WO2001038665A1

WO2001038665A1 - Support element for supporting thin brittle sheets and the use thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2001038665A1
Application number: PCT/CH2000/000622
Authority: WO
Inventors: Roland Wolfseher
Original assignee: Ceramit Ag
Priority date: 1999-11-26
Filing date: 2000-11-22
Publication date: 2001-05-31
Also published as: PE20010721A1; EP1234082A1; AU1263301A; EG22237A

Abstract

The invention relates to a support element (1), for supporting thin brittle sheets (3, 3'), in particular, ceramic sheets for the cladding of surfaces (14), in particular, in civil engineering. Said element comprises a means of fixing (2), at least one support body (5, 5', 5''), a plinth (13) and a cover (11), whereby the support body(ies) (5, 5', 5'') are of dimensions that match an opening in the sheet (3, 3'), in such a way that they may be arranged in said opening, essentially without play or tension and at least partially extend through the opening. According to the invention, said support elements (1) are characterised in that the plinth (13) and cover (12) are linked to each other by a connector piece (15) and are produced as a single component with the support body (5, 5', 5''). The use of said support elements (1), for the support of thin brittle sheets (3, 3'), in particular, for the cladding of surfaces in civil engineering with ceramic sheets, is characterised in that the support element (1) is fixed to a surface (14), with a means of fixing (2), by using a fixing jig.

Description

Holding element for holding thin, brittle breaking plates and their use

The invention relates to a holding element for holding thin, brittle-breaking panels, according to the preamble of independent / claim 1 and its use for cladding surfaces on buildings and civil engineering.

The fastening of panels for cladding surfaces on buildings and civil engineering has been known for a long time. Among other things, exposed concrete elements are used, e.g. by means of reinforcements inserted and protruding from the rear surface of these exposed concrete elements directly during concreting or by subsequent pouring of these protruding reinforcements.

The requirements that are placed on a surface of a building in civil engineering today include high weather resistance. Especially in building construction, an outer skin is required, which also has a favorable influence on the heat and water balance of the buildings. So-called ventilated facades, in which the weather protection is separated from the load-bearing shell by an air space, have proven to be excellent. Plate material made of metal (e.g. aluminum, copper, but also non-oxidizing alloys), glass, fiber composites (e.g. Eternit®, trademark of Eternit AG in Niederurnen, Switzerland) or ceramic is preferably used as the material for weather protection.

The forend cover, in which the panels have a slight inclination towards the surface of the building and in which the upper edge of the underlying panel is covered by the overlying panel, has proven itself as a simple way of laying and also offers efficient wet model protection. Often preferred is the invisible fastening, in which only the panels, but not the means for fastening them, are visible on the finished building.

On the one hand, complex, invisible fastening solutions are known for laying thin, brittle-breaking panels, in particular ceramic panels. On the other hand, simple solutions, such as the use of screws that pass through an opening in the plate, involve the risk of damaging the edges of these openings.

This damage can already be caused by laying. The use of washers to enlarge the pressure surface or to reduce the pressure force per unit area only helps here in part because even a small deviation of the screw from the perpendicular to the plate surface causes a one-sided force distribution with extreme force differences. As a result of the weather (mainly from wind blows), ceramic plates and the like which are fastened in this way are often damaged in the area of the fastening holes in such a way that the plates can even fall to the ground.

The object of the present invention is to propose holding elements which reduce or at least reduce the disadvantages in the prior art.

Erfmdungsge ass this object is achieved according to the features of claim 1 by proposing a holding element for holding thin, brittle-breaking plates, in particular ceramic plates for cladding surfaces on buildings and civil engineering. In this case, the holding element comprises a fastening means, at least one holding body, a base and a cover, the holding body or bodies having dimensions which are adapted to an opening m of the plate in such a way that they are free of play and tension in this opening. can be freely arranged and at least partially penetrate this opening. The holding element according to the invention is characterized in that the base and the cover are connected to one another via a connecting piece and are produced in one piece together with the holding body. Further features result from the dependent claims.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention are to be explained schematically and without limiting the scope thereof with the aid of the drawings. Show:

1 shows a longitudinal section through a first embodiment of the holding element according to the invention, in the open state;

Fig. 2A shows a longitudinal section through a holding element ge ass Figure 1, m closed state.

2B shows a cross section through a holding element according to FIG. 1 in the closed state;

3 shows a longitudinal section through a holding element according to FIGS. 1 and 2, m closed state, fully assembled with plate and fastening means;

4 shows a longitudinal section through a faceplate with invisible fastening using holding elements according to FIGS. 1 to 3;

5A is a plan view of a holding element according to FIG.

1, m open state, with m an opening of a plate inserted holding body;

5B shows a detailed view of FIG. 5A, with the plate opening and the holding body used; 6 shows a plan view of a holding element according to FIG. 3 in the closed state;

7 shows a plan view of a parallel and a locked faceplate with invisible fastening;

8 shows a longitudinal section through a second embodiment of the holding element according to the invention in the closed state, fully assembled with plate and fastening means;

9A shows a cross section through a holding element according to the section line m FIG. 8, m closed state;

FIG. 9B shows a cross section through a holding element according to the section line m FIG. 8, m partially open;

10A shows a plan view of a third embodiment of the holding element according to the invention in the open state which is fastened to the plate;

10B shows a plan view of the third embodiment of the holding element according to the invention according to FIG. 10A, in the half-closed state;

11 shows a longitudinal section through a fourth embodiment of the holding element according to the invention in the closed state, fully assembled with plate and fastening means;

12A shows a longitudinal or cross section through two variants of a fifth embodiment of the holding element according to the invention; 12B shows a longitudinal or cross section through two variants of a sixth embodiment of the holding element according to the invention;

12C shows a longitudinal or cross section through two variants of a seventh embodiment of the holding element according to the invention.

FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a first embodiment of the holding element according to the invention, in the open state. The holding element 1 for holding thin, brittle-breaking plates (not shown), in particular ceramic plates for cladding surfaces on buildings and civil engineering, comprises a fastening means 2 - for fastening the holding element on a surface of such a building. A suitable fastening means can be a screw (see, for example, Fig. 3, 8 or 11), a nail or another elongated component (such as a bolt, a threaded rod and the like), by means of which the holding element can be fastened to the surface of a building , A preferably used plate 3 comprises one or more openings 4 and the holding element 1 comprises - for holding such a plate 3 - at least one holding body 5 which can be arranged in at least one such opening 4 of a plate 3 and at least partially penetrates this opening 4. The holding element 1 shown here preferably also comprises an opening 6 through which at least one fastening means can be guided.

So that a practically uniform force transmission takes place between the fastening means 2 and the holding body 5, it is preferred if the fastening means 2 with its holding surface 7 comes to lie as exactly as possible parallel to the surface 8 of the holding body. For this purpose, the holding body 5 has on the inner surface 9 of its opening 6 a guide for guiding the fastener to be used. suitable surface structure 10, as shown for example in FIG. 5B.

The holding body 1 has a shape adapted to the plate opening 4 for essentially tension and play-free holding of the plate 3. If the plate opening 4 is in the form of a slot (as in FIG. 5B), the holding body 5 preferably also has an elongated shape. This arrangement of holding body 5 and opening 6 has the advantage that the load of the plate 3 is transmitted to the holding body 5 over a distance the length of which is a multiple of the thickness D of the holding body and thus a particularly gentle holding of the plate 3 is guaranteed. Such openings 4 m of the plate 3 can be made, for example, with a milling machine or can be left out during the manufacture of the plate.

An alternative form of fastening is achieved in that instead of the plate openings 4 slits, 4 m openings are provided in the form of simple, round holes (not shown), which can be attached, for example, with a drilling machine or can be left out during the manufacture of the plate.

In general, two slot-shaped openings 4 - each one on each side of the plate 3 (see FIG. 7) - or two round openings 4 per plate are sufficient. However, additional openings can also be provided for especially long or for curved panels. These additional openings are preferably arranged on a line and between the slot-shaped or round openings 4 already provided.

The holding element 1 also comprises a lid 11 for securing the plate 3 on the holding element. This lid 11 extends beyond the thickness D of the holding body 5, so that the

After installation is complete, plate 3 is no longer removed from holding body 5 can slip, as can be seen, for example, in FIGS. 3, 6, 8, 10 and 11.

FIG. 2A shows a longitudinal section through a holding element 1 according to FIG. 1. The holding element 1, shown in the closed state, of a first embodiment comprises a steaming part 12 for spacing a neighboring plate 3 'and a base 13 for spacing the plate 3 from the surface of the plate Build 14 base 13, 5 holding body and cover 11 are made of a material which is softer than the material of the plate 3. The material for this preferably integrally manufactured holding element 1 with base 13, holding body 5, cover 11 and damping part 12 is suitable in particular plastic, so that such a holding element 1 can be manufactured in one operation by means of injection molding. Plastics such as PA (polyamides), PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), PTFE (polytetrafluorethylene, with or without glass fiber reinforcement), POM (polyoxymethylene) are suitable for the production of holding elements 1 according to the invention.

FIG. 2B shows a cross section through a holding element according to FIG. 1, in the closed state: in its longitudinal direction, too, the holding body 5 arranged on the base 13 is preferably surmounted by the cover 11.

FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section through a holding element 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2. This holding element is shown in the closed state and with the plate 3 fully assembled. Holding body 5, cover 11, base 13 and damping part 12 are made in one piece according to this first embodiment of the holding element according to the invention. The fastening means 2 (here a screw) penetrates the cover 11, the holding body 5 and the base 13, so that - in the fully installed state of the holding element 1 and the plate 3 - the cover 11, the holding body 5 and the base 13 through the fastening means 2 are connected to each other. 3 clearly shows that cover 11 and base 13 are connected to one another via a connecting piece 15. The cover 11 also includes a damping part 12, which is made in one piece with the cover 11. The head of the fastening means 2 designed as a screw has a flat underside, which rests directly on the cover 11 as a holding surface 7. The building surface 14 can be, for example, a raw wall made of brick or concrete and the like, or also a wooden support battens, as is known from the prior art for the construction of ventilated curtain walls.

In the case of an externally insulated facade, the vertical wooden battens carrying the base 13 are preferably fastened to a corresponding, horizontal metal substructure or to a further, horizontal wooden battens.

In the case of a man-insulated facade or a non-insulated wall, retaining elements 1 can be placed directly on the wall with a sufficiently high base, nevertheless the ventilation of the panels 3 is guaranteed because the retaining elements 1 are narrow in relation to the expansion of the panel 3 and so on the air can circulate practically unhindered.

When using such a holding element 1 according to the invention for holding thin, brittle-breaking plates 3, in particular for cladding surfaces on buildings and civil engineering structures with ceramic plates, the holding element is preferably fastened with a fastening means 2 and using a mounting template on a surface 14 of a building attached. Two different strategies can be selected: 1. The holding element is - before fastening to the building - with its holding body m an opening of a plate to be fastened and fastened together with the plate to the building.

2. The holding element is attached to the building without a plate and the plate or plates are assembled in a separate operation.

Both uses of such a holding element 1 according to the invention for holding thin, brittle-breaking plates 3 enable the creation of a faceplate for covering surfaces on buildings and civil engineering structures with invisible fastening, as is shown in FIG. 4. 4 also clearly shows the function of the damping part 12 for spacing a neighboring plate 3 'placed above it.

It is advantageous if the holding body and / or the base and / or the cover and / or the damping part are made of a material which is softer than the material of the plate. In this way, the thin ceramic plates 3 are kept safe and soft. A complete separation of the fastening means 2 and the plate 3 in terms of material prevents the sensitive plate from coming into contact with the hard fastening means 2 m, which are made from a highly noble, stainless steel. By means of the holding elements 1 according to the invention, glass plates or other brod-breaking plates can also be used for cladding surfaces on buildings and civil engineering structures. A tool is always necessary to move the plates with holding elements or to remove them from the holding elements in accordance with a first embodiment. Here the screws are equipped with a hexagon socket 16 (Allen key), so that an appropriate key can be used for the assembly of the plates. In addition, the screw head has an external hexagon 17 (cf. also FIG. 6), which allows the screw to be opened by means of a fork key inserted between the plates 3 and 3 '. This is of great benefit when a damaged plate 3 is removed again, because the top plate 3 'only has to be raised minimally, if at all, and the external hexagon is easily accessible

FIG. 5A shows a plan view of a holding element 1 according to FIG. 1, in the open state, with an opening 4 of a plate 3, holding body 5. This holding element 1, before being attached to the building structure, became an opening 4 with its holding body 5 m a plate 3 to be fastened and is now to be fastened together with the plate to the building.

The insertion of the holding body 5 m into such a slit-shaped opening 4 can take place from behind in a substantially perpendicular direction to the plate surface. This is preferred if the holding body 5 comprises clamping strips 18 or clips with which the holding body can be fastened in the plate opening and which run on the outer surface 19 of the holding body 5 essentially perpendicular to the plate thickness (cf. FIG. 5B).

The insertion of the holding body 5 m into such a slot-shaped opening 4 can also take place from the side in an essentially parallel direction to the plate surface. This is preferred if the holding body 5 comprises clamping strips 18 or clips with which the holding body can be fastened in the plate opening and which run on the outer surface 19 of the holding body 5 essentially parallel to the plate surface (not shown). The removal of a defective plate from a completely assembled plate layer is possible when using holding bodies 5 with clamping strips 18 or clips in any direction, because the clamping effect of these clamping strips 18 or clips should only be so great that the holding elements used are not easy , for example due to the weight of the holding elements 1. For this reason, it is also possible to move plates 3 to holding elements 1 that are temporarily mounted on the building.

FIG. 5B shows an enlarged detail view of FIG. 5A, with the plate opening 4 and the holding body 5 used. In this exemplary embodiment, preferred dimensions of the plate 3 and the plate opening 4 are given. These are the distance A from the top edge of the plate, the slot width B and the slot length L. For ceramic plates with a length of 600 mm, a height of 300 mm and a thickness of 7 mm, each slot on each side with the preserves the following dimensions:

A = 50 mm; B = 8 mm; L = 30 mm.

FIG. 6 shows a plan view of a holding element according to FIG. 3, closed state. Wood screws used as fastening means 2 preferably have a diameter of 4.8 mm and a length of 35 mm). The screw head has an external hexagon 17 with a key width of 14 mm. Screws of this dimension can be placed directly on the cover 11 as a fastening means 2 without washers if the cover slot 20 has a width of approximately 7.5 mm. The preferred coverage (dimension C between the upper edge of the plate 3 and the plate 3 'above it, see FIGS. 4, 7, 8 and 11) is 70 mm. The described masses A, B, C, D and L can vary considerably depending on the different length and / or height and or thickness of the plate.

Round openings (not shown) preferably have a diameter of 5 to 50 mm; an opening diameter of 10 to 20 mm is particularly preferred.

FIG. 7 shows a top view of a normal or parallel (top two rows) and a locked (bottom two

Rows, so-called "English" installation type) forend covers with invisible fastening. The required vertical wooden battens 21 are shown in dotted lines, which immediately shows that the parallel laying method requires vertical wooden battens with far fewer parts. By

The use of raised plinths 13 can be dispensed with entirely on wooden battens if the holding elements (not shown here) are moved directly onto the surface of the building.

The relocation of the holding elements 1 - regardless of whether they are fastened to the plates 3 by means of holding bodies 5 or not - is preferably carried out by a technician specially trained for this purpose using an assembly gauge.

FIG. 8 shows a longitudinal section through a second embodiment of the holding element 1 according to the invention in the closed state, fully assembled with plate 3 and fastening means 2. Like the first embodiment, this holding element with all its parts is made in one piece. This has the advantage that fewer parts are lost during assembly on site and that a certain sequence of steps has to be followed, so that assembly errors are practically excluded. With this holding element in the fully assembled state of holding element 1 and plate 3 - Cover 11, holding body 5 and base 13 are operatively connected to one another by a finger 22. The finger 22 is integrally formed with the base 13 and reaches from top to bottom. In a variant of this second embodiment (not shown), the finger 22 is formed in one piece with the cover 11 and reaches from the bottom up.

The fastening means 2 is designed here as a screw and penetrates the base 13 at a distance from the holding body 5. While in the first embodiment (cf. FIG. 3) a tool has to be used to release the operative connection of cover 11, holding body 5 and base 13, this is not the case here because the finger 22 is moved by hand by moving the Lid to the right - moved from the area of the closure hook 23 into the insertion area 24 and then the lid can be raised. This sideways movement (it could also be directed to the left in the case of a reversed version) is counteracted by the force of the elastically deformable connecting piece 15. This restoring force results on the one hand from the selected dimensions of the holding element 1 and on the other hand from the selected plastic for producing the same. Particularly high forces are achieved by using metallic leaf springs, but they are usually not necessary to ensure a secure fit of the finger.

As in the first embodiment, the damping part 12 is also made in one piece with the cover 11 and forms a hollow web which is open at the bottom to avoid shrinkage distortion after the injection molding. The two embodiments shown so far also have in common that the holding body 5 is slightly higher than the plate to be used is thick. It is thereby achieved that even when the holding element 1 and plate 3 are in the fully assembled state, no forces are exerted directly on the plate 3, but instead that the plate 3 is not clamped, but is kept essentially free of play.

FIG. 9A shows a cross section through a holding element 1 in accordance with the second embodiment in the closed state and in accordance with the section line S - S in FIG. 8. In the laterally relaxed idle state of the connecting piece 15, which connects the cover 11 and the base 13 to one another, the Finger 22 in the area of the locking hook 23. In this position of the finger 22, this exerts a slight tensile force on the cover 11, so that this cover is pulled against the surface 8 of the holding body. The plate 3 ¹ , which is arranged above the plate 3 held with this holding element 1, lies with its maximum weight on the damping part 12 of this holding element. The damping part is therefore preferably designed such that it is not deformed by this load. Holding the plates 3, 3 'defined in this way permits exact cladding of surfaces on buildings and civil engineering structures with thin, brod-breaking plates, in particular ceramic plates, one of which

Forend cover with invisible fastening m parallel or m "English" installation can be carried out. The essentially tension-free and play-free holding of the panels even enables the cladding of simply curved or even curved surfaces of buildings.

FIG. 9B shows a cross section through a holding element 1 according to the second embodiment in the open state and in accordance with the section line S - S in FIG. 8. The finger lies in the laterally relaxed state of rest of the connecting piece 15 which connects the cover 11 and the base 13 to one another 22 opposite the area of the locking hook 23. The preferably flexible connection piece 15 holds the cover 11 slightly open. This facilitates the laying of plates 3, 3 'on preassembled holding elements 1, which are simply between the opened covers 11 and the ones below Holding body 5 can be pushed and lowered onto the base 13. The cover 11 can then be moved by hand slightly to the right and the finger 22 can move the insertion area 24, lower it there and move the position of FIG. 9A.

FIG. 10A shows a top view of a third embodiment of the holding element 1 according to the invention which is open and fastened to the plate 3. This embodiment is characterized by a holding body 5 which sits on a base 13 and preferably comprises an outer surface 19 with terminal strips or clips 18, as has already been described in the first embodiment (cf. FIG. 5). The holding body 5 is also somewhat higher than the thickness of the plate 3, 3 '. In its upper region, preferably close to its surface 5, this holding body 5 has a counter surface 27 with a recess 28. The cover 11, which is preferably produced in one piece with the base 13 and the holding body 5 (not shown here; cf. FIG. 10B), is connected to the base 13 via a connecting piece 15. The recess 28 m of the counter surface 27 is rotated in its orientation with respect to the plate opening 4 by an acute angle and is intended for inserting a finger 22. The finger 22 comprises a counter plate 29 at its end opposite the cover. This counter plate has such a mass that it can be inserted through the recess together with the finger 22.

FIG. 10B shows a top view of the third embodiment of the holding element according to the invention according to FIG. 10A, in the half-closed state. The cover 13 preferably comprises a damping part 12 and is shown here in the locked position, or in the position rotated by an acute angle with respect to the longitudinal direction of the holding element 1. In this position, fingers 22 and counter plate 29 can be inserted through the recess 28 m in counter surface 27 become. The connector 15 is so elastic or so resilient that it allows this movement, but would like to assume its straight posture again. Thus, the lid 11, in the laterally relaxed state of the connecting piece 15, lies straight and parallel to the base 13 on the holding body 5. Parts of the counterplate engage under corresponding parts of the counter surface 27 and hold the lid 11 securely on the surface of the holding body 5. The The active connection between cover 11 and holding body 5 or base 13 thus functions similarly to what is known as a so-called "bayonet lock". The parts of the counter plate 29 which engage under the counter surface 27 are preferably slightly angled so that the cover 11 is fixed on the holding body without play when the holding element 5 is closed.

To replace one or more plates 3, 3 'of a finished cladding, the mechanic can loosen the operative connection of cover 11, holding body 5 or base 13 without tools. For this purpose, he rotates the cover 11 together with the finger 22 and counterplate 29, which is preferably formed thereon, to the position shown in FIG. 10B and lifts the fingers 22 and counterplate 29 through the recess 28 by lifting the cover 11. To simplify this process, FIG. 10B shown position preferably formed as an end position. 10, the holding body 5 can also be round and thus be adapted to a round plate opening 4 (not shown).

The shape of the recess 28 and the counter plate 29 can be used for the “bayonet lock” in any variant of this third

The embodiment may differ from the shape of a rectangle as shown, if parts of the counter plate 29 engage underneath corresponding areas of the counter surface 27 and thus hold the cover 11 securely on the surface of the holding body 5. The holding element 1 according to this third embodiment can be attached using any fastening means 2 the Surface of a building. However, the use of a screw is preferred, for which a seat 5 is provided in the region of the opening 6 of the holding body (not shown). As a result, the holding element 1 can be fastened to a surface of the building alone or together with a plate 3.

FIG. 11 shows a longitudinal section through a fourth embodiment of the holding element 1 according to the invention in the closed state. The holding element 1 is assembled with fasteners 2 and plate 3. Here, a nail has been chosen as the fastening means, but it could also be a screw or other means with which the holding element 1 can be fastened exactly to the surface 14 of a building or to wooden battens or the like. It is important that the fastening element 2 is so deeply attached to the base 13 of the holding element 1 that its upper edge can in no case touch the laid plate 3. The base 13, the connector 15, the lid 11 and the holding body 5 are made in one piece. The holding body 5 has on its surface 8 a spring hook 25 which extends through a slot 20 provided in the cover 11. The cover 11 is pressed by the two spring elements 26 onto the surface 8 of the holding body 5 and held there. The spring hook 25 of this embodiment also acts as a damping part for spacing the top plate 3 '. Deviating from this illustration, the spring hook 25 can also comprise only one side of the spring element 26.

To open the holding element 1 or to replace one or more plates 3, 3 'of a completely installed covering, the spring elements 26 can be pressed against the spring hook 25 with the fingers of one hand after the plate 3' has been slightly lifted. Then the lid 11 is raised and the plate 3 is removed. In the figures, spaces between the individual parts of a holding element 1, such as base 13 and holding body 5, holding body 5 and cover 11, are always visible. These spaces are only shown in these schematic diagrams so that the parts become visible. As already explained, these gaps do not exist in the fully assembled state of the holding element 1, fastening means 2 and plate 3, because the aim is to keep the plate essentially without play, but also without pinching it.

The previously shown embodiments of the holding element 1 do not necessarily require a base. A skirting board made of a material that is softer than that of the panels to be installed can also perform this base function.

Several other embodiments pay within the scope of the present invention. These embodiments are preferably based on an essentially round plate opening 4 and a fastening element 2 in the form of a screw. This screw 2 can - like the fastening elements 2 according to the previous embodiments - also have an internal hexagon or, for example, a cross recess. The following embodiments and their vanants can be used individually or in any combination with the previous embodiments. In Figure 12, two variants of the respective embodiment are always shown together and separated by a dash-dotted line. These figures are otherwise to be understood as rotationally symmetrical images.

FIG. 12A shows a longitudinal or cross section through two variants of a fifth embodiment of the holding element 1 according to the invention in the closed state: • The base 13 and holding body 5 are shown together in one piece on the left-hand side, the holding body being somewhat higher than the thickness of the plate 3. Cover 11 and damping part 12 are also made in one piece. After the plate has been attached (with the holding body used), a screw 2 is tightened on the surface 14 of the building together with the cover 11 and the damping part 12.

• On the right side, the base 13 is designed as a thick washer. Lid 11, damping part 12 and holding body 5 are made together in one piece, the holding body being somewhat higher than the thickness of the plate 3. The base (in contrast to the use of a pane shown) is preferably designed and preassembled as a strip, whereupon a screw 2 is tightened on the surface 14 of the building after the plate has been attached (with the holding body used - together with cover 11 and damping part 12) ,

FIG. 12B shows a longitudinal or cross section through two variants of a sixth embodiment of the holding element 1 according to the invention in the closed state:

• On the left side, base 13 and a first part 5 'of the holding body are shown together in one piece, this part 5' being less high than the thickness of the plate. Cover 11, damping part 12 and another part of the holding body 5 ″ are also made together in one piece. The sum of the height of the holding body parts 5 ′, 5 ″ is somewhat higher than the thickness of the plate 3. A screw 2 is tightened on the surface 14 of the building together with cover 11, damping part 12 and holding body part 5 ″ after the plate has been attached (with the holding body part 5 ′ inserted). • In principle, the same is shown on the right side as on the left, but with the difference that the cover 11, the damping part 12 and the holding body part 5 ″ are fastened to the screw 2. The cover 11, the damping part 12 and the holding body part 5 ″ are preferably made of plastic and are applied to the screw by means of injection molding.

FIG. 12C shows a longitudinal or cross section through two variants of a seventh embodiment of the holding element 1 according to the invention in the closed state:

• The base 13 and the holding body 5 are shown together in one piece on the left-hand side, the holding body 5 being somewhat higher than the thickness of the plate 3. Cover 11 and damping part 12 are also made together in one piece and attached directly to the screw 2. A screw 2 is tightened on the surface 14 of the building together with the cover 11 and the damping part 12 after the plate has been attached (with the holding body 5 used).

• In principle, the same is shown on the right side as on the left, but with the difference that cover 11,

Damping part 12 and holding body 5 are attached directly to the screw 2. The cover 11, the damping part 12 and the holding body 5 are preferably made of plastic and are applied to the screw by means of injection molding. The base is preferably formed (in contrast to the use of a pane shown) as a strip and preassembled, whereupon a screw 2 (with cover 11, damping part 12 and holding body 5) is tightened on the surface of the building 14 after the plate 3 has been attached. In all figures, the same reference numerals have been chosen for the corresponding parts. Any combination of the described and illustrated embodiments and variants belong to the scope of the present invention.

Advantages of the holding elements according to the invention over the prior art include:

• thin, brod-breaking panels, in particular ceramic panels for cladding surfaces on buildings and civil engineering, can be attached to surfaces of these structures essentially stress-free and securely;

• By using holding elements with a base, the slabs can be placed directly on a raw building surface, e.g. on an outer wall made of brick or concrete;

• by using holding elements with base and damping part, a faceplate with invisible fastening can be created even without wooden battens;

• The plates can be moved in two steps that are independent of each other by personnel specially trained for the respective work step: a preliminary moving of the holding elements; a subsequent moving of the plates;

• Moving the plates in two steps enables a considerable reduction in the storage time of shock-sensitive ceramic plates on the construction site and faster assembly of the same;

• During construction, individual, fully assembled panels can be easily removed at any time or replaced after damage.

Claims

claims

1. holding element (1) for holding thin, brittle-breaking plates (3, 3 '), in particular ceramic plates for covering surfaces (14) on buildings and civil engineering structures, the fastening means (2), at least one holding body (5, 5' , 5 ''), a base (13) and a cover (11), the retaining body or bodies (5, 5 ', 5' ') having measurements which have an opening m in the plate

(3, 3 ') are adapted in such a way that they can be arranged without play and tension in this opening and at least partially penetrate this opening, characterized in that the base (13) and cover (11) over a connecting piece (15) interconnected and together with the holding body (5, 5 ', 5' ') are made in one piece.

2. Holding element according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting piece (15) is designed to be elastically deformable.

3. Holding element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it also comprises a damping part (12, 25) for spacing a neighboring plate (3 ') placed above it.

4. Holding element according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that it consists of injection molded plastic.

5. Holding element according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that - in the fully assembled state of the holding element (1) and plate (3,3 ') - cover (11), holding body (5) and base (13th ) are operatively connected to one another by the fastening means (2).

6. Holding element according to claim 5, characterized in that the fastening means (2) comprises a screw, a nail, a bolt or the like, which or which cover (11), holding body (5) and base (13) penetrates.

7. Holding element according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that - in the fully assembled state of the holding element (1) and plate (3,3 ') - cover (11), holding body (5) and base (13) are operatively connected to one another by a finger (22).

8. Holding element according to claim 7, characterized in that the finger (22) with the cover (11) or the base (13) is integrally formed.

9. Holding element according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the fastening means (2) is designed as a screw, nail, bolt or the like and penetrates the base (13) from the holding body (5) spaced apart.

10. Holding element according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the operative connection of the lid (11), holding body (5) or base (13) is designed to be detachable.

11. Holding element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holding body (5) comprises clamping strips (18) or clips with which the holding body (5) m of the plate opening (4) can be fastened.

12. Holding element according to claim 11, characterized in that the holding body (5) comprises an opening (6) which - for guiding the fastening means (2) to be used - has a suitable surface (9).

13. Use of a holding element (1) for holding thin, brittle-breaking plates (3, 3 '), according to one of claims 1 to 12, in particular for cladding surfaces (14) on buildings and civil engineering with ceramic plates, characterized thereby that the holding element (1) is fastened to a surface (14) of a building using a fastening means (2) and using an assembly jig.

14. Use of a holding element according to claim 13, characterized in that the holding element (1) - before attachment to the building - with its holding body (5) m an opening (4) of a plate (3,3 ') to be fastened and is attached to the building together with the plate (3, 3 ').

15. Use of a holding element according to claim 13, characterized in that the holding element (1) is attached to the building without a plate (3,3 ') and the plate (3,3') is mounted in a separate operation.

16. Use of a holding element according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that a faceplate is carried out with invisible fastening.