WO2001045196A1 - Superconductive non-linear transmission line - Google Patents

Superconductive non-linear transmission line Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001045196A1
WO2001045196A1 PCT/CA2000/001484 CA0001484W WO0145196A1 WO 2001045196 A1 WO2001045196 A1 WO 2001045196A1 CA 0001484 W CA0001484 W CA 0001484W WO 0145196 A1 WO0145196 A1 WO 0145196A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transmission line
linear
line
high temperature
linear transmission
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA2000/001484
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Raafat R. Mansour
Original Assignee
Com Dev Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Com Dev Ltd. filed Critical Com Dev Ltd.
Publication of WO2001045196A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001045196A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/02—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type with two longitudinal conductors
    • H01P3/08—Microstrips; Strip lines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
    • Y10S505/70—High TC, above 30 k, superconducting device, article, or structured stock
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
    • Y10S505/825—Apparatus per se, device per se, or process of making or operating same
    • Y10S505/866—Wave transmission line, network, waveguide, or microwave storage device

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to non-linear transmission lines and, more particularly, to the use of the inherent non-linearity characteristics of high temperature superconductive materials in the realization of non-linear transmission lines. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
  • Non-Linear Transmission Lines It is known that wave propagation on periodically-loaded Non-Linear Transmission Lines (NLTL) leads to the generation of harmonics, each of which travels at its own phase velocity. If non-linearity and dispersion are balanced, certain unique RF characteristics can be potentially achieved, such as shock wave formation and soliton propagation.
  • NLTL's are typically realized using a transmission line periodically loaded with varactor diodes. The non-linearity arises from the dependence of the capacitance of the varactor diodes on the voltage of the propagating wave along the transmission line.
  • NLTL's can be conveniently realized using Miniature Microwave Integrated Circuits (MMIC) technology. The attenuation of these lines, however, considerably limits their usefulness in many applications. NLTL's can be also built using varactor diodes as discrete components attached to a transmission line. However, assembly of such Non-linear transmission lines is extremely difficult.
  • MMIC Miniature Microwave Integrated Circuits
  • a non-linear transmission line comprising a line extending between an input and an output, the line having high temperature superconductive elements periodically loaded thereon.
  • the elements Preferably, the elements have non-linear characteristics that provide voltage dependent non- linearity to the line.
  • a method of constructing a superconductive non-linear transmission line comprising periodically loading HTS elements on a transmission line.
  • the HTS elements have nonlinear characteristics that provide voltage dependent non-linearity to the line.
  • Figure 1 is a top view of a typical prior art non-linear transmission line
  • Figure 2 is a prior art graph illustrating the equivalent circuit of one section of the non-linear transmission line shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a top view of a superconductive non-linear transmission line according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a view of a superconductive non-linear transmission line according to a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a view of a superconductive non-linear transmission line according to still a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • Line 1 It consists of a transmission line 2 periodically-loaded with varactor diodes 3.
  • the equivalent circuit of a unit cell of the loaded line is shown in Figure 2.
  • the non-linearity is attributed to the voltage dependent capacitance of the varactor diodes while the dispersion results from the passband characteristics of the periodic structure.
  • FIG 3 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • a circuit 4 consists of a transmission line 5 loaded with stubs 6 made of HTS materials. The width of the stubs is very small so that the stubs become non-linear at the operating power level.
  • the transmission line 5 can be made of gold films, HTS films or HTS films coated with gold films on a substrate (not shown). If the transmission line 5 is made out of HTS films, its width must be wide enough to avoid non-linearity.
  • the circuit 7 consists of a transmission line 5 loaded with inter-digital capacitors 8 made out of HTS materials.
  • the dimensions of the inter-digital capacitors are chosen such that the capacitors are nonlinear at the operating power level.
  • FIG. 5 shows a still further preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • a non-linear transmission line circuit 9 consists of two layers 2a and 2b.
  • Layer 2a consists of a transmission line 5 printed on a substrate 10 attached to a ground plane 11 while layer 2b consists of several interdigital circuits 12 printed on a substrate 13.
  • the circuit 9 is assembled in a housing 14 by epoxying the ground plane 11 to the bottom of the housing 14.
  • a plate 15 serves as a top cover.
  • Layer 2b is placed on top of the layer 2a by using low loss adhesive or any other means.
  • the dimensions of the HTS interdigital circuits 12 are chosen to be very thin to allow non- linearity to be generated.
  • circuits are shown to be in the form of a "straight-line configuration". However, these circuits can be also in the form of a "spiral configuration" or "Meander configuration".
  • the spiral and meander configurations allow the integration of a superconductive NLTL with a large number of non-linear elements on one wafer.
  • the HTS elements are HTS films or stubs of HTS films that are narrow enough to become non-linear at the operating power level of the transmission line.
  • Superconductive, non-linear transmission lines have an advantage in that they have a relatively low loss. Additionally, they can be easily fabricated since no varactor diode assembly is required.

Abstract

A non-linear transmission line has high temperature superconductive elements periodically loaded thereon. The elements have non-linear characteristics that provide voltage dependent non-linearity to the transmission line. The line can have a circuit with a first layer and a second layer with the second layer having several interdigital circuits printed thereon. The line can also have a meandering configuration or a spiral configuration.

Description

SUPERCO DUCTINE ΝOΝ-LLΝEAR TRANSMISSION LINE
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to non-linear transmission lines and, more particularly, to the use of the inherent non-linearity characteristics of high temperature superconductive materials in the realization of non-linear transmission lines. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
It is known that wave propagation on periodically-loaded Non-Linear Transmission Lines (NLTL) leads to the generation of harmonics, each of which travels at its own phase velocity. If non-linearity and dispersion are balanced, certain unique RF characteristics can be potentially achieved, such as shock wave formation and soliton propagation. Over the past years, several papers have been published on the use of periodically-loaded non-linear transmission lines in instrumentation and pulse compression applications. NLTL's are typically realized using a transmission line periodically loaded with varactor diodes. The non-linearity arises from the dependence of the capacitance of the varactor diodes on the voltage of the propagating wave along the transmission line.
There are other methods of achieving the required non- linearity and dispersion. For example, it has been suggested that loading a transmission line with non-linear dielectric materials can potentially lead to the realization of a NLTL (See D. Jager, "characteristics of travelling waves along the non-linear transmission lines for monolithic integrated circuits: a review, "Int. J. Electronics, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 649-669, 1995.).
NLTL's can be conveniently realized using Miniature Microwave Integrated Circuits (MMIC) technology. The attenuation of these lines, however, considerably limits their usefulness in many applications. NLTL's can be also built using varactor diodes as discrete components attached to a transmission line. However, assembly of such Non-linear transmission lines is extremely difficult.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide non-linear transmission lines using the high temperature superconductive technology and the non-linearity characteristics of such technology. It is a further object of the present invention to build non-linear transmission lines that have low insertion loss compared to what can be achieved using conventional MMIC technology.
A non-linear transmission line comprising a line extending between an input and an output, the line having high temperature superconductive elements periodically loaded thereon. Preferably, the elements have non-linear characteristics that provide voltage dependent non- linearity to the line.
A method of constructing a superconductive non-linear transmission line, said method comprising periodically loading HTS elements on a transmission line. Preferably, the HTS elements have nonlinear characteristics that provide voltage dependent non-linearity to the line. The foregoing and other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description.
In the description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which there is shown, by way of illustration, a preferred embodiment of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a top view of a typical prior art non-linear transmission line;
Figure 2 is a prior art graph illustrating the equivalent circuit of one section of the non-linear transmission line shown in Figure 1; Figure 3 is a top view of a superconductive non-linear transmission line according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 4 is a view of a superconductive non-linear transmission line according to a further embodiment of the present invention; and
Figure 5 is a view of a superconductive non-linear transmission line according to still a further embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Figure 1 illustrates a conventional Non-Linear Transmission
Line 1. It consists of a transmission line 2 periodically-loaded with varactor diodes 3. The equivalent circuit of a unit cell of the loaded line is shown in Figure 2. The non-linearity is attributed to the voltage dependent capacitance of the varactor diodes while the dispersion results from the passband characteristics of the periodic structure.
Figure 3 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the present invention. A circuit 4 consists of a transmission line 5 loaded with stubs 6 made of HTS materials. The width of the stubs is very small so that the stubs become non-linear at the operating power level. The transmission line 5 can be made of gold films, HTS films or HTS films coated with gold films on a substrate (not shown). If the transmission line 5 is made out of HTS films, its width must be wide enough to avoid non-linearity.
In Figure 4, there is shown a further preferred embodiment of the present invention. The circuit 7 consists of a transmission line 5 loaded with inter-digital capacitors 8 made out of HTS materials. The dimensions of the inter-digital capacitors are chosen such that the capacitors are nonlinear at the operating power level.
Figure 5 shows a still further preferred embodiment of the present invention. A non-linear transmission line circuit 9 consists of two layers 2a and 2b. Layer 2a consists of a transmission line 5 printed on a substrate 10 attached to a ground plane 11 while layer 2b consists of several interdigital circuits 12 printed on a substrate 13. The circuit 9 is assembled in a housing 14 by epoxying the ground plane 11 to the bottom of the housing 14. A plate 15 serves as a top cover. Layer 2b is placed on top of the layer 2a by using low loss adhesive or any other means. The dimensions of the HTS interdigital circuits 12 are chosen to be very thin to allow non- linearity to be generated.
In Figures 3, 4 and 5, the circuits are shown to be in the form of a "straight-line configuration". However, these circuits can be also in the form of a "spiral configuration" or "Meander configuration". The spiral and meander configurations allow the integration of a superconductive NLTL with a large number of non-linear elements on one wafer.
Preferably, the HTS elements are HTS films or stubs of HTS films that are narrow enough to become non-linear at the operating power level of the transmission line.
Superconductive, non-linear transmission lines, have an advantage in that they have a relatively low loss. Additionally, they can be easily fabricated since no varactor diode assembly is required.
Although the present invention has been fully described by way of example in connection with a preferred embodiment thereof, it should be noted that various changes and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore unless otherwise such changes and modifications depart from the scope of the present invention, they should be construed as being included therein.

Claims

I CLAIM:
1. A non-linear transmission line comprising a line extending between an input and an output, said line having high temperature superconductive elements periodically loaded thereon.
2. A non-linear transmission line as claimed in Claim 1 wherein said elements have non-linear characteristics that provide voltage dependant non-linearity to said line.
3. A non-linear transmission line as claimed in Claim 2 wherein said high temperature superconductive elements are selected from the group of stubs made from high temperature superconductive material and interdigital capacitors made from high temperature superconductive material.
4. A non-linear transmission line as claimed in Claim 3 wherein the line is made from a material selected from the group of gold film, high temperature superconductive film and high temperature superconductive film coated with gold film.
5. A non-linear transmission line as claimed in Claim 4 wherein the transmission line is made from high temperature superconductive film that is sufficiently wide to avoid non-linearity.
6. A non-linear transmission line as claimed in Claim 1 wherein said line forms a circuit having a first layer and a second layer, said first layer having said transmission line printed thereon on a substrate attached to a ground plane, said second layer having several interdigital circuits printed thereon.
7. A non- linear transmission line as claimed in Claim 6 wherein said interdigital circuits are very thin to allow non-linearity to be generated.
8. A non-linear transmission line as claimed in Claim 1 wherein said line is located on a substrate attached to a ground plane.
9. A non-linear transmission line as claimed in Claim 1 wherein said transmission line is enclosed in a housing.
10. A non- linear transmission line as claimed in Claim 1 wherein said transmission line has a spiral configuration.
11. A non-linear transmission line as claimed in Claim 1 wherein said transmission line has a meandering configuration.
12. A non-linear transmission line as claimed in Claim 3 wherein said stubs are narrow enough to become non-linear at the operating power level of the transmission line.
13. A method of constructing a superconductive non-linear transmission line, said method comprising periodically loading high temperature superconductive elements on said transmission line.
14. A method as claimed in Claim 13 including the step of periodically loading high temperature superconductive elements that have non-linear characteristics that provide voltage dependent non-linearity to said line.
15. A method as described in Claim 14 comprising the steps of choosing interdigital capacitors made from high temperature superconductive material as said elements, choosing dimensions for said capacitors so that said capacitors are non-linear at the operating level of said transmission line.
PCT/CA2000/001484 1999-12-13 2000-12-11 Superconductive non-linear transmission line WO2001045196A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/459,617 US6480728B1 (en) 1999-12-13 1999-12-13 Superconductive non-linear transmission lines and method of construction
US09/459,617 1999-12-13

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WO2001045196A1 true WO2001045196A1 (en) 2001-06-21

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US7462956B2 (en) * 2007-01-11 2008-12-09 Northrop Grumman Space & Mission Systems Corp. High efficiency NLTL comb generator using time domain waveform synthesis technique
US8179149B1 (en) * 2011-05-12 2012-05-15 Sandor Holly Electromagnetic fence
CN106897487B (en) * 2017-01-13 2018-12-14 华中科技大学 A kind of modeling method of high-temperature superconducting magnet nonlinear analysis
CN107677467A (en) * 2017-09-25 2018-02-09 哈尔滨工业大学 A kind of Novel bunk temperature nonlinearizer Real time Efficiency is test bed and its test method

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CA2291470A1 (en) 2000-03-06
US6480728B1 (en) 2002-11-12
CA2291470C (en) 2003-10-14

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