WO2001055869A1 - Managing print jobs - Google Patents
Managing print jobs Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001055869A1 WO2001055869A1 PCT/US2001/002165 US0102165W WO0155869A1 WO 2001055869 A1 WO2001055869 A1 WO 2001055869A1 US 0102165 W US0102165 W US 0102165W WO 0155869 A1 WO0155869 A1 WO 0155869A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- print jobs
- printing
- aggregate
- discrete
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/12—Digital output to print unit, e.g. line printer, chain printer
- G06F3/1201—Dedicated interfaces to print systems
- G06F3/1202—Dedicated interfaces to print systems specifically adapted to achieve a particular effect
- G06F3/1203—Improving or facilitating administration, e.g. print management
- G06F3/1205—Improving or facilitating administration, e.g. print management resulting in increased flexibility in print job configuration, e.g. job settings, print requirements, job tickets
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/12—Digital output to print unit, e.g. line printer, chain printer
- G06F3/1201—Dedicated interfaces to print systems
- G06F3/1202—Dedicated interfaces to print systems specifically adapted to achieve a particular effect
- G06F3/1203—Improving or facilitating administration, e.g. print management
- G06F3/1208—Improving or facilitating administration, e.g. print management resulting in improved quality of the output result, e.g. print layout, colours, workflows, print preview
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/12—Digital output to print unit, e.g. line printer, chain printer
- G06F3/1201—Dedicated interfaces to print systems
- G06F3/1223—Dedicated interfaces to print systems specifically adapted to use a particular technique
- G06F3/1237—Print job management
- G06F3/125—Page layout or assigning input pages onto output media, e.g. imposition
- G06F3/1251—Page layout or assigning input pages onto output media, e.g. imposition for continuous media, e.g. web media, rolls
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/12—Digital output to print unit, e.g. line printer, chain printer
- G06F3/1201—Dedicated interfaces to print systems
- G06F3/1223—Dedicated interfaces to print systems specifically adapted to use a particular technique
- G06F3/1237—Print job management
- G06F3/125—Page layout or assigning input pages onto output media, e.g. imposition
- G06F3/1252—Page layout or assigning input pages onto output media, e.g. imposition for sheet based media
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/12—Digital output to print unit, e.g. line printer, chain printer
- G06F3/1201—Dedicated interfaces to print systems
- G06F3/1223—Dedicated interfaces to print systems specifically adapted to use a particular technique
- G06F3/1237—Print job management
- G06F3/126—Job scheduling, e.g. queuing, determine appropriate device
- G06F3/1262—Job scheduling, e.g. queuing, determine appropriate device by grouping or ganging jobs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/12—Digital output to print unit, e.g. line printer, chain printer
- G06F3/1201—Dedicated interfaces to print systems
- G06F3/1278—Dedicated interfaces to print systems specifically adapted to adopt a particular infrastructure
- G06F3/1285—Remote printer device, e.g. being remote from client or server
- G06F3/1287—Remote printer device, e.g. being remote from client or server via internet
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/12—Digital output to print unit, e.g. line printer, chain printer
- G06F3/1201—Dedicated interfaces to print systems
- G06F3/1278—Dedicated interfaces to print systems specifically adapted to adopt a particular infrastructure
- G06F3/1285—Remote printer device, e.g. being remote from client or server
- G06F3/1288—Remote printer device, e.g. being remote from client or server in client-server-printer device configuration
Definitions
- This invention relates to managing print jobs.
- BACKGROUND Short-run print jobs e.g., business cards, letterheads, sell sheets, invitations, announcements, folders, brochures, and marketmg materials
- Another strategy for controlling cost employed by printers of products such as invitations, office stationery, and address labels, is to offer customers a limited selection of papers, formats and colors from which to choose.
- Printing costs per MSI are much lower for high- volume high-quality full-color publishing and packaging print jobs, e.g., food labels, consumer good packaging, magazines, catalogues and high volume marketing materials.
- Publishing and packaging printing is generally done using large, expensive offset printing presses (either web press or sheet feeding of large-format paper stock) in a highly automated large-volume manufacturing environment. Because these presses have high set-up and amortization costs, their use has been focused on long print runs that are typical in the packaging and publishing segments of the printing market.
- Another approach has been to preprint high volumes of a standard base product (e.g., invitation "blanks” bearing high quality color graphics) using high quality offset printing, and then to overprint variable, custom text (e.g., the text of the invitation) for each order, typically using simpler printing processes and conventional short run printing methods.
- a standard base product e.g., invitation "blanks” bearing high quality color graphics
- custom text e.g., the text of the invitation
- Yet another approach has been to reduce the cost of setting up a print job by letting the customer, or an intermediary other than the printer, be responsible for the layout, sales and administration aspects of the customer's order.
- some companies such as Hallmark, have provided WYSIWYG ("what you see is what you get") terminals at which a customer can view a WYSIWYG display of the item to be printed, and then upload information regarding the print job to a local or remote printing site.
- WYSIWYG what you see is what you get
- Another example of this approach is desktop publishing software, which allo s a customer to design a print j ob on-screen.
- Computers have been used to reduce cost and improve efficiency of printing processes, e.g., to make the process of page layout, proofing, approvals and transmission to the printing floor more efficient.
- on-the-fiy page markups have been sent directly to the production floor using digital workflow technology.
- Prepress software and equipment that automates workflow is also used by printers and graphics professionals.
- Internet companies such as Noosh and Impresse have been providing services that improve the efficiency of buyer-seller transactions involving printing, e.g., by giving users of their websites the ability to "connect" with a wide variety of print vendors, from short-run demand printers to long-run offset printers.
- the invention features method for managing print jobs.
- the invention features a method including (a) accumulating discrete print jobs electronically from respective customers, (b) aggregating the discrete print j obs into aggregate print j obs, each of the aggregate print j obs being printable at one time on units of an integral print medium, and (b) electronically distributing the aggregate print jobs to respective printers for printing.
- Implementations of this aspect of the mvention may mclude one or more of the following features.
- the integral print medium may include cut sheets of paper, or large rolls of paper designed for use on offset printing web presses, e.g., rolls having roll widths of 20 inches or more.
- the print jobs are accumulated through web browsers. Printing of the aggregate print jobs is done during periods of otherwise unused capacity. Each of the discrete print jobs includes a run of fewer than 5,000 copies. Printing is done on large-scale offset full-color presses. Aggregating is done automatically.
- the invention features a method including (a) defining a two- dimensional grid of discrete print jobs, the print jobs occupying positions along the two dimensions of the grid, the grid corresponding to a substrate to be printed, the print jobs being arranged on the grid so that at least at some different positions along each of the two dimensions of the grid are print jobs that have different content to be printed on the substrate, (b) printing the print jobs on the substrate at their respective positions defined by the grid, (c) cutting the substrate to separate the print jobs, and (d) distributing at least some of the separated print jobs to different customer locations.
- the print jobs are in different formats, and all of the print jobs are printed on the substrate at one time.
- the invention features a method including defining a two- dimensional grid of discrete print j obs, the print j obs occupying positions along the two dimensions of the grid, the grid corresponding to cut sheets of a substrate to be printed, printing the print jobs on each of the sheets at their respective positions defined by the grid, and cutting the sheets of the substrate along each of the two dimensions to separate the print jobs into rectangular stacks.
- each stack defines a separate print job.
- the invention also features a method including defining a two-dimensional grid of discrete print jobs, the print jobs occupying positions along the two dimensions of the grid, the grid corresponding to a non-preprinted substrate to be printed, printing the print jobs on each of the sheets at their respective positions defined by the grid, and cutting the sheets of the substrate along each of the two dimensions to separate the print jobs.
- the invention features a method including defining a two- dimensional grid of discrete print jobs, the print jobs occupying positions along the two dimensions of the grid, the grid corresponding to a substrate to be printed, printing the print jobs in full color on each of the sheets at their respective positions defined by the grid, and cutting the sheets of the substrate along each of the two dimensions to separate the print jobs.
- the invention features a method including receiving orders for discrete print jobs from customers, each of the orders being received at an associated ordering time, each of the orders having an associated delivery time, the periods between the ordering times and the delivery times of at least some of the print jobs being different, aggregating a set of the print jobs that have essentially the same associated delivery time into an aggregate print job to be printed at one time on shared substrate units, and arranging for the production of the aggregate print job at a time that is just ahead of the delivery time.
- the method also includes adjusting the prices of the discrete print jobs based on the period between the ordering time and the delivery time.
- the method may also include arranging for the production during periods of unused printing capacity.
- the mvention also features a method including offering the printing of discrete print jobs to customers in at least two different service levels, one of the service levels including printing the print jobs free for the customers and another of the service levels including charging for the print jobs, receiving orders from customers for print jobs at selected service levels, and aggregating a set of the print jobs for printing at one time on shared substrate units.
- the service levels may be associated with speed of turnaround, and/or with the presence or absence of third-party advertising on the print job.
- the invention features a method including receiving orders for discrete print jobs from customers, electronically creatmg and accumulating non- commodity information associated with each of the print jobs, aggregating a set of the print jobs into an aggregate print job for printing at one time on shared substrate units, and arranging for the production of the aggregate print job using commodity supplies and services including non-preprinted paper as the common substrate, and commodity inks.
- the arranging for production may include locating printers having unused capacity suitable for the aggregate print job.
- the invention features a method including receiving orders for discrete print jobs from customers, automating the generation of non-commodity information associated with the print jobs, aggregating a set of the print jobs into an aggregate print job for printing at one time on shared substrate units, and arranging for production of the aggregate print job in accordance with the non-commodity information.
- the non-commodity information may include at least one of content, approval service, price, delivery terms, color verification services, quantity, and set up steps.
- the invention features a method including receiving orders for discrete print jobs from customers, defining an aggregate print job comprising a set of the discrete print jobs for printing at one time on shared substrate units, the aggregate print job having a delivery time, enabling printers having equipment not economically suitable for completing individual ones of the discrete print jobs to bid competitively for the aggregate print job up to a time just ahead of the delivery time, and awarding the aggregate print job to one of the printers prior to the delivery time.
- the enabling and awarding may be done electronically.
- the invention also features a method including (a) receiving information defining discrete print jobs each of which is alone economically unfeasible for printing on high volume printing equipment, (b) aggregating sets of the discrete print jobs into aggregate print jobs, each of the aggregate printing jobs being configured for printing at one time on units of a common substrate, the aggregate print jobs being economically feasible for printing on high volume printing equipment, each of the aggregate printing jobs having a defined delivery time, (c) making the aggregate print jobs available up to just before the delivery time, for competitive bidding by printers having the high volume printing equipment, and (d) awarding each of the aggregate print jobs to the printer with the most competitive bid based on predetermined criteria.
- the invention features a method including (a) using a high volume printing machine to produce high volume print jobs, each of the high volume print jobs comprising printing of only a large number of identical images one after the other, (b) determining the availability, between high volumes print jobs, of unused printing capacity, (c) bidding for aggregate print jobs that can be produced economically on the high volume printing machine using the unused printing capacity, each of the aggregate print jobs comprising an aggregation of discrete print jobs that would be economically unfeasible to print separately using the printing machine, and (d) printing at least one of the aggregate print jobs.
- the invention features a method including performing graphic design of a discrete print job on a design application that runs on a web browser, transferring the print job to a web server for storage after the graphic design is performed, modifying the print job on the web browser, and updating the print job on the web server after the modifying is done.
- the invention also features a method including aggregating discrete print jobs into aggregate print jobs to be produced on units of a common substrate, all of the aggregate print jobs conforming to a standard format, transmitting the aggregate print jobs to a printer electronically, and, at the printer, configuring printing equipment for producing different ones of the aggregate print jobs, using the same steps.
- the mvention features a method including (a) defining a standard template format for containing common graphical information that relates to different discrete print jobs, (b) providing a design tool to enable a designer to create a template that complies with the standard template format and embodies the common graphical information, (c) enabling the designer to deliver the template to a server electronically, (d) enabling users at client machines to use the template to generate different discrete print jobs that conform to the template and include custom graphical information specific to each of the discrete print jobs, and (e) aggregating sets of the discrete print jobs into aggregate print jobs for printing at one time on units of shared substrate.
- the invention features a method including aggregating discrete high-quality full color print jobs into a single aggregate print job, printing the single aggregate print job using standard process colors and standard un-pre-printed paper on high speed printing equipment, and distributing the aggregate print jobs in electronic files.
- the invention also features a method including (a) digitally aggregating discrete print jobs into an aggregate print job to be printed at one time on units of a standard shared substrate, the aggregate print job being defined in a standard compressed prepress data format, (b) sending the aggregate print job to a workstation at a printing site, at the printing site, Raster Image Processing the aggregate print job to create standard color separations, (c) using a computer-to-plate process to create plates based on the color separations, (d) loading the plates onto a high volume press in accordance with a standard predefined protocol, (e) loading units of the standard shared substrate onto the press, (f) printing the aggregate print job onto the standard shared substrate, (g) cutting apart the standard shared substrate units to separate the discrete print jobs, and (h) forwarding the discrete print jobs to different customer destinations.
- the invention also features a method including (a) aggregating discrete print jobs into a digital aggregate print job to be printed at one time on units of a standard shared substrate, the placement of the discrete printing jobs within the aggregate print job being defined by a digital aggregation template that represents the locations of cuts 5 that will be needed to separate the discrete print jobs from the aggregate print job, (b) placing a physical embodiment of the aggregation template on the units of the standard shared substrate, and (c) using the physical embodiment of the aggregation template as a guide to making cuts to separate the discrete print jobs.
- the aggregate print job may include a plurality of aggregated sheets, and be identified by an identifier printed on o each aggregated sheet within the aggregate print job.
- Information printed on the aggregation template may be used to automatically identify each discrete print job.
- the invention features a method including (a) aggregating discrete print jobs into an aggregate print job, (b) printing the aggregate print job at a printing site, (c) separating the discrete print jobs by cutting apart the aggregate print 5 jobs, (d) electronically identifying the discrete print jobs as having been completed using a print job identifier, (e) at the printing site placing the print jobs into shipment bins of a parcel carrier that tracks shipments electronically using a shipment identifier,
- the invention features a method including (a) aggregating discrete print jobs of respective customers into an aggregate print job, (b) printing the aggregate print job at a printing site, (c) separating the discrete print jobs by cutting apart the aggregate print jobs, (d) electronically identifying the discrete print jobs as 5 having been completed using a print job identifier, (e) shipping the discrete print jobs essentially as soon as they are printed, cut and packaged, (f) electronically billing the customers in response to completion of the printing and delivery of the discrete print jobs to a shipper for shipment.
- the invention also features a method including printing an aggregate print job, 0 cutting the aggregate print job apart to form different discrete print jobs, automatically printing shipping labels for shipping the different discrete print jobs to different respective customers, and applying the labels to the different discrete print jobs in accordance with identifiers on the labels.
- the invention features a method including (a) providing different kinds of entry ports into a print job execution system, each of the entry ports enabling a user to create interactively a full color print job in accordance with a predefined design template, (b) at each of the ports, generating a digital print job file based 5 on the design template and design input of the user, all of the print job files being expressed in a standard design data format, (c) routing all of the digital print job files electronically to an aggregation system, (d) at the aggregation system, assembling selected ones of the digital print job files into aggregate print jobs, all of the aggregate print jobs being expressed in a standard prepress format, and (e) routing different ones o of the aggregate print j obs electronically to different printers for printing.
- the invention also features an apparatus that includes (a) web browsers configured for interactive design by users of discrete print jobs, (b) a central storage for information about the discrete print jobs that results from interaction with the users, (c) a scalable group of web servers that interact with the web browsers and with the central 5 storage, and (d) a scalable group of printing servers configured to aggregate the discrete print jobs into aggregate print jobs and deliver the aggregate print jobs electronically to printers.
- short run print jobs can be printed using high-quality, large-volume printing equipment, while reducing printing cost 0 significantly, improving print job quality as compared to alternative short run printing processes, and improving capacity utilization of the printing equipment.
- the printing cost is less than 10%, or even less than 5%, of the cost of printing an identical item using traditional short run printing techniques.
- Some implementations also provide a fast possible turnaround time from when the customer 5 places an order until the customer's print job is done, e.g., less than two hours, and allow queuing of print jobs so that expedited print jobs are printed first and lower priority print jobs are printed later.
- a large number of customers with short-run print jobs can be served by a relatively small number of industrial print subcontractors, to achieve end-to-end automation and aggregation of the print jobs.
- Each customer can design a print job directly on a web browser and, if desired, upload the customer's own graphics, e.g., a logo design.
- Use of the web browser based design capability can replace or enhance traditional methods of graphic design, in which a graphic designer translates a customer's sketch and/or verbal description into a finished design and provides one or more proofs for the customer's approval prior to printing.
- the invention allows the printing subcontractors' production floors to be organized and operated in a manner consistent with the best-in-class practices for high- volume, high quality publishing and packaging printers, despite the fragmented nature of the custom printing jobs involved.
- the invention also features a scalable systems architecture, to allow the systems of the invention to accommodate higher volumes of customers and/or printing jobs. Based on real time information provided by printers, order flow can be redirected to those printers who, at a given moment in time, have excess production capacity and are willing to sell that capacity at a price lower than their "fully loaded" production cost.
- Customer orders can consist of a variety of document types, layouts and quantities, for a potentially infinite range of order characteristics. Yet the traditionally high cost of managing this variability of order characteristics is reduced or eliminated through a conversion of the variability into a consistently formatted, repetitive stream of pre and post press digital information that is compatible with printing industry standards. Groups of customers (e.g., multiple customers within a single company) are able to share and centrally control common document characteristics (e.g., a template for a brochure layout or a busmess card design that is shared by multiple persons within the same company), while decentralizing individual purchase decisions, order entry and modifications to text or other variable elements within the documents.
- common document characteristics e.g., a template for a brochure layout or a busmess card design that is shared by multiple persons within the same company
- the web server host can modify the price, delivery, and product options that are offered to a given customer or set of customers. For instance, if excess production capacity will be available in the next several hours, printers may be willing to temporarily cut their wholesale price in order to fill the near-term capacity, and the web server host could, in response, immediately modify the offers displayed to customers via the Internet so as to increase demand.
- Figs. 1, IA, and IB are schematic block diagrams of a system according to one implementation of the mvention.
- Figs. IA and IB are the top and bottom halves, respectively, of one diagram.
- Figs. 2-2 A are schematic top views of layouts of print jobs.
- Fig. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating the designing of a print job on a web browser.
- Figs. 4-4 W are webpages accordmg to one implementation.
- Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing connection of elements of the system.
- Fig. 6 is a flow diagram of a printing and post-press process.
- Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showmg the farm configuration of servers in a system according to one implementation.
- Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a queue processing system.
- FIGs. 1, 1 A, and IB An implementation of a print job management system 10 is shown schematically in Figs. 1, 1 A, and IB.
- Customers can access the system tlirough any one of several different types of entry ports 15 into the print job management system, where some types of entry ports may be characterized by their economic and market characteristics.
- entry ports could include home office/small office computer entry ports 15 a, intermediary ports (such as boutique stationery stores) 15b, and large corporate entry ports 15c (such as a Communications Department of a large corporation).
- Other entry ports need not be based on web browsers, but could be, for example email links 15d and dial up voice telephone lines 15e.
- the system can also be integrated with bidding systems or "eHub" bidding sites such as Noosh, Impresse, Collabria and Ariba (eHub portals 15f).
- print job refers to an individual print job, such as a single design version of a brochure for a business in a given quantity such as 1000 brochures.
- order is used to refer to a group of print jobs that are ordered at the same time, such as a business card, letterhead, and envelopes for a business.
- individual print jobs could be part of a large corporate communication program that would include hundreds of different documents each bearing common graphic elements and custom text associated with each document.
- each customer can access a website 16, that includes a website studio 16a which provides design software that is made available from a central web server 18.
- the website studio which will be discussed in further detail below, allows each customer to design one or more custom printing jobs, e.g., busmess cards, brochures, postcards, folders, letterhead, and envelopes.
- the customer chooses from a limited selection of standardized papers, formats (provided to the user in the form of templates with user-specified data fields), colors and quantities.
- the website studio software is downloaded from the server as part of web pages displayed to the user, runs on the user's browser, and enables the user to perform simple design functions by completing a selected template using a Design Wizard, or more complex design functions using a Design Studio, locally on his browser.
- the results of the design process are uploaded to the server as a print job.
- the templates are created using an XML format or other appropriate format.
- a customer or a professional designer could generate his own template, using the website studio itself, or using desktop publishing software, and upload it to the server website studio.
- the data can be categorized as graphical print data 115 (in Fig. 1, graphical print job data 117, templates 119 and web studio software 121), and commercial print job data 123. Processing of this data is split into two pieces: what goes on between the customers and the system, shown in Fig. 1 A, and what goes on between the system and the printers, shown in Fig. IB. As shown in Fig. 1, there is storage at various points in the system to store the data. For example, some of it is stored in the customer's PC storage 111, some in the system's data storage 20/22, and some at the printer data storage 113.
- the system's data storage is shown in more detail in Fig. 1 A.
- the data input by a customer when an order is placed is stored in a central database 20 and/or a network storage 22, depending on the nature of the data, as will be discussed below.
- the network storage 22 stores all of the graphic files that define a print job, e.g., logos, fonts, backgrounds, layouts and frame designs, while the central database 20 stores, among other things, all of the non-graphical information, e.g., the text to be printed and the business mformation that is needed to get the jobs printed and delivered.
- the central database 20 also stores information regarding the customer, e.g., the customer's name and address, and stores the non-graphical elements of the website studio templates (the graphical elements that are stored in the network storage are referenced by the templates and document layouts).
- the customer places an order, e.g., using a Purchase Wizard 16b, as discussed below.
- the customer's print job is sent to the server in XML format, and the XML file is then converted by the server into a digital format, e.g., into a PostScript file 128 (Fig. IB).
- the backend printing servers 28 then automatically aggregate, or "gang together", the customer's PostScript file with multiple PostScript files from other customers to produce a consolidated print sheet (a "layout"). To achieve this, the backend servers assemble the individual
- PostScript files to create the layout 130 (Fig. IB), with different individual print jobs . arranged on respective portions of the layout.
- 133 different business card print jobs 50 of identical size could be aggregated into a layout and printed on a single large printing sheet 52, e.g., a large format printing sheet measuring 1.0 meter by 0.6 meter.
- different sizes and shapes of print jobs can be aggregated, e.g., as shown in Fig. 2A and discussed below.
- the organization of the different print jobs on the layout 130 is defined by aggregation templates that characterize where cuts need to be made after printing in order to separate the different print jobs. The choice of which print jobs to place onto a given layout and in what arrangement is discussed below.
- the commercial information related to the customer's order (e.g., the shipping address, shipping date, etc.) is stored in a customer information file 132 (Fig. IB).
- the customer information file 132 is aggregated with other customer's files (the same customers whose PostScript files have been aggregated onto the layout), to create an aggregate meta file 134 which contains all of the commercial information for the customers' print jobs.
- the aggregate meta file 134 also includes commercial information relating to the printing run, e.g., a batch number ("template layout reference number"), the number of sheets to be printed, and the cutting template to be used to cut the printed sheets into individual printed print jobs.
- the aggregate meta file is posted by the backend server to a website 136 that is accessible to printing firms 138 wishing to sell their printing services to the web server host.
- the aggregate meta file 134 includes the commercial details of the print run that will be performed using the PostScript layout file 130 (e.g., number of sheets, type of paper, and deadline).
- printing firms with unused capacity bid for a contract to print the print run Generally, the contract is automatically awarded to the bidder providing the most competitive bid based on predetermined criteria, e.g., lead time, quality, history, price or other factors.
- the successful bidder's contractual obligations, and the PostScript layout file and aggregate meta file are then transmitted by the backend server to that printing firm, e.g., to a server 32 located at the printing site.
- the PostScript layout file is converted at the printing facility 29, during RIPing (Raster Image Processing), to the color separated prepress format that is used by standard computer-to-plate systems that produce four-color photolithographic plates 110 (Fig. IB) for use on automated large scale offset printing presses 30.
- large scale offset printing presses we mean either (a) sheet-fed presses with sheet formats of 530x740 or larger and straight printing rates of 12,000 sheets per hour or higher, or (b) web presses with roll widths of 20 inches or higher and printing rates of 40,000 iph (inches per hour).
- Large scale offset printing presses include, e.g., Heidelberg ,
- the server 32 provides a browser interface for use by people who operate the printing presses ("print operators"). Information about how to set up and perform each of the print runs is provided in a simple format to the print operators through the browser interface, as discussed below.
- the plates are used to print a desired number of copies on a standard printing paper that is loaded by the print operator using standard four-color process inks, based on meta file information that is provided by the backend printing server to the operator on a web-browser based computer display 32 at the operator's station.
- the printed sheets are then transferred to a cutting station 140 (Fig.
- Most customers "pre-pay” e.g., provide their credit card billing information
- Some corporate customers may be invoiced.
- the customer's credit card is not debited until after the customer's order has been shipped.
- the backend printing server sends a meta file 144 back to the web server after a shipment has been made, informing the web server of the status of each customer's order.
- the backend server interacts with a processing center 146 so that the customer's account will be debited, or, in the case of a corporate customer, sends the corporation an invoice. 5
- the website studio allows the customer to design his own print job, using the browser for design selection and editing.
- the website studio uses a user-friendly "what you see is what you get" (“WYSIWYG”) functionality that allows the customer to choose a base design for a desired printed item (e.g., business card or stationery), and then edit the design.
- WYSIWYG user-friendly "what you see is what you get”
- the functionality is similar to that of existing desktop word processing publishing products, making the website easy for most customers to use. As shown in Fig.
- FIG. 4A that allows the customer to choose between horizontal and vertical cards
- a Template Browser screen (Fig. 4B) that allows the customer to choose between a variety of different design templates (not shown)
- an Information screen Fig. 4C
- Review screens (Figs. 4D and 4E) that allow the customer to review the front and back of the resulting business card.
- the customer can decide to (a) go back and edit the card, (b) go to the Checkout (the Purchase Wizard described below), or (c) go to the Design Studio to perform more complicated design functions (e.g., changing fonts and color schemes).
- a Design Studio used in one implementation of the invention is shown in Figs.
- the file should have a relatively high resolution, e.g., at least 300 dpi. Most standard graphics file types are supported.
- the customer's graphic o file is stored in network storage 22, and is referenced by the XML file created by the customer in the website studio and added to the PostScript file for the customer's print job when the PostScript file is created.
- the website studio is designed for use by customers who have no graphic arts experience or specialized software knowledge, e.g., small business owners who want to "do it all" and workers in companies whose goal is to update information, such as the company address or telephone number, prior to ordering or reordering printed materials.
- the web server provides a full toolset that is compatible with leading desktop publishing software such as Quark Express and Adobe InDesign software.
- a print job can be designed by a graphic artist, using professional desktop publishing software, and then uploaded to the web server for distributed access to other users at the customer 0 company.
- the print jobs are arranged spatially on the master, rather than in chronological order.
- several types of items can be aggregated and arranged on a single layout, e.g., postcards, invitations and business cards.
- the layout can include business cards 50, postcards 53 and invitations 55. If any of the aggregated print jobs are to be printed on both sides, the entire layout will be printed on both sides, with blank areas for any print jobs that are printed only on one side.
- Some items, e.g., envelopes generally cannot be aggregated with other types of items because of their specific post-press processing requirements.
- Aggregation may be performed in accordance with one of a number of standard aggregation templates, as noted above, or can be done "on the fly", in any arrangement that will fit within the bounds of the paper sheet to be printed.
- the prepress aggregation module a rules-based program, aggregates print jobs by scanning the Ordered Items table of the central database and searching for items (print jobs) that have the same printing requirements, e.g., the same delivery date, paper grade, and post press processing requirements. Scanning generally continues until enough print jobs have been located to fill a layout of a given size.
- the XML files corresponding to the selected print jobs are then pulled from the Document Table, converted to PostScript files and aggregated, as discussed above.
- Figs. IB and 6 there are several steps that take place after a print run. These steps include cutting, post-forming (in some cases), sorting, packing and shipping. These steps are described in detail below.
- Print jobs that are part of an order can be held until other print 0 jobs that are part of the same order (e.g., envelopes) are ready.
- the different parts of a customer's order may be printed at different printers, in which case they will be shipped separately.
- shipments may also be tracked and customers informed of the location/status of their orders.
- a marker is placed between each print job and the following print job. This can be accomplished, for example, by using a heavy, brightly colored cardboard sheet as the template, resulting in a brightly colored, sturdy marker at the top of each stack of printed items in a given order. The stacks of items can then be stacked and set aside, or transferred directly to the envelope folding and gluing machine and left there until there are a sufficient number of sheets to operate the machine.
- the system will generally include more than one web server to accommodate a very large volume of users. For example, for volumes of up to around 2 million visits a month, the browser-based processing of the system allows for a small, dedicated print- processing server farm of fewer than 5 servers. The system may be scaled to accommodate many times this amount of visits simply by adding more servers.
- the load is split between the available servers, so that if more servers are needed either due to overloading of the system or due to a server breaking down the load will continue to be split proportionally among the servers after one is added, removed or replaced.
- the web site is configured so that a printer will only see information pertaining to layouts that could be printed by that printer (i.e., the printer will not see information pertaining to layouts that are in a format that is larger than the format the printer's press can accommodate.)
- Implementations of the invention involve a division of the characteristics (and especially the costs) of the printing product into two major groups: the commodity aspects and costs; and the informational (or custom) aspects and costs.
- the commodity aspects and costs are those that are deliberately forced to be non- varying among all of the print jobs. These include papers, inks and depreciation. Only a relatively small set of different papers may be permitted which reduces the cost of the paper to a bare minimum. Only standard process inks may be permitted, which similarly reduces ink costs to a bare minimum. Finally, printing equipment costs (including depreciation expense) are also in the nature of a commodity across the many jobs that are to be printed. The goal is to reduce these costs to the bare minimum that would be achieved were the presses to be run at full capacity and with zero setup time. The costs are driven toward tins result by using techniques that reduce the setup time to a bare minimum and give the printer equipment owners a medium for easily filling essentially all of their unused capacity.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
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AU2001231078A AU2001231078A1 (en) | 2000-01-25 | 2001-01-23 | Managing print jobs |
JP2001555345A JP5025063B2 (en) | 2000-01-25 | 2001-01-23 | Managing print jobs |
EP01903233A EP1259887A4 (en) | 2000-01-25 | 2001-01-23 | Managing print jobs |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR0000931A FR2804231B1 (en) | 2000-01-25 | 2000-01-25 | CENTRALIZED PRINTING OF LOW-VOLUME COMMERCIAL DOCUMENTS ON MACHINES PREVIOUSLY LIMITED TO VERY LARGE PRINTS |
FR00/00931 | 2000-01-25 | ||
US09/557,571 | 2000-04-25 | ||
US09/557,571 US6650433B1 (en) | 2000-01-25 | 2000-04-25 | Managing print jobs |
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WO2001055869A1 true WO2001055869A1 (en) | 2001-08-02 |
WO2001055869A9 WO2001055869A9 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
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PCT/US2001/002165 WO2001055869A1 (en) | 2000-01-25 | 2001-01-23 | Managing print jobs |
Country Status (5)
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US (7) | US7133149B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1259887A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001231078A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2398171C (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001055869A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20040006522A1 (en) | 2004-01-08 |
US20040008369A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
US6992794B2 (en) | 2006-01-31 |
CA2398171A1 (en) | 2001-08-02 |
EP1259887A4 (en) | 2003-08-13 |
US20040008371A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
US6976798B2 (en) | 2005-12-20 |
WO2001055869A9 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
US20040000246A1 (en) | 2004-01-01 |
US20040003342A1 (en) | 2004-01-01 |
US20040046788A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
US8732003B2 (en) | 2014-05-20 |
AU2001231078A1 (en) | 2001-08-07 |
CA2398171C (en) | 2016-04-05 |
US7495796B2 (en) | 2009-02-24 |
EP1259887A1 (en) | 2002-11-27 |
US7133149B2 (en) | 2006-11-07 |
US7145670B2 (en) | 2006-12-05 |
US20040008370A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
US7187465B2 (en) | 2007-03-06 |
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