WO2001076513A1 - Dynamic fusion mechanostat devices - Google Patents

Dynamic fusion mechanostat devices Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001076513A1
WO2001076513A1 PCT/US2001/010323 US0110323W WO0176513A1 WO 2001076513 A1 WO2001076513 A1 WO 2001076513A1 US 0110323 W US0110323 W US 0110323W WO 0176513 A1 WO0176513 A1 WO 0176513A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fusion device
fusion
strain range
strain
approximately
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/010323
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
John R. Pepper
Original Assignee
Howmedica Osteonics Corp.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Howmedica Osteonics Corp. filed Critical Howmedica Osteonics Corp.
Priority to AU2001247908A priority Critical patent/AU2001247908A1/en
Publication of WO2001076513A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001076513A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
    • A61F2/4455—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/28—Bones
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
    • A61F2/442—Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/28—Bones
    • A61F2002/286—Bone stimulation by mechanical vibrations for enhancing ossification
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30003—Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis
    • A61F2002/3006—Properties of materials and coating materials
    • A61F2002/30062—(bio)absorbable, biodegradable, bioerodable, (bio)resorbable, resorptive
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30535—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30565—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for having spring elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30621—Features concerning the anatomical functioning or articulation of the prosthetic joint
    • A61F2002/30622—Implant for fusing a joint or bone material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2210/0004—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof bioabsorbable
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S606/00—Surgery
    • Y10S606/907—Composed of particular material or coated
    • Y10S606/908—Bioabsorbable material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to dynamic bone fusion devices and associated techniques and, more particularly, to such fusion devices and associated techniques for effecting optimal spinal fusion.
  • the success rates of fusion depend on a variety of factors including the location and types of bones to be fused, and the techniques and devices used. There currently does not exist specific available data and correlating guidelines on the types of devices and techniques that, for a given set of parameters, provides ideal or optimum strain or loading conditions to initiate and sustain high success rate dynamic fusion. Nor does there currently exist specific available data for identifying ideal strain and loading conditions for vertebral dynamic fusion.
  • the present invention is directed to dynamic fusion devices, such as spinal implant devices for vertebral fusion, that are selected within the parameters of available data and modeling to determine optimum ranges of strain and loading for initiating and sustaining highly successful rates of fusion.
  • dynamic fusion devices such as spinal implant devices for vertebral fusion
  • various available data for a variety of fusion cases has been analyzed and is used as a basis for modeling the fusion conditions of vertebrae.
  • data available from intra medullary nail systems is used with beam deflection principles to arrive at stiffness constants and applicable strain conditions for ideal states in which high fusion success rates are likely.
  • Fig. 1 is a table illustrating bone fusion strain ranges and corresponding ossification characteristics.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic, side view of an intervertebral dynamic fusion device implanted between adjacent vertebrae according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a table illustrating strain properties associated with typical bone fusion devices.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic, side view of an intervertebral dynamic fusion device implanted between adjacent vertebrae and having absorbable stiffening elements according to the present invention.
  • An active zone for achieving successful rates of bone fusion is generally in the range of 0.0008 - 0.002 unit bone surface strain.
  • 2 Microstrains of 1700 have been used to perform studies on cell response to mechanical stimuli.
  • 3 Differences in mediators at rates of 200, 400 and 1000 microstrain have been observed.
  • 4 Data from tests applying a spatially uniform biaxial strain (1.3% applied strain) have been analyzed. 5
  • the strain-related variable which had the greatest influence on every remodeling parameter investigated was the ratio between the maximum strain rate of the artificial regime and the maximum strain rate during walking, or ambulation. The variation in this ratio accounts for approximately 70%-80% of the variation in the measurement of surface bone deposit.
  • a schematic spring element (12) represents the stiffiiess constant element.
  • Fig.3 Shown in Fig.3, is a strain graph for various commercially available products including pedicle screws, vertebral implant cages, and long bone rods. Also included is the strain for a typical vertebral disc. As shown, the existing vertebral implants are outside of the target range of 0.5-15% strain, and certainly outside of the optimal range of 4-8%.
  • the target or optimal ranges may be achieved by selecting dynamic fusion device materials and geometries that, together with physical parameters of the patient, create the ideal strain conditions identified above.
  • a dynamic fusion device (10) for implanting between adjacent vertebrae (14, 16) to be fused can be provided with compressive spring characteristics (12) along a vertical axis.
  • performance may be enhanced with features that initially maintain the stiffness of the device and gradually reduce overall stiffness.
  • polylactic acid inserts (18) designed to absorb after a predetermined time may be used to bolster the dynamic fusion device, adding stiffness and gradually reducing overall stiffness. Such a feature will, in appropriate instances, withhold excessive loading while ossification initiates and, after a desired period, increase the loading.

Abstract

A dynamic bone fusion device for facilitating fusion between bone sections, particularly vertebrae, is selected having certain stiffness to induce specific strain conditions associated with high success rates in bone fusion. Temporary stiffeners that are absorbable by the body may be implemented with the fusion device.

Description

DYNAMIC FUSION MECHANOSTAT DEVICES
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to dynamic bone fusion devices and associated techniques and, more particularly, to such fusion devices and associated techniques for effecting optimal spinal fusion.
BACKGROUND OF THE 1NVENΗON
It is known generally that, according to Wolffs law, every change in the form and function of a bone, or in its function alone, is followed by certain definite changes in its internal architecture and secondary alterations in its external conformation.1 Based on this principle and others, dynamic bone fusion devices and procedures are designed to simulate strain conditions in which compressive forces are applied to the junction of bone segments to be fused, thereby initiating and sustaining fusion.
The success rates of fusion depend on a variety of factors including the location and types of bones to be fused, and the techniques and devices used. There currently does not exist specific available data and correlating guidelines on the types of devices and techniques that, for a given set of parameters, provides ideal or optimum strain or loading conditions to initiate and sustain high success rate dynamic fusion. Nor does there currently exist specific available data for identifying ideal strain and loading conditions for vertebral dynamic fusion.
Stedman's Medical Dictionary, 2^ Ed., 1995 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide devices and associated techniques for initiating and sustaining optimum dynamic bone fusion procedures and, particularly, such procedures for vertebral fusion. These objects and others are achieved by the present invention described herein.
The present invention is directed to dynamic fusion devices, such as spinal implant devices for vertebral fusion, that are selected within the parameters of available data and modeling to determine optimum ranges of strain and loading for initiating and sustaining highly successful rates of fusion. In summary, various available data for a variety of fusion cases has been analyzed and is used as a basis for modeling the fusion conditions of vertebrae. Specifically, data available from intra medullary nail systems is used with beam deflection principles to arrive at stiffness constants and applicable strain conditions for ideal states in which high fusion success rates are likely.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a table illustrating bone fusion strain ranges and corresponding ossification characteristics.
Fig. 2 is a schematic, side view of an intervertebral dynamic fusion device implanted between adjacent vertebrae according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a table illustrating strain properties associated with typical bone fusion devices.
Fig. 4 is a schematic, side view of an intervertebral dynamic fusion device implanted between adjacent vertebrae and having absorbable stiffening elements according to the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Applying Wolffs Law and analyzing data from various studies on bone mechanostat reaction to various strain rates, the present invention dynamic fusion device and its properties can be modeled. An active zone for achieving successful rates of bone fusion is generally in the range of 0.0008 - 0.002 unit bone surface strain.2 Microstrains of 1700 have been used to perform studies on cell response to mechanical stimuli.3 Differences in mediators at rates of 200, 400 and 1000 microstrain have been observed.4 Data from tests applying a spatially uniform biaxial strain (1.3% applied strain) have been analyzed.5
The highest strains were observed during distraction osteogenesis. Average maximum cyclic strains within the distraction zone during ambulation were estimated to be between 14% and 15%, and supported using fluoroscope imaging. These strains are higher than would be expected in spinal fusion, and thus serve as a high end limit for modeling.6 Magnitudes of local strain are indicative of the type of fracture healing.7 As shown in Fig. 1, up to 4% strain had more osteoblast proliferation than non-strained bone. Intramembranous bone formation was found for strains smaller than approximately 5% and small hydrostatic pressure. Strains less than 15% and hydrostatic pressure more than 0.15 MPa stimulated endochondral ossification. Larger strains led to connective tissue.8
The strain-related variable which had the greatest influence on every remodeling parameter investigated was the ratio between the maximum strain rate of the artificial regime and the maximum strain rate during walking, or ambulation. The variation in this ratio accounts for approximately 70%-80% of the variation in the measurement of surface bone deposit.9
As a result of test data analysis and modeling using basic beam deflection equations for medullar nail systems, it is determined that the best range of strain for initiating and sustaining vertebral fusion between adjacent vertebrae for a dynamic fusion device (10) implanted between adjacent vertebrae (14, 16) as shown schematically in Fig. 2, is 4-8%. Depending on other various factors including patient condition, the range
1337-47
Figure imgf000004_0001
may be expanded to 2-10% and, in less critical instances 0.5 - 15%. A schematic spring element (12) represents the stiffiiess constant element.
Shown in Fig.3, is a strain graph for various commercially available products including pedicle screws, vertebral implant cages, and long bone rods. Also included is the strain for a typical vertebral disc. As shown, the existing vertebral implants are outside of the target range of 0.5-15% strain, and certainly outside of the optimal range of 4-8%.
The target or optimal ranges may be achieved by selecting dynamic fusion device materials and geometries that, together with physical parameters of the patient, create the ideal strain conditions identified above. As shown schematically in Fig. 4, a dynamic fusion device (10) for implanting between adjacent vertebrae (14, 16) to be fused can be provided with compressive spring characteristics (12) along a vertical axis. Optionally, performance may be enhanced with features that initially maintain the stiffness of the device and gradually reduce overall stiffness. For example, polylactic acid inserts (18) designed to absorb after a predetermined time may be used to bolster the dynamic fusion device, adding stiffness and gradually reducing overall stiffness. Such a feature will, in appropriate instances, withhold excessive loading while ossification initiates and, after a desired period, increase the loading.
While the preferred embodiment has been herein disclosed, it is understood and acknowledged that variation and modification to the preferred embodiment may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

CLAIMS WHAT IS CLATMRn TS-
1. A dynamic bone fusion device for dynamically supporting compressive forces between two adjacent bone portions to be fused, said device comprising a spring element adapted to generally linearly oppose said compressive forces, said spring element having a spring constant selected to create a strain range between said adjacent bone portions, said strain range being approximately 4-8%.
2. A fusion device according to claim 1, wherein said strain range is approximately 2-10%.
3. A fusion device according to claim 1, wherein said strain range is approximately 1/2-15%.
4. A fusion device according to claim 1, fiirther comprising a temporary stiffening element adapted to cooperate with said fusion device to enhance its stiffness in the direction of said compressive forces, said stiffening element being absorbable into a body of a patient after a predetermined time period.
5. An intervertebral dynamic bone fusion device for dynamically supporting compressive forces between two adjacent vertebrae to be fused, said device comprising a spring element adapted to generally linearly oppose said compressive forces, said spring element having a spring constant selected to create a strain range between said adjacent bone portions, said strain range being approximately 4-8%.
6. A fusion device according to claim 5, wherein said strain range is approximately 2-10%.
7. A fusion device according to claim 5, wherein said strain range is approximately 1/2-15%.
8. A fusion device according to claim 5, further comprising a temporary stiffening element adapted to cooperate with said fusion device to enhance its stiffness in the direction of said compressive forces, said stiffening element being absorbable into a body of a patient after a predetermined time period.
PCT/US2001/010323 2000-04-10 2001-03-29 Dynamic fusion mechanostat devices WO2001076513A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US09/545,949 US6395033B1 (en) 2000-04-10 2000-04-10 Dynamic fusion mechanostat devices
US09/545,949 2000-04-10

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