WO2001085279A1 - Analog controls for remote controllers - Google Patents
Analog controls for remote controllers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001085279A1 WO2001085279A1 PCT/US2000/029909 US0029909W WO0185279A1 WO 2001085279 A1 WO2001085279 A1 WO 2001085279A1 US 0029909 W US0029909 W US 0029909W WO 0185279 A1 WO0185279 A1 WO 0185279A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electronic device
- display
- analog
- pressure
- depressible surface
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04G—ELECTRONIC TIME-PIECES
- G04G21/00—Input or output devices integrated in time-pieces
- G04G21/08—Touch switches specially adapted for time-pieces
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- A63F13/00—Video games, i.e. games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04G—ELECTRONIC TIME-PIECES
- G04G21/00—Input or output devices integrated in time-pieces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
- G06F1/1601—Constructional details related to the housing of computer displays, e.g. of CRT monitors, of flat displays
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
- G06F1/1613—Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers
- G06F1/1626—Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers with a single-body enclosure integrating a flat display, e.g. Personal Digital Assistants [PDAs]
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
- G06F1/1613—Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers
- G06F1/1633—Constructional details or arrangements of portable computers not specific to the type of enclosures covered by groups G06F1/1615 - G06F1/1626
- G06F1/1662—Details related to the integrated keyboard
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- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/033—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor
- G06F3/0338—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor with detection of limited linear or angular displacement of an operating part of the device from a neutral position, e.g. isotonic or isometric joysticks
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- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/033—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor
- G06F3/0354—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor with detection of 2D relative movements between the device, or an operating part thereof, and a plane or surface, e.g. 2D mice, trackballs, pens or pucks
- G06F3/03548—Sliders, in which the moving part moves in a plane
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- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/033—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor
- G06F3/0354—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor with detection of 2D relative movements between the device, or an operating part thereof, and a plane or surface, e.g. 2D mice, trackballs, pens or pucks
- G06F3/03549—Trackballs
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- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
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- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0484—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range
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- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
- G06F3/0489—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using dedicated keyboard keys or combinations thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
- H01H13/70—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
- H01H13/70—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard
- H01H13/702—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard with contacts carried by or formed from layers in a multilayer structure, e.g. membrane switches
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
- H01H13/70—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard
- H01H13/78—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard characterised by the contacts or the contact sites
- H01H13/785—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard characterised by the contacts or the contact sites characterised by the material of the contacts, e.g. conductive polymers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- A63F13/00—Video games, i.e. games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions
- A63F13/20—Input arrangements for video game devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- A63F13/00—Video games, i.e. games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions
- A63F13/20—Input arrangements for video game devices
- A63F13/21—Input arrangements for video game devices characterised by their sensors, purposes or types
- A63F13/218—Input arrangements for video game devices characterised by their sensors, purposes or types using pressure sensors, e.g. generating a signal proportional to the pressure applied by the player
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- A63F13/00—Video games, i.e. games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions
- A63F13/25—Output arrangements for video game devices
- A63F13/28—Output arrangements for video game devices responding to control signals received from the game device for affecting ambient conditions, e.g. for vibrating players' seats, activating scent dispensers or affecting temperature or light
- A63F13/285—Generating tactile feedback signals via the game input device, e.g. force feedback
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- A63F13/00—Video games, i.e. games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions
- A63F13/90—Constructional details or arrangements of video game devices not provided for in groups A63F13/20 or A63F13/25, e.g. housing, wiring, connections or cabinets
- A63F13/92—Video game devices specially adapted to be hand-held while playing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- A63F2300/00—Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game
- A63F2300/10—Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game characterized by input arrangements for converting player-generated signals into game device control signals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- A63F2300/00—Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game
- A63F2300/10—Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game characterized by input arrangements for converting player-generated signals into game device control signals
- A63F2300/1037—Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game characterized by input arrangements for converting player-generated signals into game device control signals being specially adapted for converting control signals received from the game device into a haptic signal, e.g. using force feedback
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- A63F2300/00—Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game
- A63F2300/10—Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game characterized by input arrangements for converting player-generated signals into game device control signals
- A63F2300/1056—Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game characterized by input arrangements for converting player-generated signals into game device control signals involving pressure sensitive buttons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- A63F2300/00—Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game
- A63F2300/20—Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game characterised by details of the game platform
- A63F2300/204—Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game characterised by details of the game platform the platform being a handheld device
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- A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- A63F9/00—Games not otherwise provided for
- A63F9/24—Electric games; Games using electronic circuits not otherwise provided for
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/20—Pc systems
- G05B2219/23—Pc programming
- G05B2219/23033—Variable pressure on key gives input value
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- G06F2200/16—Indexing scheme relating to G06F1/16 - G06F1/18
- G06F2200/161—Indexing scheme relating to constructional details of the monitor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01H2201/00—Contacts
- H01H2201/022—Material
- H01H2201/032—Conductive polymer; Rubber
- H01H2201/036—Variable resistance
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- H01H2215/00—Tactile feedback
- H01H2215/004—Collapsible dome or bubble
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01H2215/00—Tactile feedback
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- H01H2215/006—Only mechanical function
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- H01H2221/012—Joy stick type
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Definitions
- the present invention involves an electronic device including a combination of a electronic visual display in or on a housing, electronic circuitry in the housing, and at least one analog sensor comprising a finger or thumb depressible surface with associated analog pressure- sensitive element.
- the analog pressure-sensitive element is for output of a signal of variable value utilized by the circuitry to control or manipulate one or more functions of the electronic device.
- the resultant control manipulation from the analog sensor is in some manner indicated or displayed on the display at least at the time the user is pressing the depressible surface, thereby the human user is provided data related to a new state or setting brought about, or in the process of being brought about, by manipulating the variable value of the analog sensor through controlled varied amounts of finger pressure applied to the depressible surface of the analog sensor. Based upon the feedback on the display, the user may terminate, increase or decrease the finger pressure on the depressible surface of the analog sensor.
- the present invention is an electronic device, which may take many forms as herein disclosed, but all including a combination of a electronic visual display in or on a housing, electronic circuitry in the housing, and including at least one human user depressible surface with associated analog pressure- sensitive element for output of a signal of variable value utilized by the circuitry to control or manipulate a function (s) of the device.
- the at least one analog pressure-sensitive element receives pressure applied by a user's finger (the word finger or fingers or digit can be herein used to include the thumb) to the depressible surface, varied pressure applied by the user determines varied value of the signal, and this allows the user to select rates of change, the rate of change in some way being displayed on the display to allow the user to choose more or less pressure, or to terminate pressure on the finger depressible surface.
- the resultant control manipulation from the analog variable value is in some manner indicated or made visually detectable as feedback on the display at least at the time the analog sensor is being depressed, and this to allow the intelligent application of finger pressure by the user to the analog sensor.
- Some examples of functions which can be manipulated, controlled or changed, and at variable rates dependant upon user applied pressure include menus or lists displayed on telephones, television program menus and the like, numeric settings such as related to time, temperature or number of units, such as number of copies to be made by a photocopy machine for example .
- Some additional examples of electronic devices described in accordance with the invention include desktop displays, hand-held game systems, personal digital assistants (PDA) , electronic books, wireless web browsers, time display clocks / watches, cooking ovens, pagers, remote controller such as used with TVs stereos, etc., and coffee makers all with displays.
- the displays can be CRT, non-CRT, LCD, LED or any other suitable type and in many applications are seven- element numeric displays such as are commonly used to display number of units or time.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electronic device including a combination of an electronic visual display in or on a housing, electronic circuitry in the housing, and at least one analog sensor comprising a finger or thumb depressible surface with associated analog pressure-sensitive element for output of a signal of variable value utilized by the circuitry to manipulate one or more functions of the electronic device at varied rates, the manipulation in some manner indicated on the display at least at the time the user is pressing the depressible surface, thereby the human user is provided data allowing the intelligent increase, decrease or termination of the finger pressure to effect a rate of change.
- Fig. 1 shows an exploded view of a 2-way analog rocker as may be employed with the invention.
- Fig. 2 shows an exploded view of a 4-way analog rocker as may be employed with the invention.
- Fig. 3 shows a block diagram in accordance with the invention having a general image display.
- Fig. 4 shows a block diagram in accordance with the invention having a two digit seven segment numeric display.
- Fig. 5 shows a block diagram in accordance with the invention having a three digit seven segment numeric time display.
- Fig. 6 shows a hand holdable remote controller in accordance with the present invention, including buttons of individual type and 2-way and 4-way type.
- Figs. 3-5 show various diagrams of general image displays that may be utilized with a variety of consumer electronic devices, such as a remote controller having a feedback screen, and having a housing 11, a display 22 associated with housing 11, i.e. mounted on or in the housing 11, and at least one analog sensor 26 having a depressible surface area associated with the display.
- Analog sensors 26 can be ganged in 2-way and 4-way units such as rockers 14, 16 and 18, or can be in single button or surface form such as shown at 19 in some of the drawings.
- the analog sensor 26 in a preferred structure has a pressure-sensitive variable-conductance material for providing a variable signal varying with differing amounts of user finger applied pressure, however, the associated circuitry can be structured to additionally read a rapid press and release on the sensor as a momentary-On used to supply a single increment signal, e.g., single step numeric increase/decrease or scroll up/down.
- associated circuitry such as a microcontroller,- reading the time of charge or discharge of a capacitor as determined by the conductivity of the analog sensor material .
- Fig. 1 shows an exploded view of a 2-way analog rocker 14 or 16 as may be employed in embodiments of the invention as an analog sensor 26. Shown is a circuit board 40 with exposed interdigitated circuit traces 44 as a common, 42, 46 as outs or switch legs; two "pills" or disks of pressure- sensitive variable-conductance material 38; two rubber-dome caps 36 positioned beneath a 2-way rocker member 30.
- the 2- way rocker member 30 has a first depressible surface 32 and a second depressible surface 34. Each finger depressible surface 32, 34 for functioning by depression with the shown respective dome-caps 36, pills 38 and the circuit traces 42, 44, 46.
- Fig. 2 shows an exploded view of a 4-way analog rocker 18 as may be employed in the embodiments of the current invention. Shown is a circuit board 40 with exposed circuit traces indicated at 62 for four sensors 26.
- pressure-sensitive variable-conductance pills or elements 38 Also shown are four pressure-sensitive variable-conductance pills or elements 38; a 4-way rubber-dome cap unit 56 with each of the 4 dome caps 60 support by base 58 over a "pill" or disk of pressure-sensitive variable-conductance material 38; and a 4-way rocker member having a first surface 48, a second surface 50, and third surface 52, and a fourth depressible surface 54.
- Each surface for functioning by depression with the shown respective dome-caps 60, pills 38 and circuitry 62 of the board 40 This disclosure discloses that which can be viewed from numerous points, but clearly herein described are improved methods, structures, and also methods of manufacturing in accordance with the present invention.
- Figs. 3-5 show block diagrams in accordance with the invention. Illustrated is a housing 11 containing two sensors 26, one sensor 26 having depressible surface 80 and the other sensor 26 having depressible surface 82. The sensors 26 are connected to circuitry 53 connected to a display 22. Also illustrated is a box representing a human user 72 with the user's eye 74 receiving visual feedback from display 22. The visual feedback received by the eye 74 at least in part influences the depressive pressure exerted by the user's finger 76 against sensor 26 which in turn is read by circuitry 53 which controls the visual feedback displayed on display 22, thus a closed loop feedback system is established in which the user 72 receives immediate feedback concerning the control of the electronic device according to the invention. The state of circuitry 53, as controlled by the user, can control other functions 78 of the electronic device.
- Fig. 3 shows display 22 as a general image display.
- the general image display 22 includes an upper area and a lower area, thus a user may scroll data at varying rates from the lower area to the upper area by pressing surface 80, and from the upper area to the lower area by pressing surface 82.
- Fig. 4 shows display 22 having two seven segment numeric displays 28, thus the user may select numbers at a variable rate by varying depression on sensors 26. For example, such selection may be for number of copies to be made by a photocopy machine, temperature setting of a thermostat, channel number on a television and the like.
- Depression of surface 80 is arranged in this example to cause a variable rate of ascending numbers according to the level of depressive pressure applied to surface 80.
- Depression of surface 82 is arranged in this example to cause a variable rate of descending numbers according to the level of depressive pressure applied to surface 82.
- Fig. 5 shows display 22 having three seven segment numeric displays 28 as are commonly used in time displays.
- the user may select at a variable rate, numbers representing timing, by varying depression on sensors 26.
- depression of surface 80 is arranged in this example to cause a variable rate of ascending numbers representing time according to the level of depressive pressure applied to surface 80
- depression of surface 82 is arranged in this example to cause a variable rate of descending numbers according to the level of depressive pressure applied to surface 82
- surfaces 80 and 82 can be arranged to control hours and minutes individually.
- Clearly a clock can be greatly advantaged by ascending and descending sensors 26 for both hours and minutes adjustments .
- Fig. 6 shows a hand holdable remote controller 6 in accordance with the present invention.
- a hand holdable remote controller is a device that is utilized to control a local parent device from a distance that is within the operable signal range of the remote controller,- such as for example, a TV, radio, VCR, DVD, game console, garage door or the like.
- Shown is a housing 11 and a display 22 mounted within the housing 11.
- buttons 19 and 20 are shown at the right adjacent the 4-way rocker.
- a mix of analog sensors and simple switches can be applied as desired in any of the illustrated embodiments,- hybrids, combinations or modifications of the embodiments shown herein.
- the present electronic devices utilize analog sensors and circuitry for reading at least three readable states, analog values or conductance levels of each of the analog sensors; the states, values, levels or the like may be or can be varied voltages or currents (example only) , and are varied dependant upon depressive pressure applied to a finger depressible button associated with each analog sensor.
- the associated circuitry is structured to read an immediate, instant or current state or value of the analog sensors and to communicate representative control signals.
- the at least three states of the active element can represent at least: 1) no pressure, 2) low pressure, and 3) high pressure applied to the depressible surface by the human user's finger or thumb (digit), the 3 level equating to rates of change.
- the analog sensor and circuitry arrangement can be employed in a manner wherein not just three but many states are read, thus ensuring high resolution reading of a variably changing depressive button pressure input.
- many different user determinable rates are provided between low and high pressure on the associated button so that the user is provided, for example, very slow, slow, medium, fast and very fast change rates.
- variable change rate control dependant upon the degree of depressive pressure he or she applies to the button associated with the analog sensor (s) which is indicated or made visually detectable on the display at least at the time the analog sensor is being depressed, and this to allow the intelligent application of finger pressure by the user to the analog sensor. Based on the information shown on the associated display,- the user can choose to increase, decrease or terminate finger pressure on the analog sensor.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
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AU2001220403A AU2001220403A1 (en) | 2000-05-10 | 2000-10-30 | Analog controls for remote controllers |
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US09/568,662 US6347997B1 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2000-05-10 | Analog controls housed with electronic displays |
US09/568,662 | 2000-05-10 |
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WO2001085279A1 true WO2001085279A1 (en) | 2001-11-15 |
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PCT/US2000/029909 WO2001085279A1 (en) | 2000-05-10 | 2000-10-30 | Analog controls for remote controllers |
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- 2000-10-30 US US09/699,854 patent/US6469691B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-30 AU AU2001220403A patent/AU2001220403A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-30 US US09/699,853 patent/US6559831B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
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US6469691B1 (en) | 2002-10-22 |
US6347997B1 (en) | 2002-02-19 |
AU2001220403A1 (en) | 2001-11-20 |
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US20020055384A1 (en) | 2002-05-09 |
US6518953B1 (en) | 2003-02-11 |
US6529185B1 (en) | 2003-03-04 |
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