WO2002005900A2 - Method and apparatus for managing golf related information obtained in part by using impulse radio technology - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for managing golf related information obtained in part by using impulse radio technology Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002005900A2 WO2002005900A2 PCT/US2001/022650 US0122650W WO0205900A2 WO 2002005900 A2 WO2002005900 A2 WO 2002005900A2 US 0122650 W US0122650 W US 0122650W WO 0205900 A2 WO0205900 A2 WO 0205900A2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
- A63B71/06—Indicating or scoring devices for games or players, or for other sports activities
- A63B71/0619—Displays, user interfaces and indicating devices, specially adapted for sport equipment, e.g. display mounted on treadmills
- A63B71/0669—Score-keepers or score display devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
- A63B24/0003—Analysing the course of a movement or motion sequences during an exercise or trainings sequence, e.g. swing for golf or tennis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
- A63B24/0003—Analysing the course of a movement or motion sequences during an exercise or trainings sequence, e.g. swing for golf or tennis
- A63B24/0006—Computerised comparison for qualitative assessment of motion sequences or the course of a movement
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
- A63B24/0021—Tracking a path or terminating locations
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B55/00—Bags for golf clubs; Stands for golf clubs for use on the course; Wheeled carriers specially adapted for golf bags
- A63B55/60—Wheeled carriers specially adapted for golf bags
- A63B55/61—Wheeled carriers specially adapted for golf bags motorised
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
- A63B71/06—Indicating or scoring devices for games or players, or for other sports activities
- A63B71/0619—Displays, user interfaces and indicating devices, specially adapted for sport equipment, e.g. display mounted on treadmills
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
- A63B24/0003—Analysing the course of a movement or motion sequences during an exercise or trainings sequence, e.g. swing for golf or tennis
- A63B24/0006—Computerised comparison for qualitative assessment of motion sequences or the course of a movement
- A63B2024/0012—Comparing movements or motion sequences with a registered reference
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
- A63B24/0021—Tracking a path or terminating locations
- A63B2024/0025—Tracking the path or location of one or more users, e.g. players of a game
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
- A63B24/0021—Tracking a path or terminating locations
- A63B2024/0028—Tracking the path of an object, e.g. a ball inside a soccer pitch
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
- A63B24/0021—Tracking a path or terminating locations
- A63B2024/0056—Tracking a path or terminating locations for statistical or strategic analysis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
- A63B71/06—Indicating or scoring devices for games or players, or for other sports activities
- A63B71/0619—Displays, user interfaces and indicating devices, specially adapted for sport equipment, e.g. display mounted on treadmills
- A63B71/0622—Visual, audio or audio-visual systems for entertaining, instructing or motivating the user
- A63B2071/0625—Emitting sound, noise or music
- A63B2071/0627—Emitting sound, noise or music when used improperly, e.g. by giving a warning
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
- A63B71/06—Indicating or scoring devices for games or players, or for other sports activities
- A63B2071/0691—Maps, e.g. yardage maps or electronic maps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2102/00—Application of clubs, bats, rackets or the like to the sporting activity ; particular sports involving the use of balls and clubs, bats, rackets, or the like
- A63B2102/32—Golf
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
- A63B2220/10—Positions
- A63B2220/12—Absolute positions, e.g. by using GPS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
- A63B2220/10—Positions
- A63B2220/13—Relative positions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
- A63B2220/10—Positions
- A63B2220/14—Geo-tagging, e.g. for correlating route or track location data with specific information related to that specific location
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
- A63B2220/20—Distances or displacements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
- A63B2220/70—Measuring or simulating ambient conditions, e.g. weather, terrain or surface conditions
- A63B2220/78—Surface covering conditions, e.g. of a road surface
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2225/00—Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment
- A63B2225/20—Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment with means for remote communication, e.g. internet or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2225/00—Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment
- A63B2225/50—Wireless data transmission, e.g. by radio transmitters or telemetry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B57/00—Golfing accessories
- A63B57/505—Hole information stands, e.g. tee-boxes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B2001/6908—Spread spectrum techniques using time hopping
Definitions
- the present invention relates in general to golfing and, in particular, to a method and apparatus capable of managing golf related information that was obtained in part by using impulse radio technology.
- GPS Global Positioning System
- Today InFOREtech and VXT are two companies that are marketing mobile GPS units for use in golf. However, neither of these mobile GPS units are small enough to be conveniently carried by a golfer. In addition, these mobile GPS units only provide the golfer with a rough approximation of the distance between the GPS unit and the golf pin or green.
- the golf cart-mounted GPS units are basically an all or nothing proposition. For instance, if the golf cart breaks down the GPS unit is out of commission, and if the GPS unit breaks down the golf course is not likely to take the golf cart out of commission so the golfer will not be able to use an operable GPS unit.
- the golf cart-mounted GPS units only work ' on golf courses that use golf carts. Thus, the golf cart-mounted GPS units offer little flexibility to the golfers and the golf courses.
- GPS units suffer from certain well known inaccuracies attributable to atmospheric alterations and an inability to communicate with GPS satellites through trees and buildings.
- Selective authority was a government-controlled way of making GPS based technology inaccurate for defense purposes.
- GPS has inherent inaccuracies which must be offset, for use on a golf course, with a correction signal received from a base station located on the golf course or from another satellite.
- GPS units that receive this correction signal still generate an inaccurate measurement that may be off 5 or more meters and the golf pin may be off the same thus doubling the potential for providing the golfer with an inaccurate distance.
- To date there is nothing that can be done to compensate for atmospheric alterations which are an inherent problem with GPS based technology.
- GPS based technology suffers from a highly unreliable infrastructure because GPS units require that at least two separate signals be received at all times to remain operable. Yet another problem with GPS units is that they provide a very limited amount of information to the golfer and only the golfer. The information generally provided to the golfer is a rough approximation of the distance between the golf ball and the golf pin, which is usually of interest to the golfer and of no interest to the golf course or anybody else for that matter.
- the present invention includes an apparatus, system and method all of which overcome the shortcomings of traditional positioning systems by utilizing impulse radio technology to obtain golf related information that can be used by one or more users. For instance, golfers may use the golf related information to help them make informed decisions while playing golf on the golf course. And, golf trainers can use the golf related information associated with a golfer to help that golfer to improve their game. In addition, golf course personnel can use the golf related information to help manage and increase the profitability of the golf course. Moreover, golf businesses can use the golf related information to help them verify the accuracy of advertising claims made by their competitors. These are just some of the uses and advantages of the present invention.
- FIG. 1A illustrates a representative Gaussian Monocycle waveform in the time domain.
- FIG. IB illustrates the frequency domain amplitude of the Gaussian Monocycle of Fig. 1A.
- FIG. 2A illustrates a pulse train comprising pulses as in Fig. 1A.
- FIG. 2B illustrates the frequency domain amplitude of the waveform of Fig. 2A.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the frequency domain amplitude of a sequence of time coded pulses.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a typical received signal and interference signal.
- FIG. 5A illustrates a typical geometrical configuration giving rise to multipath received signals.
- FIG. 5B illustrates exemplary multipath signals in the time domain.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a representative impulse radio transmitter functional diagram
- FIG. 7 illustrates a representative impulse radio receiver functional diagram.
- FIG. 8A illustrates a representative received pulse signal at the input to the correlator.
- FIG. 8B illustrates a sequence of representative impulse signals in the correlation process.
- FIG. 8C illustrates the output of the correlator for each of the time offsets of Fig. 8B.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating the basic components of a system of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary golf course incorporating the system of FIG. 9.
- FIG. 11A is a diagram illustrating in greater detail an exemplary handheld apparatus of the system of FIG.9.
- FIG. 11B is a diagram illustrating in greater detail an exemplary large screen apparatus of the system of FIG.9.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the type of score card that can be generated by a base station of the system of FIG. 9.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating the basic steps of an exemplary method for obtaining and managing golf related information in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating in greater detail an obtaining step of the method shown in FIG. 13, wherein a user of the golf related information is a golfer.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating in greater detail a providing step of the method shown in FIG. 13, wherein a user of the golf related information is a golfer.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating in greater detail a providing step of the method shown in FIG. 13, wherein a user of the golf related information is a golf trainer.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating in greater detail a providing step of the method shown in FIG. 13, wherein a user of the golf related information is golf course personnel.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating in greater detail a providing step of the method shown in FIG. 13, wherein a user of the golf related information is in the golf business.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating the basic steps of an exemplary method for generating revenue by providing golf related information to at least one user in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart illustrating the basic steps of an exemplary method for increasing the profitability of a golf course in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a block diagram illustrating the interaction between a golf course and driving range in accordance with the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
- the present invention includes a system, apparatus and method each of which is capable of managing a variety of golf related information some of which was obtained by using impulse radio technology.
- impulse radio technology to obtain golf related information is a significant improvement over traditional GPS positioning system. This significant improvement is attributable, in part, to the type and detail of golf related information now obtainable with the aid of an emerging, revolutionary ultra wideband technology (UWB) called impulse radio communication technology (also known as impulse radio) .
- UWB ultra wideband technology
- Impulse radio was first fully described in a series of patents, including U.S. Patent Nos. 4,641,317 (issued February 3, 1987), 4,813,057 (issued March 14, 1989), 4,979,186 (issued December 18, 1990) and 5,363,108 (issued November 8, 1994) to Larry W. Fullerton.
- a second generation of impulse radio patents include U.S. Patent Nos. 5,677,927 (issued October 14, 1997) tp Fullerton et al; and 5,687,169 (issued November 11, 1997) and 5,832,035 (issued November 3, 1998) to Fullerton. These patent documents are incorporated herein by reference.
- This section is directed to technology basics and provides the reader with an introduction to impulse radio concepts, as well as other relevant aspects of communications theory.
- This section includes subsections relating to waveforms, pulse trains, coding for energy smoothing and channelization, modulation, reception and demodulation, interference resistance,
- Impulse radio refers to a radio system based on short, low duty cycle pulses.
- An ideal impulse radio waveform is a short Gaussian monocycle. As the name suggests, this waveform attempts to approach one cycle of radio frequency (RF) energy at a desired center frequency. Due to implementation and other spectral limitations, this waveform may be altered significantly in practice for a given application. Most waveforms with enough bandwidth approximate a Gaussian shape to a useful degree.
- RF radio frequency
- Impulse radio can use many types of modulation, including AM, time shift (also referred to as pulse position) and M-ary versions.
- the time shift method has simplicity and power output advantages that make it desirable.
- the time shift method is used as an illustrative example.
- the pulse-to- pulse interval can be varied on a pulse-by-pulse basis by two components : an information component and a pseudo-random code component.
- an information component e.g., a digital signal processor
- a pseudo-random code component e.g., a pseudo-random code component
- conventional spread spectrum systems make use of pseudo-random codes to spread the normally narrow band information signal over a relatively wide band of frequencies.
- a conventional spread spectrum receiver correlates these signals to retrieve the original information signal.
- the pseudo-random code for impulse radio communications is not necessary for energy spreading because the monocycle pulses themselves have an inherently wide bandwidth. Instead, the pseudo-random code is used for channelization, energy smoothing in the frequency domain, resistance to interference, and reducing the interference potential to nearby receivers.
- the impulse radio receiver is typically a direct conversion receiver with a cross correlator front end in which the front end coherently converts an electromagnetic pulse train of monocycle pulses to a baseband signal in a single stage.
- the baseband signal is the basic information signal for the impulse radio communications system. It is often found desirable to include a subcarrier with the baseband signal to help reduce the effects of amplifier drift and low frequency noise.
- the subcarrier that is typically implemented alternately reverses modulation according to a known pattern at a rate faster ' than the data rate. This same pattern is used to reverse the process and restore the original data pattern just before detection.
- This method permits alternating current (AC) coupling of stages, or equivalent signal processing to eliminate direct current (DC) drift and errors from the detection process. This method is described in detail in U.S. Patent No. 5,677,927 to Fullerton et al .
- each data bit typically time position modulates many pulses of the periodic timing signal. This yields a modulated, coded timing signal that comprises a train of identically shaped pulses for each single data bit.
- the impulse radio receiver integrates multiple pulses to recover the transmitted information.
- Impulse radio refers to a radio system based on short, low duty cycle pulses.
- the resulting waveform approaches one cycle per pulse at the center frequency.
- each pulse consists of a burst of cycles usually with some spectral shaping to control the bandwidth to meet desired properties such as out of band emissions or in-band spectral flatness, or time domain peak power or burst off time attenuation.
- Fig. 1A This waveform is representative of the transmitted pulse produced by a step function into an ultra-wideband antenna.
- the basic equation normalized to a peak value of 1 is as follows: r- ( t ⁇ ⁇
- ⁇ is a time scaling parameter
- t is time
- fmono (t) is the waveform voltage
- e is the natural logarithm base.
- the center frequency (f c ), or frequency of peak spectral density is: 1
- pulses may be produced by methods described in the patents referenced above or by other methods that are known to one of ordinary skill in the art. Any practical implementation will deviate from the ideal mathematical model by some amount. In fact, this deviation from ideal may be substantial and yet yield a system with acceptable performance. This is especially true for microwave implementations, where precise waveform shaping is difficult to achieve.
- These mathematical models are provided as an aid to describing ideal operation and are not intended to limit the invention. In fact, any burst of cycles that adequately fills a given bandwidth and has an adequate on-off attenuation ratio for a given application will serve the purpose ' of this invention.
- Impulse radio systems can deliver one or more data bits per pulse; however, impulse radio systems more typically use pulse trains, not single pulses, for each data bit. As described in detail in the following example system, the impulse radio transmitter produces and outputs a train of pulses for each bit of information.
- Figs. 2A and 2B are illustrations of the output of a typical 10 Mpps system with uncoded, unmodulated, 0.5 nanosecond (ns) pulses 102.
- Fig. 2A shows a time domain representation of this sequence of pulses 102.
- Fig 2B which shows 60 MHz at the center of the spectrum for the waveform of Fig. 2A, illustrates that the result of the pulse train in the frequency domain is to produce a spectrum comprising a set of lines 204 spaced at the frequency of the 10 Mpps pulse repetition rate.
- the envelope of the line spectrum follows the curve of the single pulse spectrum 104 of Fig. IB.
- the power of the pulse train is spread among roughly two hundred comb lines. Each comb line thus has a small fraction of the total power and presents much less of an interference problem to receiver sharing the band.
- impulse radio systems typically have very low average duty cycles resulting in average power significantly lower than peak power.
- the duty cycle of the signal in the present example is 0.5%, based on a 0.5 ns pulse in a 100 ns interval.
- Fig. 3 is a plot illustrating the impact of a pseudo-noise (PN) code dither on energy distribution in the frequency domain (A pseudo-noise, or PN code is a set of time positions defining the pseudo-random positioning for each pulse in a sequence of pulses) .
- Fig. 3 when compared to Fig. 2B, shows that the impact of using a PN code is to destroy the comb line structure and spread the energy more uniformly. This
- the PN code also provides a method of establishing independent communication channels using impulse radio.
- PN codes can be designed to have low cross correlation such that a pulse train using one code will seldom collide on more than one or two pulse positions with a pulses train using another code during any one data bit time. Since a data bit may comprise hundreds of pulses, this represents a substantial attenuation of the unwanted channel.
- any aspect of the waveform can be modulated to convey information.
- Amplitude modulation, phase modulation, frequency modulation, time shift modulation and M-ary versions of these have been proposed. Both analog and digital forms have been implemented. Of these, digital time shift modulation has been demonstrated to have various advantages and can be easily implemented using a correlation receiver architecture.
- Digital time shift modulation can be implemented by shifting the coded time position by an additional amount (that is, in addition to PN code dither) in response to the information signal. This amount is typically very small relative to the PN code shift. In a 10 Mpps system with a center frequency of 2 GHz., for example, the PN code may command pulse position variations over a range of 100 ns; whereas, the information modulation may only deviate the pulse position by 150 ps.
- each pulse is delayed a different amount from its respective time base clock position by an individual code delay amount plus a modulation amount, where n is the number of pulses associated with a given data symbol digital bit.
- Modulation further smooths the spectrum, minimizing structure in the resulting spectrum.
- impulse radios are able to perform in these environments, in part, because they do not depend on receiving every pulse.
- the impulse radio receiver performs a correlating, synchronous receiving function (at the RF level) that uses a statistical sampling and combining of many pulses to recover the transmitted information.
- Impulse radio receivers typically integrate from 1 to 1000 or more pulses to yield the demodulated output.
- the optimal number of pulses over which the receiver integrates is dependent on a number of variables, including pulse rate, bit rate, interference levels, and range.
- the PN coding also makes impulse radios highly resistant to interference from all radio communications systems, including other impulse radio transmitters. This is critical as any other signals within the band occupied by an impulse signal potentially interfere with the impulse radio. Since there are currently no unallocated bands available for impulse systems, they must share spectrum with other conventional radio systems without being adversely affected.
- the PN code helps impulse systems discriminate between the intended impulse transmission and interfering transmissions from others .
- Fig. 4 illustrates the result of a narrow band sinusoidal interference signal 402 overlaying an impulse radio signal 404.
- the input to the cross correlation would include the narrow band signal 402, as well as the received ultrawide-band impulse radio signal 404.
- the input is sampled by the cross correlator with a PN dithered template signal 406. Without PN coding, the cross correlation would sample the interfering signal 402 with such regularity that the interfering signals could cause significant interference to the impulse radio receiver.
- the transmitted impulse signal is encoded with the PN code dither (and the impulse radio receiver template signal 406 is synchronized with that identical PN code dither) the correlation samples the interfering signals pseudo- randomly.
- the samples from the interfering signal add incoherently, increasing roughly according to square root of the number of samples integrated; whereas, the impulse radio samples add coherently, increasing directly according to the number of samples integrated.
- integrating over many pulses overcomes the impact of interference.
- Impulse radio is resistant to interference because of its large processing gain.
- processing gain which quantifies the decrease in channel interference when wide-band communications are used, is the ratio of the bandwidth of the channel to the bit rate of the information signal.
- a direct sequence spread spectrum system with a 10 kHz information bandwidth and a 10 MHz channel bandwidth yields a processing gain of 1000 or 30 dB.
- far greater processing gains are achieved with impulse radio systems, where for the same 10 kHz information bandwidth is spread across a much greater 2 GHz, channel bandwidth, the theoretical processing gain is
- V 2 to t is the total interference signal to noise ratio variance, at the receiver; N is the number of interfering users; ⁇ 2 is the signal to noise ratio variance resulting from one of the interfering signals with a single pulse cross correlation; and Z is the number of pulses over which the receiver integrates to recover the modulation.
- Multipath and Propagation One of the striking advantages of impulse radio is its resistance to multipath fading effects.
- Conventional narrow band systems are subject to multipath through the Rayleigh fading process, where the signals from many delayed reflections combine at the receiver antenna according to their seemingly random relative phases. This results in possible summation or possible cancellation, depending on the specific propagation to a given location. This situation occurs where the direct path signal is weak relative to the multipath signals, which represents a major portion of the potential coverage of a radio system. In mobile systems, this results in wild signal strength fluctuations as a function of distance traveled, where the changing mix of multipath signals results in signal strength fluctuations for every few feet of travel.
- Fig. 5A three propagation paths are shown.
- the direct path representing the straight line distance between the transmitter and receiver is the shortest.
- Path 1 represents a grazing multipath reflection, which is very close to the direct path.
- Path 2 represents a distant multipath reflection.
- elliptical (or, in space, ellipsoidal) traces that represent other possible locations for reflections with the same time delay.
- Fig. 5B represents a time domain plot of the received waveform from this multipath propagation configuration.
- This figure comprises three doublet pulses as shown in Fig. 1A.
- the direct path signal is the reference signal and represents the shortest propagation time.
- the path 1 signal is delayed slightly and actually overlaps and enhances the signal strength at this delay value. Note that the reflected waves are reversed in polarity.
- the path 2 signal is delayed sufficiently that the waveform is completely separated from the direct path signal. If the correlator template signal is positioned at the direct path signal, the path 2 signal will produce no response. It can be seen that only the multipath signals resulting from very close reflectors have any effect on the reception of the direct path signal.
- Impulse systems can measure distances to extremely fine resolution because of the absence of ambiguous cycles in the waveform.
- Narrow band systems are limited to the modulation envelope and cannot easily distinguish precisely which RF cycle is associated with each data bit because the cycle-to- cycle amplitude differences are so small they are masked by link or system noise. Since the impulse radio waveform has no multi-cycle ambiguity, this allows positive determination of the waveform position to less than a wavelength - potentially, down to the noise floor of the system.
- This time position measurement can be used to measure propagation delay to determine link distance, and once link distance is known, to transfer a time reference to an equivalently high degree of precision.
- An exemplary embodiment of an impulse radio transmitter 602 of an impulse radio communication system having one subcarrier channel will now be described with reference to Fig. 6.
- the transmitter 602 comprises a time base 604 that generates a periodic timing signal 606.
- the time base 604 typically comprises a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) , or the like, having a high timing accuracy and low jitter, on the order of picoseconds (ps) .
- VCO voltage controlled oscillator
- the voltage control to adjust the VCO center frequency is set at calibration to the desired center frequency used to define the transmitter's nominal pulse repetition rate.
- the periodic timing signal 606 is supplied to a precision timing generator 608.
- the precision timing generator 608 supplies synchronizing signals 610 to the code source 612 and utilizes the code source output 614 together with an internally generated subcarrier signal (which is optional) and an information signal 616 to generate a modulated, coded timing signal 618.
- the code source 612 comprises a storage device such as a random access memory (RAM) , read only memory (ROM), or the like, for storing suitable PN codes and for outputting the PN codes as a code signal 614. Alternatively, maximum length shift registers or other computational means can be used to generate the PN codes.
- An information source 620 supplies the information signal 616 to the precision timing generator 608.
- the information signal 616 can be any type of intelligence, including digital bits representing voice, data, imagery, or the like, analog signals, or complex signals.
- a pulse generator 622 uses the modulated, coded timing signal 618 as a trigger to generate output pulses.
- the output pulses are sent to a transmit antenna 624 via a transmission line 626 coupled thereto.
- the output pulses are converted into propagating electromagnetic pulses by the transmit antenna 624.
- the electromagnetic pulses are called the emitted signal, and propagate to an impulse radio receiver 702, such as shown in Fig. 7, through a propagation medium, such as air, in a radio frequency embodiment.
- the emitted signal is wide-band or ultrawide-band, approaching a monocycle pulse as in Fig. 1A.
- the emitted signal can be spectrally modified by filtering of the pulses. This filtering will usually cause each monocycle pulse to have more zero crossings (more cycles) in the time domain.
- the impulse radio receiver can use a similar waveform as the template signal in the cross correlator for efficient conversion.
- FIG. 7 An exemplary embodiment of an impulse radio receiver 702 (hereinafter called the receiver) for the impulse radio communication system is now described with reference to Fig. 7. More specifically, the system illustrated in Fig. 7 is for reception of digital data wherein one or more pulses are transmitted for each data bit.
- the receiver 702 comprises a receive antenna 704 for receiving a propagated impulse radio signal 706.
- a received signal 708 from the receive antenna 704 is coupled to a cross correlator or sampler 710 to produce a baseband output 712.
- the cross correlator or sampler 710 includes multiply and integrate functions together with any necessary filters to optimize signal to noise ratio.
- the receiver 702 also includes a precision timing generator 714, which receives a periodic timing signal 716 from a receiver time base 718. This time base 718 is adjustable and controllable in time, frequency, or phase, as required by the lock loop in order to lock on the received signal 708.
- the precision timing generator 714 provides synchronizing signals 720 to the code source 722 and receives a code control signal 724 from the code source 722.
- the precision timing generator 714 utilizes the periodic timing signal 716 and code control signal 724 to produce a coded timing signal 726.
- the template generator 728 is triggered by this coded timing signal 726 and produces a train of template signal pulses 730 ideally having waveforms substantially equivalent to each pulse of the received signal 708.
- the code for receiving a given signal is the same code utilized by the originating transmitter 602 to generate the propagated signal 706.
- the timing of the template pulse train 730 matches the timing of the received signal pulse train 708, allowing the received signal 708 to be synchronously sampled in the correlator 710.
- the correlator 710 ideally comprises a multiplier followed by a short term integrator to sum the multiplier product over the pulse interval.
- the output of the correlator 710 also called a baseband signal 712
- a subcarrier demodulator 732 which demodulates the subcarrier information signal from the subcarrier.
- the purpose of the optional subcarrier process, when used, is to move the information signal away from DC (zero frequency) to improve immunity to low frequency noise and offsets.
- the output of the subcarrier demodulator 732 is then filtered or integrated in a pulse summation stage 734.
- the pulse summation stage produces an output representative of the sum of a number of pulse signals comprising a single data bit.
- the output of the pulse summation stage 734 is then compared with a nominal zero (or reference) signal output in a detector stage 738 to determine an output signal 739 representing an estimate of the original information signal 616.
- the baseband signal 712 is also input to a lowpass filter 742 (also referred to as lock loop filter 742) .
- a control loop comprising the lowpass filter 742, time base 718, precision timing generator 714, template generator 728, and correlator 710 is used to generate a filtered error signal 744.
- the filtered error signal 744 provides adjustments to the adjustable time base 718 to time position the periodic timing signal 726 in relation to the position of the received signal 708.
- FIGS. 8A-8C illustrate the cross correlation process and the correlation function.
- Fig. 8A shows the waveform of a template signal.
- Fig. 8B shows the waveform of a received impulse radio signal at a set of several possible time offsets.
- Fig. 8C represents the output of the correlator (multiplier and short time integrator) for each of the time offsets of Fig. 8B.
- FIGS. 9-21 there are disclosed different embodiments of an exemplary system, preferred method and exemplary apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
- the present invention is described as using impulse radio technology, it should be understood that the present invention can be used with any type of ultra wideband technology, but is especially suited for use with time-modulated ultra wideband technology. Accordingly, the exemplary system, preferred method and exemplary apparatus should not be construed in a limited manner.
- the system 900 includes at least one apparatus 910 (e.g., handheld apparatus 910a, large screen apparatus 910b) , a base station 920 and at least one server 930 (e.g., database server 930a, food and beverage server 930b, and web site server 930c) and a kiosk 940 (optional) all of which are capable of providing multiple users with a wide range of golf related information.
- the golf related information is obtained not only from users (e.g., golfers, golf course employees) but also from impulse radio units including impulse radio transmitters and/or impulse radio receivers, see sections 11.11. and 11.12.
- Users of the golf related information include, for example, golfers, golf trainers, golf course personnel and golf businesses each of which is interested in obtaining different types of golf related information.
- a detailed description about the basic components of the system 900 is deferred pending a brief discussion about how different users can utilize the system 900.
- the apparatus 910 can provide golf related information such as where a golf ball is currently located by simply pressing a "mark-the-ball" button on the apparatus. Thereafter, the apparatus 910 including an impulse radio unit 912 can communicate with another impulse radio unit located in or near a golf pin and then determine and inform the golfer as to how far the golf ball is located from the golf pin.
- golf related information such as where a golf ball is currently located by simply pressing a "mark-the-ball" button on the apparatus.
- the apparatus 910 including an impulse radio unit 912 can communicate with another impulse radio unit located in or near a golf pin and then determine and inform the golfer as to how far the golf ball is located from the golf pin.
- a group of golfers may use one or more apparatuses 910 to keep their scores in real-time and display them in the form of a Leader Board.
- the golfers can program the apparatus 910 to track their scores according to the rules of their own game where hole 1 is worth 2 points for longest drive, hole 2 is worth 3 points for closest to the pin, hole 3 is worth 2 points for longest putt, overall 3 points for most fairways hit, overall 4 points for most greens hit in regulation, etc.
- the apparatus 910 is capable of calculating and displaying the scores and points of each golfer as they are playing golf.
- Another user of the golf related information can be a golf trainer.
- the golf trainer can review the golf related information associated with a particular golfer that was obtained during a round of golf to help identify any "weak" areas of that golfer' s game.
- the golf related information that would be of interest to the golf trainer can include, for example, the golf club number and type used for each golf shoot during a round, how far the golf ball was hit and how accurate each golf shoot was hit during the round.
- the golf trainer that is provided with precise data about a particular golfer can quickly identify what type of lessons would most likely help improve the game of that golfer.
- golf course personnel could use the golf related information to help manage and increase the profitability of the golf course.
- the golf related information that would be of interest to golf course personnel could include an indication where each golfer is located on the golf course at any given time. Knowing the location of each golfer and being able to calculate their speed of play can help the golf course personnel identify "slow" golfers. The golf course personnel can then ask these "slow" golfers to speed-up their play which would enable additional golfers to be on the golf course at any one time which would increase the profitability of the golf course.
- Still yet another user of the golf related information could be a business associated with the manufacturing, distributing and/or marketing of golf equipment.
- the golf business could use the golf related information to review data such as what number, type and make of clubs were used by golfer (s) to determine how the clubs actually performed for the golfer (s).
- the golf business can use the golf related information to verify the accuracy of advertising claims made by their competitors. It should be understood that the there are many other types of users that can utilize the golf related information that was obtained and managed in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 10 there is a diagram illustrating an exemplary golf course 1000 adapted to utilize the system 900 of FIG. 9.
- the golf course 1000 (shown with one golf hole and a clubhouse) includes a series of impulse radio units 1002 located at various positions throughout the golf course. Each impulse radio unit 1002 is capable of interacting with the impulse radio unit 912 located within apparatus 910
- impulse radio units 1002 and 912 communicate with one another using impulse radio technology that was described above with respect to
- the golf course 1000 has an impulse radio unit 1002a located at or near a golf pin 1004 (only one shown) .
- the impulse radio unit 1002a communicates with the apparatus 910 which, in turn, completes a distance calculation and informs the golfer as to what the distance "a" is between a golf ball 1006 and the golf pin 1004.
- the golfer would have normally had to interact with and inform the apparatus 910 as to the current position of the golf ball 1006 which is shown next to the apparatus.
- This interaction between the golfer and apparatus 910 could be done in any fashion such as, for example, depressing a "mark-the-ball" button on the apparatus 910 or using speech recognition technology. Since, the apparatus 910 can be handheld by the golfer then the current position of the apparatus and the golf ball 1006 are usually the same.
- the golf course 1000 also has at least one impulse radio unit 1002b located at or near a tee-off area 1008.
- the impulse radio unit 1002b communicates with the apparatus 910 which, in turn, completes a distance calculation and informs the golfer as to what the distance "b" is between the golf ball 1006 and the tee- off area 1008.
- the golfer would have normally had to interact with and inform the apparatus 910 as to the current position of the golf ball 1006.
- This interaction between the golfer and apparatus 910 could be done in any fashion such as, for example, depressing the "mark-the-ball” button on apparatus 910 or using speech recognition technology.
- the apparatus could automatically calculate and provide distance "b" to the golfer.
- the golfer may inform the apparatus 910 that he/she is playing from a particular tee 1008a, 1008b or 1008c which would enable the apparatus to determine the distance "b" between the golf ball 1006 and the impulse radio unit 1002b associated with that particular tee 1008a, 1008b or 1008c.
- the apparatus 910 can provide the golfer with an indication as to how far the golfer hit the golf ball, which was not hit from the tee-off area 1008. To calculate this distance, the apparatus 910 would need to remember the previous location of the golf ball 1006 and compare that information to the current location of the golf ball 1006.
- the golf course 1000 has an impulse radio unit 1002c located in or near a hazard 1010 which can include, for example, water, sand, rock(s) or tree(s).
- a hazard 1010 can include, for example, water, sand, rock(s) or tree(s).
- the impulse radio unit 1002c communicates with the apparatus 910 which, in turn, completes a distance calculation and informs the golfer as to what the distance "c" is between the golf ball 1006 and the hazard 1010. All of these distance calculations can occur in less than a second and can have an accuracy of +/- 2 centimeters to 1 inch.
- impulse radio units 1002d located along the perimeter of a golf hole which together can function like a radar and provide the apparatus 910 with golf related information indicating the trajectory that the golf ball 1006 traveled for a particular shot and/or the position at which the golf ball came to rest after being hit by the golfer.
- the apparatus 910 can store this information and display it for the golfer or any other user.
- the golf course 1000 may also have a plurality of beacon impulse radio units 1002e (only three shown) located at known positions throughout the golf course.
- the apparatus 910 can interact with one or more of the beacon impulse radio units 1002e to determine the position of the apparatus.
- the beacon impulse radio units 1002e interact with and provide the apparatus 910 with their reference points to enable the apparatus to triangulate and determine its position on the golf course 1000.
- the beacon impulse radio units 1002e can also function as relays to improve the robustness of communication on the golf course 1000.
- Each impulse radio unit 912, 1002a, 1002b, 1002c and 1002d can be powered in a variety of ways including, for example, battery power and solar power.
- the golfer can also interact with and input a variety of other golf related information into the apparatus 910.
- the golfer may provide the apparatus 910 with information such as what golf club was used for a particular shot, how many and which fairways were hit in regulation, how many and which greens were hit in regulation, and how many putts or penalties were taken On a particular golf hole.
- the apparatus 910 can store the golf related information provided by the golfer and relate this information with the golf related information that was obtained during the round of golf using the communications between the different impulse radio units 912, 1002a, 1002b, 1002c and 1002d.
- the apparatus 910 may have many different forms including, for example, a handheld apparatus 910a or a large screen apparatus 910b than can be mounted on a golf cart or utility cart 1012. Each apparatus 910 has the capability to communicate with other apparatuses 910, thus enabling a golfer to communicate with other golfers or golf course personnel while playing on the golf course.
- FIG. 11A there is illustrated in greater detail an exemplary handheld apparatus 910a.
- the handheld apparatus 910a also known as a caddy unit includes the impulse radio unit 912, a display 1102, a plurality of buttons 1104 (e.g., information, scroll, stroke, putt and penalty buttons) and a controller 1106.
- the impulse radio unit 912 is capable of performing many different functions including, for example, distance calculations, position calculations, radar operations and communication operations.
- the handheld apparatus 910a can be programmed to illustrate a wide range of golf related information to a user.
- the handheld apparatus 910a can be programmed such that the display 1102 simply shows in screen 1102a the layout of one of the golf holes.
- the handheld apparatus 910a can be programmed to divide the display 1102 into a plurality of screens 1102b, 1102c and 1102d.
- screen 1102b could illustrate golf related information such as the distance from the golf ball 1006 to the golf pin 1004 (e.g., distance "a").
- screen 1102c could illustrate golf related information such as advertisements (as shown) , weather reports or a copy of the menu.
- the apparatus 910 can include many other types of displays or screens that can provide a golfer with a wide- g range of golf related information.
- the handheld apparatus 910a functions as a non-intrusive tracking and data collection device that can provide benefits to three primary groups of users which include golf course personnel, golf trainers and golfers.
- the golf course personnel can utilize the handheld apparatus 910a to track assets such as carts, mowers, employees or golfers. From this ability to track these assets, golf course personnel can use back-end software to better manage and utilize their primary fixed asset which is the golf course.
- the handheld apparatus 910a is also capable of helping the golf course personnel to:
- the golf trainer can utilize the handheld unit
- the handheld apparatus 910a as a dynamic tool to drive revenue into the golf trainer's department.
- the handheld apparatus 910a is capable of helping the golf trainer to:
- the golfer can utilize the handheld unit 910a as a dynamic tool to improve their golf game.
- the handheld apparatus 910a is capable of helping the golfer to:
- the handheld apparatus 910a is designed to be easy and intuitive for the golfer to operate.
- the process of entering golf related data into the handheld apparatus 910a is such that the interaction flows with the normal processes of the game and has been simplified to the use of two or three buttons for most golfers. Golfers can be characterized as one of the following:
- the handheld apparatus 910a is flexible for mistakes and errors, it doesn't matter if a golfer forgets to press a button since he/she can simply press the button later.
- the handheld apparatus 910a can offer a club selection based on historical data. If the golfer elects to use the club suggested then no buttons need to be pushed. And, if the golfer used a different club then a simple scroll button can be used to indicate to the handheld apparatus 910a which club was used by the golfer.
- FIG. 11B there is illustrated in greater detail an exemplary large screen apparatus 910b that can be mounted on a piece of equipment including, for example, a golf cart or utility cart 1012.
- the apparatus 910b also known as a large screen mounted unit has the same capabilities as the handheld apparatus 910a with the differences being in the size of the display 1112 and the amount of software that can be stored therein (e.g., tractor/grounds maintenance software 1114 and course mapping software 1116) .
- the large screen apparatus 910b is also capable of communicating with and displaying much of the golf related data collected by the handheld apparatus 910a.
- the large screen apparatus 910b provides the golfer with a larger graphical depiction of the golf hole as well as a more robust leader board for tournament play. Again, the leader board displays the scores of different golfers that may be playing in a tournament or for fun with the golfer.
- the large screen apparatus 910b has a lot of flexibility and can perform a lot of functions including, allowing a foursome to use only one of these units, and performing tractor/grounds maintenance tasks as well as course mapping functions.
- the large screen apparatus 910b can be self-contained by obtaining power from a rechargeable battery or run off the cart 1012.
- An advantage of being self-contained is that the owner of the large screen apparatus 910b can lease these units to golf courses for a specific tournament or function.
- the handheld apparatus 910a can be an appendage to the large screen apparatus 910b or replace the large screen apparatus 910b and provide a semi fixed unit that is held in a cradle and can be removed by the golfer.
- the large screen apparatus 910b is capable of operating a large amount of software as compared to the handheld apparatus 910a.
- This additional software can include:
- ⁇ Tractor/Grounds maintenance software 1114 which can provide the golf course personnel with the ability to better control assets, such as tractors and mowers. For instance, because, the positioning capability of impulse radio technology is so accurate (to less than 1") an operator can control the path of the tractor which could help avoid dropping chemicals over areas already covered.
- the tractor/ground maintenance software 1114 can be beneficial to the golf course in that it may help: ⁇ Reduce the cost of chemicals and seed.
- Course mapping software 1116 can provide the golf course personnel with an accurate display of the topography of the golf course, hole by hole. For instance, architects can use this product when designing a golf course and builders can use this product when constructing the golf course. In addition, the course mapping software 1116 can be used to accurately map the topography of an existing golf course in order to identify ways to improve drainage and to direct the flow of traffic on the golf course.
- the base station 920 includes a processor 922 connected to a printer 924 that prints a score card 1014 (see FIG. 12 for an exemplary score card) that includes at least a portion of golf related information downloaded to the base station 920.
- the score card 1302 can illustrate a variety of golf related information including:
- the base station 920 forwards or downloads the golf related information to the server 930 (e.g., database server 930a) which can store all of the golf related information for that particular golfer and for other golfers.
- the server 930 e.g., web site server 930c
- the web site 1016 enables the golfer to view specific information about their golf game and also enables the golfer to compare their statistics with the statistics of other golfers (having the same handicap or age) that have played at that golf course 1000.
- the web site 1016 can provide the golfer with a wide-range of golf related information as follows:
- the web site 1016 can be designed such that it prompts the golfer to enter some details about their golfing experience, and their golf equipment including, for example, club make, club model, shaft type and head composite and golf ball type.
- This marketing information along with the other golf related information could be of interest to the golf course personnel and/or golf businesses that manufacture, distribute or market golf equipment. For instance, when the golfer enters the web site 1016 they could be prompted to let the golf course 1000 know how satisfied they were with their golfing experience.
- the web site 1016 could ask the golfer the following questions: • How was the pace of play?
- the golf course could use this information to quickly respond to any negative experiences of the golfer.
- the golfer when the golfer enters the web site 1016 they could be prompted to let the golf course 1000 know about their golf equipment including, for example, club make, club model, shaft type and head composite and golf ball type. This data could be compared to the golf related information associated with the distance and accuracy of that golfer's game. Of course, this information is important to club manufacturers and the public, and could have a profound effect on sales and marketing strategies of golf equipment manufacturers . Moreover, the web site 1016 could give the golfer an
- the web site 1016 could prompt the golfer to purchase software 1018 that organizes and retains some or all of the golf related information that was obtained during one or more rounds of golf played by that golfer.
- the software 1018 generally resides on a personal computer of the golfer.
- the software 1018 enables the golfer to view and compare golf related information obtained during several rounds of golf so that the golfer can identify problematic areas in their golf game.
- the software 1018 could also enable the golfer to replay a round of golf by showing the course layout and identifying where each shot landed on the golf course 1000.
- the amount of detail associated with the golf related information stored in the software can be as detailed as the golfer would like, for example, the software could show the actual line and result of each putt hit at each hole. In other words, the golfer could use the software 1018 to perform the following functions:
- the software 1018 could provide the golfer with the ability to pull his/her data off the web site 1016 and to maintain that data over a long period of time. This is important because the web site 1016 may only maintain that data for a predetermined amount of time. Since, the software maintains historical data a main function could be to provide the golfer with graphs showing improvements and trends in the golfer's game. It will also provide the golfer with a running depiction of each hole played on each course and could even replay the golfers round in 3D showing either the actual course or a 3D model. This may be especially appealing when golfers play a once in a lifetime course, such as, Pebble Beach.
- a five-step theft prevention plan includes the following actions: o Kiosk 940 informs the golfer that the handheld apparatus 910a is disabled outside the golf course 1000 and must be returned. o Golf course personnel obtain the name and phone number of the user of each handheld apparatus 910a.
- Handheld apparatus 910 instructs the golfer at the end of the round to go to the clubhouse and return the handheld apparatus 910a and pick up the score card 1014.
- Base station 920 does not generate the score card 1014 until the handheld apparatus 910a is returned to its cradle.
- Golf course personnel can contact the golfer associated with the missing handheld unit 910a if the golfer interacted with web site 1016.
- a three-phase alert plan can be initiated as follows: o Phase one is initiated as the handheld apparatus 901a approaches within 10 feet (for example) of a boundary or parking lot. A warning signal is emitted to tell the golfer that the handheld apparatus 910a must be returned to the clubhouse. o Phase two is initiated as the handheld apparatus passes the boundary or enters the parking lot. A loud-warning signal is emitted to tell the golfer that the handheld apparatus 910a must be returned to the clubhouse. o Phase three is initiated as the handheld apparatus has left the grounds of the golf course 1000. A piercing warning siren is emitted and the display will warn the golfer to return the handheld apparatus 910a to the clubhouse.
- a kiosk 940 may be provided near the clubhouse and operate to inform the golfer as to the capabilities of the apparatus 910.
- the kiosk 940 may continually play info ercials that perform the following tasks: • Inform the golfer as to what they may obtain using the apparatus 910 including: o Distance to the pin. o Distance to hazards. o Distance of previous shot. o Score. o Ability to connect foursomes in real-time play. o Enable golfer to create their own game. o Offer the golfer and the clubhouse with a means of communication, o Help golf course personnel to control pace of play. o Print score card at the end of the round. o Information about the web site 1016. o Information about the software.
- the preferred method 1300 includes step 1302 where some of the golf related information is obtained from a user (e.g., golfer) and some of the golf related information is obtained from a network of impulse radio units 912 and 1002 distributed throughout a golf course 1000.
- step 1304 at least a portion of the golf related information that was obtained in step 1302 is provided back to the same user and/or different users, when a user of the golf related information is a golfer.
- the golfer can interact with and input all types of golf related information into the apparatus 910 during a round of golf.
- the golfer provides the apparatus 910 with the same type of golf related information for each hole of golf played.
- the apparatus 910 receives an indication from the golfer as to what golf club was used for each golf shot.
- the apparatus 910 could receive an indication from the golfer as to whether a particular fairway was hit in regulation.
- the golfer may indicate to the apparatus 910 whether or not they where able to hit a particular green in regulation. Then at step 1408, the apparatus 910 may receive an indication from the golfer as to how many putts (if any) were needed on a particular hole. Also at step 1410, the golfer may indicate to the apparatus 910 whether or not any penalty strokes should be assessed on a particular hole. The golfer could also indicate to the apparatus 910, at step 1412, how many strokes should be assessed on a particular hole. Of course, the golfer is able to electronically record the golf related information that was obtained during a round of golf.
- the apparatus 910 could obtain some of this golf related information (e.g., number of fairways hit) through communications between the impulse radio units 912, 1002a, 1002b, 1002c and 1002d without having to communicate with the golfer.
- FIG. 15 there is flowchart illustrating in greater detail the providing step 1304 of method 1300 shown in FIG. 13 when a user of the golf related information is a golfer. As described above, the golfer can be provided with a variety of golf related information while playing a round of golf.
- the golfer can be provided with an indication from the apparatus 910 as to the distance "a" between a golf ball 1006 and the golf hole 1004 (see FIG. 10) .
- the golfer would normally have had to interact with and inform the apparatus 910 as to the current position of the golf ball 1006 which is shown next to the apparatus.
- This interaction between the golfer and apparatus 910 could be done in any fashion such as, for example, depressing a "mark-the- ball” button on the apparatus 910 or using speech recognition technology. Since, the apparatus 910 is usually handheld by the golfer then the current position of the apparatus and the golf ball 1006 are usually the same.
- the golfer can be provided with an indication from the apparatus 910 as to the distance "b" between the golf ball 1006 and a particular tee 1008a, 1008b or 1008c in the tee-off area 1008 (see FIG. 10) .
- the golfer Prior to receiving this type of golf related information and similar to step 1502, the golfer would normally have to interact with and inform the apparatus 910 as to the current position of the golf ball 1006. However, if the current position of the golf ball 1006 has already been determined, then the apparatus 910 would not have to recalculate the current position of the golf ball 1006.
- the apparatus 910 can provide the golfer with an indication as to how far the golfer hit the golf ball 1006.
- Step 1506 is different than step 1504, because the golf ball was not hit from the tee- off area 1008. To calculate this distance, the apparatus 910 would need to remember the previous location of the golf ball 1006 and compare that information to the current location of the golf ball.
- the golfer can be provided with an indication from the apparatus 910 as to the distance "c" between the golf ball 1006 and the hazard 1010 (see FIG. 10) .
- the golfer would normally have to interact with and inform the apparatus 910 as to the current position of the golf ball 1006 prior to receiving this type of golf related information.
- the apparatus 910 would not have to recalculate the current position of the golf ball. If the golfer desires, the apparatus 910 is capable of providing the golfer with multiple distances including distance "a", distance "b” and distance "c".
- the apparatus 910 can provide the golfer with an indication of the golfer's position with respect to the golf hole. To calculate this position, the apparatus 910 (located near the golfer) would need to interact with at least two beacon impulse radio units 1002e. Basically, the beacon impulse radio units 1002e interact with and provide the apparatus 910 with their reference points to enable the apparatus to triangulate and determine its position on the golf course 1000.
- the apparatus 910 can provide the golfer with an indication as to the trajectory that the golf ball traveled for a particular shot. This ability of 3D tracking of the golf ball may be in a limited area such as a driving range.
- the apparatus 910 can provide the golfer with an indication as to the position that the golf ball came to rest after being hit by the golfer.
- FIG. 16 there is flowchart illustrating in greater detail the providing step 1304 of method 1300 shown in FIG. 13 when a user of the golf related information is a golf trainer.
- the golf trainer could obtain all of the golf related information associated with a particular golfer that the apparatus 910 downloaded into the base station 920 or server 930. Then at step 1602, the golf trainer can review this golf related information which would enable the golf trainer to focus in on the type of lessons that may help improve the game of a golfer.
- FIG. 17 there is a flowchart illustrating in greater detail the providing step 1304 of method 1300 shown in FIG. 13 when a user of the golf related information is golf course personnel.
- the golf course personnel e.g., managers, rangers, starters and laborers
- system 900 may interact with system 900 and monitor the golf related information that was obtained by the system to help manage the basic operations of the golf course and increase the profitability of the golf course.
- the golf course personnel is likely to be interested in golf related information that is different than the type of golf related information that would interest a golfer or golf trainer.
- the golf course personnel may interact with the system 900 to monitor the current position of one or more golfers playing on the golf course 1000.
- each golfer would have to carry the apparatus 910 or some type of impulse radio unit 1002 that would enable the system 900 to track their current position.
- This type of golf related information is valuable to the golf course personnel, because it would enable the golf course personnel to speed up play which, in turn, would result in more rounds of golf being played on the golf course.
- the golf course personnel may receive an indication from the system 900 as to the current position of one or more employees working on the golf course 1000.
- each employee would have to carry the apparatus 910 or some type of impulse radio unit 1002 that would enable the system 900 to track their current position.
- This type of golf related information is valuable to the golf course personnel, because it would enable the golf course personnel to better monitor and control their labor costs.
- the golf course personnel may receive an indication from the system 900 as to the current position of each piece of equipment located on the golf course 1000.
- each piece of equipment would have to carry the apparatus 910 or some type of impulse radio unit 1002 that would enable the system 900 to track their current position.
- This type of golf related information is valuable to the golf course personnel, because it would enable the golf course personnel to better manage the use of their equipment. For example, the golf course personnel could keep track of the location of mowers and manage the distribution of chemicals from tractors.
- the golf course personnel may receive golf related information that would enable them to enhance the marketing of goods arid/or services to a golfer.
- the golf course personnel may receive golf related information that would enable them to enhance mapping and maintenance activities .
- the golf course personnel may monitor soil conditions by receiving golf related information from impulse radio units that interact with sensors in the soil.
- the golf course personnel may receive golf related information that would enable them to determine a location of a target (e.g., pin) and calculate a distance a golfer hits a golf ball with a particular golf club.
- a target e.g., pin
- the server 930 could provide golf businesses (e.g., golf equipment manufacturers) with golf related information including, for example, the type and make of the golf clubs used by particular golfers and how this equipment performed for those golfers.
- golf businesses e.g., golf equipment manufacturers
- golf related information including, for example, the type and make of the golf clubs used by particular golfers and how this equipment performed for those golfers.
- the golf business could use this golf related information to verify or update any advertising claims associated with the performance of a particular brand of golf equipment.
- the golf business may receive golf related information associated with the playing and purchasing habits of the golfers. In turn, the golf business may use this information in web site marketing activities.
- the preferred method 1900 includes step 1902 where the system 900 obtains some of the golf related information from a user (e.g., golfer) and some of the golf related information from a network of impulse radio units 912 and 1002 distributed throughout the golf course 1000.
- a user e.g., golfer
- a network of impulse radio units 912 and 1002 distributed throughout the golf course 1000.
- the golf course can provide (e.g., rent, lease) a golfer with an apparatus 910 capable of calculating additional golf related information using already obtained golf related information and further capable of displaying this calculated golf related information to the golfer.
- the golfer can carry the apparatus 910 onto the golf course 1000.
- the golf course 1000 can sell at least a portion of the golf related information to a golf business (e.g., marketing firm). More specifically, the golf related information that was downloaded to the server 910 could be formatted in a predetermined manner and sold to various types of golf businesses.
- a golf business e.g., marketing firm
- the golf course could sell advertising space to a buyer that can be used to display advertisements at the apparatus 910 or the web site 1016.
- the golf course could sell software to golfers.
- the software operates to organize and store the golf related information that is obtained during one or more rounds of golf that was played by a golfer.
- the golf course 1000 could provide a golfer with an apparatus 910 capable of using impulse radio technology to aid in determining a distance that a golf ball 1006 is located from a golf pin 1004. This would eliminate the need for the golfer to pace of distances when playing golf which would result in an increase in the speed of play of the golfer.
- the golf course 1000 could post a menu within the apparatus 910 while the golfer is playing on the golf course. This could increase the revenue to a golf course by enabling the golfers using the apparatus 910 to see and order from a displayed menu while still out on the golf course.
- the golfer may use the apparatus 910 to page a golf course employee and have them come by and sell them food or beverages while on the golf course.
- the golf course 1000 can increase the potential that the golfer is going to take lessons. Because, a golf trainer can review golf related information that was stored in the apparatus 910 while the golfer was playing golf on the golf course.
- the golf course 1000 can track where at least one employee is currently located on a golf course. Again, this type of information is valuable to the golf course, because it would enable the golf course personnel to better monitor and control their labor costs.
- the golf course 1000 can track where at least one piece of equipment is currently located on a golf course. Again, this type of information is valuable to the golf course personnel, because it would enable the golf course personnel to better manage the use of their equipment. For example, the golf course personnel could keep track of the location of mowers and manage the distribution of chemicals from tractors.
- the golf course 1000 can track where at least one golfer is currently located on a golf course. Again, this type of information is valuable to the golf course, because it would enable the golf course personnel to speed up play which, in turn, would result in more rounds of golf being played on the golf course.
- the golf course 1000 and the driving range 2102 may communicate by way of the Internet 2104. For instance, the golfer may visit a driving range 2102 including a system (similar to system 900) that has the ability to track the swing mechanics of the golfer and/or the ability to track the flight of a golf ball hit by the golfer.
- a golf trainer can help improve the game of the golfer by comparing (on the web site 1016) the golfer's swing mechanics to a professional's swing mechanics.
- the 3D ball tracking and 3D swing mechanics at the driving range 2102 may lead a golfer to a similar system 900 at the golf course 1000.
- the apparatuses 910a and 910b at the golf course 1000 could illuminate various weaknesses in the golfer's game which could lead the golfer back to the driving range 1202.
- impulse radio technology enables the apparatus 910 to communicate with the server 930 (e.g., Internet) at approximately 10 megabits per second.
- This high bandwidth means that full video could be wirelessly transmitted to and from the apparatus 910 located on a golf course 1000.
- a person could watch another golfer play golf from anywhere in the world via. the Internet.
- impulse radio technology supports communications, positioning and radar functionality while GPS based technology supports only positioning technology.
- Base station to mobile R F Base station to mobile R F link is
- the present invention provides a system, apparatus and method for providing golf related information to several types of users including, for example, a golfer, a golf trainer, a golf business and golf course personnel. Also, the methods disclosed enables golf course personnel to manage and increase the profitability of a golf course.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2001276978A AU2001276978A1 (en) | 2000-07-19 | 2001-07-18 | Method and apparatus for managing golf related information obtained in part by using impulse radio technology |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/619,295 | 2000-07-19 | ||
US09/619,295 US6705942B1 (en) | 2000-07-19 | 2000-07-19 | Method and apparatus for managing golf related information obtained in part by using impulse radio technology |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002005900A2 true WO2002005900A2 (en) | 2002-01-24 |
WO2002005900A3 WO2002005900A3 (en) | 2002-07-25 |
Family
ID=24481300
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2001/022650 WO2002005900A2 (en) | 2000-07-19 | 2001-07-18 | Method and apparatus for managing golf related information obtained in part by using impulse radio technology |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6705942B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001276978A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002005900A2 (en) |
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US6813526B1 (en) | 2001-08-13 | 2004-11-02 | William A. Dodd, Jr. | Fleet maintenance method |
WO2005032672A1 (en) * | 2003-10-01 | 2005-04-14 | Claassens Hendrik Jacques Bosh | Information system for golf players |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2002005900A3 (en) | 2002-07-25 |
AU2001276978A1 (en) | 2002-01-30 |
US6705942B1 (en) | 2004-03-16 |
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