WO2002007356A2 - Method of and system for the transfer of sonet traffic across a packet network - Google Patents
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- WO2002007356A2 WO2002007356A2 PCT/US2001/022081 US0122081W WO0207356A2 WO 2002007356 A2 WO2002007356 A2 WO 2002007356A2 US 0122081 W US0122081 W US 0122081W WO 0207356 A2 WO0207356 A2 WO 0207356A2
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- Prior art keywords
- sonet
- spe
- bridge
- sts
- packet
- Prior art date
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title description 9
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/04—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems for time-division multiplexing
- H04Q11/0428—Integrated services digital network, i.e. systems for transmission of different types of digitised signals, e.g. speech, data, telecentral, television signals
- H04Q11/0478—Provisions for broadband connections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J2203/00—Aspects of optical multiplex systems other than those covered by H04J14/05 and H04J14/07
- H04J2203/0001—Provisions for broadband connections in integrated services digital network using frames of the Optical Transport Network [OTN] or using synchronous transfer mode [STM], e.g. SONET, SDH
- H04J2203/0073—Services, e.g. multimedia, GOS, QOS
- H04J2203/0082—Interaction of SDH with non-ATM protocols
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J2203/00—Aspects of optical multiplex systems other than those covered by H04J14/05 and H04J14/07
- H04J2203/0001—Provisions for broadband connections in integrated services digital network using frames of the Optical Transport Network [OTN] or using synchronous transfer mode [STM], e.g. SONET, SDH
- H04J2203/0089—Multiplexing, e.g. coding, scrambling, SONET
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J2203/00—Aspects of optical multiplex systems other than those covered by H04J14/05 and H04J14/07
- H04J2203/0001—Provisions for broadband connections in integrated services digital network using frames of the Optical Transport Network [OTN] or using synchronous transfer mode [STM], e.g. SONET, SDH
- H04J2203/0089—Multiplexing, e.g. coding, scrambling, SONET
- H04J2203/0096—Serial Concatenation
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to telecommunications. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of and system for the transfer of SONET communications across a packet network.
- Synchronous Optical NETwork is a widely used standard for the transport of telecommunications traffic.
- SONET defines an optical based transmission hierarchy involving multiple optical carrier (OC) levels carrying digital synchronous transport signals (STSs).
- IP Internet Protocol
- packet switched networks such as Internet Protocol (IP) networks
- IP Internet Protocol
- packet switched network elements provide greater flexibility in the utilization of bandwidth.
- the present invention is directed to a method of and system for transferring Synchronous Optical NETwork (SONET) traffic across a packet network.
- a method includes the steps of reading a SONET transmission, decoding the SONET transmission into a data structure, converting the data structure into packets, and sending the packets across the packet network.
- the step of converting the data structure into packets includes extracting a synchronous payload envelope (SPE) from the data structure and compressing the extracted SPE, if possible.
- SPE synchronous payload envelope
- the step of converting the data structure into packets includes determining whether the data structure represents a slot of concatenated STS-Nc service; and if so, i) extracting a concatenated synchronous payload envelope (SPE-Nc) from the data structure, ii) fragmenting the SPE-Nc into a N SPE-1 payloads, and iii) concatenating each of the N SPE-1 payloads with a header.
- SPE-Nc concatenated synchronous payload envelope
- An advantage of the present invention is the capability to efficiently utilize bandwidth in the transfer of SONET traffic across the packet network.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional SONET communications infrastructure.
- FIG.2 is a block diagram of an exemplary communications infrastructure that provides SONET services across a packet network, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 A is a functional block diagram of an exemplary bridge according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG 3 B is an illustration of an exemplary packet, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGs .4- 8 are flowcharts illustrating an operational sequence according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is an illustration of an exemplary computer system.
- SONET is a hierarchical protocol for synchronously transporting time division multiplexed (TDM) circuits across an optical network.
- SONET uses a basic transmission rate of (Synchronous Transport Signal 1) STS-1 that is equivalent to 51.84 Mbps.
- STS-1 slots can be associated with different transmission rates.
- an STS-1 slot refers to a SONET slot transported at a rate of 51.84 Mbps.
- Higher level signals are integer multiples of the base rate.
- SONET slots can be divided into two main areas: transport overhead and the synchronous payload envelope (SPE).
- the transport overhead includes line overhead (LOH) and section overhead (SOH).
- LEO line overhead
- SOH section overhead
- the SPE is 783 bytes in length and includes two parts: the path overhead (POH) and the payload.
- POH path overhead
- the payload is the revenue-producing traffic being transported.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional SONET communications infrastructure 100.
- Conventional SONET communications infrastructure 100 includes a SONET backbone 102 and first and second nodes 104, 104'.
- SONET backbone 102 may be any type of SONET configuration, such as a SONET ring, a complex multi-point SONET mesh network, or any other type of configuration, as would be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art(s).
- First and second nodes 104, 104' are interfaces to SONET backbone 102, such as digital cross connect systems (DCCSs), or any other SONET interfaces, as would be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art(s).
- DCCSs digital cross connect systems
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary communications infrastructure 200 that provides SONET services across a packet network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Exemplary infrastructure 200 includes SONET backbones 102 and 102', bridges 202 and 202', and a packet network 204.
- SONET backbones 102 and 102' may be any type of SONET configuration.
- this SONET traffic may be bidirectional, and may include one or more STS slots, such as STS- 1 slots, structured slots (e.g., an STS-12 slot carrying two STS-3 slots and six STS-1 slots), and/or concatenated STS-Nc slots.
- Bridge 202 functions as a communications interface between SONET backbone 102 and packet network 204.
- bridge 202' functions as a communications interface between SONET backbone 102' and packet network 204. Further details regarding bridges 202 and 202' are described herein with reference to FIG. 3. In embodiments, bridges 202 and 202' have the same features and capabilities.
- Packet network 204 may be any packet communications network that is recognized by persons skilled in the relevant art(s).
- packet network 204 is an internet protocol (IP) network, such as the global Internet.
- IP internet protocol
- FIG. 3A is a functional block diagram of an exemplary bridge 202, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Exemplary bridge 202 includes a SONET decoder 302, a packetization module 304, and a memory (also referred to herein as a buffer) 306.
- SONET decoder 302 packetization module
- SONET decoder 302 receives and processes SONET transmissions. In addition, SONET decoder 302 sends data contained in these SONET transmissions, such as STS slots, to memory 306. SONET decoder 302 also notifies packetization module 304 that STS slots are available in memory 306 for decoding. In an embodiment, SONET decoder 302 performs this notification by communicating to packetization module 304 across module interconnection 310.
- Packetization module 304 retrieves one or more STS slots from memory
- packetization module 304 creates one or more packets (i.e., datagrams) 312 that correspond to these retrieved STS slot(s) .
- creation of packets 312 includes packetization module 304 extracting SPE(s) from these retrieved STS slot(s), and concatenating the extracted SPE(s) with one more headers.
- SONET decoder 302 strips LOH and SOH from STS slots, and send the corresponding SPE(s) to memory 306.
- packetization module 304 retrieves the SPE(s) from memory 306 and creates one or more packets 312 that correspond to these retrieved STS slot(s).
- Packetization module 304 also sends packets 312 across packet network 204.
- packetization module 304 additionally sends overhead information 316 across packet network 204.
- Overhead information 316 may enable packetization module 304 to perform functions such as guaranteeing certain qualities of service (QOS), reserving bandwidth on packet network 204, and ensuring proper delivery of packets 312.
- packetization module 304 sends packets 312 and overhead information 316 across packet network 204 to second bridge 202' (see FIG. 2).
- packetization module 304 may send these packets to other nodes that are connected to, or integral with, packet network 204. Examples of such nodes include monitoring services that provide operational debugging, and "wiretap" nodes that monitor transmissions. These nodes may be computers, servers, routers, and/or other network nodes, as would be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art(s).
- memory 306 is coupled to SONET decoder 302, and packetization module 304 through module interconnection 310.
- memory 306 includes aplurality of memory locations, each capable of storing a unit of data, such as a digital word. These memory locations, also referred to herein as memory addresses, are indexed sequentially.
- Module interconnection 310 enables bi-directional communications among SONET decoder 302, packetization module 304, and/or memory 306.
- module interconnection 310 may be an electronic bus that enables digital and/or electronic communication between electronic components.
- module interconnection 310 may be any type of interface that enables communication and/or transfer of information between software modules.
- FIG. 3B is an illustration of an exemplary packet 312, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Packet 312 includes a packet body 318 and a packet header 314.
- packetization module 304 creates packets 312 from STS slot(s) that it retrieves from memory 306.
- packet body 318 includes a portion of an SPE extracted from STS(s) contained in memory 306.
- packet body 318 includes one or more SPEs extracted from STSs contained in memory 306. Additionally, packet body 318 may include a portion, or segment, of an SPE.
- packet header 314 includes one or more header fields that contain information to facilitate transmission across packet network 204.
- An exemplary list of header fields is provided in Table 1.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an operational sequence according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- This operational sequence begins with a step 402.
- bridge 202 reads a SONET transmission 104 from SONET backbone 102.
- this step is performed by SONET decoder 302.
- bridge 202 decodes SONET transmission 104 into one or more data structures.
- these data structures are STS slots.
- Step 404 may be performed by SONET decoder 302 and may comprise the step of storing the one or more data structures in memory 306.
- a step 406 follows step 404.
- bridge 202 converts the one or more data strucrure(s) into packets 310.
- this step is performed by packetization module 304, and comprises the step of packetization module 304 accessing the one or more data structures from memory 306.
- the performance of step 406 is described in greater detail below with reference to FIG. 5.
- An optional step 408 may be performed after step 406.
- bridge may be performed after step 406.
- step 408 is performed by packetization module 304.
- the exchange of overhead information 316 ensures that there is sufficient available bandwidth in packet network 204 to allow the timely transfer of the one or more packets 310 generated in step 406.
- bridge 202 sends the one or more packets 310 generated in step 406 across packet network 204 to one or more destination nodes, such as bridge 202'.
- this step may comprise the step of sending information according to a transport protocol, such as the Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP).
- RTP is a well known protocol that is designed for transferring real-time data across IP packet networks.
- SONET payloads into RTP payloads, as described below.
- step 410 may include the step of transferring one or more packets from memory 306 to a network interface card
- NIC Network Controller
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating the performance of step 406 in greater detail. This performance begins with a step 502.
- bridge 202 determines whether the one or more data structures decoded during the performance of step 404 represent a slot of concatenated STS-Nc service. In an embodiment, this determination is made by inspecting the line overhead (LOH) fields of STS slots.
- LH line overhead
- step 504 is performed.
- step 504 the contents of the STS-Nc slot are segmented.
- the performance of step 504 according to two embodiments is described below with reference to FIGs. 6 and 7. Otherwise, if the one or more data structures represent an STS-1 service, a step 506 is performed.
- step 506 bridge 202 extracts the SPE from the STS-1 slot represented by the one or more data structures.
- step 506 is performed by packetization module 304.
- step 508 bridge 202 potentially compresses the extracted SPE according to a compression scheme. This compression scheme is described below with reference to FIG. 8.
- step 508 is performed by packetization module 304.
- a step 510 follows the performance of step 508.
- step 510 the extracted SPE
- SPE has a header prepended to form a packet 312.
- the header includes fields as described herein with reference to packet header 314.
- step 510 is performed by packetization module 304.
- FIGs. 6 and 7 are flowcharts illustrating the performance of step 504 for concatenated STS-Nc service, according to two embodiments of the present invention.
- concatenated STS-Nc service involves the transmission of N concatenated STS-1 signals across SONET backbones 102 and/or 102'. These N concatenated signals are referred to herein as STS-Nc slots.
- STS-Nc slots carry N concatenated SPEs that are referred to herein as SPE-Ncs.
- SPE-Ncs are N times greater in size than SPEs carried by STS-1 slots.
- an SPE-3c has three times the number of bits of an SPE-1.
- the flowchart of FIG. 6 begins with a step 602.
- an SPE-Nc is extracted from the one or more data structures decoded during the performance of step 404.
- step 602 is performed by packetization module 304.
- the extracted SPE-Nc is fragmented into its N composite SPE- Is.
- step 604 is performed by packetization module 304.
- a step 606 follows the performance of step 604.
- step 606 each of the SPE- Is created in step 604 are compressed.
- the performance of step 606 comprises the steps described herein with reference to FIG. 8.
- 606 may be performed by packetization module 304.
- each of the SPE-1 s is concatenated with a header to form a packet 312.
- these headers include fields as described herein with reference to packet header 314.
- Step 608 may be performed by packetization module 304.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a performance of step 504 according to a further embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG.7 illustrates conversion of concatenated STS-Nc slots into packets 312.
- This performance begins with a step 702.
- step 702 an SPE-Nc is extracted from the one or more data structures decoded during the performance of step 404.
- step 702 is performed by packetization module 304.
- step 704 the extracted SPE-Nc is fragmented into a plurality of data segments.
- step 704 is performed by packetization module 304.
- step 706 the SPE-Nc (or each of the data segments created in step 704) are compressed.
- the performance of step 706 comprises the steps described herein with reference to FIG. 8.
- Step 706 may be performed by packetization module 304.
- step 708 the SPE-Nc (or each of the data segments created in step 704) is concatenated with a header to form a packet 312.
- these headers include fields as described herein with reference to packet header 314.
- Step 708 may be performed by packetization module 304.
- the present invention provides a technique for efficient bandwidth utilization in the transfer of SONET traffic across packet network 204.
- STS slots can carry various types of traffic (also referred to herein as service types).
- the path overhead (POH) of each SPE includes information that indicates the type of service being carried by the SPE.
- service types include, but are not limited to, high-level data link control (HDLC) service for IP traffic, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) service, DS-3 service, and no service.
- HDLC high-level data link control
- ATM asynchronous transfer mode
- DS-3 service asynchronous transfer mode service
- no service To provide efficient bandwidth utilization, the present invention provides SPE compression techniques based on the type of service that each SPE carries.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an operational sequence of efficient bandwidth utilization according to an embodiment of the present invention. This sequence illustrates how steps 508, 606, and/or 706 maybe performed according to embodiments of the present invention.
- step 802 identifies the service type being carried by the SPE extracted in step 506.
- step 802 comprises the step of inspecting the POH of the SPE to determine service type. This step may be performed by packetization module 304.
- step 804 is performed.
- bridge 202 determines whether the SPE extracted in step 506 is carrying a service. If the SPE is not carrying a service, then a step 806 is performed. Otherwise, a step 808 is performed.
- step 804 comprises the step of inspecting the POH of the SPE to determine whether the SPE is carrying a service.
- bridge 202 replaces the SPE extracted in step 506 with a "no service" payload.
- this "no service" payload is significantly smaller than the SPE, and will be used by bridge 202 in the formation of a packet
- Step 806 may be performed by packetization module 304.
- bridge 102 determines whether the SPE extracted in step 506, 604, or 704 contains a pattern associated with the service type identified in step 802 that can be compressed. Examples of such patterns include idle HDLC cell comprising repetitive "7E" hexadecimal patterns, ATM idle cell patterns, unequipped DS-3 slots comprising repetitive zeroes, and other such patterns, as would be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art(s) from the teachings herein.
- Step 808 may be performed by packetization module 304.
- step 808 comprises the steps of accessing a pattern database (not shown) that includes a plurality of template patterns arranged according to associated service types, and correlating the SPE extracted in step 506, 602, or 702 with the templates that correspond to the service type identified during the performance of step 802.
- This pattern database may be implemented in memory 306.
- step 810 bridge 202 replaces the SPE extracted in step 506, 602, or 702 with a "pattern code" payload.
- this "pattern code" payload is smaller than the SPE, and will be used by bridge 202 in the formation of a packet 312. This replacement achieves a more efficient use of packet network 204 bandwidth.
- Step 806 may be performed by packetization module 304.
- pattern codes may be stored in the pattern database described above.
- a similar pattern code database exists in bridge 202'.
- This pattern code database is used to decode received packets 312 containing "pattern codes" into the original payload received by bridge 202 from SONET backbone 102.
- bridge 202 may employ any data compression algorithm on the SPEs to effect efficient bandwidth utilization, as would be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art(s).
- bridge 202 receives these packets 312.
- Bridge 202' may reassemble these packets 312 into SONET traffic, and transmit this reassembled traffic across SONET backbone 102'.
- the present invention provides users with transparent end-to-end SONET service.
- bridge 202 may receive packets 312 from packet network 204, reassemble these packets into SONET traffic, and transmit this reassembled traffic across SONET backbone 102.
- the reassembly of packets 312 received by bridge 202' from packet network 204 represents a reverse process of the steps described herein with reference to FIGs. 4-8.
- packet(s) 312 are received fiom packet network 312.
- these packet(s) 312 are converted into data structure(s).
- These data structure(s) are encoded into SONET signals and transmitted across
- bridge 202' reorders packets received out of sequence so that they may be transmitted across SONET backbone 102' in sequence. Furthermore, bridge 202' may insert an "all ones" payload for packets that didn't arrive in time for enqueue. In addition, bridge 202' may include skew recovery buffers to accommodate situations where the contents of an STS-Nc service take multiple routes through packet network 204. In addition, in the transmission of SONET signals across SONET backbone 102', bridge 202' may provide SONET compliant synchronization to its respective path terminating equipment. Bridge 202' may also process any line and section overhead towards the path terminating equipment and generate appropriate SONET (LOH) to indicate PTE position and status if applicable.
- LEO SONET
- bridge 202' may transmit customary SONET signals across SONET backbone 102' to indicate a payload error condition towards path terminating equipment in the event that an SPE packet is lost, arrives out of order or is otherwise not suitable for playback when received.
- SONET payloads may be mapped into RTP payloads.
- SPEs are inserted into RTP packets 8000 times a second.
- Bridge 202 extracts SPE(s) from the SONET transmissions.
- SPEs associated with aparticular end-to-end user service typically occur within a SONET frame every 125 microseconds. In an embodiment, each
- SPE is copied in its entirety to the RTP packet payload.
- Bridge 202 creates a separate RTP session for each SONET stream that it carries.
- the creation of separate RTP sessions enables bridge 202 to function as a "wide area" add-drop device.
- bridge 202 may send each SPE that it recovers to a different location.
- Table 2 provides a list of RTP header fields and their usage, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- bridge 202 and/or 202' may signal the bandwidth it requires from packet network 204.
- this signaling is performed through the use of resource reservation protocol (RSVP).
- this signaling is performed through traffic engineered MPLS tunnels (RSVP-TE)(CRLDP) between bridges 202 and 202'.
- RSVP-TE traffic engineered MPLS tunnels
- CRLDP traffic engineered MPLS tunnels
- MPLS tunneling enables bridge 202 and/or bridge 202' to determine route(s) for their traffic across packet network 204.
- MPLS tunneling enables bridge 202 and/or bridge 202' to find backup routes, and groom their traffic onto new, more optimal paths in the network.
- bridges 202 and/or 202' communicate bandwidth information of the service via loosely routed TE-LSPs. Pursuant to this approach, switches with more complete information determine service routes.
- Bridge 202 may be implemented with hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof.
- SONET decoder 302 and packetization module 304 may be implemented with one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS).
- ASICS Application Specific Integrated Circuits
- bridge 202 may be implemented with a general purpose computer system.
- Computer system 901 includes one or more processors, such as a processor 904.
- the processor 904 is connected to a communication bus 902.
- Various embodiments are described in terms of this example computer system. After reading this description, it will become apparent to a person skilled in the relevant art how to implement the invention using other computer systems and/or computer architectures.
- Computer system 902 also includes a main memory 906, preferably random access memory (RAM), and can also include a secondary memory 908.
- the secondary memory 908 can include, for example, a hard disk drive 910 and/or a removable storage drive 912, representing a floppy disk drive, a magnetic tape drive, an optical disk drive, etc.
- the removable storage drive 912 reads from and/or writes to a removable storage unit 914 in a well known manner.
- Removable storage unit 914 represents a floppy disk, magnetic tape, optical disk, etc. which is read by and written to by removable storage drive 912.
- the removable storage unit 914 includes a computer usable storage medium having stored therein computer software and/or data.
- secondary memory 908 may include other means for allowing computer programs or other instructions to be loaded into computer system 901.
- Such means can include, for example, a removable storage unit 922 and an interface 920.
- removable storage units 922 include a program ROM cartridge and cartridge interface (such as that found in video game devices), a removable memory chip (such as an EPROM, or PROM) and associated socket, and other removable storage units 922 and interfaces 920 which allow software and data to be transferred from the removable storage unit 922 to computer system 901.
- Computer system 901 can also include a communications interface 924, such as a network interface card (NIC).
- Communications interface 924 allows software and data to be transferred between computer system 901 and external devices.
- Examples of communications interface 924 can include a modem, a network interface (such as an Ethernet card), a communications port, a PCMCIA slot and card, etc.
- Software and data transferred via communications interface 924 are in the form of signals which can be electronic, electromagnetic, optical or other signals capable of being received by communications interface 924.
- These signals 926 are provided to communications interface via a channel 928.
- This channel 928 carries signals 926 and can be implemented using wire or cable, fiber optics, a phone line, a cellular phone link, an RF link and other communications channels.
- computer program medium and “computer usable medium” are used to generally refer to media such as removable storage device 912, a hard disk installed in hard disk drive 910, and signals 926.
- These computer program products are means for providing software to computer system 901.
- Computer programs also called computer control logic
- Computer programs can also be received via communications interface 924.
- Such computer programs when executed, enable the computer system 901 to perform the features of the present invention as discussed herein.
- the computer programs when executed, enable the processor 904 to perform the features of the present invention. Accordingly, such computer programs represent controllers of the computer system 901.
- the software may be stored in a computer program product and loaded into computer system 901 using removable storage drive 912, hard drive 910 or communications interface 924.
- the control logic when executed by the processor 904, causes the processor 904 to perform the functions of the invention as described herein.
- the invention is implemented using a combination of both hardware and software. Examples of such combinations include, but are not limited to, microcontrollers.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP01952706A EP1302090A2 (en) | 2000-07-14 | 2001-07-13 | Method of and system for the transfer of sonet traffic across a packet network |
CA002416082A CA2416082C (en) | 2000-07-14 | 2001-07-13 | Method of and system for the transfer of sonet traffic across a packet network |
AU2001273433A AU2001273433A1 (en) | 2000-07-14 | 2001-07-13 | Method of and system for the transfer of sonet traffic across a packet network |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/616,879 US6831932B1 (en) | 2000-07-14 | 2000-07-14 | Transfer of SONET traffic over a packet-switched network |
US09/616,879 | 2000-07-14 |
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WO2002007356A2 true WO2002007356A2 (en) | 2002-01-24 |
WO2002007356A3 WO2002007356A3 (en) | 2002-08-29 |
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PCT/US2001/022081 WO2002007356A2 (en) | 2000-07-14 | 2001-07-13 | Method of and system for the transfer of sonet traffic across a packet network |
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US (1) | US6831932B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1302090A2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001273433A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2416082C (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002007356A2 (en) |
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US7382736B2 (en) | 1999-01-12 | 2008-06-03 | Mcdata Corporation | Method for scoring queued frames for selective transmission through a switch |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2416082C (en) | 2009-05-26 |
US6831932B1 (en) | 2004-12-14 |
AU2001273433A1 (en) | 2002-01-30 |
CA2416082A1 (en) | 2002-01-24 |
WO2002007356A3 (en) | 2002-08-29 |
EP1302090A2 (en) | 2003-04-16 |
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