WO2002038864A2 - Flame-retarded paper products and method and apparatus for making them - Google Patents
Flame-retarded paper products and method and apparatus for making them Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002038864A2 WO2002038864A2 PCT/IL2001/001024 IL0101024W WO0238864A2 WO 2002038864 A2 WO2002038864 A2 WO 2002038864A2 IL 0101024 W IL0101024 W IL 0101024W WO 0238864 A2 WO0238864 A2 WO 0238864A2
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- flame
- paper
- retarded
- product according
- paper product
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical class N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bromide Chemical compound [NH4+].[Br-] SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003340 retarding agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 100
- -1 halogen free radical Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical class [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZUGAOYSWHHGDJY-UHFFFAOYSA-K 5-hydroxy-2,8,9-trioxa-1-aluminabicyclo[3.3.2]decane-3,7,10-trione Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O ZUGAOYSWHHGDJY-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBSCHQHZLSJFNQ-GASJEMHNSA-N D-Glucose 6-phosphate Chemical compound OC1O[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O NBSCHQHZLSJFNQ-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFRROHXSMXFLSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glc6P Natural products OP(=O)(O)OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O VFRROHXSMXFLSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium phosphates Chemical class [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical group OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003467 diminishing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroperoxyl Chemical compound O[O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001261 hydroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/34—Ignifugeants
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
- D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
- D21H23/50—Spraying or projecting
Definitions
- the present invention relates to flame-retarded paper products and to processes and methods for making the same. More particularly, the invention relates to flame-retarded paper products, comprising as an active ingredient a compound selected from among inorganic and organic flame- retardant compounds, particularly ammonium bromide and its mixtures with other ammonium salts, e.g., ammonium sulfate, mono- or diammonium phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, ammonium sulphate, urea, organic brominated flame retardants and their mixtures.
- a compound selected from among inorganic and organic flame- retardant compounds particularly ammonium bromide and its mixtures with other ammonium salts, e.g., ammonium sulfate, mono- or diammonium phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, ammonium sulphate, urea, organic brominated flame retardants and their mixtures.
- a paper product comprising a paper base, a layer comprising flame-retardant (FR) compound or compounds, and a layer of a coating color and/or laminate and or surface sizing overlying the FR layer. It also relates to a method and apparatus for making such a product.
- FR flame-retardant
- the major component of paper is wood fibers , mainly contaning cellulose.
- Natural cellulose is a polysaccharide consisting of ⁇ -glucose units linked by ether bonds. When cellulose is burned, a mixture of gaseous and solid combustion products result and the burning takes place both at and above the surface.
- a study of the pyrolysis of cellulose shows that the major product is a tarry substance that consists mainly of laevoglucosan. If the formation of laevoglucosan is prevented, the flammability of cellulose is reduced. This is achieved by the use of phosphorus containing compounds such as ammonium phosphates which release phosphoric acid when strongly heated, and the resultant acid esterifies the glucose units to produce glucose-6-phosphate. The phosphoric acid also promotes the formation of a solid carbonaceous char in the cellulose which does not support combustion.
- after-glow An important feature of burning paper is after-glow, which occurs usually after the flames are extinguished and which could ignite adjacent materials. Glow is defined as the combustion of a material without flame but with emission of visible light from the combustion zone surface. The phenomenon of after-glow is poorly understood but is believed to involve the carbon at the surface of the cellulose, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and oxygen. Phosphorus-based flame-retardants are effective at preventing after-glow and are assumed to function in two ways (a) by forming a film of condensed acid over the surface of the cellulose thereby preventing access of oxygen to the burning site (b) by absorbing some of the heat required for further combustion of the cellulose.
- Burning of cellulose in the gas phase proceeds by a free radical chain reaction mechanism involving hydroxy, oxygen and other reactive free radical species. Obviously if these active radicals can be neutralized, combustion will cease.
- Halogen-based materials particularly bromo- compounds, are effective in terminating free radical chain reactions and are widely used as flame-retardant additives for a wide variety of substrates including paper. Chlorine compounds have the same mode of action as bromine compounds. The net effect of the use of these materials is the production of the deactivating halogen free radical.
- the flame retardant slowly diffuses under the influence of air and acquires a yellowish color.
- the accelerated aging causes more rapid diffusion into paper.
- additive flame retardants - hereinafter, briefly, FR - do not impair the desirable characteristics and properties of the paper, such as strength, flexibility and brightness.
- paper is meant to indicate all kinds of paper products including, but not limited to, paper board.
- This invention relates to flame-retarded paper products comprising as an active ingredient a compound selected from among ammonium bromide, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium polyphosphate, urea, brominated organic flame retardants and their mixtures.
- ammonium bromide will be referred to as the flame-retardant but it should be understood that this does not involve a limitation and that the examples and statements made with reference to it apply, mutatis mutandis, to other flame-retardants as well.
- this invention provides a paper product, which comprises a base paper, a layer of an FR compound or compounds, preferably including a first binder, and an uppermost layer of a coating color.
- the first binder is preferably starch.
- the coating color layer also preferably comprises a second binder, which is preferably the same as the said first binder but it could be styrene, acrylate, vinyl acetate, etc.
- the invention further comprises a method for making the aforesaid paper product, which method comprises: a) producing a base paper; b) applying to the base paper at least one FR compound, to form a layer comprising said compound; and c) applying to the paper base, over said layer, a coating color.
- the base paper is made by conventional processes and apparatus and need not be particularly described.
- the FR compound is applied preferably by spraying on the base paper a liquid phase comprising the FR compound and a first binder.
- the first binder preferably starch, but could also be a latex or a polymeric binder or a combination thereof.
- Other ways of applying the FR compound e.g. spreading, may be used, but spraying is preferred, particularly because of the low viscosity of the liquid phase.
- the FR compound layer is dried before applying the coating color.
- the coating color also comprises a second binder, which may be the same as the first binder and is preferably starch, and a pigment or pigments chosen by conventional criteria, and can be applied in any convenient way, such as by providing an aqueous bath of the color and binder and applying the aqueous phase of the color and binder onto the paper by any convenient coating means, or by spreading said aqueous phase onto said paper.
- a second binder which may be the same as the first binder and is preferably starch
- a pigment or pigments chosen by conventional criteria can be applied in any convenient way, such as by providing an aqueous bath of the color and binder and applying the aqueous phase of the color and binder onto the paper by any convenient coating means, or by spreading said aqueous phase onto said paper.
- the application of coating color to a base paper is conventional and need not be particularly described.
- the thickness of the coating color layer is controlled by a blade or the like.
- the FR compound layer is located between the base paper and the coating color layer, which has a thickness of about 5 to about 30 ⁇ m .
- the coating may consist substantially of calcium carbonate, which may or may not comprise additional pigments, e.g., colors or whitening agents, and binders.
- the invention also encompasses a flame-retarded paper product comprising a flame-retardant or flame-retardant mixture in an amount of between 0.01% by weight of the paper to about 10% by weight of the paper, on a dry basis.
- the invention also provides an improvement to paper coating machines, which comprises adding to said machines, before the coating application components, viz. the coating unit, a spraying device provided with nozzles, and preferably adding dryer means between said spraying device and said coating unit.
- the remaining components of the coating machine are the same as in conventional operations.
- the coating machine can be integrated into the paper machine in a way that is conventional and well known to skilled persons. Such integration therefore will not be described, but should be understood as optionally comprised in the invention.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a paper coating machine, which comprises all the conventional components of such machines and additionally comprises means for spraying a composition comprising the flame-retardants and the binder onto the paper base, and drying said composition.
- the drawing illustrates schematically a flame-retarding and coating apparatus, which can be inserted into or otherwise coupled to a paper making machine in any convenient way, easily devised by skilled persons to suit the specific paper making machine.
- the base paper is a continuous sheet 10 supplied from a drum 11. It travels from right to left looking at the drawing.
- Numeral 12 indicates guide rollers which bring sheet 10 to a position in which an FR solution 13 is sprayed onto it by a sprayer schematically indicated at 14.
- the FR solution with a binder, is supplied from a tank not shown, through a pump not shown.
- the paper base 10, which is now coated with a layer of FR solution, passes through IR dryers 15, while being supported by general support 16, and the dryers are so adjusted as to bring the temperature of the paper sheet to 60 - 70°C.
- the dried base paper then passes through coolers 17, where it is cooled by air blowers substantially to room temperature.
- the base paper 10, carrying now a dried layer of FR compound or compounds, including the binder, is indicated by numeral 10'. Coating is applied thereto from a bath 18 through a roller 19, which draws from the bath an aqueous phase comprising pigment and binder transfers it to the base paper. The coated paper is then guided by roller 20. Numeral 21 indicates a blade which scrapes the surface of the paper sheet, carrying the coating color, to control the thickness of said color. Other thickness controlling means could be used. The paper sheet is then guided by roller 22 and passes through dryers 23, which are similar to dryers 15, though they may deliver a different amount of heat.
- the drying is carried out at this stage, as well as in the previous stage, in such a way as to bring the paper sheet to temperatures from 20 to 90°C and preferably not lower than 60°C.
- the dried paper then passes through two coolers 24, similar to coolers 17, but that are so controlled, in combination with the other parameters of the process and particularly the traveling speed of the paper web, as to heat the paper, in the drying phase, to temperatures between 20 °C and 90°C, but preferably not lower than 60°C.
- the weight of the coating is from 5 to 30 g/m 2 , preferably 10-15 g/m 2 .
- the coated and dried paper is the final paper product, which is indicated at 10".
- Paper sheet 10" is wound up on the roller system 25, which has also the task of applying to the paper sheet sufficient traction to draw it through various stages of the apparatus described.
- the sprayer 14 is not illustrated, since it may any conventional sprayer. In its simplest form, it may consists of a pipe, preferably of plastic, provided with nozzles, which are spaced at such distances as to coat the whole width of the base paper with a uniform layer of the FR compounds and the binder.
- a preferred FR compound is ammonium bromide and is applied to the base paper, preferably by spraying, in amounts between 0.01% and 10% of the weight of the paper. It is applied to the paper as an aqueous solution having a concentration between 10 wt% and 80 wt%, but preferably between 20 wt% and 40 wt%.
- the coating may be any conventional coating.
- it may be prepared by providing a pigment slurry and adding to it a binder, preferably starch or e.g. a latex, and mixing well, e.g. for 45 minutes before using.
- the thickness of the coating layer, when wet, on the paper may be, for example, from 5 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the coated paper is dried in drying unite that are preferably IR dryers, which are so controlled, in combination with the other parameters of the process and particularly the traveling speed of the paper web, as to heat the paper, in the drying phase, to temperatures between 20 °C and 90°C, but preferably not lower than 60°C.
- the weight of the coating is from 5 to 30 g/m 2 , preferably 10-15 g/m 2 .
- the paper carrying the FR compound or compounds is dried, before applying the coating, in the same way in which the coated paper is dried and in similar drying units.
- the sprayed paper is coated with a coating color consisting, for example, of the following formula (Table I): Table I
- the coating color adding to it a binder,latex or starch and mixing , the pigment slurry and adjusting the pH to the right level.
- the water-soluble polymer is added with the required water addition to achieve the right solids content.
- the amount of starch, when the binder is starch as preferred, in the solution applied to the paper base, is from 0.5 to 20 wt%, preferably 4 - 8 wt%.
- the base paper was chemical pulp base paper with a weight of 75 g/m 2 .
- the base paper was sprayed with a solution containing 38 wt% of ammonium bromide and 6 wt% of starch.
- the speed of travel of the base paper was 100 m/s.
- the average weight of FR compound and starch on the base paper was 5.5 g/m 2 .
- the mean tear index of the base paper was 9.13 mNn 2 /g.
- the mean tensile index was 53.6 Nm/g.
- the mean tear index is lowered to 8.05 mNn 2 /g and the mean tensile index to 48.0 Nm/g.
- the mean tear index is 8.51 and the mean tensile index is 47.0; but if coating is later applied to the paper, the mean tear index is lowered to 7.45 and the mean tensile index to 41.2. It is seen that both those indices are lowered by the application of FR compound, but not to a considerable extent, while their ratio is lowered only from 5.95 to 5.53.
- specimens Sufficient number of specimens are tested until at least five cases of ignition and five cases of non-ignition occur.
- Size of the specimens is 80 mm x 80 mm or 200 mm x 80 mm.
- Specimens are conditioned at a temperature of 20 +2°C and a relative humidity of 65 ⁇ 2%.
- Specimen is placed on the pins of the specimen holder so that the specimen is at least 20 mm removed from the frame.
- the specimen holder is placed vertically in the combustion chamber where a methane gas flame with length of 40 mm is directed to the surface of the specimen.
- the distance between the gas nozzle and the surface of the specimen is 17 mm.
- the flame is applied to the specimen of (size 80 x 80 mm) for a time period which preliminary testing indicated will approximate to the minimum ignition time. Ignition shall be deemed to have occurred if either the flame on the specimen persists for a period of at least 5 seconds after removal of the igniting flame, or if the specimen burns to the top of the vertical edges of the specimen, after removal of igniting flame.
- the sample burns to the top edge of the specimen during application of the igniting flame, the sample is retested using a 200 x 80 mm specimen. Ignition of the specimen is recorded. If ignition has occurred then the timer setting is reduced by 1 second. If ignition has not occurred, the timer setting is increased by up to a maximum time of 20 seconds. Each trial is repeated on a new specimen continuing testing until there are at least five cases of ignition and five cases of non-ignition.
- the mean of recorded times at which ignition or non-ignition, whichever has occurred least, was observed is calculated for each direction. If the calculated times relate to ignition, 0,5 is subtracted from the mean value calculated. If the calculated times relate to non-ignition, 0,5 is added to the mean value. The resulting value is rounded to the nearest second.
- Flammability tests The flammability tests were performed for the sprayed paper. The results show that the addition of ammonium bromide affects the flammability point of the paper. The results in Table IV reveal that 2% and 3.3% ammonium bromide shifts the ignition time and it does not ignite.
- Paper tests show that the basic properties of the coated paper (folding endurance, tearing strength, tensile strength) changes in a way that the tensile strength decreases and tearing strength increases.
- the changes shown in Tables II and III imply that tensile strength would decrease and the tearing strength would increase, when ammonium bromide is sprayed between the paper and the coating. However, the ratio between them does not vary appreciably.
- the flame-proofed paper did not ignite after 20 seconds of ignition time.
- the afterglow time was longer than the afterglow time for a longer ignition time. The longer ignition time burns a hole through the paper but the damage is not spread.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01983751A EP1356160A2 (en) | 2000-11-10 | 2001-11-05 | Flame-retarded paper products |
AU2002215171A AU2002215171A1 (en) | 2000-11-10 | 2001-11-05 | Flame-retarded paper products and method and apparatus for making them |
US10/416,146 US20040050512A1 (en) | 2000-11-10 | 2001-11-05 | Flame-retarded paper products and method and apparatus for making them |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IL13960300A IL139603A (en) | 2000-11-10 | 2000-11-10 | Method and compositions for imparting flame-retardancy to paper products |
IL139603 | 2000-11-10 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002038864A2 true WO2002038864A2 (en) | 2002-05-16 |
WO2002038864A3 WO2002038864A3 (en) | 2003-02-27 |
Family
ID=11074808
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IL2001/001024 WO2002038864A2 (en) | 2000-11-10 | 2001-11-05 | Flame-retarded paper products and method and apparatus for making them |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040050512A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1356160A2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002215171A1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL139603A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002038864A2 (en) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3667999A (en) * | 1969-04-15 | 1972-06-06 | Johnson & Johnson | Flame retardant cellulosic materials |
DE3024394A1 (en) * | 1980-06-28 | 1982-01-21 | Letron GmbH, 8750 Aschaffenburg | Paper coating process - has glue press in paper drying section to apply agent by impregnation |
EP0476644A1 (en) * | 1990-09-19 | 1992-03-25 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Flame retardant nonwoven fabrics |
EP0525993A1 (en) * | 1991-07-09 | 1993-02-03 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Wallpaper having a polyolefin surface layer |
FR2723389A1 (en) * | 1994-08-05 | 1996-02-09 | Jujo Paper Co Ltd | WALL COATING BASE |
DE19858653A1 (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2000-06-21 | Voith Sulzer Papiertech Patent | Coating a moving web surface uses a controlled feed pump capacity to set the amount of medium delivered to the applicator to determine the mean coating weight with little or no surplus residue |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2732561A1 (en) * | 1976-07-21 | 1978-01-26 | Calamani Sergio | USE OF SALT SOLUTIONS FOR FLAME RETARDANT EQUIPMENT OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS AND MEANS THEREFORE |
US4888136A (en) * | 1988-05-02 | 1989-12-19 | Witco Corporation | New flame retardant compositions of matter and cellulosic products containing same |
-
2000
- 2000-11-10 IL IL13960300A patent/IL139603A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-11-05 US US10/416,146 patent/US20040050512A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-11-05 EP EP01983751A patent/EP1356160A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-11-05 WO PCT/IL2001/001024 patent/WO2002038864A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-11-05 AU AU2002215171A patent/AU2002215171A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3667999A (en) * | 1969-04-15 | 1972-06-06 | Johnson & Johnson | Flame retardant cellulosic materials |
DE3024394A1 (en) * | 1980-06-28 | 1982-01-21 | Letron GmbH, 8750 Aschaffenburg | Paper coating process - has glue press in paper drying section to apply agent by impregnation |
EP0476644A1 (en) * | 1990-09-19 | 1992-03-25 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Flame retardant nonwoven fabrics |
EP0525993A1 (en) * | 1991-07-09 | 1993-02-03 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Wallpaper having a polyolefin surface layer |
FR2723389A1 (en) * | 1994-08-05 | 1996-02-09 | Jujo Paper Co Ltd | WALL COATING BASE |
DE19858653A1 (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2000-06-21 | Voith Sulzer Papiertech Patent | Coating a moving web surface uses a controlled feed pump capacity to set the amount of medium delivered to the applicator to determine the mean coating weight with little or no surplus residue |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL139603A (en) | 2005-11-20 |
IL139603A0 (en) | 2002-02-10 |
WO2002038864A3 (en) | 2003-02-27 |
EP1356160A2 (en) | 2003-10-29 |
AU2002215171A1 (en) | 2002-05-21 |
US20040050512A1 (en) | 2004-03-18 |
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