WO2002047317A1 - Transmission control method in a radio access network implementing an automatic repetition request (aqr) protocol at the base station (aqr) - Google Patents
Transmission control method in a radio access network implementing an automatic repetition request (aqr) protocol at the base station (aqr) Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002047317A1 WO2002047317A1 PCT/EP2001/014136 EP0114136W WO0247317A1 WO 2002047317 A1 WO2002047317 A1 WO 2002047317A1 EP 0114136 W EP0114136 W EP 0114136W WO 0247317 A1 WO0247317 A1 WO 0247317A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bss
- arq
- data packets
- received
- sending
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 102100036409 Activated CDC42 kinase 1 Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 101000741965 Homo sapiens Inactive tyrosine-protein kinase PRAG1 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102100038659 Inactive tyrosine-protein kinase PRAG1 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
- H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
- H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
- H04L1/1867—Arrangements specially adapted for the transmitter end
- H04L1/187—Details of sliding window management
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
- H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
- H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
- H04L1/1809—Selective-repeat protocols
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L2001/0092—Error control systems characterised by the topology of the transmission link
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/16—Performing reselection for specific purposes
- H04W36/18—Performing reselection for specific purposes for allowing seamless reselection, e.g. soft reselection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
- H04W84/042—Public Land Mobile systems, e.g. cellular systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to controlling the transmission of data in a radio access network of a mobile telecommunications network. More particularly, the invention is concerned with the handling of Automatic Repetition Request (ARQ) messages at mobile terminals and in the radio access network of a mobile telecommunications network.
- ARQ Automatic Repetition Request
- FIG. 1 illustrates schematically a UMTS network 1 which comprises a core network 2 and a UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) 3.
- the UTRAN 3 comprises a number of Radio Network Controllers (RNCs) 4, each of which is coupled to a set of neighbouring Base Stations (BSs) 5 — BSs are often referred to as Node Bs.
- RNCs Radio Network Controllers
- BSs Base Stations
- Node Bs are often referred to as Node Bs.
- Each BSs 5 is responsible for communicating with mobile terminals (or User Equipment (UE)) 6 within a given geographical cell, and the controlling RNC 4 is responsible for routing user and signalling data between a BS 5 and the core network 2.
- the interface between the RNCs is referred to as the Iur interface, whilst that between the BSs and the RNCs is referred to as the Iub interface.
- the air interface between the UE and the BSs is referred to as the Uu interface.
- Figure 1 also illustrates the interfaces present in the conventional UTRAN.
- a general outline of the UTRAN 3 is given in Technical Specification TS 25.401 V3.3.0 (1999-09) of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project, 3GPP.
- certain transmission channels make use of a mechanism known as Automatic Repetition reQuest (ARQ) to facilitate the retransmission of data packets which are either not received, or are received erroneously by a receiving entity, i.e. a UE or a RNC.
- ARQ Automatic Repetition reQuest
- the sending of an ARQ status message from a receiver may be ordered under this mechanism, the ARQ status message containing one or more ACKs, indicating the successful receipt of a packet, and/or one or more NACKs, indicating that a packet has not been received or has been received incorrectly.
- the retransmission path involving as it does passage through a BS, can introduce a considerable delay into the retransmission time and can impact significantly on the performance of higher layer protocols (e.g. TCP).
- FIG. 2 illustrates an architecture in which user plane and the time critical part of control plane handling is carried out in the BSs and the Gateway (GW) to the core network, whilst non-time critical control plane handling is carried out in the RNC.
- GW Gateway
- a new interface between the BSs is created, this being referred to hereinafter as the Iur+ interface.
- the interfaces of the new network are also illustrated in Figure 2.
- the conventional RAN architecture of Figure 1 employs a mechanism known as soft handover to enhance system performance at cell borders and to facilitate the smooth transfer of UEs between BSs.
- data may be sent and received in parallel between two or more BSs and a UE.
- information is combined at the physical layer before it is passed to the ARQ protocol (at layer 2).
- ARQ is handled at the RNC, the retransmission of data causes no problems (other that the problem of retransmission delay already noted).
- the RNC For data transmission in the downlink direction, the RNC collects ARQ status messages returned from a UE (and forwarded by the various BSs involved in the soft handover) and sorts these to determine which data has been correctly received by the UE and which, if any, must be retransmitted. For data transmission in the uplink direction, the RNC is again able to co-ordinate the receipt of data packets sent from the UE and to transmit appropriate ARQ status messages to the UE.
- the inventors of the present invention have recognised that if the RAN architecture of Figure 2 is introduced, even though the retransmission time for data is reduced, the processing of ARQ status messages transmitted by a UE, and the sending of ARQ status messages to a UE, is no longer co-ordinated by the RNC. Unless the Base Stations of a soft handover set are located at the same sites (sharing a common RLC entity), the lack of co-ordination may result in a significant deterioration in network performance.
- the different streams received by the UE will be time shifted from one another.
- the UE will check the data packets received from all BSs in the soft handover link set, and will issue an ARQ status message (containing ACKs and NACKs) based on correctly and incorrectly received packets.
- a BS may therefore receive an ARQ status message containing an ACK for a data packet which it has not yet sent.
- the ACK will be treated by the BS as an error and may cause the BS to enter a protocol deadlock state.
- a method of controlling the sending of data packets from a Base Station (BS) of a Radio Access Network (RAN) to a UE where the BS is one of a set of BSs transmitting identical data to the UE and each said data packet has a sequence number
- the method comprising implementing at the BS an Automatic Repetition reQuest (ARQ) mechanism for resending data packets erroneously received by the UE and, upon receipt of an ARQ status message from the UE, advancing a transmission window of the BS so that its lower region covers the packet having the lowest sequence number for which an ARQ acknowledgement has not yet been received.
- ARQ Automatic Repetition reQuest
- Embodiments of the present invention facilitate the implementation of the architecture of Figure 2, in which retransmission delays are reduced due to the location of the ARQ mechanism in the Base Stations.
- Each BS advances its transmission window for ACKs broadcast by the UE in respect of packets previously sent by that BS and other BSs transmitting to the UE.
- each BS transmitting to the UE may multicast to the other BS(s) correctly received ARQ status messages.
- a BS therefore takes into account both ARQ status messages received over the Uu interface and ARQ status messages multicast from the other BS(s) when positioning its transmission window.
- the method comprising implementing at the BS an Automatic Repetition reQuest (ARQ) mechanism for resending data packets erroneously received by the UE, and advancing a transmission window in accordance with the sequence number(s) contained in ARQ status messages multicast from another BS and/or received over the Uu interface from the UE.
- ARQ Automatic Repetition reQuest
- a Base Station for implementing the method of the above first or second aspect of the invention in a Radio Access Network.
- BSs Base Stations
- RAN Radio Access Network
- ARQ Automatic Repetition reQuest
- a BS Preferably, once a BS has obtained a complete LL SDU, that BS informs other BSs of the soft handover link set by sending an appropriate ARQ sequence message.
- UE User Equipment
- a seventh aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of performing a handover of a downlink channel for a UE from a first active Base Station (BS) to a second BS of a Radio Access Network (RAN), the method comprising, prior to handover, sending data packets destined for the UE to the BSs of a soft handover (SHO) link set comprising said first and second BSs, the SHO link set being associated with an uplink reverse channel of the UE, receiving ARQ status messages at the BSs of the SHO link set and using the ARQ status messages to update the sending buffers of the BSs, initiating the handover from the first to the second BS, and commencing transmission of the data packets of the DSCH from the second BS, wherein the transmission commences with the packet succeeding the packet identified by the last received ARQ status message.
- the invention may be employed where said downlink channel is a Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH).
- said ARQ status messages are received at the BSs of the SSCH
- Figure 1 illustrates the interfaces present in a conventional RAN architecture of a mobile telecommunications network
- Figure 2 illustrates the interfaces present in a modified RAN architecture network
- Figure 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of synchronising transmission windows and sending buffers of BSs of the network of Figure 2.
- a conventional RAN architecture has already been described with reference to Figures 1.
- a modified architecture has been described with reference to Figure 2, in which Base Stations (BSs) are connected together over an Iur+ interface.
- BSs Base Stations
- Figure 2 illustrates the interfaces and certain signalling processes which may exist in this RAN architecture for data transmissions in the downlink direction, i.e. from the network to the UE, during a soft handover.
- Each transmitter/receiver entity performs segmentation/concatenation and reassembly between lower layer (LL) and higher layer (HL) Protocol Data Units (PDUs), for example when the RLC ARQ mechanism is used.
- a HL PDU which might be an IP packet received from a correspondent host of the UE, is distributed tb all BSs included in the active soft handover (SHO) link set of the UE.
- SHO soft handover
- Each BS has its own transmitter entity with the necessary buffering.
- the HL PDUs (which are referred to as LL SDUs) are segmented concatenated if necessary into LL PDUs and placed in the transmission buffer. All of the BSs of the link set send the PDUs to the UE.
- the UE has a single entity at the physical layer which receives PDUs from all of the BSs.
- the ARQ entity is notified of correctly and incorrectly received PDUs (NB. the physical layer may be able to construct a correct PDU from several incorrect PDUs).
- the ARQ entity acknowledges correctly and incorrectly received packets (as well as missing packets) by sending ARQ status messages (containing ACKs and/or NACKs) to the peer ARQ entities at the sending BSs.
- the sending of an ARQ status message may be triggered, for example, by the ARQ entity at the UE receiving the last in a sequence of PDUs forming a single LL SDU.
- the ARQ status messages are generated based on the collective information received at the UE from all participating BSs, it may happen that a given BS may receive an ARQ status message containing an ACK for a PDU which it has not yet sent.
- the transmitter window of the BS is moved so that its lower region covers the PDU having the highest sequence number for which receipt has not yet been acknowledged.
- the window for a given BS is positioned based on the PDUs received by the UE from any or all of the BSs, and not just on the PDUs received by the UE from that BS.
- the BS will respond by retransmitting the requested PDU(s).
- the BSs of a soft handover link set may exchange correctly received ARQ status messages (e.g. using multicast procedures), i.e. a BS will multicast an ARQ status message which corresponds to the sending record held by that BS.
- ARQ status messages e.g. using multicast procedures
- a BS will multicast an ARQ status message which corresponds to the sending record held by that BS.
- This enables an ARQ status message which has been correctly received by one BS to be distributed to other BSs which have perhaps not received this message over the Uu interface, or which did receive the message but could not reconcile the message with their own sending records.
- the exchange of ARQ status messages synchronises the buffers of the various sending BSs, and avoids ambiguity in the LL PDU sequence numbers in the different sending buffers.
- FIG. 3 is a flow diagram further illustrating a stage in this process.
- the HL PDUs (which again might be IP packets) are segmented and concatenated into lower layer PDUs.
- the UE sends the LL PDUs to all of the BSs of the SHO link set.
- These BSs identify the correctly and incorrectly received PDUs (as well as missing PDUs), and return appropriate ARQ status messages to the UE.
- the UE receives conflicting ARQ status messages from the BSs, there are two ways in which the UE may proceed in order to avoid a protocol deadlock from arising.
- the UE may select one of the BS links and retransmit packets according to the ARQ status message received on that link. This selection remains until the BS in question has received a complete LL SDU, whereupon the UE sends an ARQ status message in order to clear the RX buffers at the other BSs of the link set.
- the link selected may be the link requiring the least resources (i.e. least UL energy) to successfully transmit a LL SDU.
- the UE may only retransmit packets which have not been received by any of the BSs.
- One of the BSs of the link set is designated as the "master", whilst the other nodes are designated as slaves.
- Each of the slave BSs sends received retransmitted packets and forwards these to the master BS over the Iur+ interface.
- the SDU is passed to the higher layers at the master BS.
- soft handover Whilst soft handover is applied to certain channels such as Dedicated Channels (DCH), it may not be applied to other high bandwidth channels (e.g. DSCHs) which are shared by a number of UEs. Generally, a UE makes use of a DSCH originating at the BS with which the UE has the best radio connection. However, control signalling informing the UE on when to listen to the shared channel may be transmitted on a separate dedicated channel to which soft handover is applied. The corresponding (reverse) uplink channel is used to transmit ARQ status messages, and soft handover is also applied to this channel.
- DCH Dedicated Channels
- the DSCH data flow is transmitted only from one active BS.
- the UE sends feedback ARQ status messages to all BSs belonging to the SHO link set. All BSs belonging to the active soft handover link set exchange ARQ status messages over the Iur+ interface.
- the BS transmitting on the shared channel may receive ARQ status messages from other BSs in the event that the transmitting BS has not itself received these messages (because the quality of its own backward channel is too low).
- the idle BSs use the ARQ status messages to update their sending buffers, so that the buffers are partially synchronised with the active BS.
- the new active BS can begin transmitting at, or near, the point where the previously active BS left off.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10197000T DE10197000T1 (en) | 2000-12-09 | 2001-11-27 | Transmission control in a (mobile) radio access network |
US10/433,889 US7457260B2 (en) | 2000-12-09 | 2001-11-27 | Transmission control method in a radio access network implementing an automatic repetition request (ARQ) protocol at the base station |
AU2002229598A AU2002229598A1 (en) | 2000-12-09 | 2001-11-27 | Transmission control method in a radio access network implementing an automatic repetition request (aqr) protocol at the base station (aqr) |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0030099.6 | 2000-12-09 | ||
GB0030099A GB2369961B (en) | 2000-12-09 | 2000-12-09 | Transmission control in a radio access network |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2002047317A1 true WO2002047317A1 (en) | 2002-06-13 |
Family
ID=9904794
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2001/014136 WO2002047317A1 (en) | 2000-12-09 | 2001-11-27 | Transmission control method in a radio access network implementing an automatic repetition request (aqr) protocol at the base station (aqr) |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7457260B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002229598A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE10197000T1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2369961B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002047317A1 (en) |
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- 2001-11-27 WO PCT/EP2001/014136 patent/WO2002047317A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-11-27 US US10/433,889 patent/US7457260B2/en active Active
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BALAKRISHNAN H ET AL: "IMPROVING RELIABLE TRANSPORT AND HANDOFF PERFORMANCE IN CELLULAR WIRELESS NETWORKS", WIRELESS NETWORKS,US,ACM, vol. 1, no. 4, 1 December 1995 (1995-12-01), pages 469 - 481, XP000543510, ISSN: 1022-0038 * |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2369961A (en) | 2002-06-12 |
GB2369961B (en) | 2003-04-23 |
US7457260B2 (en) | 2008-11-25 |
DE10197000T1 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
GB0030099D0 (en) | 2001-01-24 |
AU2002229598A1 (en) | 2002-06-18 |
US20040088641A1 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
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