WO2002056601A1 - A method for processing error code of compressed image in transmission - Google Patents

A method for processing error code of compressed image in transmission Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002056601A1
WO2002056601A1 PCT/CN2002/000008 CN0200008W WO02056601A1 WO 2002056601 A1 WO2002056601 A1 WO 2002056601A1 CN 0200008 W CN0200008 W CN 0200008W WO 02056601 A1 WO02056601 A1 WO 02056601A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
image
frame
gob
data
error
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PCT/CN2002/000008
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jing Wang
Zhen Chen
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority to US10/250,620 priority Critical patent/US7051262B2/en
Priority to EP02716038A priority patent/EP1351520A4/en
Publication of WO2002056601A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002056601A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/85—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression
    • H04N19/89—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression involving methods or arrangements for detection of transmission errors at the decoder
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/85—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression
    • H04N19/89—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression involving methods or arrangements for detection of transmission errors at the decoder
    • H04N19/895—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression involving methods or arrangements for detection of transmission errors at the decoder in combination with error concealment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of image communication in multimedia technology, and in particular, to a method for processing bit errors generated by compression-coded images during transmission. Background of the invention
  • H. 26X standards (such as H. 261 and H. 263) proposed by ITU-T (ITU).
  • H. 26X standard is used as the unified video signal format for conference television to adapt to the internationally popular PAL, NTSC, and SECAM. And other different TV systems.
  • FIGS 1 and 2 show the composition of the H.261CIF format and the H.263CIF format, respectively.
  • each frame image is divided into multiple GOBs (block groups), and each GOB is in turn It is divided into multiple MBs (macroblocks), and the MBs are further divided because they are not related to the present invention and will not be described again.
  • the data stream of the H. 26X compression-encoded image during transmission is divided into several layers.
  • the image layer contains the image layer header and GOB layer data.
  • the GOB layer contains the GOB layer header and MB layer data.
  • the MB layer contains the MB layer header and the data of the next layer, etc. Because the information redundancy of the compressed code stream is low, the transmission channel errors introduced during the transmission process have a great impact on the image quality of the receiving end.
  • the receiving end will set error detection methods, such as using forward error correction (FEC) for error detection.
  • FEC forward error correction
  • an error processing method in the prior art is beneficial.
  • the sender receives an instruction, that is, encodes and sends an intra-frame, performs intra-frame encoding and transmission of the current frame, and sets the Freeze Release position to valid in the code stream. After the receiving end detects that the Freeze Release bit is valid, the display freezes and the image data is continuously decoded into video data that can be directly played.
  • the disadvantage of the prior art is that even in the case of small bit errors, the decoded image has more frequent image coagulation and poor-quality intra-frame encoded images.
  • a terminal is being Broadcasting. If a terminal line receiving a broadcast has a bit error, this error handling method will cause all terminals in the entire conference to see more frequent and poor-quality intra-frame coded images. The user expresses difficulty in accepting this phenomenon.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for processing bit errors in transmission of a compression-encoded image, which can avoid or reduce image freezing at the transmitting end and the receiving end of intra-frame encoding, and improve image quality.
  • a method for processing bit errors in transmission of compression-encoded images which is characterized in that: when a receiving end detects an error, discard the image codes with errors before decoding the image code stream data Stream data, and use the image data at the corresponding position of the previous frame to replace the discarded image data, and then decode the image code stream data.
  • the receiving end sets a flag array to record the position where the bit error occurs.
  • the receiving end discards the image data with bit errors before the image data is decoded, specifically: discards the GOB data containing the bit errors.
  • the receiving end decodes the image data
  • the discarded image data before the error is specifically: when the error occurs in the first GOB of a frame, the entire frame of the error occurred frame is discarded; when the error does not occur in a frame If the GFID of the GOB where the error occurs is the same as the GFID of the next GOB in the first GOB, the data of the GOB where the error occurs is discarded; if the error is not the first occurrence of a frame, When the GFID of the GOB where the error occurs is different from the GFID of the next GOB, the receiver searches backward for the next frame header and discards the start of the GOB where the error occurred Data from the beginning of the next frame header.
  • the transmitting end forcibly sets a fixed number of MBs in each frame as an intra-frame encoding mode, and the MBs in adjacent frames that are forcibly set as the intra-frame encoding mode are adjacent on the screen position.
  • the number of MBs forced to be set to the intra-coding method described in each frame of the CIF image is three, and the number of MBs forced to be set to the intra-coding method described in each frame of the image of other formats may be Adjust proportionally with the image size.
  • the receiving end outputs a specific image.
  • the present invention takes into account the actual needs of the user and the specific status of the conference, and can avoid or reduce the image freeze at the transmitting end and the receiving end. Since the scene changes little during the meeting, the error can be masked well, thereby improving the image quality.
  • Figure 1 shows the composition of the H.261CIF format.
  • FIG. 2 shows the composition of the H.263CIF format.
  • the receiving end freezes and displays, and sends a FastUpdate instruction to the transmitting end through conference control.
  • the sender receives the instruction, that is, encodes the intra frame and sends the Freeze Release position to valid in the code stream.
  • the display freezes.
  • the decoded image will have more frequent image coagulation and poor-quality intra-frame encoded images, which makes it difficult for the user to accept the image quality.
  • the present invention recognizes that, in a conference television or a videophone service, the scene of an image generally changes little, so in many cases it is not necessary to freeze and display the retransmitted data, and only the data in the corresponding position of the previous frame is used to cover the error. The data of the code is sufficient. After such a bit error handling measure, the image quality at the receiving end is improved and it is easier to obtain user approval.
  • the code stream received by the receiving end first receives a cyclic redundancy (CRC) check at the multiplexing layer, and then passes the video data to the video decoding layer through the video receiving buffer.
  • the data in the video receiving buffer is of FEC frame structure.
  • the decoder performs error detection and de-frame structure on this data, extracts the simple image code stream data, and puts it in a pure code stream buffer to be decoded by the decoder.
  • a flag array is set corresponding to the pure code stream buffer, and is used to record the position where the bit error occurs.
  • the flag array may correspond to "" ⁇ "of the pure code stream buffer, that is, the length of the flag array is the same as the length of the code stream data in the pure code stream buffer.
  • the values of the bits of the flag array are used to represent the pure code stream. Whether the corresponding code stream data bits in the buffer are bit errors.
  • the error situation is divided into a large error situation and a small error situation.
  • small bit errors first use the FEC method recommended in standards H. 261 and H. 263 for error detection. If a bit error is detected, the FEC frame is discarded and marked as a bit error at the corresponding position in the flag array.
  • the head of the previous GOB and record the GFID search the head of the previous GOB and record the GFID, and search backward the head of the next GOB and record the GFID. If the two GFIDs are the same, the data of the GOB where the bit error is located is discarded. If the two GFIDs are different, search the frame header of the next frame backwards and discard all data between the beginning of the GOB where the bit error is located and the beginning of the next frame header.
  • the GFID mentioned here is a flag bit defined in H.263, which indicates the sequence number of the frame where the GOB is located. If the two GFIDs are different, it means that the two GOBs are in different frames. If the two GFIDs are the same, then It shows that two GOBs are located in the same frame.
  • the protocol is H.261, it is only necessary to determine the start position of the GOB in the buffer and the start position of the next GOB, and discard all data between them. This work can be achieved by searching the GOB head forward and searching the GOB head backward.
  • the masking method is to replace the discarded image content with the corresponding data of the previous frame.
  • a forced intra-block strategy can be used to eliminate the spread of tails.
  • three MBs are forcibly set to an intra-frame encoding mode per frame, regardless of whether the original is an inter-frame encoding mode or an encoding mode is not required.
  • the spatial positions of the three MBs in a frame can be adjacent, such as three MBs—one by one in a row, or one by one in a row, or one by one in a diagonal Lines can also be spaced, but the three MBs in the current frame should be different from the three MBs in the previous frame Adjacent to the screen position, for example, the three MBs in the previous frame are selected in the order of increasing or decreasing MB number in the frame. Since the diffusion of error images always occurs in adjacent MBs, the sequential method can more effectively eliminate the spread of smearing than the general random method.
  • the present invention takes into account the actual needs of the user and the specific status of the conference, and can avoid or reduce image freezing at the receiving end. Since the scene generally changes very little during a meeting, the bit errors can be masked well, thereby improving the image quality.

Description

压缩编码图像传输中的误码处理方法 技术领域
本发明涉及多媒体技术中的图像通信领域， 特别是涉及经压缩编码 的图像在传输中产生的误码的处理方法。 发明背景
会议电视和可视电话都应用到图像通信技术， 以及对图像压缩编码 后传输的技术。 在实时双向视频通信中， 如会议电视， 视频信息按照国 际标准压缩为码流数据进行传输。 目前通常采用的图像编码国际标准为
ITU - T (国际电联)提出的 H. 26X标准 (如 H. 261和 H. 263 ) , 在 H. 26X标 作为会议电视统一的图像信号格式， 以适应国际上流行的 PAL、 NTSC、 SECAM等不同电视制式。
下面以 CIF格式为例简单介绍 H. 26X标准中定义的数字视频格式的结 构。 图 1和图 2分别示出了 H. 261CIF格式和 H. 263CIF格式的组成结构， 如 图 1及图 2所示， 每帧图像被划分为多个 GOB (块组） ， 每一 GOB又被划分 为多个 MB (宏块） ， MB又被进一步划分因与本发明不相关不再赘述。 与 图像的划分格式相对应， H. 26X标准的压缩编码图像在传输中的数据码 流分为若干层， 图像层包含图像层头和 GOB层数据， GOB层包含 GOB层头 和 MB层数据， MB层又包含 MB层头和下一层的数据， 等等。 由于压缩码流 的信息冗余度较低， 因而在传输过程中引入的传输信道误码对接收端图 像质量影响很大。
一般接收端都会设置误码检测的手段， 如利用前向纠错（FEC )进行 误码检测， 在发现误码的情况下， 现有技术中的一种误码处理方法， 利 用多点会议的 Fas tUpdate指令， 当接收端检测出有误码时， 即凝固本接 收端的显示， 即暂停将图像数据解码为可直接播放的视频数据的解码操 作， 通过会议控制向发送端发出 Fas tUpdate指令。 发送端收到指令， 即 编码发送帧内帧， 将当前帧进行帧内编码并发送， 并在码流中将 Freeze Release位置为有效。 接收端检测出 Freeze Release位为有效后， 即解 除显示凝固， 继续将图像数据解码为可直接播放的视频数据。
现有技术的缺点在于， 即使在误码不大的情况下， 解码图像也有较 频繁的图像凝固与质量较差的帧内编码图像出现， 尤其在一个多方参与 的电视会议中， 一个终端正在被广播， 如果某个接收广播的终端线路有 误码， 这一误码处理方式会导致整个会议所有终端看到较频繁的质量较 差的帧内编码图像出现， 用户对这一现象表示很难接受。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种压缩编码图像传输中的误码处理方法， 其可避免或减少发送端的帧内编码发送及接收端的图像凝固， 提高图像 质量。
本发明的目的是这样实现的： 一种压缩编码图像传输中的误码处理 方法， 其特征在于： 当接收端检测出有误码时在图像码流数据解码前丟 弃有误码的图像码流数据， 并采用前帧相应位置的图像数据替代被丢弃 的图像数据， 然后再进行图像码流数据解码。
较佳地， 对应于解码前的图像码流数据， 接收端设置标志数组用以 记录出现误码的位置。
较佳地，在图像编码标准为 H. 261的情况下，接收端在图像数据解码 前丟弃有误码的图像数据， 具体为： 丢弃含有误码的 GOB的数据。
较佳地，在图像编码标准为 H. 263的情况下，接收端在图像数据解码 前丢弃有误码的图像数据， 具体为： 在误码发生在一帧的第一个 GOB中 的情况下， 则丟弃误码发生帧的整帧数据； 在误码不是发生在一帧的第 一个 GOB中， 且发生误码的 GOB的 GFID与相邻的下一个 GOB的 GFID相同的 情况下， 则丟弃误码所在的 GOB的数据； 在误码不是发生在一帧的第一 个 GOB中， 且发生误码的 GOB的 GFID与相邻的下一个 GOB的 GFID不相同的 情况下， 接收端向后搜索下一个帧头， 并丟弃从误码所在的 GOB的起始 处到该下一个帧头的起始处之间的数据。
较佳地，发送端将每帧中固定数目的多个 MB强制设为帧内编码方式， 且相邻帧的所述被强制设为帧内编码方式的 MB在屏幕位置上相邻。
较佳地， 对于 CIF图像每桢中所述的被强制设为帧内编码方式的 MB 为三个， 对于其它格式图像每帧中所述的被强制设为帧内编码方式的 MB 个数可随图像大小做等比例调整。
较佳地， 对大误码与小误码采用不同的对策， 在大误码的情况下， 接收端输出一特定的图像。
本发明相较于现有技术更多地考虑了用户的实际需求及会议的具体 状态， 可以避免或减少发送端的帧内编码发送及接收端的图像凝固。 由 于开会时场景变化很少， 所以可以使误码能被掩盖得 4艮好， 从而提高了 图像质量。 附图简要说明
图 1示出了 H. 261CIF格式的组成结构。
图 2示出了 H. 263CIF格式的组成结构。 实施本发明的方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细描述。 现有技术中接收端在检出误码后， 即凝固显示， 通过会议控制向发 送端发出 FastUpdate指令。 发送端收到指令， 即编码发送帧内帧， 并在 码流中将 Freeze Release位置为有效。 接收端检测出 Freeze Release位 为有效后， 即解除显示凝固。 现有技术中的误码处理方法， 即使在小误 码的情况下， 解码图像也会有较频繁的图像凝固与质量较差的帧内编码 图像出现， 导致图像质量很难为用户接受。
本发明认识到， 在会议电视中或可视电话业务中， 图像的场景一般 变化很小， 因此在很多情况下不需要凝固显示重传数据， 而只需采用前 帧相应位置的数据覆盖有误码的数据即可。 经过如此的误码处理措施， 接收端的图像质量得到提高， 更易获得用户认可。
在本发明的一个较佳实施例中， 接收端接收的码流在复用层先接受 循环冗余（CRC )校验， 然后将视频数据通过视频接收緩冲传递给视频 解码层。 视频接收緩冲中的数据是 FEC帧结构的， 解码器对这一数据进 行检错、 去帧结构， 取出单纯的图像码流数据， 放于一纯码流緩冲中等 待由解码器进行解码。 本较佳实施例中对应于纯码流緩冲设置了标志数 组， 用于记录出现误码的位置。 该标志数组可以是与纯码流緩冲一"" ^对 应的， 即该标志数组的长度与纯码流緩冲中码流数据的长度相同， 标志 数组的各位的数值用于表示纯码流緩冲中的对应码流数据位是否为误 码。
本实施例中将误码情况区分为大误码情况和小误码情况分别处理。 对小误码情况，首先采用标准 H. 261与 H. 263中推荐的 FEC方法进行检 错。 若检出有误码， 则丟弃该 FEC帧， 并在标志数组相应的位置标记为 误码。
在处理去 FEC帧结构后的单纯码流数据时，首先检查标志数组中是否 有误码标记， 若没有误码标记， 则可以直接将数据送给码流解码模块。 若检测到误码标记， 则需要进行弃数据处理。 如果协议为 H. 263 , 在本 实施例中需要做的工作可分为人、 B、 C三个步骤如下：
A、 确定误码发生的 GOB序号及緩冲中 GOB的起始位置。 这一工作通 过向前搜索 GOB头可以实现。
B、 若为一帧的第一个 GOB, 则向后搜索下一帧的帧头。 丢弃误码发 生帧的整帧数据。
C、若不是一帧的第一个 GOB,则向前搜索上一个 GOB的头并记录 GFID, 向后搜索下一个 GOB的头并记录 GFID。 若两个 GFID相同， 则丟弃误码所 在 GOB的数据。 若两个 GFID不同， 则向后搜索下一帧的帧头， 丟弃误码 所在 GOB起始处到下一帧头起始处之间的所有数据。 这里所说的 GFID是 在 H. 263中定义的一个标志位， 表示了该 GOB所在帧的序号， 如果两个 GFID不同， 则说明两个 GOB位于不同的帧中， 如果两个 GFID相同， 则说 明两个 GOB位于同一帧中。
如果协议为 H. 261 , 只需确定緩冲中误码所在 GOB的起始位置与下一 GOB的开始位置， 丢弃之间的所有数据。 这一工作通过向前搜索 GOB头， 向后搜索 GOB头可以实现。
丢弃数据完成后， 解码端需进行错误掩盖。 掩盖方法是用前一帧的 相应数据替代被丟弃的图像内容。
经过上述处理， 开会时由于场景变化很少， 所以小误码能被掩盖得 很好。 但画面存在较大活动对象时， 活动部分会留下较明显的拖尾。 为 此可采用强制帧内块策略消除拖尾的扩散。 对于 CIF图像， 即每帧将三 个 MB强制设为帧内编码方式， 不管原来是帧间编码方式， 还是无需编码 方式。 一帧中三个 MB的空间位置可以是相邻的， 如三个 MB—个挨一个的 排成一排， 或是一个挨一个的排成一列， 或是一个挨一个的排成一个对 角线， 也可以是间隔开的， 但当前帧中的三个 MB应与前一帧中的三个 MB 在屏幕位置上相邻， 例如是前一帧中的三个 MB按照帧内 MB序号递增或递 减的顺序选取的。 由于错误图像的扩散总是发生在相邻的 MB中， 顺序方 式相对一般的随机方式能更有效地消除拖尾的扩散。
对大误码情况， 即使经过处理， 图像质量劣化仍较大， 此时输出一 特定的图像， 例如兰屏， 并叠加显示字幕， 说明有误码。
本发明相较于现有技术更多地考虑了用户的实际需求及会议的具体 状态， 可以避免或减少接收端的图像凝固。 由于开会时场景一般变化很 少， 所以可以把误码能被掩盖得很好， 从而提高了图像质量。
本领域的普通技术人员应当理解的是， 以上实施例仅用以说明本发 明而非限制， 可以对本发明进行修改、 等同替换， 或者将不同特征进行 组合， 而不脱离本发明的精神和范围， 其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求 范围当中。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种压缩编码图像传输中的误码处理方法， 其特征在于： 当 接收端检测出有误码时在图像码流数据解码前丢弃有误码的图像码流 数据， 并采用前帧相应位置的图像数据替代被丟弃的图像数据， 然后再 进行图像码流数据解码。
2、 如权利要求 1 所述的压缩编码图像传输中的误码处理方法， 其特征在于： 对应于解码前的图像码流数据， 接收端设置标志数组用以 记录出现误码的位置。
3、 如权利要求 1 所述的压缩编码图像传输中的误码处理方法， 其特征在于： 在图像编码标准为 H. 261的情况下， 接收端在图像数据解 码前丟弃有误码的图像数据， 具体为： 丟弃含有误码的 GOB的数据。
4、 如权利要求 1 所述的压缩编码图像传输中的误码处理方法， 其特征在于： 在图像编码标准为 H. 263的情况下， 接收端在图像数据解 码前丟弃有误码的图像数据， 具体为： 在误码发生在一帧的第一个 GOB 中的情况下， 则丢弃误码发生帧的整帧数据； 在误码不是发生在一帧的 第一个 GOB中， 且发生误码的 GOB的 GFID与相邻的下一个 GOB的 GFID 相同的情况下， 则丟弃误码所在的 GOB的数据； 在误码不是发生在一帧 的第一个 GOB中，且发生误码的 GOB的 GFID与相邻的下一个 GOB的 GFID 不相同的情况下，接收端向后搜索下一个帧头，并丢弃从误码所在的 GOB 的起始处到该下一个帧头的起始处之间的数据。
5、 如权利要求 1 所述的压缩编码图像传输中的误码处理方法， 其特征在于： 发送端将每帧中固定数目的多个 MB 强制设为帧内编码方 式， 且相邻帧的所述被强制设为帧内编码方式的 MB在屏幕位置上相邻。
6、 如权利要求 5 所述的压缩编码图像传输中的误码处理方法， 其特征在于：对于 CIF图像每帧中所述的被强制设为帧内编码方式的 MB 为三个，对于其它格式图像每帧中所述的被强制设为帧内编码方式的 MB 个数可随图像大小做等比例调整。
7、 如权利要求 1 所述的压缩编码图像传输中的误码处理方法， 其特征在于： 对大误码与小误码采用不同的对策， 在大误码的情况下， 接收端输出一特定的图像。
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