WO2003010480A2 - Compact fluid to fluid heat exchanger - Google Patents
Compact fluid to fluid heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003010480A2 WO2003010480A2 PCT/US2002/018987 US0218987W WO03010480A2 WO 2003010480 A2 WO2003010480 A2 WO 2003010480A2 US 0218987 W US0218987 W US 0218987W WO 03010480 A2 WO03010480 A2 WO 03010480A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- channels
- fluid
- heat
- enclosure
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/003—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by using permeable mass, perforated or porous materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
- H01L23/46—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids
- H01L23/473—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids by flowing liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
- Y10S165/907—Porous
Definitions
- This invention deals generally with heat exchangers and more specifically with a compact fluid to fluid heat exchanger.
- Typical heat exchangers use thermal conduction through metal structures with a structure exposed to heat from a fluid on one side of a surface and with a cooling fluid on the other side of the surface.
- Cooling a high power density heat exchanger surface that is, a surface through which intense heat is being transferred, is a particularly difficult problem. If the heat is delivered to a heat exchanger surface in multiple locations, or' generally across the entire surface, the heat removal must similarly be over the entire surface. In the simplest configurations, such as with liquids flowing through cooling pipes attached to the opposite sides of a heat exchanger plate, just the thermal resistance through the heat exchanger plate, between the heat input fluid and the heat removal fluid, can permit the temperature of the hotter fluid to rise too high.
- U.S. Patent 5,727,618 by undinger et al suggests one typical approach for cooling a high power density surface of a laser diode array. That patent discloses channels in a solid plate adjacent to the heated surface.
- U.S. Patent 5,205,353 by illemsen et al discloses alternating complimentary wedge shaped channels formed in a porous layer, with fluid fed into every other channel and out the channels between the input channels.
- Such channeled designs suffer from several shortcomings. Those with solid channels such as Mundinger et al are easier to manufacture, but only directly cool the portions of the heated surface in contact with the fluid channels. The balance of the heated surface must conduct heat through the heated structure to reach the portions in contact with the fluid in the same manner as is required for attached pipes .
- the invention is an easily assembled heat exchanger using an internal porous metal pad.
- the heat exchanger is constructed of two halves each with only four simple parts. Each half includes a cup shaped casing, a pad of sintered porous metal, a manifold block with channels, and a lid. Each lid includes input and output fluid holes which are connected to sets of alternating channels in the manifold block, so that adjacent channels are isolated from each other and are connected to only either the input or the output holes. Thus, the only access between the adjacent input and output channels is through the sintered metal wick which is sandwiched between the manifold block and the bottom of the casing.
- Fluid flow through the wick thereby affects the bottom of the casing which is held in heat conducting contact with an exact duplicate half so that heat transfer occurs between the liquids flowing in both halves.
- Another embodiment simply uses a single bottom piece with the two halves attached to opposite surfaces of the bottom.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective exterior view of the preferred embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of one identical half of the heat exchanger of the preferred embodiment of the invention with the pan of the second half shown on the opposite side of a center plane.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the manifold block of each half of the preferred embodiment of the invention showing the side with the channels.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the lid of each half of the preferred embodiment of the invention showing the surface which contacts the manifold block.
- FIG. 5 is a cross section view across the channels of the manifold block of an alternate embodiment of the invention with modifications of the manifold block and porous pad.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective exterior view of heat exchanger 10 of the preferred embodiment of the invention in which pan 12 of one half of heat exchanger 10 is attached to pan 13 of the second half of heat exchanger 10 at center plane 11.
- Pipe 15 supplies cold liquid to the half of heat exchanger 10 within pan 12, and the liquid leaves pan 12 through pipe 17 after being heated by heat transferred from the liquid in pan 13 of the second half of heat exchanger 10.
- the heat is put into the second half of heat exchanger 10 within pan 13 by hot liquid flowing into pipe 23.
- the heat from this hot liquid is transferred to the cold liquid flowing within pan 12, and the liquid leaving pan 13 from pipe 25 is then cold.
- the transfer of heat is explained in the subsequent discussions in regard to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.
- the basic purpose of heat exchanger 10 can either be to cool the liquid flowing through pan 13 or to heat the liquid flowing through pan 12.
- the two halves of heat exchanger 10 are identical, either half can be used for the heat input.
- FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of one identical half of heat exchanger 10 of the preferred embodiment of the invention with only pan 13 of the second half shown on the opposite side of center plane 11.
- Each half of heat exchanger 10 is constructed with only four major parts, pan 12, porous pad 14, manifold block 16, and lid 18.
- Pans 12 and 13 function as the casing of heat exchanger 10, and in the preferred embodiment the pans are shaped generally as rectangular prisms with slightly rounded internal corners, although the shape of the enclosed volume of pans 12 and 13 is not critical.
- Bottom 20 is a thin solid structure and is the surface which is placed into a heat transfer relationship with the bottom of pan 13 of the other half of heat exchanger 10. Bottom 20 should therefore be a good heat conductor, and a 0.4 mm thick copper sheet is used in the preferred embodiment.
- Porous pad 14 covers the entire interior bottom 20 of its related pan. Porous pad 14 is thin enough so that virtually all the fluid flowing through it is affected by the heat flowing through bottom 20 of pan 12.
- pad 14 is 0.8 mm thick and constructed of sintered copper powder with a grain size in the range between 0.21 mm and 0.25 mm. Pad 14 is constructed with a 60 percent density of copper.
- porous pad 14 is bonded to the inner surface of pan bottom 20. In the preferred embodiment this bond is accomplished by brazing, but it is also practical to sinter the porous pad directly onto the bottom surface, and other bonding methods are also possible.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of manifold blocks 16 of heat exchanger 10 showing surface 32 with channels 24 and 26.
- Surface 32 is the surface of manifold block 16 opposite from surface 30 seen in FIG. 2.
- Surface 32 of manifold block 16 contacts surface 22 of porous pad 14 which is opposite from the surface of pad 14 which is in contact with the inner surface of bottom 20 of pan 12.
- the two sets of channels, 24 and 26, are composed of alternating channels, and, as seen in FIG. 2, the sets of channels open onto opposite ends of surface 30 of manifold block 16.
- the sets of channels open onto opposite ends of surface 30 of manifold block 16.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of lid 18 of the preferred embodiment of heat exchanger 10 showing surface 34 which faces manifold block 16 when heat exchanger 10 is assembled.
- Lid 18 includes fluid access holes 36 and 38, each of which connects to one of two isolated chambers 42 and 44 formed when lid 18 is assembled into heat exchanger 10.
- Barrier 40 both spaces lid 18 from surface 30 of manifold block 16 to form chambers 42 and 44 and isolates the two chambers from each other.
- Spacers 46 and 48 are also attached to surface 34 of lid 18 to stabilize lid 18.
- heat exchanger 10 When heat exchanger 10 is assembled by moving and bonding two identical sets of parts together as indicated by the directional arrows in FIG. 2, heat exchanger 10 operates in a very simple manner. With fluid fed into either access hole 36 or 38 by pipes (shown in FIG. 1) attached to them by conventional means, fluid entering, for instance, hole 36 enters chamber 42 and then into channels 24. With channels 24 filled with fluid, the fluid pressure pushes fluid through porous pad 14, the only exit from channels 24. The fluid then moves through pad 14 into channels 26, located on both sides of channels 24. Traveling this path, fluid moves through the entire volume of pad 14 and in close thermal contact with bottom 20 of pan 12 to provide excellent heat transfer with bottom 20 which is in contact with the other half of assembled heat exchanger 10. The fluid then exits channels 26 into chamber 44 and out of lid 18 through hole 38. Of course the other half of heat exchanger 10 operates in a similar manner.
- FIG. 5 is a cross section view across the channels of an alternate embodiment 50 of the invention with modifications of the manifold block and porous pad which create a more uniform temperature across pan bottom 20.
- Porous pad 52 and manifold block 54 have mating sawtooth shaped surfaces at junction 56, and this configuration creates variations in the thickness of porous pad 52.
- This variation in the cross section area of the liquid flow path through porous pad 52 causes a variation in the velocity of the liquid flowing through porous pad 52, so that the liquid flow increases velocity as it moves toward output channels 60.
- This increase in velocity means that when the liquid is coolest, as it enters porous pad 52, it will be moving slowest, and when the liquid is the warmest, as it leaves porous pad 52, it will be moving the fastest.
- Such an increase in velocity compensates for the poorer heat transfer which would otherwise result because of the smaller temperature difference between the heat source and the cooling liquid near the output, and the variation in the thickness of porous pad 52 thereby provides a more uniform temperature across both pan bottom 20 and the other half of the heat exchanger being cooled.
- the heat exchanger of the present invention thereby provides improved heat transfer between two moving fluids although it is constructed of a minimum number of simple parts.
- porous pad 14 can be constructed with different materials such as ceramic, with different structures such as screen, metal felt, and foamed metal , or with particles bonded together by methods other than sintering.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/911,762 | 2001-07-24 | ||
US09/911,762 US6405792B1 (en) | 2001-07-24 | 2001-07-24 | Compact fluid to fluid heat exchanger |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003010480A2 true WO2003010480A2 (en) | 2003-02-06 |
Family
ID=25430822
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2002/018987 WO2003010480A2 (en) | 2001-07-24 | 2002-06-17 | Compact fluid to fluid heat exchanger |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6405792B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003010480A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8240361B2 (en) | 2006-11-02 | 2012-08-14 | The Boeing Company | Combined thermal protection and surface temperature control system |
US20090288814A1 (en) * | 2008-05-20 | 2009-11-26 | The Boeing Company. | Mixed Carbon Foam/Metallic Heat Exchanger |
ATE554361T1 (en) * | 2009-04-28 | 2012-05-15 | Abb Research Ltd | HEAT PIPE WITH TWISTED TUBE |
EP2246654B1 (en) * | 2009-04-29 | 2013-12-11 | ABB Research Ltd. | Multi-row thermosyphon heat exchanger |
EP3594606A1 (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2020-01-15 | W. Schoonen Beheer B.V. | Filling for heat exchanger |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3364951A (en) | 1965-04-22 | 1968-01-23 | Olin Mathieson | Heat exchanger |
IL61466A (en) * | 1980-11-12 | 1984-11-30 | Univ Ramot | Heat-exchanger particularly useful for low temperature applications,and method and apparatus for making same |
US4516632A (en) | 1982-08-31 | 1985-05-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Deparment Of Energy | Microchannel crossflow fluid heat exchanger and method for its fabrication |
US5002122A (en) | 1984-09-25 | 1991-03-26 | Thermacore, Inc. | Tunnel artery wick for high power density surfaces |
US5205353A (en) | 1989-11-30 | 1993-04-27 | Akzo N.V. | Heat exchanging member |
US5267611A (en) | 1993-01-08 | 1993-12-07 | Thermacore, Inc. | Single phase porous layer heat exchanger |
US5727618A (en) | 1993-08-23 | 1998-03-17 | Sdl Inc | Modular microchannel heat exchanger |
US6131650A (en) | 1999-07-20 | 2000-10-17 | Thermal Corp. | Fluid cooled single phase heat sink |
-
2001
- 2001-07-24 US US09/911,762 patent/US6405792B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-06-17 WO PCT/US2002/018987 patent/WO2003010480A2/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6405792B1 (en) | 2002-06-18 |
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