WO2003081332A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur lichtmodulation - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur lichtmodulation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003081332A1 WO2003081332A1 PCT/EP2003/003073 EP0303073W WO03081332A1 WO 2003081332 A1 WO2003081332 A1 WO 2003081332A1 EP 0303073 W EP0303073 W EP 0303073W WO 03081332 A1 WO03081332 A1 WO 03081332A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrodes
- gas
- light
- granular gas
- modulation
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/1685—Operation of cells; Circuit arrangements affecting the entire cell
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/12—Function characteristic spatial light modulator
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for light modulation according to the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention further relates to an apparatus for performing the method.
- liquid crystals such as liquid crystal displays (LCD) or ferroelectric liquid crystal displays (FLCD), micromirrors (individual and matrix), electro- and acousto-optic modulators (Kerr and Pockels cell, AOM) and electrophoretic displays.
- LCD liquid crystal displays
- FLCD ferroelectric liquid crystal displays
- micromirrors individual and matrix
- electro- and acousto-optic modulators Kerr and Pockels cell, AOM
- electrophoretic displays the charged particles are in a suspension, that is, they swim in an electrically insulating liquid.
- the light of any source and wavelength in particular also the coherent, parallel light of a laser
- the light is coupled into the apparatus or device described here and also referred to below as the “modulation cell”.
- This coupling may require different optics depending on the light source and application.
- charged particles move in a gas or in a vacuum and generate a so-called "granular gas".
- granular gas which is essentially a homogeneous cloud of powder particles (mist)
- the granular gas is generated by external electrostatic forces which act on the electrically charged powder particles.
- the light intensity is modulated by the controlled granular gas.
- the light emerging from the cell is imaged by optics.
- the light modulation in particular the coherent, parallel light of a laser, is carried out according to the invention by means of the controlled granular gas.
- the light beam that is radiated into the modulation cell is referred to as a light beam, which can be both a laser beam and the collimated and / or focused light from any other light source.
- the apparatus can be used, for example, as a variable, quickly switchable gray filter that attenuates an entire light bundle or parts thereof.
- SLM spatial light modulator
- the basic modulation cell there are two electrodes 1, 2 at a distance z from one another.
- an electrically charged powder 5 In the space between the two electrodes 1, 2 there is an electrically charged powder 5 and an arbitrarily dense gas or a vacuum.
- electrodes 1, 2 are coated with an optional electrically insulating layer 3, 4 of thickness d 1 or d 2 , as will be explained below.
- U 0 an applied and / or substantially constant voltage U 0 between the electrodes 1, 2
- the powder particles adhere to the insulating layers 3, 4.
- the light to be modulated with the intensity l 0 falls laterally into the cell and crosses it unhindered.
- the particles do not move synchronously because they adhere to the electrodes by a different force, i.e. the powder particles begin to move at different times.
- the particles move back and forth between the electrodes, interact with one another and thus produce a granular gas 6.
- a F / m through this force
- Q the charge
- m the mass of a powder particle.
- U- the frequency of the voltage U-, above which no more homogeneous granular gas can be generated between the electrodes, since the powder particles are too sluggish and only cover a fraction of the distance z in the rapidly changing electrical field.
- This cut-off frequency depends on the distance between the electrodes z and the mass and charge of the powder particles.
- the voltage U. is specified with a frequency lower than the limit frequency.
- the lower limit of the frequency is the frequency from which the powder particles can be moved from one electrode to the other depending on the above-mentioned parameters.
- the ratio of I. to l 0 depends on the length of the distance that the light travels through the granular gas, and the density and scattering or absorption capacity of the granular gas.
- An electric field, which limits the powder to the space between the electrodes, can be realized by dividing the electrodes 1, 2 according to FIG. 2 into several individual electrodes, which can be independently assigned a voltage, and in the following as control and Limiting electrodes are called.
- the control electrodes serve to generate (switch on and switch off) the granular gas, and the limiting electrodes create a potential barrier and prevent the powder particles from leaving the modulation cell.
- the upper and lower electrodes each consist of a control and a limiting electrode, which in this case are rectangular, but as mentioned, can have any shape depending on the application (polygon, Ellipse).
- the electrodes 7 and 8 or 9 and 10 are separated by a distance d and in this case they are all covered by an electrically insulating layer 11.
- the control electrodes 7, 9 serve to generate the granular gas and the outer limiting electrodes 8, 10 ensure that the powder particles 12 cannot leave the modulation cell. If, for example, the powder is charged positively, this is achieved by connecting the limiting electrodes 8, 10 positively to the control electrodes 7, 9, that is to say U 4 > U 3 and U 6 > U 5 .
- U 4 > U 3 and U 6 > U 5 By choosing the right voltage U 3 . 6 , which vary in time and among one another, a granular gas 12 is thus generated, which is essentially limited to the space between the control electrodes 7, 9.
- an SLM that is, a modulation cell that consists of a series of individual pixels that can modulate parts of a light beam independently of one another.
- any or defined number of cells, as in FIG. 3, are placed next to one another and / or specified.
- an SLM as in FIG. 4 can be implemented according to the invention.
- the cell consists of eight pixels (in theory, however, of any number), which can be switched on and off individually via the first control electrodes 13.
- the second lower control electrode 14 according to FIG. 4 is in this case a continuous surface, but depending on the application it can also be split into a plurality of control electrodes or be geometrically identical to the upper control electrode.
- the boundary electrodes 15, 16 serve to limit the granular gas 17 to the cell.
- Each of these electrodes can be supplied with a voltage independently of one another, as a result of which the granular gas 17 can be switched in each pixel.
- the light that traverses the cell in the y direction can be modulated independently in each individual pixel.
- some or all of the electrodes can also be divided in the y direction in such an SLM.
- the distance between the electrodes and their geometric shape also depend on the desired light modulation.
- the path of the light penetrating the granular gas subregions is definable and / or changeable. According to the invention, the degree of modulation is thus predetermined.
- the electrodes were limited to two levels in the vertical direction, but this is not necessarily so.
- the control electrodes 18, 19 generate the granular gas from the powder 20, and the boundary electrodes 21, 22 in this case prevent the powder particles from sticking to the walls of the cell and hold the powder between the control electrodes. All electrodes are covered by an electrically insulating layer 23. Since the light to be modulated is also directed through the gap between the control electrodes in an encapsulated cell, the limiting electrodes must either be transparent 21, e.g.
- ITO Indium zinc oxide
- the insulating layer 23 and the substrate 24 on which the limiting electrode is located in this case must consist of a transparent material.
- the number and the geometric shape and arrangement of the electrodes depend on the particular application, so that SLMs can also be implemented.
- the dimensions of the modulation cell and the powder particles depend on the respective application, in particular on the switching speed that you want to achieve. The smaller the dimensions, the faster the granular gas can be switched and thus the light can be modulated, and the lower the voltage required to generate the granular gas.
- Typical distances of the electrodes z, in Figure 1 are in the range of 1 mm to 0.1 mm and typical voltages for generating the granular gas are between I000V and 50V.
- the geometric dimensions of the control and limiting electrodes can be in the range of micrometers but also centimeters and depend on the desired light modulation.
- the modulation cells can be easily produced, for example, by photolithographic processes, which are particularly suitable for writing even small structures.
- FIG. 6 shows a preferred possibility of realizing the modulation cell according to FIG. 3.
- the control electrode 26, (7, 9 in FIG. 3) and the limiting electrode 27 (8, 10 in FIG. 3) can be supplied with a voltage separately ,
- the optional thin insulating layer 28 (11 in FIG. 3) can be sputtered, evaporated or applied in the form of dissolved polymers by spin coating. Two such glass plates 5 are then separated by a spacer and can be used as a modulation cell after introducing a charged powder.
- the powder can be electrically charged before the powder is introduced into the modulation cell, but under certain conditions also directly in the cell. If the powder consists of a poorly or non-conductive material, one of the electrodes can be uninsulated (d 1 or d 2 equal to zero in FIG. 1), and the powder can be charged directly via one of the control electrodes. It takes a long time (minutes to hours) to charge the poorly conductive powder, but the powder particles also hold their charge for a long time and release it only slowly.
- FIG. 8 shows the section through a modulation cell with the two control electrodes 34, 35, insulating layers 36, powder 37 and with an additional charge electrode 38.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/501,621 US7202990B2 (en) | 2002-03-26 | 2003-03-25 | Method and device for light modulation by means of a granular gas |
DE50300966T DE50300966D1 (de) | 2002-03-26 | 2003-03-25 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur lichtmodulation mittels eines granularen gases |
CA002473955A CA2473955C (en) | 2002-03-26 | 2003-03-25 | Method and apparatus for light modulation by means of a granular gas |
AT03718707T ATE301844T1 (de) | 2002-03-26 | 2003-03-25 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur lichtmodulation mittels eines granularen gases |
EP03718707A EP1490728B1 (de) | 2002-03-26 | 2003-03-25 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur lichtmodulation mittels eines granularen gases |
AU2003222778A AU2003222778B2 (en) | 2002-03-26 | 2003-03-25 | Method and device for light modulation by means of a granular gas |
JP2003579004A JP4001867B2 (ja) | 2002-03-26 | 2003-03-25 | 光変調方法および装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10213731.5 | 2002-03-26 | ||
DE10213731 | 2002-03-26 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003081332A1 true WO2003081332A1 (de) | 2003-10-02 |
Family
ID=28050905
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2003/003073 WO2003081332A1 (de) | 2002-03-26 | 2003-03-25 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur lichtmodulation |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7202990B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1490728B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4001867B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE301844T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2003222778B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2473955C (de) |
DE (2) | DE50300966D1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2003081332A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006058559A (ja) * | 2004-08-19 | 2006-03-02 | Bridgestone Corp | 画像表示用パネル及びその製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9574586B2 (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2017-02-21 | The Boeing Company | System and method for an electrostatic bypass |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4215324A (en) * | 1978-08-01 | 1980-07-29 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Spatial encoding of a laser beam by means of a Stark cell modulator |
US5280169A (en) * | 1992-12-22 | 1994-01-18 | Honey Richard C | Method and apparatus for limiting optical radiation intensity at an optical sensor using solid particles oscillating in an electric field |
JP2001312225A (ja) * | 1999-07-21 | 2001-11-09 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 画像表示媒体、画像形成方法、及び画像形成装置 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3986871A (en) * | 1973-12-12 | 1976-10-19 | Addressograph-Multigraph Corporation | Charged particle modulator device and improved imaging methods for use thereof |
US4026700A (en) * | 1975-02-24 | 1977-05-31 | Addressograph Multigraph Corporation | Charged particle modulator device and improved imaging methods for use thereof |
US5461397A (en) * | 1992-10-08 | 1995-10-24 | Panocorp Display Systems | Display device with a light shutter front end unit and gas discharge back end unit |
US5855753A (en) * | 1996-11-26 | 1999-01-05 | The Trustees Of Princeton University | Method for electrohydrodynamically assembling patterned colloidal structures |
-
2003
- 2003-03-25 AT AT03718707T patent/ATE301844T1/de active
- 2003-03-25 DE DE50300966T patent/DE50300966D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-25 US US10/501,621 patent/US7202990B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-25 WO PCT/EP2003/003073 patent/WO2003081332A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2003-03-25 DE DE10313506A patent/DE10313506A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2003-03-25 JP JP2003579004A patent/JP4001867B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-03-25 CA CA002473955A patent/CA2473955C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-03-25 AU AU2003222778A patent/AU2003222778B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-03-25 EP EP03718707A patent/EP1490728B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4215324A (en) * | 1978-08-01 | 1980-07-29 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Spatial encoding of a laser beam by means of a Stark cell modulator |
US5280169A (en) * | 1992-12-22 | 1994-01-18 | Honey Richard C | Method and apparatus for limiting optical radiation intensity at an optical sensor using solid particles oscillating in an electric field |
JP2001312225A (ja) * | 1999-07-21 | 2001-11-09 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 画像表示媒体、画像形成方法、及び画像形成装置 |
US6407763B1 (en) * | 1999-07-21 | 2002-06-18 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Image display medium, image-forming method and image-forming apparatus capable of repetitive writing on the image display medium |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2002, no. 03 3 April 2002 (2002-04-03) * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006058559A (ja) * | 2004-08-19 | 2006-03-02 | Bridgestone Corp | 画像表示用パネル及びその製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE50300966D1 (de) | 2005-09-15 |
CA2473955C (en) | 2010-01-12 |
EP1490728B1 (de) | 2005-08-10 |
AU2003222778B2 (en) | 2007-02-08 |
AU2003222778A1 (en) | 2003-10-08 |
JP2005520208A (ja) | 2005-07-07 |
CA2473955A1 (en) | 2003-10-02 |
DE10313506A1 (de) | 2003-11-13 |
JP4001867B2 (ja) | 2007-10-31 |
EP1490728A1 (de) | 2004-12-29 |
ATE301844T1 (de) | 2005-08-15 |
US20050024709A1 (en) | 2005-02-03 |
US7202990B2 (en) | 2007-04-10 |
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