WO2003087788B1 - A method and apparatus for a downhole refractometer and attenuated reflectance spectrometer - Google Patents

A method and apparatus for a downhole refractometer and attenuated reflectance spectrometer

Info

Publication number
WO2003087788B1
WO2003087788B1 PCT/US2003/011095 US0311095W WO03087788B1 WO 2003087788 B1 WO2003087788 B1 WO 2003087788B1 US 0311095 W US0311095 W US 0311095W WO 03087788 B1 WO03087788 B1 WO 03087788B1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sample
light
channel
refractive index
interface
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2003/011095
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2003087788A1 (en
WO2003087788A8 (en
Inventor
Rocco Difoggio
Arnold M Walkow
Paul A Bergren
Original Assignee
Baker Hughes Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Baker Hughes Inc filed Critical Baker Hughes Inc
Priority to BRPI0309090A priority Critical patent/BRPI0309090B8/en
Priority to AU2003234713A priority patent/AU2003234713A1/en
Publication of WO2003087788A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003087788A1/en
Publication of WO2003087788B1 publication Critical patent/WO2003087788B1/en
Publication of WO2003087788A8 publication Critical patent/WO2003087788A8/en
Priority to NO20044579A priority patent/NO337940B1/en

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/08—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
    • E21B49/087—Well testing, e.g. testing for reservoir productivity or formation parameters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/10—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
    • E21B47/113—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements using electrical indications; using light radiations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/3577—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing liquids, e.g. polluted water
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/55—Specular reflectivity
    • G01N21/552—Attenuated total reflection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light

Abstract

The present invention provides a method and apparatus to distinguish between gas and liquid based on the much lower index of refraction of gas. It can also be used to monitor fluid sample clean up over time. The refractive index of a wellbore fluid is determined from the fraction, R, of light reflected off the interface between a transparent window that has a known refractive index and this fluid. Preferably, the refractive index is measured at some wavelength of light for which the fluid is not highly attenuating. However, the adjacent transmission spectrometer can be used to correct the refractive index measurement for attenuation at those wavelengths, which it monitors. Also, this reflection-based refractometer design can be used as an attenuated reflectance spectrometer at highly attenuating wavelengths.

Claims

AMENDED CLAIMS[received by the International Bureau on 27 October 2003 (27.10.03); Claims 1-4, 6, 8, 1 l-13.and 15-17 amended; remaining claims unchanged (6 pages)]
1. An apparatus for measuring an index of refraction for a formation fluid sample, comprising: a channel in communication with a formation for capturing a sample from the formation; a light source for directing light towards an interface between the channel through a first channel wall and. a sample contained in the channel; and an electronic analysis system for measuring a light signal on a continuum reflected from the sample at the interface.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, the fluid channel further comprising: an expansible channel volume to enable changing a pressure on the sample in the expansible volume.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising: a first light rod for delivering light to the sample; a second light rod for collecting light reflected from the sample to be measured; the first and second light rod separated by a maximum of 4 degrees off a line equidistant between the first and second rod in a plane containing -the first and second light rods and perpendicular to an interface between the sample.
4. The apparatus of claim I, the channel further comprising a second channel wall, the second wall further comprising an absorbant region on the second wall to minimize the reflection signal from the second wall during calibration.
29
5. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising: a splitter for diverting a portion of the reflected light signal to an attenuated reflectance spectrometer.
6. A method for measuring an index of refraction of a fluid sample, comprising: containing a sample within a channel; directing a light beam towards an interface between a sample in the channel and the channel; measuring the intensity of a reflected beam of light from the interface; and calculating the refractive index on a continuum of the sample.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising: measuring a continuum of the readings of refractive indices.
8. The method of claim 6, further comprising correcting the determined value of refractive index for an absorbance of light by the sample.
9. The method of claim 6, further comprising: eforming an absorbance correction to the index of refraction.
30
10. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
selecting wavelengths at which a sample is minimally absorbing to avoid having to perform an absorbance correction to the index of refraction.
11. The method of claim 6, further comprising: of distinguishing between oil and gas based on the intensity for determining a bubble point pressure, surface tension, solubility parameters or sample contamination of light reflected at the interface based on small changes detected in a continuum.
12. The method of claim 6, further comprising: determining a dew point of the sample during depressurization.
13. The method of claim 6, further comprising: measuring attenuated reflectance; and obtaining near-infrared and mid-infrared absorbance spectra of the sample from the attenuated reflectance versus wavelength.
14. The method of claim 6, further comprising: monitoring small changes in refractive index associated with reduction in sample contamination.
15. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
positioning a light collection rod a proximate distance from the interface sufficient to maximize the reflected signal from the interface said hght collection rod a maximum of 4 degrees off a line between the light beam and the collection rod.
16. The method of claim 6, further comprising: placing an absorbant region on a surface of the channel to minimize the reflection signal from the channel surface upon which light from the light source is incident.
17. The method of claim 6, further comprising: expanding a volume of the channel to lower a pressure below a bubble point for the sample.
18. The method of claim 6, further comprising: reducing the volume of the channel until a sheet of liquid is detected on the interface to determine the dew point for a sample.
19. The method of claim 6, further comprising: deteπiύning a minimum for the measured refractive index to determine a bubble point pressure for a fluid sample.
32
20. The method of claim 6, further comprising: determining the fraction of total volume occupied by sample molecules per mole to estimate surface tension, bubble point, or flash calculations for the sample.
21. The method of claim 19, further comprising: determining a solubility parameter for the sample using the refractive index.
22. The method of claim 19, further comprising: determining a quantity of at least one of: paraffins, naphthenes, monoaromatics, polyaromatics and sulphur in a sample using a measured refractive index in combination with independently determined molar mass and specific gravity or boiling point and specific gravity.
23. The method of claim 21 , further comprising: estimating at least one of viscosity, thermal conductivity, diffusivity, heat capacity and heat of vaporization using the refractive index in combination with independently determined molar mass and specific gravity or boiling point and specific gravity.
24. The method of claim 6 further comprising: estimating a sample mass density from refractive index.
33
25. The method of claim 6 further comprising: monitoring sample clean up by monitoring continuous refractive index readings for the sample.
26. The method of claim 6 further comprising: determining a percentage of contamination from molecular vibrational spectra obtained with attenuated reflectance spectrometer.
27. The method of claim 6, further comprising: measuring fluorescence for the sample; and con-elating the refractive index for the sample with the fluorescence for the sample to infer a sample property.
28. The method of claims 6, further comprising: diverting a portion of the reflected light beam to an attenuated reflectance spectrometer; and measuring attenuating reflectance.
29. The method of claim 1, further comprising: measuring the refractive index of the sample within 2-3 wavelengths of light deep into the sample.
34
PCT/US2003/011095 2002-04-10 2003-04-10 A method and apparatus for a downhole refractometer and attenuated reflectance spectrometer WO2003087788A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BRPI0309090A BRPI0309090B8 (en) 2002-04-10 2003-04-10 apparatus and method for measuring a refractive index of a fluid sample
AU2003234713A AU2003234713A1 (en) 2002-04-10 2003-04-10 A method and apparatus for a downhole refractometer and attenuated reflectance spectrometer
NO20044579A NO337940B1 (en) 2002-04-10 2004-10-25 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASUREMENT OF REFRIGERANT INDEX

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/119,492 2002-04-10
US10/119,492 US6683681B2 (en) 2002-04-10 2002-04-10 Method and apparatus for a downhole refractometer and attenuated reflectance spectrometer

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003087788A1 WO2003087788A1 (en) 2003-10-23
WO2003087788B1 true WO2003087788B1 (en) 2004-04-15
WO2003087788A8 WO2003087788A8 (en) 2004-07-01

Family

ID=28789934

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2003/011095 WO2003087788A1 (en) 2002-04-10 2003-04-10 A method and apparatus for a downhole refractometer and attenuated reflectance spectrometer

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6683681B2 (en)
AU (1) AU2003234713A1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0309090B8 (en)
NO (1) NO337940B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2318200C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2003087788A1 (en)

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US7852468B2 (en) * 2007-12-14 2010-12-14 Baker Hughes Incorporated Fiber optic refractometer
WO2009128977A2 (en) * 2008-02-12 2009-10-22 Baker Hughes Incorporated Fiber optic sensor system using white light interferometery
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2003087788A1 (en) 2003-10-23
NO20044579L (en) 2004-12-23
NO337940B1 (en) 2016-07-11
US20030193662A1 (en) 2003-10-16
BR0309090A (en) 2005-03-01
WO2003087788A8 (en) 2004-07-01
BRPI0309090B1 (en) 2016-12-13
RU2318200C2 (en) 2008-02-27
BRPI0309090B8 (en) 2017-03-21
AU2003234713A1 (en) 2003-10-27
US6683681B2 (en) 2004-01-27
RU2004133038A (en) 2005-08-10
AU2003234713A8 (en) 2003-10-27

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