WO2003104996A1 - Memory hub with internal cache and/or memory access prediction - Google Patents

Memory hub with internal cache and/or memory access prediction Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2003104996A1
WO2003104996A1 PCT/US2003/018112 US0318112W WO03104996A1 WO 2003104996 A1 WO2003104996 A1 WO 2003104996A1 US 0318112 W US0318112 W US 0318112W WO 03104996 A1 WO03104996 A1 WO 03104996A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
memory
hub
read
interface
coupled
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2003/018112
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Joseph Jeddeloh
Original Assignee
Micron Technology, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Micron Technology, Inc. filed Critical Micron Technology, Inc.
Priority to EP03734483A priority Critical patent/EP1512077A4/en
Priority to JP2004511999A priority patent/JP4677630B2/en
Priority to KR10-2004-7019922A priority patent/KR20050005553A/en
Priority to AU2003238961A priority patent/AU2003238961A1/en
Publication of WO2003104996A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003104996A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
    • G06F12/06—Addressing a physical block of locations, e.g. base addressing, module addressing, memory dedication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
    • G06F12/08—Addressing or allocation; Relocation in hierarchically structured memory systems, e.g. virtual memory systems
    • G06F12/0802—Addressing of a memory level in which the access to the desired data or data block requires associative addressing means, e.g. caches
    • G06F12/0866—Addressing of a memory level in which the access to the desired data or data block requires associative addressing means, e.g. caches for peripheral storage systems, e.g. disk cache
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
    • G06F12/08—Addressing or allocation; Relocation in hierarchically structured memory systems, e.g. virtual memory systems
    • G06F12/0802—Addressing of a memory level in which the access to the desired data or data block requires associative addressing means, e.g. caches
    • G06F12/0862—Addressing of a memory level in which the access to the desired data or data block requires associative addressing means, e.g. caches with prefetch
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
    • G06F12/08—Addressing or allocation; Relocation in hierarchically structured memory systems, e.g. virtual memory systems
    • G06F12/0802—Addressing of a memory level in which the access to the desired data or data block requires associative addressing means, e.g. caches
    • G06F12/0893—Caches characterised by their organisation or structure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/14—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer
    • G06F13/16—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to memory bus
    • G06F13/1605—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to memory bus based on arbitration
    • G06F13/161—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to memory bus based on arbitration with latency improvement

Definitions

  • This invention relates to computer systems, and, more particularly, to a computer system having a memory hub coupling several memory devices to a processor or other memory access device.
  • Computer systems use memory devices, such as dynamic random access memory (“SDRAM”) devices, to store instructions and data that are accessed by a processor.
  • SDRAM dynamic random access memory
  • the processor communicates with the system memory through a processor bus and a memory controller.
  • the processor issues a command, such as a read command, and an address designating the location from which data or instructions are to be read.
  • the memory controller uses the command and address to generate appropriate command signals as well as row and column addresses, which are applied to the system memory.
  • data are transferred between the system memory and the processor.
  • the memory controller is often part of a system controller, which also includes bus bridge circuitry for coupling the processor bus to an expansion bus, such as a PCI bus.
  • One approach to alleviating at the memory latency problem is to use multiple memory devices coupled to the processor through a memory hub.
  • Computer systems employing this architecture can have a higher bandwidth because a processor can access one memory device while another memory device is responding to a prior memory access. For example, the processor can output write data to one of the memory devices in the system while another memory device in the system is preparing to provide read data to the processor.
  • memory hubs may provide superior performance, they nevertheless often fail to operate at optimum speed.
  • conventional memory hubs are essentially single channel systems since all control, address and data signals must pass through common memory hub circuitry.
  • the memory hub circuitry when the memory hub circuitry is busy communicating with one memory device, it is not free to communicate with another memory device.
  • computer systems using memory hubs can provide a greater memory bandwidth, they still suffer from latency problems of the type described above. More specifically, although the processor may communicate with one memory device while another memory device is preparing to transfer data, is sometimes necessary to receive data from one memory device before the data from another memory device can be used, hi the event data must be received from one memory device before data received from another memory device can be used, the latency problem continues to slow the operating speed of such computer systems.
  • a memory hub that may be used in a computer system includes a memory access device interface coupled to a processor or other memory access device, and a plurality of memory interfaces each of which is coupled to a respective memory device.
  • Each of the memory interfaces includes a memory controller and, according to one aspect of the invention, a memory cache.
  • Each of the memory interfaces is coupled to the memory access device interface by a switch.
  • data read from or written to a memory device coupled to one of the memory interfaces are stored in the cache memory for the memory interface.
  • the cache memory is checked to determine whether the data corresponding to the memory read request are stored in the cache memory. In the event of a cache hit, the requested data are provided from the cache memory.
  • each memory interface includes a memory controller and a prediction unit.
  • the prediction unit predicts an address from which data are likely to be read based on an address from a prior memory access.
  • the prediction unit then causes the memory controller in the respective memory interface to read data from the predicted address.
  • the memory hub may be physically included in a system controller, a memory module, or some other component of a computer system or other electronic system using memory devices.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of a computer system according to one embodiment of the invention in which the memory hub is included in a system controller.
  • Figure 2 is a block diagram of a computer system according to another embodiment of the invention in which the memory hub is included in a memory module.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a memory hub used in the computer systems of Figures 1 and 2.
  • a computer system 100 includes a processor 104 for performing various computing functions, such as executing specific software to perform specific calculations or tasks.
  • the processor 104 includes a processor bus 108 that normally includes an address bus, a control bus, and a data bus.
  • the computer system 100 includes one or more input devices 108, such as a keyboard or a mouse, coupled to the processor 104 through a system controller 110 to allow an operator to interface with the computer system 100.
  • the computer system 100 also includes one or more output devices 114 coupled to the processor 104 through the system controller 110, such output devices typically being a printer or a video terminal.
  • One or more data storage devices 120 are also typically coupled to the processor 104 through the system controller 110 to allow the processor 104 to store data or retrieve data from internal or external storage media (not shown). Examples of typical storage devices 120 include hard and floppy disks, tape cassettes, and compact disk read-only memories (CD- ROMs).
  • the processor 104 is also typically coupled to cache memory 124, which is usually static random access memory (“SRAM").
  • the system controller 110 also includes a memory hub 130 for controlling access to several system memory devices 140a-d, each of which may be a synchronous dynamic random access memory ("SDRAM").
  • SDRAM synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • the memory hub 130 allows the processor 104 to write data to and read data from each of the system memory devices 140a-d.
  • the memory hub 130 is coupled to each of the system memory devices 140a-d through a bus system 142, which normally includes a control bus, an address bus and a data bus.
  • a bus system 142 which normally includes a control bus, an address bus and a data bus.
  • the memory hub 130 may be physically included as a part of components of an electronic system other than the system controller 110.
  • a computer system 144 shown in Figure 2 uses most of the same components that are used in the computer system 100 of Figure 1. hi the interest of brevity, such common components have been provided with the same reference numerals, and an explanation of their operation will not be repeated.
  • the computer system 144 differs from the computer system 100 shown in Figure 1 in that the memory hub 130 is not included in the system controller 110.
  • the system controller 110 is coupled to a plurality of memory modules 146, such a double in-line memory modules ("DIMMs") .
  • Each of the memory modules 146 includes the memory hub 130 and a plurality of memory devices 148, which may be SDRAM or some other type of memory device.
  • the memory hub 130 operates in essentially the same manner explained above with reference to Figure 1 to cache data stored in the memory modules 146.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show the memory hub 130 included in the system controller 110 and the memory modules 146, respectively, it will be understood that the memory hub 130 may be a stand-alone unit or it may be included in other components of a computer system or other system using memory devices.
  • FIG. 3 One embodiment of the memory hub 130 is shown in Figure 3 in which the memory hub 130 is coupled to the processor 104 and three memory devices 140a-c, which, in the example illustrated in Figure 3, are SDRAM devices.
  • the memory hub 130 is shown coupled to the processor 104 in a point-to-point arrangement in which there are no other devices coupled to the connection between the processor 104 and the memory hub 130.
  • This type of interconnection provides better signal coupling between the processor 104 and the memory hub 130 for several reasons, including relatively low capacitance, relatively few line discontinuities to reflect signals and relatively short signal paths.
  • a multi-drop interconnection may alternatively be used in which other devices (not shown) are coupled to the interconnection between the processor 104 and the memory hub 130.
  • the memory hub 130 includes a processor interface 150 that is coupled to the processor 104 through a plurality of bus and signal lines, as is well known in the art.
  • the processor interface 150 is, in turn, coupled to a switch 160 through a plurality of bus and signal lines, including a write data bus 154 and a read data bus 156, although a single bi-directional data bus may alternatively be provided to couple data in both directions between the processor interface 150 in the switch 160.
  • the processor interface 150 is also coupled to switch 160 through a request line 164 and a snoop line 168.
  • a snoop signal coupled from the switch 160 to the processor interface 150 through the snoop line 168 is used to maintain cache consistency, as will be described in greater detail below.
  • a request signal coupled from the processor interface 150 to the switch 160 through the request line 164 provides the switch 160 with information corresponding to a request to transfer data through the switch 160. It will be understood, however, that the processor interface 150 maybe coupled to the switch 160 with a greater or lesser number of buses and signal lines or buses and signal lines different from those illustrated in Figure 3.
  • the switch 160 is also coupled to three memory interfaces 170a-c which are, in turn, coupled to the system memory devices 140a-c, respectively.
  • the memory hub 130 avoids bus or memory bank conflicts that typically occur with single channel memory architectures.
  • the switch 160 is coupled to each memory interface through a plurality of bus and signal lines, including a write data bus 174, read data bus 176 and a request line 178.
  • a single bi-directional data bus may alternatively be used instead of a separate write data bus 174 and read data bus 176.
  • each memory interface 170a-c is specially adapted to the system memory devices 140a-c to which it is coupled.
  • each memory interface 170a-c is specially adapted to provide and receive the specific signals received and generated, respectively, by the system memory device 140a-c to which it is coupled.
  • the memory interfaces 170a-c are capable of operating with system memory devices 140a-c operating at different clock frequencies.
  • the memory interfaces 170a-c isolate the processor 104 from changes that may occur at the interface between the memory hub 130 and memory devices 140a-c coupled to the hub 130, and it provides a more controlled environment to which the memory devices 140a-c may interface.
  • the switch 160 coupling the processor interface 150 to the memory interfaces 170a-c can be any of a variety of conventional or hereinafter developed switches.
  • the switch 160 may be a cross-bar switch that can simultaneously couple at the processor interface 150 and the memory interfaces 170a-c to each other.
  • the switch 160 can also be a set of multiplexers that do not provide the same level of connectivity as a cross-bar switch but nevertheless can couple the processor interface 150 to each of the memory interfaces 170a-c.
  • the switch 160 may also includes arbitration logic (not shown) to determine which memory accesses should receive priority over other memory accesses. Bus arbitration performing this function is well known to one skilled in the art.
  • each of the memory interfaces 170a-c includes a respective memory controller 180 and a respective cache memory unit 184.
  • the memory controller 180 performs the same functions as a conventional memory controller by providing control, address and data signals to the system memory device 140a-c to which it is coupled and receiving data signals from the system memory device 140a-c to which it is coupled.
  • the cache memory unit 184 includes the normal components of a cache memory including a tag memory, a data memory and a comparator, as is well known in the art.
  • the memory devices used in the cache memory unit 184 may be either DRAM devices, static random access memory, (“SRAM”) devices, other types of memory devices, or a combination of all three.
  • SRAM static random access memory
  • any or all of these memory devices as well as the other components used in the cache memory unit 184 may be either embedded or stand-alone devices.
  • each memory interface 170a-c allows the processor 104 to receive data responsive to a read command directed to a respective system memory device 140a-c without waiting for the memory device 140a-c to provide such data in the event that the data was recently read from or written to that memory device 140a-c.
  • the cache memory unit 184 thus reduces the read latency of the system memory devices 140a-c to maximize the memory bandwidth of the computer system.
  • the processor 104 can store write data in the cache memory unit 184 and then perform other functions while the memory controller 180 in the same memory interface 170a-c transfers the write data from the cache memory unit 184 to the system memory device 140a-c to which it is coupled.
  • each memory interface 170a-c may be provided with a prefetch unit 190.
  • the prefetch unit 190 is able to predict the likely address of a subsequent memory read request using conventional algorithms.
  • the memory controller 180 in the same memory interface 170a-c can then perform the memory access in the background while the processor 104 is either accessing a different system memory device 140 or performing other functions.
  • the processor 104 subsequently provides a command to the memory hub 130 to read data from the predicted address, the read data will akeady be present in the cache memory unit 180 and can thus be quickly provided to the processor

Abstract

A computer system includes a memory hub (130) for coupling a processor (104) to a plurality of synchronous dynamic random access memory ("SDRAM") devices (140a-c). The memory hub (130) includes a processor interface (150) coupled to the processor (104) and a plurality of memory interfaces (170a-c) coupled to respective SDRAM devices (140a-c). The processor interface (150) is coupled to the memory interfaces (170a-c) by a switch (160) Each of the memory interfaces (170a-c) includes a memory controller (180), a cache memory (184), and a prediction unit (190). The cache memory (184) stores data recently read from or written to the respective SDRAM device (140a-c) so that it can be subsequently read by processor (104) with relatively little latency. The prediction unit (190) prefetches data from an address from which a read access is likely based on a previously accessed address.

Description

MEMORY HUB WITH INTERNAL CACHE AND/OR MEMORY ACCESS
PREDICTION
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to computer systems, and, more particularly, to a computer system having a memory hub coupling several memory devices to a processor or other memory access device.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Computer systems use memory devices, such as dynamic random access memory ("SDRAM") devices, to store instructions and data that are accessed by a processor. In a typical computer system, the processor communicates with the system memory through a processor bus and a memory controller. The processor issues a command, such as a read command, and an address designating the location from which data or instructions are to be read. The memory controller uses the command and address to generate appropriate command signals as well as row and column addresses, which are applied to the system memory. In response to the commands and addresses, data are transferred between the system memory and the processor. The memory controller is often part of a system controller, which also includes bus bridge circuitry for coupling the processor bus to an expansion bus, such as a PCI bus.
Although the operating speed of memory devices has continuously increased, this increase in operating speed has not kept pace with increases in the operating speed of processors. Even slower has been the increase in operating speed of memory controllers coupling processors to memory devices. The relatively low speed of memory controllers and memory devices limits the communication bandwidth between the processor and the memory devices. In addition to the limited bandwidth between processors and memory devices, the performance of computer systems and is also limited by latency problems that increase the time required to read data from system memory devices. More specifically, when a memory device read command is coupled to a system memory device, such as an asynchronous DRAM ("SDRAM ") device, the read data is output from the SDRAM device only after a delay of several clock periods. Therefore, although SDRAM devices can synchronously output burst data at a high data rate, the delay in initially providing the data can significantly slow the operating speed of a computer system using such SDRAM devices.
One approach to alleviating at the memory latency problem is to use multiple memory devices coupled to the processor through a memory hub. Computer systems employing this architecture can have a higher bandwidth because a processor can access one memory device while another memory device is responding to a prior memory access. For example, the processor can output write data to one of the memory devices in the system while another memory device in the system is preparing to provide read data to the processor. However, although computer systems using memory hubs may provide superior performance, they nevertheless often fail to operate at optimum speed. One of the reasons such computer systems fail to operate at optimum speed is that conventional memory hubs are essentially single channel systems since all control, address and data signals must pass through common memory hub circuitry. As a result, when the memory hub circuitry is busy communicating with one memory device, it is not free to communicate with another memory device. Furthermore, although computer systems using memory hubs can provide a greater memory bandwidth, they still suffer from latency problems of the type described above. More specifically, although the processor may communicate with one memory device while another memory device is preparing to transfer data, is sometimes necessary to receive data from one memory device before the data from another memory device can be used, hi the event data must be received from one memory device before data received from another memory device can be used, the latency problem continues to slow the operating speed of such computer systems.
There is therefore a need for a computer architecture that provides the advantages of a memory hub architecture and also minimize this latency problems common in such systems, thereby providing a memory devices with high bandwidth and low latency. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A memory hub that may be used in a computer system includes a memory access device interface coupled to a processor or other memory access device, and a plurality of memory interfaces each of which is coupled to a respective memory device. Each of the memory interfaces includes a memory controller and, according to one aspect of the invention, a memory cache. Each of the memory interfaces is coupled to the memory access device interface by a switch. In operation, data read from or written to a memory device coupled to one of the memory interfaces are stored in the cache memory for the memory interface. In response to a subsequent memory read request, the cache memory is checked to determine whether the data corresponding to the memory read request are stored in the cache memory. In the event of a cache hit, the requested data are provided from the cache memory. Otherwise, the requested data' are provided by the memory device. According to another aspect of the invention, each memory interface includes a memory controller and a prediction unit. The prediction unit predicts an address from which data are likely to be read based on an address from a prior memory access. The prediction unit then causes the memory controller in the respective memory interface to read data from the predicted address. The memory hub may be physically included in a system controller, a memory module, or some other component of a computer system or other electronic system using memory devices.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a block diagram of a computer system according to one embodiment of the invention in which the memory hub is included in a system controller.
Figure 2 is a block diagram of a computer system according to another embodiment of the invention in which the memory hub is included in a memory module.
Figure 3 is a block diagram of a memory hub used in the computer systems of Figures 1 and 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A computer system 100 according to one embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 1. The computer system 100 includes a processor 104 for performing various computing functions, such as executing specific software to perform specific calculations or tasks. The processor 104 includes a processor bus 108 that normally includes an address bus, a control bus, and a data bus. In addition, the computer system 100 includes one or more input devices 108, such as a keyboard or a mouse, coupled to the processor 104 through a system controller 110 to allow an operator to interface with the computer system 100. Typically, the computer system 100 also includes one or more output devices 114 coupled to the processor 104 through the system controller 110, such output devices typically being a printer or a video terminal. One or more data storage devices 120 are also typically coupled to the processor 104 through the system controller 110 to allow the processor 104 to store data or retrieve data from internal or external storage media (not shown). Examples of typical storage devices 120 include hard and floppy disks, tape cassettes, and compact disk read-only memories (CD- ROMs). The processor 104 is also typically coupled to cache memory 124, which is usually static random access memory ("SRAM").
The system controller 110 also includes a memory hub 130 for controlling access to several system memory devices 140a-d, each of which may be a synchronous dynamic random access memory ("SDRAM"). The memory hub 130 allows the processor 104 to write data to and read data from each of the system memory devices 140a-d. The memory hub 130 is coupled to each of the system memory devices 140a-d through a bus system 142, which normally includes a control bus, an address bus and a data bus. Although the memory hub 130 is shown in Figure 1 coupled to the processor 104, it will be understood that the memory hub 130 may also be coupled to other components in a computer system chipset (not shown). and may also allow other devices (not shown) to write data to and read data from the system memory devices 140a-d in a direct memory operation, as is well known in the art. Also, the memory hub 130 may be physically included as a part of components of an electronic system other than the system controller 110. For example, a computer system 144 shown in Figure 2 uses most of the same components that are used in the computer system 100 of Figure 1. hi the interest of brevity, such common components have been provided with the same reference numerals, and an explanation of their operation will not be repeated. The computer system 144 differs from the computer system 100 shown in Figure 1 in that the memory hub 130 is not included in the system controller 110. Instead, the system controller 110 is coupled to a plurality of memory modules 146, such a double in-line memory modules ("DIMMs") . Each of the memory modules 146 includes the memory hub 130 and a plurality of memory devices 148, which may be SDRAM or some other type of memory device. The memory hub 130 operates in essentially the same manner explained above with reference to Figure 1 to cache data stored in the memory modules 146.
Although Figures 1 and 2 show the memory hub 130 included in the system controller 110 and the memory modules 146, respectively, it will be understood that the memory hub 130 may be a stand-alone unit or it may be included in other components of a computer system or other system using memory devices.
One embodiment of the memory hub 130 is shown in Figure 3 in which the memory hub 130 is coupled to the processor 104 and three memory devices 140a-c, which, in the example illustrated in Figure 3, are SDRAM devices. The memory hub 130 is shown coupled to the processor 104 in a point-to-point arrangement in which there are no other devices coupled to the connection between the processor 104 and the memory hub 130. This type of interconnection provides better signal coupling between the processor 104 and the memory hub 130 for several reasons, including relatively low capacitance, relatively few line discontinuities to reflect signals and relatively short signal paths. However, a multi-drop interconnection may alternatively be used in which other devices (not shown) are coupled to the interconnection between the processor 104 and the memory hub 130.
The memory hub 130 includes a processor interface 150 that is coupled to the processor 104 through a plurality of bus and signal lines, as is well known in the art. The processor interface 150 is, in turn, coupled to a switch 160 through a plurality of bus and signal lines, including a write data bus 154 and a read data bus 156, although a single bi-directional data bus may alternatively be provided to couple data in both directions between the processor interface 150 in the switch 160. The processor interface 150 is also coupled to switch 160 through a request line 164 and a snoop line 168. A snoop signal coupled from the switch 160 to the processor interface 150 through the snoop line 168 is used to maintain cache consistency, as will be described in greater detail below. A request signal coupled from the processor interface 150 to the switch 160 through the request line 164 provides the switch 160 with information corresponding to a request to transfer data through the switch 160. It will be understood, however, that the processor interface 150 maybe coupled to the switch 160 with a greater or lesser number of buses and signal lines or buses and signal lines different from those illustrated in Figure 3.
The switch 160 is also coupled to three memory interfaces 170a-c which are, in turn, coupled to the system memory devices 140a-c, respectively. By providing a separate and independent memory interface 170a-c for each system memory device 140a-c, respectively, the memory hub 130 avoids bus or memory bank conflicts that typically occur with single channel memory architectures. The switch 160 is coupled to each memory interface through a plurality of bus and signal lines, including a write data bus 174, read data bus 176 and a request line 178. However, it will be understood that a single bi-directional data bus may alternatively be used instead of a separate write data bus 174 and read data bus 176. Significantly, each memory interface 170a-c is specially adapted to the system memory devices 140a-c to which it is coupled. More specifically, each memory interface 170a-c is specially adapted to provide and receive the specific signals received and generated, respectively, by the system memory device 140a-c to which it is coupled. Also, the memory interfaces 170a-c are capable of operating with system memory devices 140a-c operating at different clock frequencies. As a result, the memory interfaces 170a-c isolate the processor 104 from changes that may occur at the interface between the memory hub 130 and memory devices 140a-c coupled to the hub 130, and it provides a more controlled environment to which the memory devices 140a-c may interface. The switch 160 coupling the processor interface 150 to the memory interfaces 170a-c can be any of a variety of conventional or hereinafter developed switches. For example, the switch 160 may be a cross-bar switch that can simultaneously couple at the processor interface 150 and the memory interfaces 170a-c to each other. The switch 160 can also be a set of multiplexers that do not provide the same level of connectivity as a cross-bar switch but nevertheless can couple the processor interface 150 to each of the memory interfaces 170a-c. The switch 160 may also includes arbitration logic (not shown) to determine which memory accesses should receive priority over other memory accesses. Bus arbitration performing this function is well known to one skilled in the art.
With further reference to Figure 3, each of the memory interfaces 170a-c includes a respective memory controller 180 and a respective cache memory unit 184. The memory controller 180 performs the same functions as a conventional memory controller by providing control, address and data signals to the system memory device 140a-c to which it is coupled and receiving data signals from the system memory device 140a-c to which it is coupled. The cache memory unit 184 includes the normal components of a cache memory including a tag memory, a data memory and a comparator, as is well known in the art. The memory devices used in the cache memory unit 184 may be either DRAM devices, static random access memory, ("SRAM") devices, other types of memory devices, or a combination of all three. Furthermore, any or all of these memory devices as well as the other components used in the cache memory unit 184 may be either embedded or stand-alone devices.
The use of the cache memory unit 184 in each memory interface 170a-c allows the processor 104 to receive data responsive to a read command directed to a respective system memory device 140a-c without waiting for the memory device 140a-c to provide such data in the event that the data was recently read from or written to that memory device 140a-c. The cache memory unit 184 thus reduces the read latency of the system memory devices 140a-c to maximize the memory bandwidth of the computer system. Similarly, the processor 104 can store write data in the cache memory unit 184 and then perform other functions while the memory controller 180 in the same memory interface 170a-c transfers the write data from the cache memory unit 184 to the system memory device 140a-c to which it is coupled.
To further reduce the memory access latency provided by the memory hub 130, each memory interface 170a-c may be provided with a prefetch unit 190. The prefetch unit 190 is able to predict the likely address of a subsequent memory read request using conventional algorithms. The memory controller 180 in the same memory interface 170a-c can then perform the memory access in the background while the processor 104 is either accessing a different system memory device 140 or performing other functions. When the processor 104 subsequently provides a command to the memory hub 130 to read data from the predicted address, the read data will akeady be present in the cache memory unit 180 and can thus be quickly provided to the processor
104.
From the foregoing it will be appreciated that, although specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made without deviating from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not limited except as by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A memory hub, comprising: a memory access device interface structured to interface with a memory access device; a plurality of memory interfaces structured to interface with respective memory devices, each of the memory interfaces including a memory controller and a memory cache; and a switch coupling the memory access device interface to each of the memory interfaces.
2. The memory hub of claim 1 wherein the memory access device interface comprises a processor interface structured to interface with a processor.
3. The memory hub of claim 1 wherein each of the memory interfaces further comprises a prediction unit structured to predict an address from which data are likely to be read based on an address from a prior memory access and to cause the memory controller in the respective memory interface to output signals indicative of a memory read operation from the predicted address.
4. The memory hub of claim 3 wherein the prediction unit is further structured to cause the memory interface to store in the cache memory read data received responsive to the signals indicative of a memory read operation.
5. The memory hub of claim 1 wherein each of the memory interfaces operates at the same clock speed.
6. The memory hub of claim 1 wherein the switch comprises a cross-bar switch.
7. The memory hub of claim 1 wherein the switch comprises a multiplexer switch.
8. The memory hub of claim 1 wherein the cache memory comprises dynamic random access memory.
9. A memory hub, comprising: a memory access device interface structured to interface with a memory access device; a plurality of memory interfaces structured to interface with respective memory devices, each of the memory interfaces including a memory controller and a prediction unit structured to predict an address from which data are likely to be read based on an address from a prior memory access and to cause the memory controller in the respective memory interface to output signals indicative of a memory read operation from the predicted address; and a switch coupling the memory access device interface to the memory interfaces.
10. The memory hub of claim 9 wherein the memory access device interface comprises a processor interface.
11. The memory hub of claim 9 wherein each of the memory interfaces operates at the same clock speed.
12. The memory hub of claim 9 wherein the switch comprises a cross-bar switch.
13. The memory hub of claim 9 wherein the switch comprises a multiplexer switch.
14. A computer system, comprising: a processing unit operable to perform computing functions; a system controller coupled to the processing unit; at least one input device coupled to the processing unit through the system controller; at least one output device coupled to the processing unit through the system controller; at least one data storage devices coupled to the processing unit through the system controller; a plurality of memory devices; and a memory hub comprising: a processor interface coupled to the processor; a plurality of memory interfaces coupled to respective ones of the memory devices, each of the memory interfaces including a memory controller and a memory cache; and a switch coupling the processor interface to each of the memory interfaces.
15. The computer system of claim 14 wherein the memory hub is physically included in the system controller.
16. The computer system of claim 14 wherein the plurality of memory devices are physically packaged in a memory module, and wherein the memory hub is physically included in the memory module.
17. The computer system of claim 14 wherein each of the memory interfaces further comprises a prediction unit structured to predict an address from which data are likely to be read based on an address from a prior memory access and to cause the memory controller in the respective memory interface to apply to the memory device to which the memory interface is coupled output signals indicative of a memory read operation from the predicted address.
18. The computer system of claim 15 wherein the prediction unit is further structured to cause the memory interface to store in the cache memory read data received from the respective memory device responsive to the signals indicative of a memory read operation.
19. The computer system of claim 14 wherein each of the memory interfaces operates at the same clock speed.
20. The computer system of claim 14 wherein the switch comprises a cross-bar switch.
21. The computer system of claim 14 wherein the switch comprises a multiplexer switch.
22. The computer system of claim 14 wherein the cache memory comprises dynamic random access memory.
23. The computer system of claim 14 wherein each of the memory devices comprises a dynamic random access memory device.
24. The computer system of claim 21 wherein each of the dynamic random access memory device comprises a synchronous dynamic random access memory device.
25. A computer system, comprising: a processing unit operable to perform computing functions; a system controller coupled to the processing unit; at least one input device coupled to the processing unit through the system controller; at least one output device coupled to the processing unit through the system controller; at least one data storage devices coupled to the processing unit through the system controller; a plurality of memory devices; and a memory hub comprising: a processor interface coupled to the processor; a plurality of memory interfaces coupled to respective ones of the memory devices, each of the memory interfaces including a memory controller and a prediction unit structured to predict an address from which data are likely to be read based on an address from a prior memory access and to cause the memory controller in the respective memory interface to output to the memory device to which the memory interface is coupled signals indicative of a memory read operation from the predicted address; and a switch coupling the processor interface to each of the memory interfaces.
26. The computer system of claim 25 wherein the memory hub is physically included in the system controller.
27. The computer system of claim 25 wherein the plurality of memory devices are physically packaged in a memory module, and wherein the memory hub is physically included in the memory module.
28. The computer system of claim 25 wherein each of the memory interfaces operates at the same clock speed.
29. The computer system of claim 25 wherein the switch comprises a cross-bar switch.
30. The computer system of claim 25 wherein the switch comprises a multiplexer switch.
31. The computer system of claim 25 wherein each of the memory devices comprises a dynamic random access memory device.
32. A method of accessing a plurality of memory devices, comprising: directing a memory access request to a first of a plurality of memory devices coupled to memory hub; storing data read from or written to the first memory device in a cache memory located in the memory hub; subsequently directing a memory read request to the first memory device; in response to the memory read request, detecting whether the data corresponding to the memory read request are stored in the cache memory located in the memory hub; if the data corresponding to the memory read request are determined to be stored in the cache memory located in the memory hub, providing the read data from the cache memory; and if the data corresponding to the memory read request are determined to be not stored in the cache memory located in the memory hub, providing the read data from the first memory device.
33. The method of claim 32 further comprising: predicting an address from which data are likely to be read from the first memory device based on an address from a prior memory access to the first memory device; providing read data from the predicted address in the first memory device; and storing the read data from the predicted address in the cache memory in the memory hub.
34. The method of claim 32 wherein the act of storing data read from or written to the first memory device in a cache memory in the memory hub comprises storing the data read from or written to the first memory device in a cache memory dedicated to the first memory device.
35. The method of claim 32 wherein the memory access request on which the prediction was based comprises a read memory access.
36. The method of claim 32 wherein the memory access request on which the prediction was based comprises a write memory access.
37. A method of accessing a plurality of memory devices, comprising: directing memory access requests to respective addresses in a plurality of memory devices coupled to memory hub; within the memory hub, predicting at least one address from which data are likely to be read from the first memory device based on the addresses to which the memory access requests were directed; and providing respective read data from the predicted addresses in the memory devices prior to receiving memory read requests directed to the predicted addresses.
38. The method of claim 37 wherein the memory access requests on which the predictions were based comprise read memory requests.
39. The method of claim 37 wherein the memory access requests on which the predictions were based comprise write memory requests.
PCT/US2003/018112 2002-06-07 2003-06-06 Memory hub with internal cache and/or memory access prediction WO2003104996A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03734483A EP1512077A4 (en) 2002-06-07 2003-06-06 Memory hub with internal cache and/or memory access prediction
JP2004511999A JP4677630B2 (en) 2002-06-07 2003-06-06 Memory hub with internal cache and / or memory access prediction
KR10-2004-7019922A KR20050005553A (en) 2002-06-07 2003-06-06 Memory hub with internal cache and/or memory access prediction
AU2003238961A AU2003238961A1 (en) 2002-06-07 2003-06-06 Memory hub with internal cache and/or memory access prediction

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/165,787 US7133972B2 (en) 2002-06-07 2002-06-07 Memory hub with internal cache and/or memory access prediction
US10/165,787 2002-06-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003104996A1 true WO2003104996A1 (en) 2003-12-18

Family

ID=29710523

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2003/018112 WO2003104996A1 (en) 2002-06-07 2003-06-06 Memory hub with internal cache and/or memory access prediction

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (5) US7133972B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1512077A4 (en)
JP (1) JP4677630B2 (en)
KR (1) KR20050005553A (en)
CN (1) CN100361095C (en)
AU (1) AU2003238961A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2003104996A1 (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007520826A (en) * 2004-02-05 2007-07-26 マイクロン テクノロジー，インコーポレイテッド Apparatus and method for data bypass for a bidirectional data bus in a hub-based memory subsystem
JP2007520800A (en) * 2003-12-29 2007-07-26 マイクロン テクノロジー，インコーポレイテッド Memory hub and method for memory system performance monitoring
JP2007535737A (en) * 2004-03-29 2007-12-06 マイクロン テクノロジー，インコーポレイテッド Memory hub and method providing memory ordering hints
JP2007537541A (en) * 2004-05-14 2007-12-20 マイクロン テクノロジー，インコーポレイテッド Memory hub and method for memory sequencing
KR100876841B1 (en) 2006-08-22 2009-01-07 엘지전자 주식회사 Computer with a Cache Memory and Controlling Method thereof
US8880833B2 (en) 2003-12-29 2014-11-04 Micron Technology, Inc. System and method for read synchronization of memory modules
US8954687B2 (en) 2002-08-05 2015-02-10 Micron Technology, Inc. Memory hub and access method having a sequencer and internal row caching

Families Citing this family (101)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8516114B2 (en) * 2002-03-29 2013-08-20 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for content pre-fetching and preparation
US7133972B2 (en) 2002-06-07 2006-11-07 Micron Technology, Inc. Memory hub with internal cache and/or memory access prediction
US7143412B2 (en) * 2002-07-25 2006-11-28 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Method and apparatus for optimizing performance in a multi-processing system
KR100450680B1 (en) * 2002-07-29 2004-10-01 삼성전자주식회사 Memory controller for increasing bus bandwidth, data transmitting method and computer system having the same
US6754117B2 (en) 2002-08-16 2004-06-22 Micron Technology, Inc. System and method for self-testing and repair of memory modules
US6820181B2 (en) 2002-08-29 2004-11-16 Micron Technology, Inc. Method and system for controlling memory accesses to memory modules having a memory hub architecture
US7836252B2 (en) * 2002-08-29 2010-11-16 Micron Technology, Inc. System and method for optimizing interconnections of memory devices in a multichip module
US20040059880A1 (en) * 2002-09-23 2004-03-25 Bennett Brian R. Low latency memory access method using unified queue mechanism
US20040243769A1 (en) * 2003-05-30 2004-12-02 Frame David W. Tree based memory structure
US7245145B2 (en) 2003-06-11 2007-07-17 Micron Technology, Inc. Memory module and method having improved signal routing topology
US7120727B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2006-10-10 Micron Technology, Inc. Reconfigurable memory module and method
US7260685B2 (en) 2003-06-20 2007-08-21 Micron Technology, Inc. Memory hub and access method having internal prefetch buffers
US7107415B2 (en) * 2003-06-20 2006-09-12 Micron Technology, Inc. Posted write buffers and methods of posting write requests in memory modules
US7389364B2 (en) 2003-07-22 2008-06-17 Micron Technology, Inc. Apparatus and method for direct memory access in a hub-based memory system
US7870342B2 (en) * 2003-07-24 2011-01-11 Marvell International Ltd. Line cache controller with lookahead
US7210059B2 (en) 2003-08-19 2007-04-24 Micron Technology, Inc. System and method for on-board diagnostics of memory modules
US7133991B2 (en) * 2003-08-20 2006-11-07 Micron Technology, Inc. Method and system for capturing and bypassing memory transactions in a hub-based memory system
US20050050237A1 (en) * 2003-08-28 2005-03-03 Jeddeloh Joseph M. Memory module and method having on-board data search capabilities and processor-based system using such memory modules
US7136958B2 (en) 2003-08-28 2006-11-14 Micron Technology, Inc. Multiple processor system and method including multiple memory hub modules
US7310752B2 (en) 2003-09-12 2007-12-18 Micron Technology, Inc. System and method for on-board timing margin testing of memory modules
US7194593B2 (en) 2003-09-18 2007-03-20 Micron Technology, Inc. Memory hub with integrated non-volatile memory
US7120743B2 (en) 2003-10-20 2006-10-10 Micron Technology, Inc. Arbitration system and method for memory responses in a hub-based memory system
US8250295B2 (en) 2004-01-05 2012-08-21 Smart Modular Technologies, Inc. Multi-rank memory module that emulates a memory module having a different number of ranks
US7188219B2 (en) 2004-01-30 2007-03-06 Micron Technology, Inc. Buffer control system and method for a memory system having outstanding read and write request buffers
US7412574B2 (en) * 2004-02-05 2008-08-12 Micron Technology, Inc. System and method for arbitration of memory responses in a hub-based memory system
US7532537B2 (en) * 2004-03-05 2009-05-12 Netlist, Inc. Memory module with a circuit providing load isolation and memory domain translation
US7289386B2 (en) * 2004-03-05 2007-10-30 Netlist, Inc. Memory module decoder
US7916574B1 (en) 2004-03-05 2011-03-29 Netlist, Inc. Circuit providing load isolation and memory domain translation for memory module
US7366864B2 (en) 2004-03-08 2008-04-29 Micron Technology, Inc. Memory hub architecture having programmable lane widths
US20050210185A1 (en) * 2004-03-18 2005-09-22 Kirsten Renick System and method for organizing data transfers with memory hub memory modules
US7257683B2 (en) 2004-03-24 2007-08-14 Micron Technology, Inc. Memory arbitration system and method having an arbitration packet protocol
US7120723B2 (en) 2004-03-25 2006-10-10 Micron Technology, Inc. System and method for memory hub-based expansion bus
US6980042B2 (en) 2004-04-05 2005-12-27 Micron Technology, Inc. Delay line synchronizer apparatus and method
US7590797B2 (en) 2004-04-08 2009-09-15 Micron Technology, Inc. System and method for optimizing interconnections of components in a multichip memory module
US7363419B2 (en) 2004-05-28 2008-04-22 Micron Technology, Inc. Method and system for terminating write commands in a hub-based memory system
US7519788B2 (en) 2004-06-04 2009-04-14 Micron Technology, Inc. System and method for an asynchronous data buffer having buffer write and read pointers
US7310748B2 (en) 2004-06-04 2007-12-18 Micron Technology, Inc. Memory hub tester interface and method for use thereof
US20060004953A1 (en) * 2004-06-30 2006-01-05 Vogt Pete D Method and apparatus for increased memory bandwidth
US7296129B2 (en) 2004-07-30 2007-11-13 International Business Machines Corporation System, method and storage medium for providing a serialized memory interface with a bus repeater
US7392331B2 (en) 2004-08-31 2008-06-24 Micron Technology, Inc. System and method for transmitting data packets in a computer system having a memory hub architecture
US7305574B2 (en) * 2004-10-29 2007-12-04 International Business Machines Corporation System, method and storage medium for bus calibration in a memory subsystem
US7277988B2 (en) * 2004-10-29 2007-10-02 International Business Machines Corporation System, method and storage medium for providing data caching and data compression in a memory subsystem
US7299313B2 (en) * 2004-10-29 2007-11-20 International Business Machines Corporation System, method and storage medium for a memory subsystem command interface
US7512762B2 (en) 2004-10-29 2009-03-31 International Business Machines Corporation System, method and storage medium for a memory subsystem with positional read data latency
US7331010B2 (en) 2004-10-29 2008-02-12 International Business Machines Corporation System, method and storage medium for providing fault detection and correction in a memory subsystem
JP2006190389A (en) 2005-01-06 2006-07-20 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Integrated circuit for data processing
US20060168407A1 (en) * 2005-01-26 2006-07-27 Micron Technology, Inc. Memory hub system and method having large virtual page size
US8803584B1 (en) * 2005-05-17 2014-08-12 Venkata Kottapalli Level shifter for noise and leakage suppression
KR100711100B1 (en) * 2005-07-11 2007-04-24 삼성전자주식회사 Memory module and memory system including the same
US7478259B2 (en) 2005-10-31 2009-01-13 International Business Machines Corporation System, method and storage medium for deriving clocks in a memory system
US7685392B2 (en) 2005-11-28 2010-03-23 International Business Machines Corporation Providing indeterminate read data latency in a memory system
US7584336B2 (en) * 2006-06-08 2009-09-01 International Business Machines Corporation Systems and methods for providing data modification operations in memory subsystems
US7669086B2 (en) 2006-08-02 2010-02-23 International Business Machines Corporation Systems and methods for providing collision detection in a memory system
US7870459B2 (en) 2006-10-23 2011-01-11 International Business Machines Corporation High density high reliability memory module with power gating and a fault tolerant address and command bus
US8032711B2 (en) 2006-12-22 2011-10-04 Intel Corporation Prefetching from dynamic random access memory to a static random access memory
US7721140B2 (en) 2007-01-02 2010-05-18 International Business Machines Corporation Systems and methods for improving serviceability of a memory system
US7606988B2 (en) * 2007-01-29 2009-10-20 International Business Machines Corporation Systems and methods for providing a dynamic memory bank page policy
US7603526B2 (en) * 2007-01-29 2009-10-13 International Business Machines Corporation Systems and methods for providing dynamic memory pre-fetch
US8051250B2 (en) * 2007-03-14 2011-11-01 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Systems and methods for pushing data
US7865674B2 (en) 2007-08-31 2011-01-04 International Business Machines Corporation System for enhancing the memory bandwidth available through a memory module
US8086936B2 (en) 2007-08-31 2011-12-27 International Business Machines Corporation Performing error correction at a memory device level that is transparent to a memory channel
US7818497B2 (en) 2007-08-31 2010-10-19 International Business Machines Corporation Buffered memory module supporting two independent memory channels
US7899983B2 (en) * 2007-08-31 2011-03-01 International Business Machines Corporation Buffered memory module supporting double the memory device data width in the same physical space as a conventional memory module
US7861014B2 (en) 2007-08-31 2010-12-28 International Business Machines Corporation System for supporting partial cache line read operations to a memory module to reduce read data traffic on a memory channel
US8082482B2 (en) 2007-08-31 2011-12-20 International Business Machines Corporation System for performing error correction operations in a memory hub device of a memory module
US7840748B2 (en) 2007-08-31 2010-11-23 International Business Machines Corporation Buffered memory module with multiple memory device data interface ports supporting double the memory capacity
US8019919B2 (en) 2007-09-05 2011-09-13 International Business Machines Corporation Method for enhancing the memory bandwidth available through a memory module
US8099554B1 (en) * 2007-12-31 2012-01-17 Emc Corporation System and method for flash-based data caching
US7770077B2 (en) * 2008-01-24 2010-08-03 International Business Machines Corporation Using cache that is embedded in a memory hub to replace failed memory cells in a memory subsystem
US7925826B2 (en) 2008-01-24 2011-04-12 International Business Machines Corporation System to increase the overall bandwidth of a memory channel by allowing the memory channel to operate at a frequency independent from a memory device frequency
US7930470B2 (en) 2008-01-24 2011-04-19 International Business Machines Corporation System to enable a memory hub device to manage thermal conditions at a memory device level transparent to a memory controller
US8140936B2 (en) 2008-01-24 2012-03-20 International Business Machines Corporation System for a combined error correction code and cyclic redundancy check code for a memory channel
US7925824B2 (en) 2008-01-24 2011-04-12 International Business Machines Corporation System to reduce latency by running a memory channel frequency fully asynchronous from a memory device frequency
US7930469B2 (en) * 2008-01-24 2011-04-19 International Business Machines Corporation System to provide memory system power reduction without reducing overall memory system performance
US7925825B2 (en) 2008-01-24 2011-04-12 International Business Machines Corporation System to support a full asynchronous interface within a memory hub device
US8417870B2 (en) 2009-07-16 2013-04-09 Netlist, Inc. System and method of increasing addressable memory space on a memory board
US8516185B2 (en) 2009-07-16 2013-08-20 Netlist, Inc. System and method utilizing distributed byte-wise buffers on a memory module
US8154901B1 (en) 2008-04-14 2012-04-10 Netlist, Inc. Circuit providing load isolation and noise reduction
DE102008040794A1 (en) * 2008-07-28 2010-02-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Memory arrangement and memory architecture
US8281074B2 (en) 2008-10-07 2012-10-02 Micron Technology, Inc. Interface device for memory in a stack, storage devices and a processor
US20100162037A1 (en) * 2008-12-22 2010-06-24 International Business Machines Corporation Memory System having Spare Memory Devices Attached to a Local Interface Bus
US20100162126A1 (en) * 2008-12-23 2010-06-24 Palm, Inc. Predictive cache techniques
US8364901B2 (en) * 2009-02-13 2013-01-29 Micron Technology, Inc. Memory prefetch systems and methods
US8266389B2 (en) * 2009-04-29 2012-09-11 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Hierarchical memory arbitration technique for disparate sources
US9128632B2 (en) 2009-07-16 2015-09-08 Netlist, Inc. Memory module with distributed data buffers and method of operation
KR101828492B1 (en) * 2010-10-13 2018-03-29 삼성전자 주식회사 Method of forming pattern, reticle, recording medium where program for forming pattern is recorded
KR101796116B1 (en) 2010-10-20 2017-11-10 삼성전자 주식회사 Semiconductor device, memory module and memory system having the same and operating method thereof
US8990548B2 (en) * 2011-04-11 2015-03-24 Intel Corporation Apparatuses for configuring programmable logic devices from BIOS PROM
KR101259395B1 (en) * 2011-05-24 2013-04-30 어보브반도체 주식회사 Microcontroller and operating method thereof
TWI464593B (en) * 2012-03-03 2014-12-11 Nuvoton Technology Corp Output input control apparatus and control method thereof
US20130346735A1 (en) * 2012-06-21 2013-12-26 Ati Technologies Ulc Enhanced system management bus
CN103020004B (en) * 2012-12-14 2015-09-09 杭州华为数字技术有限公司 The access method of the asymmetric consistance internal storage access system of high-speed cache and device
CN103152394B (en) 2013-02-06 2016-09-28 华为技术有限公司 Data access arrangement, internal memory share equipment and method for reading data
EP3028153B1 (en) 2013-07-27 2019-03-06 Netlist, Inc. Memory module with local synchronization
US9733847B2 (en) 2014-06-02 2017-08-15 Micron Technology, Inc. Systems and methods for transmitting packets in a scalable memory system protocol
CN105718380B (en) * 2015-07-29 2019-06-04 上海磁宇信息科技有限公司 Cellular array computing system
CN105718392B (en) * 2016-01-15 2019-01-29 上海磁宇信息科技有限公司 Cellular array document storage system and its file-storage device and file memory method
KR102522154B1 (en) * 2016-03-15 2023-04-17 에스케이하이닉스 주식회사 Controller of semiconductor memory device and operating method thereof
KR20180011376A (en) * 2016-07-21 2018-02-01 에스케이하이닉스 주식회사 Memory system and operating method of memory system
US10679722B2 (en) 2016-08-26 2020-06-09 Sandisk Technologies Llc Storage system with several integrated components and method for use therewith
CN108241484B (en) * 2016-12-26 2021-10-15 上海寒武纪信息科技有限公司 Neural network computing device and method based on high-bandwidth memory

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5875352A (en) * 1995-11-03 1999-02-23 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Method and apparatus for multiple channel direct memory access control
US6301637B1 (en) * 1998-06-08 2001-10-09 Storage Technology Corporation High performance data paths
US6594713B1 (en) * 1999-09-10 2003-07-15 Texas Instruments Incorporated Hub interface unit and application unit interfaces for expanded direct memory access processor

Family Cites Families (293)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3742253A (en) 1971-03-15 1973-06-26 Burroughs Corp Three state logic device with applications
US4045781A (en) 1976-02-13 1977-08-30 Digital Equipment Corporation Memory module with selectable byte addressing for digital data processing system
US4245306A (en) 1978-12-21 1981-01-13 Burroughs Corporation Selection of addressed processor in a multi-processor network
US4253144A (en) 1978-12-21 1981-02-24 Burroughs Corporation Multi-processor communication network
US4253146A (en) 1978-12-21 1981-02-24 Burroughs Corporation Module for coupling computer-processors
US4240143A (en) 1978-12-22 1980-12-16 Burroughs Corporation Hierarchical multi-processor network for memory sharing
US4608702A (en) 1984-12-21 1986-08-26 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Method for digital clock recovery from Manchester-encoded signals
US4724520A (en) 1985-07-01 1988-02-09 United Technologies Corporation Modular multiport data hub
US4707823A (en) 1986-07-21 1987-11-17 Chrysler Motors Corporation Fiber optic multiplexed data acquisition system
US4831520A (en) 1987-02-24 1989-05-16 Digital Equipment Corporation Bus interface circuit for digital data processor
JPH07117863B2 (en) 1987-06-26 1995-12-18 株式会社日立製作所 Online system restart method
JPS6484361A (en) 1987-07-30 1989-03-29 Araianto Computer Syst Corp Parallel processing computer with alterable preference of memory access
US4891808A (en) 1987-12-24 1990-01-02 Coherent Communication Systems Corp. Self-synchronizing multiplexer
US5251303A (en) 1989-01-13 1993-10-05 International Business Machines Corporation System for DMA block data transfer based on linked control blocks
US5442770A (en) 1989-01-24 1995-08-15 Nec Electronics, Inc. Triple port cache memory
US4953930A (en) 1989-03-15 1990-09-04 Ramtech, Inc. CPU socket supporting socket-to-socket optical communications
JPH03156795A (en) 1989-11-15 1991-07-04 Toshiba Micro Electron Kk Semiconductor memory circuit device
US5317752A (en) 1989-12-22 1994-05-31 Tandem Computers Incorporated Fault-tolerant computer system with auto-restart after power-fall
US5327553A (en) 1989-12-22 1994-07-05 Tandem Computers Incorporated Fault-tolerant computer system with /CONFIG filesystem
US5313590A (en) 1990-01-05 1994-05-17 Maspar Computer Corporation System having fixedly priorized and grouped by positions I/O lines for interconnecting router elements in plurality of stages within parrallel computer
JP2772103B2 (en) 1990-03-28 1998-07-02 株式会社東芝 Computer system startup method
US5243703A (en) 1990-04-18 1993-09-07 Rambus, Inc. Apparatus for synchronously generating clock signals in a data processing system
IL96808A (en) 1990-04-18 1996-03-31 Rambus Inc Integrated circuit i/o using a high performance bus interface
US5663901A (en) 1991-04-11 1997-09-02 Sandisk Corporation Computer memory cards using flash EEPROM integrated circuit chips and memory-controller systems
JP2881049B2 (en) * 1991-07-30 1999-04-12 株式会社日立製作所 Prefetch buffer
US5461627A (en) 1991-12-24 1995-10-24 Rypinski; Chandos A. Access protocol for a common channel wireless network
JP2554816B2 (en) 1992-02-20 1996-11-20 株式会社東芝 Semiconductor memory device
US5355391A (en) 1992-03-06 1994-10-11 Rambus, Inc. High speed bus system
DE4391002T1 (en) * 1992-03-06 1995-02-23 Rambus Inc Pre-fetch into a cache to minimize memory access time and cache size in a computer system
WO1993018463A1 (en) 1992-03-06 1993-09-16 Rambus, Inc. Method and circuitry for minimizing clock-data skew in a bus system
JPH07505491A (en) 1992-03-25 1995-06-15 サン　マイクロシステムズ　インコーポレイテッド fiber optic memory connection system
US5659713A (en) 1992-04-24 1997-08-19 Digital Equipment Corporation Memory stream buffer with variable-size prefetch depending on memory interleaving configuration
US5432907A (en) 1992-05-12 1995-07-11 Network Resources Corporation Network hub with integrated bridge
US5270964A (en) 1992-05-19 1993-12-14 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Single in-line memory module
JPH064401A (en) * 1992-06-19 1994-01-14 Fujitsu Ltd Memory access circuit
GB2270780A (en) 1992-09-21 1994-03-23 Ibm Scatter-gather in data processing systems.
US5465343A (en) 1993-04-30 1995-11-07 Quantum Corporation Shared memory array for data block and control program storage in disk drive
JPH0713945A (en) 1993-06-16 1995-01-17 Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd Bus structure of multiprocessor system with separated arithmetic processing part and control/storage part
US5497494A (en) 1993-07-23 1996-03-05 International Business Machines Corporation Method for saving and restoring the state of a CPU executing code in protected mode
JPH0744455A (en) 1993-07-26 1995-02-14 Nec Corp Address decoder
US5729709A (en) 1993-11-12 1998-03-17 Intel Corporation Memory controller with burst addressing circuit
US5502621A (en) 1994-03-31 1996-03-26 Hewlett-Packard Company Mirrored pin assignment for two sided multi-chip layout
US5566325A (en) 1994-06-30 1996-10-15 Digital Equipment Corporation Method and apparatus for adaptive memory access
US6175571B1 (en) 1994-07-22 2001-01-16 Network Peripherals, Inc. Distributed memory switching hub
US5978567A (en) 1994-07-27 1999-11-02 Instant Video Technologies Inc. System for distribution of interactive multimedia and linear programs by enabling program webs which include control scripts to define presentation by client transceiver
US5798719A (en) 1994-07-29 1998-08-25 Discovision Associates Parallel Huffman decoder
US5553070A (en) 1994-09-13 1996-09-03 Riley; Robert E. Data link module for time division multiplexing control systems
WO1996018153A1 (en) * 1994-12-08 1996-06-13 Intel Corporation A method and an apparatus for enabling a processor to access an external component through a private bus or a shared bus
US6804760B2 (en) 1994-12-23 2004-10-12 Micron Technology, Inc. Method for determining a type of memory present in a system
JP3598139B2 (en) * 1994-12-28 2004-12-08 株式会社日立製作所 Data processing device
US5715456A (en) 1995-02-13 1998-02-03 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for booting a computer system without pre-installing an operating system
US5638534A (en) 1995-03-31 1997-06-10 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Memory controller which executes read and write commands out of order
WO1997004401A2 (en) 1995-07-21 1997-02-06 Philips Electronics N.V. Multi-media processor architecture with high performance-density
US5796413A (en) 1995-12-06 1998-08-18 Compaq Computer Corporation Graphics controller utilizing video memory to provide macro command capability and enhanched command buffering
US5834956A (en) 1995-12-29 1998-11-10 Intel Corporation Core clock correction in a 2/N mode clocking scheme
US5966724A (en) 1996-01-11 1999-10-12 Micron Technology, Inc. Synchronous memory device with dual page and burst mode operations
US7681005B1 (en) 1996-01-11 2010-03-16 Micron Technology, Inc. Asynchronously-accessible memory device with mode selection circuitry for burst or pipelined operation
US5710733A (en) 1996-01-22 1998-01-20 Silicon Graphics, Inc. Processor-inclusive memory module
US5832250A (en) 1996-01-26 1998-11-03 Unisys Corporation Multi set cache structure having parity RAMs holding parity bits for tag data and for status data utilizing prediction circuitry that predicts and generates the needed parity bits
US5819304A (en) 1996-01-29 1998-10-06 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Random access memory assembly
US5659798A (en) 1996-02-02 1997-08-19 Blumrich; Matthias Augustin Method and system for initiating and loading DMA controller registers by using user-level programs
US5787304A (en) 1996-02-05 1998-07-28 International Business Machines Corporation Multipath I/O storage systems with multipath I/O request mechanisms
US5687325A (en) 1996-04-19 1997-11-11 Chang; Web Application specific field programmable gate array
US5818844A (en) 1996-06-06 1998-10-06 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Address generation and data path arbitration to and from SRAM to accommodate multiple transmitted packets
US5875454A (en) 1996-07-24 1999-02-23 International Business Machiness Corporation Compressed data cache storage system
JPH1049511A (en) 1996-08-02 1998-02-20 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd One-chip micrcomputer
JP4070255B2 (en) 1996-08-13 2008-04-02 富士通株式会社 Semiconductor integrated circuit
TW304288B (en) 1996-08-16 1997-05-01 United Microelectronics Corp Manufacturing method of semiconductor memory device with capacitor
US5706224A (en) 1996-10-10 1998-01-06 Quality Semiconductor, Inc. Content addressable memory and random access memory partition circuit
US6167486A (en) 1996-11-18 2000-12-26 Nec Electronics, Inc. Parallel access virtual channel memory system with cacheable channels
US5887159A (en) 1996-12-11 1999-03-23 Digital Equipment Corporation Dynamically determining instruction hint fields
JPH10283301A (en) 1996-12-19 1998-10-23 Texas Instr Inc <Ti> Device for distributing address and data to memory module and method therefor
US6216219B1 (en) * 1996-12-31 2001-04-10 Texas Instruments Incorporated Microprocessor circuits, systems, and methods implementing a load target buffer with entries relating to prefetch desirability
US6308248B1 (en) * 1996-12-31 2001-10-23 Compaq Computer Corporation Method and system for allocating memory space using mapping controller, page table and frame numbers
JPH10214223A (en) * 1997-01-29 1998-08-11 Hitachi Ltd Information processing system
US6553476B1 (en) * 1997-02-10 2003-04-22 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Storage management based on predicted I/O execution times
JPH10228413A (en) * 1997-02-17 1998-08-25 Ge Yokogawa Medical Syst Ltd Memory access controlling method device therefor and memory system
US6031241A (en) * 1997-03-11 2000-02-29 University Of Central Florida Capillary discharge extreme ultraviolet lamp source for EUV microlithography and other related applications
US6271582B1 (en) 1997-04-07 2001-08-07 Micron Technology, Inc. Interdigitated leads-over-chip lead frame, device, and method for supporting an integrated circuit die
US5946712A (en) 1997-06-04 1999-08-31 Oak Technology, Inc. Apparatus and method for reading data from synchronous memory
WO1998057489A2 (en) 1997-06-09 1998-12-17 Metalithic Systems, Inc. Modular system for accelerating data searches and data stream operations
US6092158A (en) 1997-06-13 2000-07-18 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for arbitrating between command streams
US6243769B1 (en) 1997-07-18 2001-06-05 Micron Technology, Inc. Dynamic buffer allocation for a computer system
US6073190A (en) 1997-07-18 2000-06-06 Micron Electronics, Inc. System for dynamic buffer allocation comprising control logic for controlling a first address buffer and a first data buffer as a matched pair
US6760833B1 (en) 1997-08-01 2004-07-06 Micron Technology, Inc. Split embedded DRAM processor
US6105075A (en) 1997-08-05 2000-08-15 Adaptec, Inc. Scatter gather memory system for a hardware accelerated command interpreter engine
JP4014708B2 (en) 1997-08-21 2007-11-28 株式会社ルネサステクノロジ Method for designing semiconductor integrated circuit device
US6128703A (en) 1997-09-05 2000-10-03 Integrated Device Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for memory prefetch operation of volatile non-coherent data
US6249802B1 (en) 1997-09-19 2001-06-19 Silicon Graphics, Inc. Method, system, and computer program product for allocating physical memory in a distributed shared memory network
US6223301B1 (en) 1997-09-30 2001-04-24 Compaq Computer Corporation Fault tolerant memory
US6185676B1 (en) 1997-09-30 2001-02-06 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for performing early branch prediction in a microprocessor
JPH11120120A (en) 1997-10-13 1999-04-30 Fujitsu Ltd Interface circuit for card bus and pc card for card bus having it
US6049845A (en) 1997-11-05 2000-04-11 Unisys Corporation System and method for providing speculative arbitration for transferring data
US5987196A (en) 1997-11-06 1999-11-16 Micron Technology, Inc. Semiconductor structure having an optical signal path in a substrate and method for forming the same
US6098158A (en) 1997-12-18 2000-08-01 International Business Machines Corporation Software-enabled fast boot
US6212590B1 (en) 1997-12-22 2001-04-03 Compaq Computer Corporation Computer system having integrated bus bridge design with delayed transaction arbitration mechanism employed within laptop computer docked to expansion base
EP1047993A1 (en) * 1997-12-24 2000-11-02 Creative Technology Ltd. Optimal multi-channel memory controller system
US6023726A (en) 1998-01-20 2000-02-08 Netscape Communications Corporation User configurable prefetch control system for enabling client to prefetch documents from a network server
GB2333896B (en) * 1998-01-31 2003-04-09 Mitel Semiconductor Ab Vertical cavity surface emitting laser
US7024518B2 (en) 1998-02-13 2006-04-04 Intel Corporation Dual-port buffer-to-memory interface
US6186400B1 (en) 1998-03-20 2001-02-13 Symbol Technologies, Inc. Bar code reader with an integrated scanning component module mountable on printed circuit board
US6038630A (en) 1998-03-24 2000-03-14 International Business Machines Corporation Shared access control device for integrated system with multiple functional units accessing external structures over multiple data buses
US6006340A (en) 1998-03-27 1999-12-21 Phoenix Technologies Ltd. Communication interface between two finite state machines operating at different clock domains
US6079008A (en) 1998-04-03 2000-06-20 Patton Electronics Co. Multiple thread multiple data predictive coded parallel processing system and method
US6247107B1 (en) 1998-04-06 2001-06-12 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Chipset configured to perform data-directed prefetching
JPH11316617A (en) 1998-05-01 1999-11-16 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Semiconductor circuit device
KR100283243B1 (en) 1998-05-11 2001-03-02 구자홍 How to boot the operating system
US6167465A (en) 1998-05-20 2000-12-26 Aureal Semiconductor, Inc. System for managing multiple DMA connections between a peripheral device and a memory and performing real-time operations on data carried by a selected DMA connection
JP3348687B2 (en) * 1998-05-22 2002-11-20 住友金属工業株式会社 Vibration wave detection method and device
SG75958A1 (en) 1998-06-01 2000-10-24 Hitachi Ulsi Sys Co Ltd Semiconductor device and a method of producing semiconductor device
US6405280B1 (en) * 1998-06-05 2002-06-11 Micron Technology, Inc. Packet-oriented synchronous DRAM interface supporting a plurality of orderings for data block transfers within a burst sequence
US6134624A (en) 1998-06-08 2000-10-17 Storage Technology Corporation High bandwidth cache system
US6067649A (en) 1998-06-10 2000-05-23 Compaq Computer Corporation Method and apparatus for a low power self test of a memory subsystem
US6453377B1 (en) * 1998-06-16 2002-09-17 Micron Technology, Inc. Computer including optical interconnect, memory unit, and method of assembling a computer
JP2000011640A (en) 1998-06-23 2000-01-14 Nec Corp Semiconductor storage
FR2780535B1 (en) * 1998-06-25 2000-08-25 Inst Nat Rech Inf Automat ACQUISITION DATA PROCESSING DEVICE, ESPECIALLY IMAGE DATA
JP3178423B2 (en) 1998-07-03 2001-06-18 日本電気株式会社 Virtual channel SDRAM
US6286083B1 (en) 1998-07-08 2001-09-04 Compaq Computer Corporation Computer system with adaptive memory arbitration scheme
US6792500B1 (en) * 1998-07-08 2004-09-14 Broadcom Corporation Apparatus and method for managing memory defects
JP3248617B2 (en) * 1998-07-14 2002-01-21 日本電気株式会社 Semiconductor storage device
US6145033A (en) 1998-07-17 2000-11-07 Seiko Epson Corporation Management of display FIFO requests for DRAM access wherein low priority requests are initiated when FIFO level is below/equal to high threshold value
US6272609B1 (en) 1998-07-31 2001-08-07 Micron Electronics, Inc. Pipelined memory controller
US6061296A (en) 1998-08-17 2000-05-09 Vanguard International Semiconductor Corporation Multiple data clock activation with programmable delay for use in multiple CAS latency memory devices
US6219725B1 (en) 1998-08-28 2001-04-17 Hewlett-Packard Company Method and apparatus for performing direct memory access transfers involving non-sequentially-addressable memory locations
US6029250A (en) 1998-09-09 2000-02-22 Micron Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for adaptively adjusting the timing offset between a clock signal and digital signals transmitted coincident with that clock signal, and memory device and system using same
US6587912B2 (en) 1998-09-30 2003-07-01 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for implementing multiple memory buses on a memory module
US6910109B2 (en) * 1998-09-30 2005-06-21 Intel Corporation Tracking memory page state
US6243831B1 (en) 1998-10-31 2001-06-05 Compaq Computer Corporation Computer system with power loss protection mechanism
US6145039A (en) 1998-11-03 2000-11-07 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for an improved interface between computer components
JP3248500B2 (en) 1998-11-12 2002-01-21 日本電気株式会社 Semiconductor memory device and data reading method thereof
US6434639B1 (en) 1998-11-13 2002-08-13 Intel Corporation System for combining requests associated with one or more memory locations that are collectively associated with a single cache line to furnish a single memory operation
US6438622B1 (en) 1998-11-17 2002-08-20 Intel Corporation Multiprocessor system including a docking system
US6430696B1 (en) 1998-11-30 2002-08-06 Micron Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for high speed data capture utilizing bit-to-bit timing correction, and memory device using same
US6463059B1 (en) 1998-12-04 2002-10-08 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Direct memory access execution engine with indirect addressing of circular queues in addition to direct memory addressing
US6349363B2 (en) * 1998-12-08 2002-02-19 Intel Corporation Multi-section cache with different attributes for each section
US6374360B1 (en) 1998-12-11 2002-04-16 Micron Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for bit-to-bit timing correction of a high speed memory bus
US6067262A (en) 1998-12-11 2000-05-23 Lsi Logic Corporation Redundancy analysis for embedded memories with built-in self test and built-in self repair
US6487556B1 (en) 1998-12-18 2002-11-26 International Business Machines Corporation Method and system for providing an associative datastore within a data processing system
US6191663B1 (en) 1998-12-22 2001-02-20 Intel Corporation Echo reduction on bit-serial, multi-drop bus
US6367074B1 (en) * 1998-12-28 2002-04-02 Intel Corporation Operation of a system
US6061263A (en) 1998-12-29 2000-05-09 Intel Corporation Small outline rambus in-line memory module
US6598154B1 (en) 1998-12-29 2003-07-22 Intel Corporation Precoding branch instructions to reduce branch-penalty in pipelined processors
US6578110B1 (en) * 1999-01-21 2003-06-10 Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. High-speed processor system and cache memories with processing capabilities
US6684304B2 (en) 1999-01-29 2004-01-27 Micron Technology, Inc. Method to access memory based on a programmable page limit
EP1703521A1 (en) 1999-02-01 2006-09-20 Hitachi, Ltd. Semiconductor integrated circuit and nonvolatile memory element
US6285349B1 (en) 1999-02-26 2001-09-04 Intel Corporation Correcting non-uniformity in displays
US6564329B1 (en) * 1999-03-16 2003-05-13 Linkup Systems Corporation System and method for dynamic clock generation
US6389514B1 (en) * 1999-03-25 2002-05-14 Hewlett-Packard Company Method and computer system for speculatively closing pages in memory
US6460108B1 (en) 1999-03-31 2002-10-01 Intel Corporation Low cost data streaming mechanism
US6496909B1 (en) 1999-04-06 2002-12-17 Silicon Graphics, Inc. Method for managing concurrent access to virtual memory data structures
US6433785B1 (en) 1999-04-09 2002-08-13 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for improving processor to graphics device throughput
KR100328726B1 (en) 1999-04-29 2002-03-20 한탁돈 Memory access system and method thereof
US6381190B1 (en) * 1999-05-13 2002-04-30 Nec Corporation Semiconductor memory device in which use of cache can be selected
US6233376B1 (en) 1999-05-18 2001-05-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Embedded fiber optic circuit boards and integrated circuits
US6294937B1 (en) 1999-05-25 2001-09-25 Lsi Logic Corporation Method and apparatus for self correcting parallel I/O circuitry
US6449308B1 (en) 1999-05-25 2002-09-10 Intel Corporation High-speed digital distribution system
JP3721283B2 (en) 1999-06-03 2005-11-30 株式会社日立製作所 Main memory shared multiprocessor system
JP2001014840A (en) * 1999-06-24 2001-01-19 Nec Corp Plural line buffer type memory lsi
US6330639B1 (en) 1999-06-29 2001-12-11 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for dynamically changing the sizes of pools that control the power consumption levels of memory devices
US6434736B1 (en) 1999-07-08 2002-08-13 Intel Corporation Location based timing scheme in memory design
US6401213B1 (en) * 1999-07-09 2002-06-04 Micron Technology, Inc. Timing circuit for high speed memory
US6460114B1 (en) 1999-07-29 2002-10-01 Micron Technology, Inc. Storing a flushed cache line in a memory buffer of a controller
US6477592B1 (en) 1999-08-06 2002-11-05 Integrated Memory Logic, Inc. System for I/O interfacing for semiconductor chip utilizing addition of reference element to each data element in first data stream and interpret to recover data elements of second data stream
US6629220B1 (en) 1999-08-20 2003-09-30 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for dynamic arbitration between a first queue and a second queue based on a high priority transaction type
US6493803B1 (en) 1999-08-23 2002-12-10 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Direct memory access controller with channel width configurability support
US6539490B1 (en) * 1999-08-30 2003-03-25 Micron Technology, Inc. Clock distribution without clock delay or skew
US6552564B1 (en) * 1999-08-30 2003-04-22 Micron Technology, Inc. Technique to reduce reflections and ringing on CMOS interconnections
US6307769B1 (en) 1999-09-02 2001-10-23 Micron Technology, Inc. Semiconductor devices having mirrored terminal arrangements, devices including same, and methods of testing such semiconductor devices
US6438668B1 (en) 1999-09-30 2002-08-20 Apple Computer, Inc. Method and apparatus for reducing power consumption in a digital processing system
US6467013B1 (en) 1999-09-30 2002-10-15 Intel Corporation Memory transceiver to couple an additional memory channel to an existing memory channel
US6421744B1 (en) 1999-10-25 2002-07-16 Motorola, Inc. Direct memory access controller and method therefor
US6782466B1 (en) 1999-11-24 2004-08-24 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Arrangement and method for accessing data in a virtual memory arrangement
KR100319292B1 (en) 1999-12-02 2002-01-05 윤종용 Computer system and method for quickly booting
US6501471B1 (en) 1999-12-13 2002-12-31 Intel Corporation Volume rendering
JP3546788B2 (en) * 1999-12-20 2004-07-28 日本電気株式会社 Memory control circuit
JP3356747B2 (en) 1999-12-22 2002-12-16 エヌイーシーマイクロシステム株式会社 Semiconductor storage device
US6252821B1 (en) 1999-12-29 2001-06-26 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for memory address decode in memory subsystems supporting a large number of memory devices
US6496193B1 (en) 1999-12-30 2002-12-17 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for fast loading of texture data into a tiled memory
US6628294B1 (en) 1999-12-31 2003-09-30 Intel Corporation Prefetching of virtual-to-physical address translation for display data
US6502161B1 (en) 2000-01-05 2002-12-31 Rambus Inc. Memory system including a point-to-point linked memory subsystem
KR100343383B1 (en) * 2000-01-05 2002-07-15 윤종용 Semiconductor memory device and data sampling method thereof
US6745275B2 (en) * 2000-01-25 2004-06-01 Via Technologies, Inc. Feedback system for accomodating different memory module loading
US6823023B1 (en) 2000-01-31 2004-11-23 Intel Corporation Serial bus communication system
US6185352B1 (en) 2000-02-24 2001-02-06 Siecor Operations, Llc Optical fiber ribbon fan-out cables
JP2001265539A (en) 2000-03-16 2001-09-28 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Array type storage device and information processing system
JP2001274323A (en) * 2000-03-24 2001-10-05 Hitachi Ltd Semiconductor device and semiconductor module mounted therewith, and method of manufacturing the same
US6370611B1 (en) * 2000-04-04 2002-04-09 Compaq Computer Corporation Raid XOR operations to synchronous DRAM using a read buffer and pipelining of synchronous DRAM burst read data
US6725388B1 (en) 2000-06-13 2004-04-20 Intel Corporation Method and system for performing link synchronization between two clock domains by inserting command signals into a data stream transmitted between the two clock domains
US6728800B1 (en) * 2000-06-28 2004-04-27 Intel Corporation Efficient performance based scheduling mechanism for handling multiple TLB operations
US6594722B1 (en) 2000-06-29 2003-07-15 Intel Corporation Mechanism for managing multiple out-of-order packet streams in a PCI host bridge
TW491970B (en) 2000-06-29 2002-06-21 Silicon Integrated Sys Corp Page collector for improving performance of a memory
JP2002014875A (en) 2000-06-30 2002-01-18 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Semiconductor integrated circuit, memory repair method for semiconductor integrated circuit and computer readable recording medium stored with program for allowing computer to execute the method
US6799268B1 (en) 2000-06-30 2004-09-28 Intel Corporation Branch ordering buffer
US6754812B1 (en) * 2000-07-06 2004-06-22 Intel Corporation Hardware predication for conditional instruction path branching
US6816947B1 (en) 2000-07-20 2004-11-09 Silicon Graphics, Inc. System and method for memory arbitration
US6845409B1 (en) * 2000-07-25 2005-01-18 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Data exchange methods for a switch which selectively forms a communication channel between a processing unit and multiple devices
US6647470B1 (en) 2000-08-21 2003-11-11 Micron Technology, Inc. Memory device having posted write per command
US6704817B1 (en) * 2000-08-31 2004-03-09 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Computer architecture and system for efficient management of bi-directional bus
US6785780B1 (en) 2000-08-31 2004-08-31 Micron Technology, Inc. Distributed processor memory module and method
US6453393B1 (en) 2000-09-18 2002-09-17 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for interfacing to a computer memory
US6526483B1 (en) * 2000-09-20 2003-02-25 Broadcom Corporation Page open hint in transactions
FR2814555B1 (en) * 2000-09-25 2003-02-28 Thomson Multimedia Sa SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MEMORY MANAGEMENT OF DATA COHERENCE AND MULTIPROCESSOR NETWORK THEREOF
US6523092B1 (en) * 2000-09-29 2003-02-18 Intel Corporation Cache line replacement policy enhancement to avoid memory page thrashing
US6859208B1 (en) 2000-09-29 2005-02-22 Intel Corporation Shared translation address caching
US6523093B1 (en) * 2000-09-29 2003-02-18 Intel Corporation Prefetch buffer allocation and filtering system
US6658509B1 (en) 2000-10-03 2003-12-02 Intel Corporation Multi-tier point-to-point ring memory interface
JP2002123479A (en) * 2000-10-17 2002-04-26 Hitachi Ltd Disk control device and method for controlling its cache
US6631440B2 (en) 2000-11-30 2003-10-07 Hewlett-Packard Development Company Method and apparatus for scheduling memory calibrations based on transactions
US6792059B2 (en) 2000-11-30 2004-09-14 Trw Inc. Early/on-time/late gate bit synchronizer
US6807630B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2004-10-19 International Business Machines Corporation Method for fast reinitialization wherein a saved system image of an operating system is transferred into a primary memory from a secondary memory
US6801994B2 (en) 2000-12-20 2004-10-05 Microsoft Corporation Software management systems and methods for automotive computing devices
US6622227B2 (en) 2000-12-27 2003-09-16 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for utilizing write buffers in memory control/interface
US6751703B2 (en) * 2000-12-27 2004-06-15 Emc Corporation Data storage systems and methods which utilize an on-board cache
JP2002236607A (en) 2001-02-13 2002-08-23 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Shared memory control device and multimedia processing system
US6889304B2 (en) * 2001-02-28 2005-05-03 Rambus Inc. Memory device supporting a dynamically configurable core organization
US6829705B2 (en) 2001-02-28 2004-12-07 Mpc Computers, Llc System information display method and apparatus
DE10110469A1 (en) 2001-03-05 2002-09-26 Infineon Technologies Ag Integrated memory and method for testing and repairing the same
US20020144054A1 (en) * 2001-03-30 2002-10-03 Fanning Blaise B. Prefetch canceling based on most recent accesses
US6904499B2 (en) 2001-03-30 2005-06-07 Intel Corporation Controlling cache memory in external chipset using processor
US6842830B2 (en) 2001-03-31 2005-01-11 Intel Corporation Mechanism for handling explicit writeback in a cache coherent multi-node architecture
US6670959B2 (en) * 2001-05-18 2003-12-30 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Method and apparatus for reducing inefficiencies in shared memory devices
WO2002095599A1 (en) 2001-05-24 2002-11-28 Ceyx Technologies, Inc. Optical bus arrangement for computer system
SE524110C2 (en) 2001-06-06 2004-06-29 Kvaser Consultant Ab Device and method for systems with locally deployed module units and contact unit for connection of such module units
US6697926B2 (en) * 2001-06-06 2004-02-24 Micron Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for determining actual write latency and accurately aligning the start of data capture with the arrival of data at a memory device
US6920533B2 (en) * 2001-06-27 2005-07-19 Intel Corporation System boot time reduction method
EP1271782B1 (en) 2001-06-29 2005-05-18 STMicroelectronics Pvt. Ltd FPGA with at least two different and independently configurable memory structures
US6944694B2 (en) * 2001-07-11 2005-09-13 Micron Technology, Inc. Routability for memory devices
US6721195B2 (en) * 2001-07-12 2004-04-13 Micron Technology, Inc. Reversed memory module socket and motherboard incorporating same
US6792496B2 (en) 2001-08-02 2004-09-14 Intel Corporation Prefetching data for peripheral component interconnect devices
US6681292B2 (en) * 2001-08-27 2004-01-20 Intel Corporation Distributed read and write caching implementation for optimized input/output applications
EP1499955B1 (en) 2001-08-29 2016-07-20 MediaTek Inc. Method and apparatus for timing and event processing in wireless systems
US7941056B2 (en) * 2001-08-30 2011-05-10 Micron Technology, Inc. Optical interconnect in high-speed memory systems
US6665202B2 (en) 2001-09-25 2003-12-16 Integrated Device Technology, Inc. Content addressable memory (CAM) devices that can identify highest priority matches in non-sectored CAM arrays and methods of operating same
US6718440B2 (en) * 2001-09-28 2004-04-06 Intel Corporation Memory access latency hiding with hint buffer
DE10153657C2 (en) * 2001-10-31 2003-11-06 Infineon Technologies Ag Arrangement for data transmission in a semiconductor memory system and data transmission method therefor
US6886048B2 (en) * 2001-11-15 2005-04-26 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Techniques for processing out-of-order requests in a processor-based system
US6646929B1 (en) 2001-12-05 2003-11-11 Lsi Logic Corporation Methods and structure for read data synchronization with minimal latency
KR100454123B1 (en) 2001-12-06 2004-10-26 삼성전자주식회사 Semiconductor integrated circuit devices and modules with the same
US6832303B2 (en) 2002-01-03 2004-12-14 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Method and system for managing an allocation of a portion of a memory
US6775747B2 (en) 2002-01-03 2004-08-10 Intel Corporation System and method for performing page table walks on speculative software prefetch operations
US6856167B2 (en) 2002-01-17 2005-02-15 Irvine Sensors Corporation Field programmable gate array with a variably wide word width memory
US6804764B2 (en) 2002-01-22 2004-10-12 Mircron Technology, Inc. Write clock and data window tuning based on rank select
US20030158995A1 (en) 2002-02-15 2003-08-21 Ming-Hsien Lee Method for DRAM control with adjustable page size
US20030156639A1 (en) 2002-02-19 2003-08-21 Jui Liang Frame rate control system and method
US6912612B2 (en) 2002-02-25 2005-06-28 Intel Corporation Shared bypass bus structure
US6795899B2 (en) 2002-03-22 2004-09-21 Intel Corporation Memory system with burst length shorter than prefetch length
US6735682B2 (en) * 2002-03-28 2004-05-11 Intel Corporation Apparatus and method for address calculation
JP4100025B2 (en) * 2002-04-09 2008-06-11 ソニー株式会社 Magnetoresistive element and magnetic memory device
US7110400B2 (en) 2002-04-10 2006-09-19 Integrated Device Technology, Inc. Random access memory architecture and serial interface with continuous packet handling capability
US20030217223A1 (en) 2002-05-14 2003-11-20 Infineon Technologies North America Corp. Combined command set
US6941433B1 (en) 2002-05-22 2005-09-06 Juniper Networks, Inc. Systems and methods for memory read response latency detection
US7133972B2 (en) 2002-06-07 2006-11-07 Micron Technology, Inc. Memory hub with internal cache and/or memory access prediction
US6731548B2 (en) 2002-06-07 2004-05-04 Micron Technology, Inc. Reduced power registered memory module and method
US6898674B2 (en) 2002-06-11 2005-05-24 Intel Corporation Apparatus, method, and system for synchronizing information prefetch between processors and memory controllers
KR100829557B1 (en) 2002-06-22 2008-05-14 삼성전자주식회사 MRAM using thermo-magnetic spontaneous hall effect and method for writing and reading data using the same
US6901486B2 (en) * 2002-07-05 2005-05-31 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Method and system for optimizing pre-fetch memory transactions
US7082504B2 (en) * 2002-07-19 2006-07-25 Edmundo Rojas Method and apparatus for asynchronous read control
US7054985B2 (en) * 2002-07-23 2006-05-30 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Multiple hardware partitions under one input/output hub
US7200024B2 (en) * 2002-08-02 2007-04-03 Micron Technology, Inc. System and method for optically interconnecting memory devices
US7117316B2 (en) 2002-08-05 2006-10-03 Micron Technology, Inc. Memory hub and access method having internal row caching
US7149874B2 (en) * 2002-08-16 2006-12-12 Micron Technology, Inc. Memory hub bypass circuit and method
US6754117B2 (en) 2002-08-16 2004-06-22 Micron Technology, Inc. System and method for self-testing and repair of memory modules
US6981112B2 (en) * 2002-08-26 2005-12-27 International Business Machines Corporation Dynamic cache disable
US7836252B2 (en) * 2002-08-29 2010-11-16 Micron Technology, Inc. System and method for optimizing interconnections of memory devices in a multichip module
US6820181B2 (en) 2002-08-29 2004-11-16 Micron Technology, Inc. Method and system for controlling memory accesses to memory modules having a memory hub architecture
DE60204687T2 (en) * 2002-09-06 2006-05-18 Sun Microsystems, Inc., Santa Clara Memory copy command specifying source and destination executed in memory controller
US6821029B1 (en) 2002-09-10 2004-11-23 Xilinx, Inc. High speed serial I/O technology using an optical link
US7117289B2 (en) * 2002-09-30 2006-10-03 Intel Corporation Claiming cycles on a processor bus in a system having a PCI to PCI bridge north of a memory controller
US6928528B1 (en) 2002-10-07 2005-08-09 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Guaranteed data synchronization
US6811320B1 (en) 2002-11-13 2004-11-02 Russell Mistretta Abbott System for connecting a fiber optic cable to an electronic device
KR100449807B1 (en) * 2002-12-20 2004-09-22 한국전자통신연구원 System for controlling Data Transfer Protocol with a Host Bus Interface
US7366423B2 (en) 2002-12-31 2008-04-29 Intel Corporation System having multiple agents on optical and electrical bus
US6961259B2 (en) 2003-01-23 2005-11-01 Micron Technology, Inc. Apparatus and methods for optically-coupled memory systems
US7469316B2 (en) 2003-02-10 2008-12-23 Intel Corporation Buffered writes and memory page control
US20050071542A1 (en) * 2003-05-13 2005-03-31 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Prefetch mechanism for use in a system including a host connected to a plurality of memory modules via a serial memory interconnect
US7120727B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2006-10-10 Micron Technology, Inc. Reconfigurable memory module and method
US7260685B2 (en) 2003-06-20 2007-08-21 Micron Technology, Inc. Memory hub and access method having internal prefetch buffers
US7107415B2 (en) 2003-06-20 2006-09-12 Micron Technology, Inc. Posted write buffers and methods of posting write requests in memory modules
US7174432B2 (en) * 2003-08-19 2007-02-06 Nvidia Corporation Asynchronous, independent and multiple process shared memory system in an adaptive computing architecture
US20050060533A1 (en) * 2003-09-17 2005-03-17 Steven Woo Method, device, software and apparatus for adjusting a system parameter value, such as a page closing time
US7433258B2 (en) * 2003-10-10 2008-10-07 Datasecure Llc. Posted precharge and multiple open-page RAM architecture
US7177211B2 (en) * 2003-11-13 2007-02-13 Intel Corporation Memory channel test fixture and method
US7330992B2 (en) 2003-12-29 2008-02-12 Micron Technology, Inc. System and method for read synchronization of memory modules
US7188219B2 (en) 2004-01-30 2007-03-06 Micron Technology, Inc. Buffer control system and method for a memory system having outstanding read and write request buffers
US7213082B2 (en) 2004-03-29 2007-05-01 Micron Technology, Inc. Memory hub and method for providing memory sequencing hints
US6980042B2 (en) 2004-04-05 2005-12-27 Micron Technology, Inc. Delay line synchronizer apparatus and method
US7162567B2 (en) * 2004-05-14 2007-01-09 Micron Technology, Inc. Memory hub and method for memory sequencing
US7519788B2 (en) 2004-06-04 2009-04-14 Micron Technology, Inc. System and method for an asynchronous data buffer having buffer write and read pointers
US7318130B2 (en) * 2004-06-29 2008-01-08 Intel Corporation System and method for thermal throttling of memory modules
US7254075B2 (en) 2004-09-30 2007-08-07 Rambus Inc. Integrated circuit memory system having dynamic memory bank count and page size
US20060168407A1 (en) 2005-01-26 2006-07-27 Micron Technology, Inc. Memory hub system and method having large virtual page size
US8490065B2 (en) * 2005-10-13 2013-07-16 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for software-assisted data cache and prefetch control
US7818497B2 (en) * 2007-08-31 2010-10-19 International Business Machines Corporation Buffered memory module supporting two independent memory channels

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5875352A (en) * 1995-11-03 1999-02-23 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Method and apparatus for multiple channel direct memory access control
US6301637B1 (en) * 1998-06-08 2001-10-09 Storage Technology Corporation High performance data paths
US6594713B1 (en) * 1999-09-10 2003-07-15 Texas Instruments Incorporated Hub interface unit and application unit interfaces for expanded direct memory access processor

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP1512077A4 *

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8954687B2 (en) 2002-08-05 2015-02-10 Micron Technology, Inc. Memory hub and access method having a sequencer and internal row caching
JP2007520800A (en) * 2003-12-29 2007-07-26 マイクロン テクノロジー，インコーポレイテッド Memory hub and method for memory system performance monitoring
JP4700621B2 (en) * 2003-12-29 2011-06-15 マイクロン テクノロジー， インク． Memory hub and method for memory system performance monitoring
US8880833B2 (en) 2003-12-29 2014-11-04 Micron Technology, Inc. System and method for read synchronization of memory modules
JP2007520826A (en) * 2004-02-05 2007-07-26 マイクロン テクノロジー，インコーポレイテッド Apparatus and method for data bypass for a bidirectional data bus in a hub-based memory subsystem
JP2007535737A (en) * 2004-03-29 2007-12-06 マイクロン テクノロジー，インコーポレイテッド Memory hub and method providing memory ordering hints
JP2007537541A (en) * 2004-05-14 2007-12-20 マイクロン テクノロジー，インコーポレイテッド Memory hub and method for memory sequencing
JP4769797B2 (en) * 2004-05-14 2011-09-07 マイクロン テクノロジー， インク． Memory hub and method for memory sequencing
KR100876841B1 (en) 2006-08-22 2009-01-07 엘지전자 주식회사 Computer with a Cache Memory and Controlling Method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1512077A1 (en) 2005-03-09
US20070055817A1 (en) 2007-03-08
JP2005529407A (en) 2005-09-29
US20090125688A1 (en) 2009-05-14
AU2003238961A1 (en) 2003-12-22
US8195918B2 (en) 2012-06-05
EP1512077A4 (en) 2009-05-06
US20030229770A1 (en) 2003-12-11
CN1675625A (en) 2005-09-28
US7133972B2 (en) 2006-11-07
US8499127B2 (en) 2013-07-30
US7945737B2 (en) 2011-05-17
JP4677630B2 (en) 2011-04-27
US20120239885A1 (en) 2012-09-20
US20110219196A1 (en) 2011-09-08
CN100361095C (en) 2008-01-09
KR20050005553A (en) 2005-01-13
US7644253B2 (en) 2010-01-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7133972B2 (en) Memory hub with internal cache and/or memory access prediction
US8127081B2 (en) Memory hub and access method having internal prefetch buffers
KR100813422B1 (en) Memory hub and method for memory sequencing
US7418526B2 (en) Memory hub and method for providing memory sequencing hints
US7533213B2 (en) Memory hub and method for memory system performance monitoring
EP1546885B1 (en) Memory hub and access method having internal row caching

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NI NO NZ OM PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2004511999

Country of ref document: JP

Ref document number: 1020047019922

Country of ref document: KR

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2003734483

Country of ref document: EP

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1020047019922

Country of ref document: KR

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 20038187590

Country of ref document: CN

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 2003734483

Country of ref document: EP