WO2004006409A2 - Verfahren zur leistungsanpassung in einem elektrizitätsnetz - Google Patents
Verfahren zur leistungsanpassung in einem elektrizitätsnetz Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004006409A2 WO2004006409A2 PCT/CH2003/000432 CH0300432W WO2004006409A2 WO 2004006409 A2 WO2004006409 A2 WO 2004006409A2 CH 0300432 W CH0300432 W CH 0300432W WO 2004006409 A2 WO2004006409 A2 WO 2004006409A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- power
- network
- storage
- power consumption
- storage system
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
- H02J15/006—Systems for storing electric energy in the form of pneumatic energy, e.g. compressed air energy storage [CAES]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for power adjustment in an electricity network according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the power consumption of energy consumers and the power output of electricity generators must be within a narrow range in an electricity network .
- the invention is based in particular on the object of specifying a possibility of making the power adjustment in an electricity network in the most efficient way possible in the event of rapid changes both on the service offer and on the demand side. A possibility is to be given to react to sudden changes as well as to fast load ramps.
- the essence of the invention is therefore, starting from an electricity network which, in addition to a plurality of power consumers and power generators, has a storage system which comprises at least one power-consuming work machine and one power-delivering engine, on transients of the power supply or power consumption in the network by a corresponding adaptation of the in react to the power consumed by the work machine, and by means of this control intervention - or at least with its support - to restore a balance between power generation and power consumption in the network.
- a control intervention on the engine of the storage system it can be seen that by regulating or even switching off the work machine, at least around an order of magnitude higher load gradients can be achieved than with a control intervention on the engine of the storage system.
- the power output of the engine and the other power plants in the network is kept constant in a first step; in a larger one
- Electricity networks are at most activated in parallel, when a power plant is removed from the network or when a consumer is connected to the network, the existing frequency support capacities, which are held to a limited extent in particular in steam power plants.
- the power adjustment via the working machine of a storage system also has the advantage that the power transient per se is not effective in a thermally highly stressed power-generating structure, but on a significantly lower load-bearing structure.
- Air storage systems are particularly suitable for this purpose, since they have, for example, separately arranged turbines and compressors, as well as a memory in which tensioned fluid for the drive of the engine is temporarily stored, which is also available when the machine is at a standstill or when the power is reduced ,
- the power output of all the engines acting on the network is preferably kept constant in a first step.
- a first advantageous initial operating state of the machines on the network is that in which, in a first equilibrium state between power generation and power consumption of the network, the working machine and the engine of a storage system are operated in such a way that the mass flow that is conveyed into the storage volume is equal to that
- the storage volume is preferably filled between 25% and 75%, whereby this
- Percentage is based on the difference between a minimum and a maximum permissible pressure of the storage volume for the operation of the storage system. This mode of operation leaves open the possibility of changing the power consumption of the working machine in the event of an imbalance occurring in any direction, that is to say to increase or decrease the power consumption.
- Another initial operating state of the machines connected to the network in which there is the maximum capability for a sudden increase in power for a frequency support or a power ramp, is an operating state in which the working machine of a storage system is operated at maximum power. So that the whole Power consumption of the machine can be made available to the network by simply opening a switch.
- the output of the engine of the storage system can be increased, albeit at a significantly slower rate, provided that it is not operated at maximum output in the initial operating state.
- an initial operating state in which the work machines run at full power consumption and the power machines stand still or are idle appears desirable. In absolute terms, such an initial operating state has the greatest potential for increasing performance.
- the power previously consumed by the work machines is then immediately available to the network, and the power of the engines is made available with a delay inherent in the system and in particular with a power gradient limited to an upper limit, without however having to wait for the synchronization beforehand.
- the performance dynamics for the case a rapid reduction in power output or an increase in power consumption in the network is thus maximized.
- a basic idea of the invention can be seen in the fact that, by means of the work machine conveying to a store, an additional power consumption, which can be switched off as desired, can be impressed in the manner of a bias in addition to the actual power consumers in an electricity network, and the net available power can be reduced or reduced if necessary Switching off this ancillary consumption increases practically instantaneously.
- the power output of the engine of the storage power plant and of the other power plants in the network can be kept constant at least in a first step.
- the power plants on the network retard and slow down the original power transients, and the work machines are returned to an initial operating state in order to regain the ability to react to power - Establish imbalances in the network.
- the extremely large load control range of a storage system is remarkable Power adjustment according to the invention can cover in an electricity network. If the rule of thumb is that a gas turbine consumes around two thirds of the gross turbine power in the compressor, it can be easily estimated that, based on stationary, balanced operation of the system, 200% of the current net power output is instantaneous by switching off the compressors! The entire load control range of the system can then - based on a design of the compressor for stationary operation in equilibrium with the engine as 100% - roughly estimated at a net power output of -200% to + 300% of the nominal power available in equilibrium operation. A range of 200% of the nominal system load can be covered by the compressor control, which can be carried out very quickly and without additional stress for high-temperature components.
- This area can also be expanded by a correspondingly larger design of the compressor, whereby a partial-load operation, for example of a turbo compressor, by means of speed control — the compressor does not have to be operated in synchronism with the network — can be accomplished very efficiently.
- the power consumption of the working machine is reduced in a first step, or it is completely separated from the network.
- the frequency support capability of other power plants can be activated at the same time.
- the power output of other power plants or the power plant of the storage system is increased significantly more slowly and at the same time the power consumption of the working machine is increased again to the same extent.
- the power consumption of the working machine is increased in a first step in order to maintain the balance between power generation and power consumption in the network.
- FIG. 1 shows an electricity network that can be operated according to the invention
- Figure 2 shows an example of the execution of a storage power plant
- Figure 3 shows an example of an operating concept of such a storage power plant depending on the net power output
- FIG. 4 shows an example of the dynamics of power output that can be achieved according to the invention.
- An electricity network N is shown in a highly schematic manner in FIG. 8 consumers, M1 to M8, and three power plants or their generators, G1 to G3, and an air storage power plant S are connected to the electricity network via mains switches.
- Such an air storage power plant is for example, from DE 28 22 575, which disclosure is an integral part of the present invention.
- the air storage power plant S comprises at least one compressor V for filling a storage volume 100 with an energy storage fluid, as well as a turbine T that can be operated with the fluid from the storage volume 100.
- the turbine T drives a generator GS, which generates an electrical power that is generated via the switch 112 in the electricity network can be fed.
- the compressor V is driven by a motor MS, which receives a controllable electrical power via the switch 111 and the controller 114.
- the difference between the power output of the generator GS and the power consumption of the motor MS is fed into the network N as a net power output of the storage power station S via the switch 113. If the power consumption of the compressor V or its drive motor MS is greater than the power generated in the generator GS, the storage power plant S takes power from the network via the switch 113. In a first operating state, all power consumers M1 to M8 and all generators G1 to G3 and the storage power plant S are connected to the network.
- the power consumption of all consumers M1 to M8 and the drive motor MS and the power output of all power plants G1 to G3 and the generator GS are balanced at a nominal network frequency. There is a balance between the power consumption and the power output in the network. If one of the power plants G1 to G3 fails, or if a consumer is switched on or the consumer is disconnected from the network, an imbalance arises which leads to over- or underfrequency of the network, unless an immediate control intervention to adjust the power takes place.
- the special capabilities of the storage power plant S are used for this intervention, which can act both as a power consumer and as a power generator. It proves to be particularly advantageous to carry out the power adjustment by means of a control intervention on the working machine V of the storage power plant.
- an air storage power plant S is operated in low-load times, for example at night or at the weekend, in storage operation.
- Switch 112 is open and switch 111 is closed such that the motor MS drives the work machine, compressor, V, which conveys air or another energy storage fluid into the storage volume 100. No fluid flows out of the storage volume 100.
- the storage power plant S then only has power consumption from the network. This power consumption makes it possible to operate base load units such as nuclear power plants or coal-fired steam blocks with high output even in times of low load and thus to better utilize their high investments.
- base load units such as nuclear power plants or coal-fired steam blocks with high output even in times of low load and thus to better utilize their high investments.
- the ' storage power plant S stands still and the entire power requirement is covered by the power plants G1 to G3, which operate close to their best operating point.
- the switch is switched on during peak load times 112 is closed and the turbine T is driven by energy storage fluid stored in the storage volume 100, and in turn drives the generator GS, from which a power requirement which cannot be covered by the power plants G1 to G3 is fed into the network.
- the invention now makes use of the knowledge that the motor MS of a storage system S can be operated as a secondary load, even in times of medium and high power consumption, analogous to a "pre-tensioning" of the electricity network.
- the storage system S is operated, for example, in such a way that, during normal operation, the mass flow delivered by the compressor V into the storage volume 100 is equal to the mass flow flowing out via the turbine T.
- the storage system can of course also operate in storage or discharge mode; it is crucial that the motor MS applies a load to the electricity network N, even if the net power output is positive, so that the storage power plant S does not represent a load from a global perspective.
- this auxiliary load can be changed much more efficiently and quickly than is possible, additional ones To provide performance.
- the power consumption of the motor MS is reduced according to the invention in a simple and known circuit-technical way, or the switch 111 is opened completely. In this way, an additional power, which was previously consumed by the motor MS, is available to consumers M1 to M8 almost immediately.
- the turbine T can easily be operated with energy storage fluid provided from the storage volume 100.
- the power of the turbine T can be increased, for example, or it can only be started up;
- other power plants acting on the electricity network can increase their output or additional resources can be connected to the electricity network to prevent the initial power plant failure compensate;
- the motor MS and thus the compressor V of the storage system S can then be put into operation again successively.
- the storage power plant S is shown in a highly schematic manner in FIG. Figure 2 shows an example of an embodiment of a storage power station S.
- the work machine compressor V consists of two compressor trains, each with two compressors and two coolers. In each compressor train, a first compressor 11 or 13 compresses air to an intermediate pressure. The air is intercooled in a cooler, 21 or 23, and compressed in a second compressor 12 or 14 to a final pressure, which is typically in a range from 30 to 100 bar or 50 to 100 bar.
- the compressors are driven by drive motors MS1, MS2, MS3, and MS4.
- the compressed air flows through a throttle and shut-off device 3 into the storage volume 100. Stored air flows through a throttle and shut-off device 4 to the turbine unit T.
- the air first flows through an exhaust gas heat exchanger 5, where it heats up, for example, to 550 ° C. becomes.
- the air is then expanded in an air turbine 6 to a pressure of around 10 to 15 bar.
- the state of the air at the outlet from the air turbine 6 is quite comparable to the state at the compressor outlet of a gas turbine group.
- the combustion chamber 7 and the turbine 8 of a gas turbine group can be arranged particularly advantageously downstream of the air turbine.
- a fuel is burned in the air in the combustion chamber 7, whereby a strained hot gas is produced, which in the turbine 8 is approximately working Ambient pressure is relaxed.
- the expanded hot gas is optionally reheated in a further burner 9 and then flows through the exhaust gas heat exchanger 5, in which the residual heat of the exhaust gas is transferred to the supply air to the air turbine 6.
- the air turbine 6 and the gas turbine 8 of the turbine unit are arranged on a common shaft and drive the generator GS.
- the compressor and turbine are completely mechanically decoupled from one another, and due to the storage volume interposed in the flow path, the fluid mechanical coupling also has a certain elasticity.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of an operating concept for a storage power plant with four compressor trains and two turbine units. 100% power is defined as the net power output PNET, which results when both turbine units and all four compressor trains work at maximum power in the state of equilibrium with respect to the mass balance of the storage volume 100.
- the line diagonally crossing the diagram and labeled ' PNET represents the net power output.
- the portion below 100% labeled P. is the respective power consumption of the compressors.
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates the power dynamics that can be achieved by means of the method according to the invention.
- the net power output PNET is plotted on the vertical diagram axis, negative values mean power consumption, and the time on the horizontal diagram axis.
- the engine is able to absorb power with a gradient of around 15% per minute.
- the dashed line shows the dynamics with which the power plant can react to a decreasing demand for power.
- a decreasing net power output is initially realized by a controlled start-up of the machine at, for example, 120% per minute, which means that the net power output can be reduced by 200% of the nominal system power in 100 seconds.
- the power output of the engine is also changed.
- An interesting point comes into play here. With a storage system of the type shown operated in accordance with the invention, successive load cycles of up to 200% of the nominal system power can be implemented without having to expose components which are subject to high thermal loads to alternating stress. The power control of this size can be fully taken over by the working machines.
- G1, G2, G3 power plants
- V compressor unit driven machine
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA 2490726 CA2490726C (en) | 2002-07-04 | 2003-06-30 | Method for power matching in an electricity grid |
AU2003281379A AU2003281379A1 (en) | 2002-07-04 | 2003-06-30 | Method for power adaptation in an electricity network |
US10/519,985 US7110865B2 (en) | 2002-07-04 | 2003-06-30 | Method for power adaptation in an electricity network |
EP03762379.0A EP1520333B1 (de) | 2002-07-04 | 2003-06-30 | Verfahren zur leistungsanpassung in einem elektrizit tsnetz |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH1178/02 | 2002-07-04 | ||
CH11782002 | 2002-07-04 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004006409A2 true WO2004006409A2 (de) | 2004-01-15 |
WO2004006409A3 WO2004006409A3 (de) | 2004-04-22 |
Family
ID=30005582
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CH2003/000432 WO2004006409A2 (de) | 2002-07-04 | 2003-06-30 | Verfahren zur leistungsanpassung in einem elektrizitätsnetz |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7110865B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1520333B1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2003281379A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2490726C (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004006409A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7464551B2 (en) * | 2002-07-04 | 2008-12-16 | Alstom Technology Ltd. | Method for operation of a power generation plant |
CN102282741B (zh) * | 2008-12-04 | 2014-06-18 | 美国能量变换公司 | 节能 |
US8200370B2 (en) | 2008-12-04 | 2012-06-12 | American Power Conversion Corporation | Energy reduction |
US20100145884A1 (en) * | 2008-12-04 | 2010-06-10 | American Power Conversion Corporation | Energy savings aggregation |
FR2958812B1 (fr) * | 2010-04-12 | 2015-01-09 | Novatec | Procede d'equilibrage d'un reseau electrique comportant plusieurs generateurs, repartiteurs et installations |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2756490A1 (de) * | 1977-11-17 | 1979-07-05 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Gasturbinenanlage fuer sehr grosse lastspruenge |
US4686822A (en) * | 1984-01-31 | 1987-08-18 | Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company Limited | Gas turbine power station with air storage and method for operating the same |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2263051A1 (de) * | 1972-12-22 | 1974-07-04 | Kraftwerk Union Ag | Gasturbinenanlage mit vorgeschaltetem luftspeicher |
US4312179A (en) * | 1978-05-05 | 1982-01-26 | Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Ltd. | Gas turbine power plant with air reservoir and method of operation |
CH630441A5 (de) * | 1978-05-08 | 1982-06-15 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Luftspeicher-gasturbinenkraftwerk und verfahren zu dessen betrieb. |
FR2438934A1 (fr) * | 1978-10-09 | 1980-05-09 | Accumulateurs Fixes | Dispositif de regulation de la charge d'une batterie d'accumulateurs |
US5778675A (en) * | 1997-06-20 | 1998-07-14 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Method of power generation and load management with hybrid mode of operation of a combustion turbine derivative power plant |
US6026349A (en) * | 1997-11-06 | 2000-02-15 | Heneman; Helmuth J. | Energy storage and distribution system |
US6153943A (en) * | 1999-03-03 | 2000-11-28 | Mistr, Jr.; Alfred F. | Power conditioning apparatus with energy conversion and storage |
US6134124A (en) * | 1999-05-12 | 2000-10-17 | Abb Power T&D Company Inc. | Universal distributed-resource interface |
US6184593B1 (en) * | 1999-07-29 | 2001-02-06 | Abb Power T&D Company Inc. | Uninterruptible power supply |
PL361466A1 (en) * | 2000-10-10 | 2004-10-04 | American Electric Power Company, Inc. | A power load-leveling system and packet electrical storage |
US6670721B2 (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2003-12-30 | Abb Ab | System, method, rotating machine and computer program product for enhancing electric power produced by renewable facilities |
US6858953B2 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2005-02-22 | Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. | Power control interface between a wind farm and a power transmission system |
-
2003
- 2003-06-30 US US10/519,985 patent/US7110865B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-06-30 CA CA 2490726 patent/CA2490726C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-06-30 AU AU2003281379A patent/AU2003281379A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-06-30 EP EP03762379.0A patent/EP1520333B1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-06-30 WO PCT/CH2003/000432 patent/WO2004006409A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2756490A1 (de) * | 1977-11-17 | 1979-07-05 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Gasturbinenanlage fuer sehr grosse lastspruenge |
US4686822A (en) * | 1984-01-31 | 1987-08-18 | Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company Limited | Gas turbine power station with air storage and method for operating the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2490726A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
CA2490726C (en) | 2011-08-09 |
US7110865B2 (en) | 2006-09-19 |
AU2003281379A1 (en) | 2004-01-23 |
AU2003281379A8 (en) | 2004-01-23 |
EP1520333B1 (de) | 2015-08-05 |
US20060007613A1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
EP1520333A2 (de) | 2005-04-06 |
WO2004006409A3 (de) | 2004-04-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2115274B1 (de) | Verfahren zum betrieb einer kraftwerksanlage | |
EP2118997B1 (de) | Verfahren zum betrieb einer kraftwerksanlage | |
DE112009000663B4 (de) | Verfahren zum betrieb einer kraftwerksanlage | |
EP2122129B1 (de) | Kraftwerksanlage sowie verfahren zu deren betrieb | |
EP1343953B1 (de) | Verfahren zum anfahren und belasten eines kombikraftwerks | |
EP3025031B1 (de) | Verfahren zum betreiben einer dampfturbinenanlage | |
EP2986825B1 (de) | Energiespeicheranordnung zur flexibilisierung von kraftwerken | |
DE4210541A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Gasturbogruppe | |
EP2594746A1 (de) | Gasturbinenkraftwerk mit einer Gasturbinenanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Gasturbinenkraftwerks | |
DE19902437B4 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum schnellen Anfahren und zur schnellen Leistungssteigerung einer Gasturbinenanlage | |
WO2006097495A2 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum bereitstellen einer regelleistung durch eine kombinierte gas- und dampfturbinenanlage | |
DE102004028530B4 (de) | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Kraftwerksanlage | |
AT12844U1 (de) | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer stationären Kraftanlage mit wenigstens einer Brennkraftmaschine | |
EP1520090B1 (de) | Verfahren zum betrieb eines kraftspeichers - krafterzeugungsanlage | |
WO2013000720A2 (de) | Zusätzliche regelanzapfung für einen vorwärmer zur verbesserung der anlagendynamik und frequenzregelung bei einem dampfkraftwerk | |
EP1520333B1 (de) | Verfahren zur leistungsanpassung in einem elektrizit tsnetz | |
DE940683C (de) | Gasturbinenanlage | |
EP0995891A2 (de) | Turbomaschine und Verfahren zum Betrieb derselben | |
CH699321A1 (de) | Kraftwerksanlage zum wahlweisen betrieb in stromnetzen mit unterschiedlicher netzfrequenz. | |
AT12845U1 (de) | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer stationären Kraftanlage mit wenigstens einer Brennkraftmaschine | |
DE102015119186A1 (de) | Kraftwerk, Kraftwerkverbund mit einem Kraftwerk sowie Betriebsverfahren | |
EP1536118A1 (de) | Kraftwerksanlage | |
WO2013000838A2 (de) | Hilfsdampferzeuger als zusätzliche frequenz- bzw. primär- und/oder sekundärregelmassnahme bei einem dampfkraftwerk | |
WO2014183891A1 (de) | Kraftwerksanlage und verfahren zum nachrüsten sowie zum betreiben der kraftwerksanlage | |
CH351980A (de) | Dampfturbinenanlage |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2003762379 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2490726 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2003762379 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2006007613 Country of ref document: US Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 10519985 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 10519985 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Country of ref document: JP |