WO2004013943A1 - A control circuit and a method for electrically connecting a load to a power source - Google Patents
A control circuit and a method for electrically connecting a load to a power source Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004013943A1 WO2004013943A1 PCT/AU2003/000983 AU0300983W WO2004013943A1 WO 2004013943 A1 WO2004013943 A1 WO 2004013943A1 AU 0300983 W AU0300983 W AU 0300983W WO 2004013943 A1 WO2004013943 A1 WO 2004013943A1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/14—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to occurrence of voltage on parts normally at earth potential
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/02—Details
- H02H3/04—Details with warning or supervision in addition to disconnection, e.g. for indicating that protective apparatus has functioned
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/02—Details
- H02H3/04—Details with warning or supervision in addition to disconnection, e.g. for indicating that protective apparatus has functioned
- H02H3/044—Checking correct functioning of protective arrangements, e.g. by simulating a fault
Definitions
- the invention has een developed primarily for domestic mains wired installations and will be described hereinafter with reference to that application.
- a sixteenth aspect of the invention there is provided a method for electrically connecting a mains load to a mains power source, where the load has a component that, in normal use, is electrically lisolated from the power source, the method including: providing at least two input terminals ifor electrically connecting with the 5 mains power source; providing at least two output terminals for electrically connecting with the load; being responsive to a voltage between the component and one or more of the input terminals being within a predetermined jrange for providing a sensor signal; and 0 being responsive to the sensor signal with a switching device for progressing between a first mode and a second mode wherein: in the first mode the input and output terminals are respectively electrically connected for allowing the load to receive power from the source via the switching device; and in the second mode the input and output terminals are electrically disconnected for preventing the source from 5 supplying power to the ad via the switching device,
- a control ' circuit including: at least two input terminals for electrically connecting with a power source; at least two output terminals for electrically connecting with a load; 0 a switching relay having a switching qoil that is selectively energised to progresses the relay between two modes wherein: in one of the modes the input and output terminals are respectively electrically connected for allowing the load to receive power from the source via the switching relay; and in the other mode the input and output terminals are electrically disconnected for preventing the source from supplying power to the load via the switching relay; and a sensor relay that is responsive to a predetermined condition for energising the coil of the switching relay.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the control circuit of Figure 2;
- Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a control circuit that is similar to Figure 3 but applied to a mains supply where, the phase to neutral voltage is about 110 Volts;
- Figure 10 is a schematic representation of a control circuit according to a further embodiment of the invention for use with a single phase low current domestic electrical appliance, where the phase to neutral mains supply voltage is about 240 Volts;
- Circuit 1 includes two input terminals 2 and 3 for respectively electrically connecting with the active and neutral conductors 4 and 5 of a mains power source 6.
- Two output terminals 7 and 8 electrically connect with a load in the form of a two pin domestic electrical appliance 9. While not explicitly shown, conductors 4 and 5 terminate at a domestic power outlet socket, and terminals 7 and 8 are incorporated into a two pin plug for insertion into that socket. That is, terminals 7 and 8 include elongate bundled conductors for extending between the outlet socket and the circuit,
- FIG. 2 there is illustrated another embodiment of the invention for use with a three pin domestic appliance 14, and where corresponding features are denoted by corresponding reference numerals.
- a control circuit 15 is similarly disposed within housing 10, although conductor 11 is connected to a third conductor 17 that is bundled together with the other two conductors 4 and 5.
- appliance 14 includes a metal housing or other major conductive dement, this is electrically connected to conductor 17, eitheriby conductor 11 or otherwise.
- conductor 17 While in a typical site having a mains-wiring system, conductor 17 is connected to an earth stake or other earth point at the site, in this embodiment conductor 17 is left floating to provide a reference similarly to that provided by housing 10 of the Figure 1 embodiment. Otherwise, the operation of circuits 1 and 15 is the same.
- - 16* Reference is now made to Figure 3 where there is illustrated a more detailed schematic of circuit 15. It will be appreciated that with the exception of the connection of conductor 11, circuit 1 is identical.
- Circuit 1 S includes a sensor having a low voltage miniature relay 19 with a 5 nominal Volt DC coil is responsive to a reference signal provided on conductor 11 being within a predetermined range for providing a sensor signal to a terminal 21 of relay 19,
- a switching device including a mains rated relay 22, is responsive to the sensor signal at terminal 21 for progressing between a first mode - as shown in Figure
- relay 19 is able to undertake many tens of thousands of switching operations without resistor 27 in place, and many hundreds of thousands when the resistor is in place- It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in other embodiments other low voltage relays are used having nominal energising voltages of other than five volts DC.
- Relay 22 includes two terminals 35 and 36 for respectively electrically connecting with conductors 2 and 3. Extending from these terminals are respective contacts 37 and 38 that are shown when normal operating conditions prevail, in that they are engaged with respective output terminals 39 and 40 so as to electrically connect terminal 2 with terminal 7, and terminal 3 with terminal 8.
- Relay 22 also includes a coil 44, a terminal 45 that is electrically connected to one end of coil, and a terminal 46 that is floating.
- the other end of coil 44 is electrically connected to terminal 3 - and hence the neutral conductor - via a manual actuated normally closed reset switch 48,
- Coil 44 is rated for the voltage provided by source 6 which, in this embodiment, is 220/240 Volts AC.
- Relay 22 is sold by ... under the model designation , . , However, other equivalent relays are used in other embodiments.
- coil 44 is not energised, and contact 37 extends between terminals 35 and 39, while contact 38 extends between terminal 36 and terminal 40.
- contact 37 electrically connects terminals 35 and 45; and contact 38 electrically connects contacts 36 and 40. That being so, terminal 7 is electrically disconnected from terminal 2, and terminal 8 is electrically disconnected from terminal 3.
- appliance 14 is electrically disconnected from source 6.
- Circuit 15 includes a miniature type normally open mains test switch 55 that at one side is connected to terminal 7, and at the other side that is electrically connected in series with a IN4004 diode 56 and a metal film type 8.2 k ⁇ current limiting resistor 57 that has a tolerance of 1%. Also included within circuit 15 is a 220/240 Volt miniature filament lamp 58 that extends between terminals 7 and 8 for providing a visual indication that the mains voltage is available to appliance 14.
- circuit 15 will remain operating normally.
- the circuit is able to be made more sensitive through removing resistor 27, although this may reduce the useful life of relay 19,
- Another alternative for reducing the lower limit at which coil 25 energises, is to omit diode 26 and simply have either resistor 27 (if included) or coil 25 directly electrically connected to conductor 11. Preferably, this would also be accompanied by the omission of test switch 55 ⁇ diode 56, resistor 57 and diode 26.
- diode 26 has the effect of half wave rectifying any AC voltage on conductor 17. Accordingly, if the mains voltage appears on conductor 17 due to a fault condition, it will only be once the positive half cycle of the AC signal progresses that coil 25 will be energised and relay 25 toggles from one state to the other. In any event, due to the low threshold for energising coil 25 - that is, 5 Volts DC when a typical fault condition will place close to the full mains AC voltage on conductor 17 - it toggles very quickly such that the sensor signal is provided at terminal 21 correspondingly quickly.
- Relay 19 having such a low threshold for toggling relative to the likely fault voltage. That is, once about 30 to 40 Volts DC appears on conductor 17 relay 1 will toggle. More typically, a fault condition exposes conductor 17 to substantially all the mains voltage and as such, coil 25 is quickly saturated. In embodiments where resistor 27 has a lower resistance, or is omitted, the reaction time of relay 19 will be improved. 2. Coil 44 of relay 22 being exposed quickly to the full mains voltage: initially via terminal 21; and subsequently via terminal 45. That is, coil 44 is maintained in parallel with source 6, with minimal series resistance to limit the energising current. The above embodiment has been found to operate more quickly than typical solid-state protection equipment that is installed in domestic installations.
- control circuit 1 operates similarly to that described above for circuit 15, The substantive difference being that for circuit 15 the reference voltage is obtained from the conductor 17 which coextends about the site with conductors 4 and 5, and is a shared reference for all three pin appliances in use at that site, Circuit 1 , however, makes use of a reference that is typically a conductor associated with the appliance and that is available to be, or at risk of being, engaged by the user - for example a metal housing or a drill chuck - and which is, consequently, to remain isolated from the mains voltage,
- Circuit 60 includes a similar configuration and operation to circuit 1 and 15, although a number of the components are different to best accommodate the lower mains voltage of 110/120 Volts AC as opposed to the 220/240 Volts AC mains voltage of Figure 3.
- the components that are different include; relay 22 which has a coil 44 that is rated to 110/120 Volts; resistors 27 and 57 that are 4.7 k ⁇ metal film resistors of 1% tolerance; and lamps 51 and 58 that are rated at 110/120 Volts.
- resistors 27 and 57 are able to be of a lesser value and still adequately limit the maximum current in coil 25. Tt will be appreciated that circuit 60 is applicable to both the Figure 1 and
- FIG. 1 configurations, and operates similarly to circuits 1 and 15 respectively, save for the lower mains voltages.
- relay 22 will not have sufficient current carrying capacity.
- circuit 15 is replaced by a corresponding circuit 61 that is illustrated in Figure 5 where corresponding features are denoted by corresponding reference numerals.
- the components in circuit 1 are similar to those in circuit 15, and are also arranged similarly.
- relay 22 has been substituted by relay 62 that includes four contact sets, three of which are used in parallel to pass mains voltages and currents to the appliance or other load, This parallel combination of contacts increases current rating of circuit 61 over that of circuit 15,'
- an increase in current capacity is achieved through use of a higher current rated relay, or through placing two relays 22 in parallel.
- higher current capacities are achieved in alternative embodiments hy placing two or more like relays 62 in parallel.
- circuit 61 An alternative use of circuit 61 is shown in Figure 6. Particularly, circuit dl is disposed between an isolation transformer 63 and circuit 15. It will be appreciated that all the mains current for the site is drawn through relay 61 , and a number of appliances 1 are connected in parallel at the site, some with an associated circuit 15, others without.
- a fault condition exists, it will not only ensure that a protected appliance - that is an appliance with a dedicated circuit 15 - is isolated, but also that all appliances are isolated due to circuit 61 triggering, That is, the fault condition is common to all control circuits due to the shared nature of conductor 17, It will be appreciated that conductor 17 is not earthed but floating, whereas source 6 - and the associated transmission lines and generation facilities - and the primaries of transformer 63 are earthed in accordance with the standards of a multiple earthing neutral (MEN) wiring system.
- MEN multiple earthing neutral
- Circuit 71 is similar to circuit 15, although some of the components have been varied due to the higher voltages involved. That said: the configuration of two relays - one low voltage relay connected to the neutral conductor, and a mains relay through which the load current flows - is retained. As there are three active phases, relay 22 is substituted by a relay 72 that includes four contacts, three of which accommodate the respective phases,
- resistors 27 and 57 remain unchanged from the Figure 3 embodiment.
- Other component changes include: relay 72 being rated at 415/440 Volts AC; diodes 29 and 56 being upgraded to IN4084 type with a 600 Volts AC rating; capacitor 52 being upgraded to a 1000 VoltB AC rating; and filament lamps 1 and 58 being upgraded to 415/440 Volts AC ratings, Otherwise, the operation of circuit 71 is very similar to that of circuit 15,
- Figure 8 illustrates power source 6, in the form of an electric power generation site, and a remote power consumption site 81, as represented by the area bounded by the correspondingly numbered broken line.
- Source 6 and site 81 are electrically interconnected by a power distribution system 82 that includes a plurality of spaced apart distribution structures 83 (only one shown for clarity) such as towers, poles and others that suspend or otherwise support the plurality of conductors that carry the electrical power between the generations site and the consumption site.
- Each or most of the distribution structures include an earth o stake or other earthed reference that is linked to the neutral conductor that is supported by that structure. This provides an MEN system.
- site 81 the electrical power provided by source 6 is fed to transformer 63, where it appears on the secondary windings as an isolated source.
- conductor 17 at a consumption site would be earthed.
- site 83 includes a conductor 17 that is floating, and which is available to be electrically connected with one or more elements of one or more appliances to be supplied power at site 83.
- This common floating reference across a plurality appliances at that site allows all control circuits of the preferred embodiments used at that site to be responsive to a fault and thereby provide an 0 increased level of safety.
- the control circuits of the preferred embodiment are able to be adapted for integration with a specific electrical appliance or installed in an overall protective role in a switchboard or the like,
- appliances 14 at site 81 there are a plurality of appliances 14 at site 81, each of which is connected in parallel with the terminals 2 and 3, Some of these 5 appliances, such as the one illustrated, include individual control circuits 15 or the like, while other appliances do not. In any event, in the presence of a fault condition, those latter appliances will still be isolated due to the operation of circuit 63.
- circuit 90 is intended for disposing between source 6 and a load in the form of appliance 14 in substitution for circuit 1 of Figure 1,
- circuit 90 is configured for installation in a switchboard of a power consumption site 83 or otherwise.
- circuit 90 is designed for a lower current application and to a specific species of electronic appliance that is sensitive to over or under voltage conditions. Examples of such appliances include specific computer devices and peripherals, various communications devices, precision measuring equipment and other electronic devices such as high quality video and sound reproduction equipment.
- devices that process signals digitally have an accuracy of processing that is sensitive to variations is power supply voltages.
- Circuit 90 also includes a mains relay 93 having a coil 94 that, under normal operating conditions, is energised by the mains voltage to maintain three contacts 95, 96 and 97 in the positions shown in the Figure,
- a 240 Volt primary center tapped 9/0/9 Volts AC 150 mAmp transformer 98 is placed in parallel with terminals 2 and 3 for providing an AC voltage of between 0 and 6 Volts via;
- a bridge rectifier in the form of a WO4 mini-bridge rectifier 99 that is rated at 400 Volts (max).
- This voltage is regulated by a voltage regulator 103 that, i this embodiment, is a 7805 regulator of the positive type.
- Regulator 103 has a set point that is able to be adjusted by correspondingly adjusting a lOk ⁇ linear potentiometer 104 that is rated at
- circuit 90 This adjustment allows circuit 90 to be more easily applied to a variety of appliances, or to different mains voltages.
- coil 115 will remai de-energised, However, once the input voltage moves outside that range, o the voltage provided by regulator 1 3 will rise such that coil 115 is energised sufficiently to oggle a contact 118 from the state shown to the alternative state. Once that occurs, coil 94 of relay 93 will be floating and hence that coil will be de- energised, and contacts 95, 96 and 97 will toggle to their respective alternative states. This, in turn, will isolate terminals 7 and 8 from terminals 2 and 3, while also ensuring 5 that lamp 51 is illuminated, while lamp 58 is extinguished.
- Circuit 90 also includes a normally closed reset button 117 for allowing a user to manually reset the circuit after a fault condition has been remedied.
- Circuit 120 includes terminals 2 and 3 that are electrically connected to a 240 Volts mains power source and terminals 7 and 8 that are connected to a load in the form of an alarm siren and warning lights (not shown).
- the load is a different device or appliance. While the embodiments referred to above under normal operating conditions ensure the mains 5 voltage is supplied to the load, and interrupt that supply only if predetermined conditions exist, this embodiment operates in a different sense. More particularly, under normal operating conditions the mains supply is isolated from the load and it is only under predetermined conditions that that mains supply is connected with the load.
- the circuit also includes a sensor in the form of a conductor 121 that is electrically connected with an external component that, under predetermined conditions, provides a voltage signal.
- conductor 121 is .electrically connected to a component in the form of a common 9 Volt domestic smoke detector (not shown). Under smoke free conditions, the detector does not apply a voltage to conductor 121, However, when the detector detects a smoke condition it provides a 9 Volts DC signal to conductor 121 which, in turn, is feed by series current limiting resistor 122 to an LED side of a triac opto-coupler 123 such that the coupler is progressed to a conductive state.
- Resistor 122 is a 56 ⁇ 0.5 Watt metal film type resistor, while coupler 123 a type MOC 3020/3021 that is contained in a 6 pin package.
- Coupler 123 in the conductive state, allows a current flow sufficient to trigger a triac 124.
- Two biasing resistors 125 and 126 are chosen to set the sensitivity of triac 124, while a capacitor 127 is used to short any undesirable switching transients, hi this embodiment, traic 124 is a type BT 137F (in a TO-220 case) that is rated at 600 Volts AC and 8 Amps.
- Resistors 125 and 126 are each 470 ⁇ metal film resistors that are rated at 0.5 Watts.
- Capacitor 127 is a polyester type capacitor that is rated at 0.01 ⁇ F at 600 Volts AC. In other embodiments alternative components and values are used.
- a miniature 5 Volts DC relay 130 includes a coil 131 that, upon triac 124 being triggered, is quickly and easily energised as it is subjected to substantially the full mains voltage. This toggles a contact 132 from the state shown in Figure 10 to the alternative state (not shown).
- Relay 130 is similar to relay 19, but in other embodiments alternative relays are used,
- a mains rated relay 135 includes a coil 136 that under normal conditions is not energised. However, once contact 132 of relay 130 toggles to the alternative state, coil 136 is subj ct to the full mains voltage and quickly toggles its two contacts 137 and 138 from the normal state shown, to the alternative state (not shown). Once this occurs, the mains voltage appearing at terminals 2 and 3 is transferred to terminals 7 and 8. As such, the alarm siren and warning lights are provided with mains power and activated to alert those in the vicinity of the smoke condition. In other embodiments, however, the alarm siren and warning lights are at a location other than near the smoke condition. Once relay 135 switches or toggles between states, coil 131 of relay 130 de- energises and contact 132 returns to the state illustrated in Figure 10.
- Circuit 120 also includes an output signal conductor 139 that is connected to external circuitry (not shown). Accordingly, with conductor 1 1 being held at or - 2 ⁇ - about 9 Volts, and relay 135 toggled from the resting state, the external circuitry is alerted to the smoke condition and is able to amplify the condition.
- the external circuitry is, in one embodiment, an actuator for exit signs at the same site where circuit 1 0 is installed. Circuit 120 is advantageous because there is very little current load placed upon the smoke detector. Moreover, the battery need supply that current for only a short period, that is, until coil 131 is energised.
- coil 131 is a nommal 5 Volts DC coil; and is being briefly exposed to a substantive voltage, the delay prior to the energising of that coil is very short, Accordingly, the lifetime of the 9 Volt DC battery in the detector will not be unnecessarily compromised.
- Circuit 120 also includes a normally closed manual reset button 141 for allowing a user to de-energise coil 136 and hence once again isolate terminals 7 and 8 from terminals 2 and 3. Once that occurs, and assuming the smoke condition is not still present, the alarm siren and warning lights will be deactivated.
- circuit 120 is able to be integrated with an alarm siren, warning lights, or other electrical device or appliance that is desired to be powered upon predetermined conditions being satisfied.
- circuit 120 is included within the housing of a smoke detector. Also included in circuit 120 is a normally open manual test button 142 that allows manual testing of the circuit.
- Circuit 150 includes input terminals 2 and 3 that for electrically connecting with a 12 Volt DC supply (not shown), and output terminals 7 and 8 for providing that supply voltage to a 12 Volt load (not shown).
- This circuit is primary for automotive applications, but is also suitable for domestic and commercial use.
- the load is an electric motor, and circuit 150 is for preventing that motor from starting in the event that the starting current is too great, Such a condition occurs, for example, if the motor is heavily loaded.
- Circuit 150 includes a two relay combination of a 12 Volt DC relay 151 and a 5 Volt DC relay 152 that are configured similarly to relay 22 and relay 19 respectively of Figure 3. However, due to the different operating voltages, the components are different. For instance: capacitor 52 is a 0.22 ⁇ F device that is rated at 30 Volts DC; filament lamps 1 and 58 are rated at 12 Volts DC; and resistors 27 and 57 are 22 ⁇ metal film resistors.
- circuit 150 Also included within circuit 150 is a normally open manual switch 153 in series with diode 26, and a 0.5 ⁇ 30 Amp resistor 154 disposed between terminals 3 and S, and in parallel with coil 155 of relay 152.
- switch 153 Once switch 153 is depressed to commence the starting operation, should the load current of the motor - which also must flow through resistor 1 4 - generate a sufficient voltage across coil 155, that coil will be energised and subsequently toggle relay 1 1 from the state shown to the alternative state, This, in turn, will disconnect the motor from the ' power source and allow the user to investigate and/or remove the causes that give rise to the fault condition.
- Circuit 150 is applicable to other voltage supplies and loads other than motors, The application of this particular circuit to a 24 Volt DC supply requires an up-rating only of the coil in relay 151 and lamps 51 and 58, It will be appreciated that it may also be necessary to adjust the values of resistors 27 and 154 to ensure coil 155 of relay 152 is energised at the correct threshold.
- Circuit 160 is similar to circuit 150, although it includes input terminals 2 and 3 for electrically connecting with a 24 Volt AC supply (not shown), and output terminals 7 and 8 for providing that supply voltage to a 24 Volt load (not shown).
- circuit 160 is applied to other supply voltages, including particularly 32 Volts AC and 42 Volts AC.
- This circuit is primary for marine applications, but is also suitable for domestic and commercial use, as required.
- the load is an electric motor (not shown), and circuit 160 is for preventing that motor from operating in the event of a fault condition comprising a short between the active and neutral conductors of the power source.
- a contact pad 1 1 that is comprised of two opposed stainless steel plates that are mounted onBakelite material or other substrate, This pad is mounted at the base of the motor. l other embodiments, however, a plurality of such pads connected in parallel and mounted to the motor at spaced apart locations. As the substrate beoomes moist it progressively becomes more conductive. Eventually, as the moistness increases, pad 161 will act as a short circuit, and, due to the voltage drop across resistor 154, relay 152 will toggle states and the motor will be isolated from terminals 2 and 3.
- the control circuits of the preferred embodiments are able to be constructed cost effectively from "off-the-shelf components that are made by leading international electric and electronic manufacturers, This makes it easy to justify the inclusion of a control circuit within a wide variety of appliances. Moreover, the assembled components are relatively compact - with typical total dimensions of about 30 mm x 20 mm x 10 mm - and able to be relatively easily fitted within the existing housings of a variety of typical appliances such as white goods or other domestic appliances. Alternatively, if some redesign is required, it need not be substantive.
- the functionality and flexibility of the circuits of the preferred embodiments allow the invention to be applied not only directly into individual appliances, but also as a protection device for a plurality of appliances at a given site. In the event of a fault condition, this level of protection will also reduce the risk of electrocution or electric shocks. This applies even if the fault condition is caused by a three pin appliance at the site that does not itself have a dedicated control circuit according to the invention.
- the embodiments used with AC mains supplies will, upon a fault condition being present, trigger within about 30 msec at a mains frequency of 60 Hz. Accordingly, the risk of electrocution or electric shock is at least as good as, and typically better, than commercially available prior art protection devices. Additionally, these embodiments monitor the voltage across the neutral conductor and a floating conductor. The floating conductor is electrically connected to those surfaces or elements that a user or other person is likely to contact and, as such, should that surface or element become electrified, the control circuit concerned will trigger. This is not over-current protection, but rather the prevention of a fault current in the first place. Prior art protection devices have typically protected against over-current conditions.
- the embodiments of the invention are configured such that the relays coils and as many of the other components as possible are at a rest condition - that is, a low power consumption condition - a during normal operating conditions. It is only once a fault condition occurs that the relays are activated and consume any substantive power. Moreover, the low voltage DC relay is only in a high power consumption mode for a very short time, for as soon as the mains relay switches, the DC relay is once again returned to a low power consumption state. '
- the embodiments of the invention lend themselves to being encapsulated for both electrical and physical isolation from surrounding electrical components. This allows immersion of the control circuits in water or other fluids, in use in other hazardous environment without corrupting their correct operation. This arises from the fact that the embodiments of the invention, under normal operating conditions, consume only miniscule amounts of energy and hence radiate correspondingly miniscule amounts of heat. This will ensure that the encapsulating material will not be prematurely degraded, and that no thermal build up will deteriorate the elements of the control circuit itself.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004525070A JP2005535275A (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2003-08-04 | Control circuit for electrically connecting load to power supply, and connection method |
US10/517,546 US7378761B2 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2003-08-04 | Control circuit and a method for electrically connecting a load to a power source |
CA 2491082 CA2491082A1 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2003-08-04 | A control circuit and a method for electrically connecting a load to a power source |
EP20030766070 EP1532719A1 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2003-08-04 | A control circuit and a method for electrically connecting a load to a power source |
AU2003246460A AU2003246460A1 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2003-08-04 | A control circuit and a method for electrically connecting a load to a power source |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2002950581A AU2002950581A0 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2002-08-02 | Electrical safety circuit |
AU2002950581 | 2002-08-02 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004013943A1 true WO2004013943A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
Family
ID=27809677
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/AU2003/000983 WO2004013943A1 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2003-08-04 | A control circuit and a method for electrically connecting a load to a power source |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7378761B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1532719A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2005535275A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1672307A (en) |
AU (3) | AU2002950581A0 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2491082A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004013943A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200500412B (en) |
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CN105552876A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-05-04 | 惠州华阳通用电子有限公司 | Signal automatic identifying and switching method and apparatus |
CN109155871B (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2020-11-13 | 麦克赛尔株式会社 | Image output system, image output device and connection cable |
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- 2003-08-04 US US10/517,546 patent/US7378761B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-04 CA CA 2491082 patent/CA2491082A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-08-04 AU AU2003246460A patent/AU2003246460A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-08-04 CN CNA038185040A patent/CN1672307A/en active Pending
- 2003-08-04 WO PCT/AU2003/000983 patent/WO2004013943A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-08-04 JP JP2004525070A patent/JP2005535275A/en active Pending
-
2005
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2009
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7378761B2 (en) | 2008-05-27 |
EP1532719A1 (en) | 2005-05-25 |
CN1672307A (en) | 2005-09-21 |
ZA200500412B (en) | 2006-09-27 |
CA2491082A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
JP2005535275A (en) | 2005-11-17 |
AU2003246460A1 (en) | 2004-02-23 |
AU2009200410A1 (en) | 2009-02-26 |
US20050207075A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
AU2002950581A0 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
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