WO2004027612A2 - Application server object-level security for distributed computing domains - Google Patents

Application server object-level security for distributed computing domains Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004027612A2
WO2004027612A2 PCT/GB2003/004063 GB0304063W WO2004027612A2 WO 2004027612 A2 WO2004027612 A2 WO 2004027612A2 GB 0304063 W GB0304063 W GB 0304063W WO 2004027612 A2 WO2004027612 A2 WO 2004027612A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
security
objects
administrative
application server
user
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2003/004063
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2004027612A3 (en
Inventor
Peter Birk
Ching-Yun Chao
Hyen Chung
Carlton Mason
Ajaykumar Reddy
Vishwanath Venkataramappa
Original Assignee
International Business Machines Corporation
Ibm United Kingdom Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corporation, Ibm United Kingdom Limited filed Critical International Business Machines Corporation
Priority to JP2004537309A priority Critical patent/JP4636366B2/en
Priority to EP03750943A priority patent/EP1540474B1/en
Priority to DE60329002T priority patent/DE60329002D1/en
Priority to AT03750943T priority patent/ATE441150T1/en
Priority to AU2003269163A priority patent/AU2003269163A1/en
Publication of WO2004027612A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004027612A2/en
Publication of WO2004027612A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004027612A3/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/30—Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals
    • G06F21/31—User authentication

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the fields of application server security management systems and tools.
  • Application servers are server programs executed by a computer or computing platform in a distributed network such as an intranet or the Internet, and which provide business logic for an application or service.
  • Companies such as International Business Machines (IBM®) , Microsoft® Corporation and Sun Microsystems provide software suites for developing, managing, deploying, and running application servers on a wide variety of hardware platforms including, but not limited to, personal computers, network servers, mainframes, and workstations, targeted for a wide variety of operating systems including, but not limited to, UNIX®, Linux, IBM's AIX®, OS/2®, and OS/390®, Microsoft's Windows®, and Sun's Solaris.
  • IBM provides a well-known and widely-used application server suite known as WebSphere® (IBM, AIX, OS/2 and OS/390 are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation; Microsoft and Windows are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both.; UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries . )
  • Application servers may be developed in high level languages (“H s”) such as "C”, portable languages such as Sun Microsystem's JavaTM, and combinations thereof .
  • H s high level languages
  • Portions of application logic may be embodied in Enterprise Java Beans ("EJB”), dynamic link libraries (“DLL”), program objects, applets, and servelets, depending upon the design methodology(ies) and language (s) used to develop the application server program.
  • EJB Enterprise Java Beans
  • DLL dynamic link libraries
  • program objects program objects
  • applets applets
  • servelets depending upon the design methodology(ies) and language (s) used to develop the application server program.
  • Java and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both.
  • Application servers typically cooperate with client computers and processes, such as web browsers and remote terminals, to interface to a user in order to perform a needed function or service.
  • client computers and processes include, but are not limited to, hyper text transfer protocol ("HTTP”), transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (“TCP/IP”), secure sockets layer (“SSL”), and file transfer protocol (“FTP”).
  • HTTP hyper text transfer protocol
  • TCP/IP transmission control protocol/Internet protocol
  • SSL secure sockets layer
  • FTP file transfer protocol
  • Client processes for cooperation with an application server may include, but are not limited to, stand-alone (e.g. browser independent) client programs, hypertext markup language (“HTML”) resources, browser extensions and plug-ins, extensible markup language (“XML”) resources, graphics and multimedia objects (e.g. TIFF, GIF, JPEG, AVI, etc.), Java server pages (“JSP”), active server pages (“ASP), personal home pages (“PHP”), Java modules, and Java Beans.
  • JSP hypertext markup language
  • Application servers may interact with other system resources such as file systems and databases to read, store, create and copy data, as well. These system resources may be directly managed by an application server, such as a local cache, or may be accessible through and manage by other servers .
  • Application servers also often cooperate with security authorization and authentication servers to determine whether a user is who the user claims to be, and whether the user has permission or privileges to perform the actions requested, access the resources or data needed, etc.
  • Protocols for communications between application servers and such authorization and authentication processes, as well as with other system resources may include any of the protocols previously listed for client communications, and often include other protocols defined by proprietary specifications as well as “open” standards such as Java Version 2 Enterprise Edition (“J2EE”) interface and communications models and Common Object Broker Request Architecture (“CORBA”).
  • J2EE Java Version 2 Enterprise Edition
  • CORBA Common Object Broker Request Architecture
  • CORBA CORBA
  • IBM's SOM an DSOM architectures Netscape Corporation's Open Network Environment (“ONE")
  • Sun Microsystem's RMI Sun Microsystem's RMI
  • Microsoft's COM and DCOM architectures These architectures allow client application program objects to "discover" the existence of other program objects which may be useful or needed for completion of a task or service.
  • An Object Request Broker- (“ORB”) is a component of such an architecture to which clients can send requests for particular functions. The ORB then forwards these requests to appropriate servers of which the ORB is aware and which can handle the function needed by the client. The client and server (s) then interact to determine appropriate interfaces to use so that the client may use the program objects provided by the server.
  • ORB Interoperable Object References
  • IOR's provide object references which are independent of platform on which the objects reside, and which are independent of ORB implementation.
  • Application management includes control and monitoring of an application from its installation and configuration, through its useful lifecycle including collection of metrics and tuning to maximize efficiency and responsiveness.
  • the model adopted by application management systems is often a manager-agent model.
  • the application is responsible for providing certain information to the management system, responding to requests for information actions from an agent of the management system, and communicating with an management system agent .
  • the management system agent typically executes on the same hardware platform as the application which is being managed.
  • the management system communicates to one or more agents which are themselves in touch with the applications being managed.
  • the management system may communicate with its agents using a proprietary protocol, or may use an "open" protocol such as Simple Network Management Protocol ("SNMP") or Java Management Extensions (“JMX").
  • SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
  • JMX Java Management Extensions
  • Some example management systems available on the market are Tivoli ' s Management Environment and IBM's WebSphere administration application.
  • MBeans are objects which are accessible via the standard JMX interfaces, and which provide developers with abilities to expose application-specific management interfaces.
  • the JMX MBeanServer (33) runs the Application Server MBean (34) , which is responsible for exposing interfaces of the application server (31) to the management application (37).
  • the JMX MBean Server (33) also runs the Application MBean (35) , which exposes the application-specific management interfaces for the application (32) to the management application (37) .
  • the MBeanServer (33) also provides any adapters (36) necessary to bridge one or more management systems to the application so that the administration facilities of the application managers can be used in conjunction with the application.
  • an administrative server is the central point of contact where all administrative requests are directed. Securing this administrative server only required configuring application servers as secure clients, but the applications servers did not have to be configured as secure servers . As no user objects are allowed on the administrative server, and no administrative objects were allowed on the application servers, this approach met the needs in the art for some time.
  • object level security (instead of server level security) is needed but not supported by legacy architectures.
  • all application processes include administrative resources which need to be protected, even though user resources may or may not need to be protected.
  • administrative object security would be disabled if user object security is disabled. For user objects and resources which really do not need to be secure, this enforces a performance penalty unnecessarily and undesirably by requiring authentication and authorization processes to be applied to these user objects. If the system is configured to disable security which by default includes disabling administrative resource security, the system is unnecessarily and undesirably exposed to security breach via the administrative functions .
  • the invention provides a method in a distributed computing domain comprising: distributing administrative objects and user objects to one or more application servers; defining a global security flag for domain level security of administrative objects; associating one or more application server security flags with interfaces to said distributed administrative objects; and performing one or more security operations by an application server in cooperation with a client process in one of three modes, in which first mode user objects and administrative objects are protected if said global security flag and said associated application server security flags are enabled, in said second mode user objects are used without security operations but administrative objects are protected wherein said global security flag is enabled and said associated application server flag is disabled, and in said third mode user objects and administrative objects are used without security operations wherein said global security flag is disabled.
  • a system and method are preferably provided which allow for object-level security configuration for application servers which contain user objects and administrative objects.
  • Processes and mechanisms are preferably provided which allow security for administrative objects and naming objects to be separately and declaratively enabled and disabled apart from security enablement for user object security on an application server-by-server basis within a security domain. This preferably provides the ability to disable user security while maintaining administrative security in the same process, especially within an application environment based upon the IBM WebSphere Application Server product.
  • Customers may preferably selectively disable user object security on some application servers within a security domain, while maintaining security of user objects on other applications servers, and while preferably having global administrative object security throughout the security domain. Administrative functions such as administrative security, internal system management, etc . , can therefore preferably be managed separately from user security.
  • the client process es
  • the client process are preferably unaware of whether an application object is a user object or an administrative object, but is preferably only aware of each object's requirement to perform security functions or not.
  • the present invention preferably allows for declarative definition of which objects are to be protected by class and package.
  • a CORBA architecture is preferably adopted in which the ORB exports IOR's to the name server for shared objects.
  • IOR's for objects which are to be secured such as administrative objects are preferably provided with tagged components which indicate security details for use of that service.
  • IOR's for insecure objects such as user objects are preferably exported without tagged components .
  • An IOR interceptor is preferably invoked when any given object is exported.
  • the IOR interceptor preferably loads a descriptor file listing all of the administrative objects or administrative packages which need to be protected. This preferably allows specification of a single object, list of individual objects, or package of objects to be protected when global security is enabled within the security domain.
  • IOR's are preferably exported having security tagged components. Later, when a client picks up a tagged IOR, the client is preferably made aware of the security requirements to invoke a request for that service, if no tags are provided in the IOR, then the service can preferably be requested without security measures. Preferably for these insecure objects, the client will not send any user security information to the application server, nor will it protect the transport to the application server, which results in a performance improvement for those user objects and avoids unnecessarily protecting user objects.
  • flags are preferably utilized to configure object-level security in a domain: (a) a global (domain-wide administrative security) security flag, and (b) one or more application server security flags. While the former is preferably maintained at the domain level, the latter are preferably specific to each application sever.
  • the global security flag preferably determines whether or not all administrative objects are secured • throughout the domain. These administrative objects are preferably also listed in the aforementioned descriptor file.
  • Each application server security flag preferably enables or disables security for user objects on the application server to which it pertains only, but does not affect security of the administrative objects on that server.
  • security operations are performed by providing separate security operations for administrative objects and user objects.
  • application server security flags with administrative object interfaces by selecting an action from the group of exporting a CORBA IOR with tagged components for user objects on application servers where application server user object security is enabled, and providing an object type in an UDDI registry for user objects on application servers where application server user object security is enabled.
  • an application server eg a WebSphere application server
  • a client process is provided as an Enterprise Java Bean.
  • Preferably user objects are provided as Enterprise Java Beans.
  • MBeans Preferably administrative objects are provided as MBeans.
  • Preferably security operations selected from the list of authentication, authorization and transport protection are performed.
  • a security protocol selected from the group of Simple Object Access Protocol and Inter-ORB Protocol is employed.
  • a service description model selected from the group of IDL and Web Services Definition Language with Web Service Endpoint Language and Interface Definition Language is employed.
  • the invention provides a computer program for use in a distributed computing domain, said computer program comprising program code means adapted to perform the following steps when the program is run on a computer: distributing administrative objects and user objects to one or more application servers; defining a global security flag for domain level security of administrative objects; associating one or more application server security flags with interfaces to said distributed administrative objects; and performing one or more security operations by an application server in cooperation with a client process in one of three modes, in which first mode user objects and administrative objects are protected if said global security flag and said associated application server security flags are enabled, in said second mode user objects are used without security operations but administrative objects are protected wherein said global security flag is enabled and said associated application server flag is disabled, and in said third mode user objects and administrative objects are used without security operations wherein said global security flag is disabled.
  • an object-level security system in a distributed computing domain comprising: one or more administrative objects and one or more user objects distributed among one or more application servers; a global security flag defining security of said administrative objects within a networked computing domain level; one or more application server security flags associated with interfaces to said distributed administrative objects; and one or more security operations performable by an application server in cooperation with a client process in one of three modes, in which first mode user objects and administrative objects are protected if said global security flag and said associated application server security flags are enabled, in said second mode user objects are used without security operations but administrative objects are protected wherein said global security flag is enabled and said associated application server flag is disabled, and in said third mode user objects and administrative objects are used without security operations wherein said global security flag is disabled.
  • the security operation comprises separate security operations for administrative objects and user objects.
  • the application server security flags associated with administrative object interfaces comprises object type indicators selected from the group of a CORBA IOR with tagged components for user objects on application servers where application server user object security is enabled, and an object type in an UDDI registry for user objects on application servers where application server user object security is enabled.
  • Figure 1 depicts a generalized computing platform architecture, such as a personal computer, server computer, personal digital assistant, web-enabled wireless telephone, or other processor-based device.
  • Figure 2 shows a generalized organization of software and firmware associated with the generalized architecture of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a typical arrangement of a management system and application.
  • Figure 4 sets forth the process and interactions of the present invention in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 graphically depicts the process of exporting IOR's for shared objects with tagged components in the HOP model implementation in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 graphically depicts the process for a client to request a shared object or service in the HOP model implementation in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the invention is preferably realized as a feature, extension, or improvement of the enterprise server software already found present on well-known computing platforms such as personal computers, web servers, and web browsers .
  • These common computing platforms can include personal computers, work stations, and mainframes, and conceivably suitably capable portable computing platforms, such as personal digital assistants ("PDA”), web-enabled wireless telephones, and other types of personal information management ( "PIM” ) devices .
  • PDA personal digital assistants
  • PIM personal information management
  • FIG. 1 a generalized architecture is presented including a central processing unit (1) (“CPU”), which is typically comprised of a microprocessor (2) associated with random access memory (“RAM”) (4) and read-only memory (“ROM”) (5). Often, the CPU (1) is also provided with cache memory (3) and programmable FlashROM (6) .
  • the interface (7) between the microprocessor (2) and the various types of CPU memory is often referred to as a "local bus", but also may be a more generic or industry standard bus .
  • HDD hard-disk drives
  • floppy disk drives compact disc drives
  • CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, DVD-R, etc. proprietary disk and tape drives
  • proprietary disk and tape drives e.g., Iomega Zip and Jaz, Addonics SuperDisk, etc.
  • Many computing platforms are provided with one or more communication interfaces (10) , according to the function intended of the computing platform.
  • a personal computer is often provided with a high speed serial port (RS-232, RS-422, etc.), an enhanced parallel port (“ ⁇ PP”), and one or more universal serial bus (“USB”) ports.
  • the computing platform may also be provided with a local area network (“LAN”) interface, such as an Ethernet card, and other high-speed interfaces such as the High Performance Serial Bus IEEE-1394.
  • LAN local area network
  • Ethernet card such as an Ethernet card
  • IEEE-1394 High Performance Serial Bus IEEE-1394
  • Computing platforms such as wireless telephones and wireless networked PDA's may also be provided with a radio frequency (“RF”) interface with antenna, as well.
  • RF radio frequency
  • the computing platform may be provided with an infrared data arrangement (IrDA) interface, too.
  • IrDA infrared data arrangement
  • Computing platforms are often equipped with one or more internal expansion slots (11) , such as Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) , Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) , Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), or proprietary interface slots for the addition of other hardware, such as sound cards, memory boards, and graphics accelerators .
  • ISA Industry Standard Architecture
  • EISA Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture
  • PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect
  • proprietary interface slots for the addition of other hardware, such as sound cards, memory boards, and graphics accelerators .
  • many units such as laptop computers and PDA's, are provided with one or more external expansion slots (12) allowing the user the ability to easily install and remove hardware expansion devices, such as PCMCIA cards, SmartMedia cards, and various proprietary modules such as removable hard drives, CD drives, and floppy drives.
  • hardware expansion devices such as PCMCIA cards, SmartMedia cards, and various proprietary modules such as removable hard drives, CD drives, and floppy drives.
  • the storage drives (9) , communication interfaces (10) , internal expansion slots (11) and external expansion slots (12) are interconnected with the CPU (1) via a standard or industry open bus architecture (8), such as ISA, EISA, or PCI.
  • bus (8) may be of a proprietary design.
  • a computing platform is usually provided with one or more user input devices,- such as a keyboard or a keypad (16) , and mouse or pointer device (17) , and/or a touch-screen display (18) .
  • user input devices such as a keyboard or a keypad (16) , and mouse or pointer device (17) , and/or a touch-screen display (18) .
  • a full size keyboard is often provided along with a mouse or pointer device, such as a track ball or TrackPoint.
  • a simple keypad may be provided with one or more function-specific keys.
  • a touch-screen (18) is usually provided, often with handwriting recognition capabilities.
  • a microphone (19) such as the microphone of a web-enabled wireless telephone or the microphone of a personal computer, is supplied with the computing platform.
  • This microphone may be used for simply reporting audio and voice signals, and it may also be used for entering user choices, such as voice navigation of web sites or auto-dialing telephone numbers, using voice recognition capabilities.
  • Many computing platforms are also equipped with a camera device (100) , such as a still digital camera or full motion video digital camera.
  • a camera device such as a still digital camera or full motion video digital camera.
  • the display (13) may take many forms, including a Cathode Ray Tube (“CRT”), a Thin Flat Transistor (“TFT”) array, or a simple set of light emitting diodes (“LED”) or liquid crystal display (“LCD”) indicators.
  • CTR Cathode Ray Tube
  • TFT Thin Flat Transistor
  • LED simple set of light emitting diodes
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • One or more speakers (14) and/or annunciators (15) are often associated with computing platforms, too.
  • the speakers (14) may be used to reproduce audio and music, such as the speaker of a wireless telephone or the speakers of a personal computer.
  • Annunciators (15) may take the form of simple beep emitters or buzzers, commonly found on certain devices such as PDAs and PIMs.
  • the computing platform is also provided with one or more software and firmware (101) programs to implement the desired functionality of the computing platforms.
  • OS operating system
  • portable or device-independent programs
  • OS-native platform-specific interpreter such as Java scripts and programs.
  • computing platforms are also provided with a form of web browser or micro-browser (26), which may also include one or more extensions to the browser such as browser plug-ins (27) .
  • the computing device is often provided with an operating system (20), such as Microsoft Windows, UNIX, IBM OS/2, LINUX, MAC OS or other platform specific operating systems.
  • an operating system such as Microsoft Windows, UNIX, IBM OS/2, LINUX, MAC OS or other platform specific operating systems.
  • Smaller devices such as PDA's and wireless telephones may be equipped with other forms of operating systems such as real-time operating systems (“RTOS”) or Palm Computing's PalmOS.
  • RTOS real-time operating systems
  • Palm Computing's PalmOS Palm Computing's PalmOS.
  • BIOS basic input and output functions
  • hardware device drivers (21) are often provided to allow the operating system (20) and programs to interface to and control the specific hardware functions provided with the computing platform.
  • one or more embedded firmware programs (22) are commonly provided with many computing platforms, which are executed by onboard or “embedded” microprocessors as part of the peripheral device, such as a micro controller or a hard drive, a communication processor, network interface card, or sound or graphics card.
  • Figures 1 and 2 describe in a general sense the various hardware components, software and firmware programs of a wide variety of computing platforms, including but not limited to personal computers, PDAs, PIMs, web-enabled telephones, and other appliances such as WebTV [TM] units .
  • the present invention is preferably implemented as software and firmware on such a computing platform. It will be readily recognized by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be alternatively realized as hardware functions .
  • the invention is realized as a collection or set of Java Beans which access and modify certain system files and resources as described in more detail in the following paragraphs, but the invention may be integrated into existing software such as web server suites .
  • a CORBA architecture is employed in which objects are defined with the OMG Interface Definition Language (“IDL”), objects are distributed among servers and clients, and an Object Request Broker (“ORB”) is used to coordinate discovery of and use of available objects and services.
  • IDL compilers implement CORBA bindings, and generate client stubs and server skeletons which map each object's services from the server environment to the client.
  • Communication protocols between clients and servers and between servers themselves is the General Inter-ORB Protocol (“G OP"), and Inter-ORB Protocol (“HOP”) which implements GIOP over the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (“TCP/IP”).
  • G OP General Inter-ORB Protocol
  • HOP Inter-ORB Protocol
  • TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
  • Interoperable Object references provide platform-independent and ORB-implementation-independent object references.
  • a naming service is provided within the CORBA architecture which binds each CORBA object to a public name.
  • an Enterprise Java Bean (“EJB”) programming model is employed in which object interfaces and server implementation conform to Java definitions, objects are distributed such that they can be remotely accessed, and Java communications protocols are used including Remote Method Invocation (“RMI").
  • RMI Remote Method Invocation
  • This exemplary embodiment is implemented using the IBM WebSphere Application Server product running under the AIX or Linux operating system on an IBM enterprise server.
  • RMI-IIOP clients should preferably not use the RMI-JRMP format of Java RMI protocol . In other embodiments using other web application environments, this restriction may not be necessary.
  • the Java Naming Service (“JNDI”) is employed for the naming service in this exemplary embodiment, as well.
  • FIG. 4 the interactions and relationships (40) of a client system (43) with multiple application servers (41, 42) according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown, including an administration node agent (47) and a name server (46) .
  • the application servers (41, 42), administration node agent (47) and name server (46) are part of a domain (45) from which an application is provided to the client system (43) .
  • an IOR interceptor When objects are being exported to the name server, an IOR interceptor is invoked against every object. During this creation time in which an ORB creates the IORs, all of the IOR interceptors for every component which has one are invoked. The purpose of these IOR interceptors is to add tagged components to the IOR, which are additional information that allow the servers to export information about the services performed by the service. The information can then be read by clients needing to use the service. For a security service for example, the information placed in these tagged components may contain parameters including such information as an indication of the secure sockets layer (“SSL") port to which the server is listening, what type of SSL connection must be made with the server by the client, what security mechanisms are supported by the server, what types of information are needed from the client (e.g. user name, password, certificate, etc.), and what the realm of the server is so that the client can prompt the user with the server realm for log in purposes, etc. If security is disabled, no tagged components are added to the IOR.
  • SSL secure
  • an IOR interceptor When an IOR interceptor is loaded, the interceptor loads a file, such as a text file which contains class and package names of administrative objects which need to be secure even when other user objects are not secure on an application server. Administrative objects may be deemed by an administrator as needing to be secure always, regardless of whether user objects on an application server are secure or insecure.
  • Application Server 1 (41) provides user objects (400) and administrative objects (401) which are all secure.
  • Global security e.g. entire domain security
  • the IOR interceptor may load the list (e.g. text file) of classes and packages which are to be kept secure regardless of user object security status, and to determine if and what kind of tagged components are to be exported for each secured administrative object.
  • User objects are not members of this list of packages or classes to maintain as secure, and thus a declarative method is provided to an administrator to modify which classes remain secure within the domain. As such, user objects are not included in the list, and thus their IOR's do not receive tagged components; administrative objects are included in the list, and their IOR's receive tagged components if they are deemed as security sensitive.
  • a client object (405) requests use of object from a server where security is fully enabled such as Application Server 1 (41), all transactions (407) etween the client (43) and the objects (400, 401) are conducted securely.
  • the client object (405) receives the tags when it ' looks up (406) with the name server (46) the IOR's for the objects on application server, which indicate that all objects (400, 401) are secured and must be used (407) securely.
  • a authentication and authorization process may be securely employed (410) to provide security services, as indicated by the tags, such as a WebSphere authentication engine and authorization engine, as provided by an administrative node (47) and one or more administrative objects (402) .
  • the look up (406) action will result in no tags being received by the client process, and thus no security processes will be employed when interacting (408) insecurely with the user objects (403) .
  • communications and interactions (408) with these user objects (403) may be conducted anonymously (e.g. without authentication or identity information) and/or "in the clear", (e.g. without transport protection).
  • administrative objects (404) provided by Application Server 2 (42) are used, however, the look up action will result in receipt of the tags which will cause security functions from the administrative node to be invoked, such as the WebSphere authorization engine and authentication engine.
  • Application Server 2 successfully allows the user objects (403) to be used by the client without security and with inherent performance increases that implies (e.g. no authentication by the client required, no authorization by the server required, no credential creation and storing, etc.), while the administrative objects (404) are kept secure.
  • box arrows (wide arrows) with cross hatching indicate insecure communications or interactions (e.g. 408)
  • box arrows without cross hatching indicate secure communications or interactions (e.g. 407, 410, 411).
  • thin arrows e.g. 412, 413, 414, 415, 416) indicate operations exporting IORs for secure objects with tagged components
  • the heavier line with arrowhead e.g. 415) indicates a exporting of IORs for insecure objects without tagged components .
  • the client object when there is an insecure, unauthenticated request from a client for a user object, the client object will look up the IOR, receive the IOR, and the ORB will call one or more request interceptors, including a security request interceptor. Since no tagged components are included with the' IOR, it will make a TCP/IP request without authentication and without SSL. This allows the insecure user objects to be used without credentials, authentication or authorization. However, use of any administrative objects or secured user objects will trigger authentication and authorization processes, as well as use of secure communications (e.g. SSL) , even though these secured objects are in the same domain as the insecure user objects.
  • SSL secure communications
  • Figure 5 graphically depicts the previously described process (50) of exporting IOR's for shared objects with tagged components in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the administrative class descriptor file (500) is accessed or loaded (52), and for each shared object (53), an IOR interceptor is invoked (54) . If the object is in the administrative class (55) , either specified directly or as part of a specified package, then an IOR is exported (57) with security tags. If the object is not in the administrative class, then an IOR for that object is exported normally (56) without special security tags. This is repeated (58) for all objects which are shared and for which IOR's are to be exported.
  • Figure 6 graphically depicts the process (60) previously described for a client to request a shared object or service in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the IOR is looked up (61) for the needed service, and the received IOR is examined (62) for security tags. If (63) security such as authentication, authorization, and/or transport protection is required to use request and use the service, then the required actions are performed (65) to authenticate, authorize and/or establish a secure communications link to the application server.
  • the service/object is then used with security and transport protection (66) . Otherwise (63), the service is requested and used normally without security measures (64) .
  • a separate authorization engine for administrative objects is provided from the authorization engine for user objects.
  • the WebSphere administrative authorization engine provides a role-based authorization model or process.
  • any J2EE may be used for the user object security.
  • the system is enabled to separately define and manage the security of user objects and administrative objects with different authorization and authentication engines. This allows three security modes to be configured:
  • the client object (405) and user objects (400, 403) are Enterprise Java Beans (EJB's), and the administrative objects (401, 402, and 404) are Java Management MBeans.
  • EJB's Enterprise Java Beans
  • the administrative objects (401, 402, and 404) are Java Management MBeans.
  • Other suitable, object-oriented programming languages may be used alternatively.
  • the IOR has been used as a mechanism to carry object type information for an object instance, which may be realized in alternate object models and security protocols accordingly, such as providing object type information in a Web Services UDDI object registry.

Abstract

Objects on application servers may be defined into classes which receive different levels of security protection, such as definition of user objects and administrative objects. Domain-wide security may be enforced on administrative objects, which user object security may be configured separately for each application server in a domain. In a CORBA architecture, IOR's for shared objects which are to be secured on a domain-wide basis, such as administrative objects, are provided with tagged components during IOR creation and exporting to a name server. Later, when the IOR is used by a client, the client invokes necessary security measures such as authentication, authorization and transport protection according to the tagged components.

Description

APPLICATION SERVER OBJECT-LEVEL SECURITY FOR DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING DOMAINS
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the fields of application server security management systems and tools.
Background of the Art
Application servers are server programs executed by a computer or computing platform in a distributed network such as an intranet or the Internet, and which provide business logic for an application or service. Companies such as International Business Machines (IBM®) , Microsoft® Corporation and Sun Microsystems provide software suites for developing, managing, deploying, and running application servers on a wide variety of hardware platforms including, but not limited to, personal computers, network servers, mainframes, and workstations, targeted for a wide variety of operating systems including, but not limited to, UNIX®, Linux, IBM's AIX®, OS/2®, and OS/390®, Microsoft's Windows®, and Sun's Solaris. IBM provides a well-known and widely-used application server suite known as WebSphere® (IBM, AIX, OS/2 and OS/390 are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation; Microsoft and Windows are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both.; UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries . )
Application servers may be developed in high level languages ("H s") such as "C", portable languages such as Sun Microsystem's Java™, and combinations thereof . Portions of application logic may be embodied in Enterprise Java Beans ("EJB"), dynamic link libraries ("DLL"), program objects, applets, and servelets, depending upon the design methodology(ies) and language (s) used to develop the application server program. (Java and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both.)
Application servers typically cooperate with client computers and processes, such as web browsers and remote terminals, to interface to a user in order to perform a needed function or service. Common protocols for interacting with client computers and processes include, but are not limited to, hyper text transfer protocol ("HTTP"), transmission control protocol/Internet protocol ("TCP/IP"), secure sockets layer ("SSL"), and file transfer protocol ("FTP"). Client processes for cooperation with an application server may include, but are not limited to, stand-alone (e.g. browser independent) client programs, hypertext markup language ("HTML") resources, browser extensions and plug-ins, extensible markup language ("XML") resources, graphics and multimedia objects (e.g. TIFF, GIF, JPEG, AVI, etc.), Java server pages ("JSP"), active server pages ("ASP), personal home pages ("PHP"), Java modules, and Java Beans.
Application servers may interact with other system resources such as file systems and databases to read, store, create and copy data, as well. These system resources may be directly managed by an application server, such as a local cache, or may be accessible through and manage by other servers .
Application servers also often cooperate with security authorization and authentication servers to determine whether a user is who the user claims to be, and whether the user has permission or privileges to perform the actions requested, access the resources or data needed, etc.
Protocols for communications between application servers and such authorization and authentication processes, as well as with other system resources, may include any of the protocols previously listed for client communications, and often include other protocols defined by proprietary specifications as well as "open" standards such as Java Version 2 Enterprise Edition ("J2EE") interface and communications models and Common Object Broker Request Architecture ("CORBA").
Several implementations of CORBA are available in the industry, including IBM's SOM an DSOM architectures, Netscape Corporation's Open Network Environment ("ONE"), Sun Microsystem's RMI, and Microsoft's COM and DCOM architectures. These architectures allow client application program objects to "discover" the existence of other program objects which may be useful or needed for completion of a task or service. An Object Request Broker- ("ORB") is a component of such an architecture to which clients can send requests for particular functions. The ORB then forwards these requests to appropriate servers of which the ORB is aware and which can handle the function needed by the client. The client and server (s) then interact to determine appropriate interfaces to use so that the client may use the program objects provided by the server. Of particular use in the CORBA architecture is the definition of Interoperable Object References ("IOR"). IOR's provide object references which are independent of platform on which the objects reside, and which are independent of ORB implementation.
As these types of applications which distributed objects have become more and more complex, a number of application management systems have been brought to market. Application management includes control and monitoring of an application from its installation and configuration, through its useful lifecycle including collection of metrics and tuning to maximize efficiency and responsiveness. The model adopted by application management systems is often a manager-agent model. The application is responsible for providing certain information to the management system, responding to requests for information actions from an agent of the management system, and communicating with an management system agent . The management system agent typically executes on the same hardware platform as the application which is being managed.
The management system communicates to one or more agents which are themselves in touch with the applications being managed. The management system may communicate with its agents using a proprietary protocol, or may use an "open" protocol such as Simple Network Management Protocol ("SNMP") or Java Management Extensions ("JMX"). Some example management systems available on the market are Tivoli ' s Management Environment and IBM's WebSphere administration application.
Turning to Figure 3 , one embodiment of such a management system is shown using JMX Management Beans, or MBeans . MBeans are objects which are accessible via the standard JMX interfaces, and which provide developers with abilities to expose application-specific management interfaces. The JMX MBeanServer (33) runs the Application Server MBean (34) , which is responsible for exposing interfaces of the application server (31) to the management application (37). Likewise, the JMX MBean Server (33) also runs the Application MBean (35) , which exposes the application-specific management interfaces for the application (32) to the management application (37) . The MBeanServer (33) also provides any adapters (36) necessary to bridge one or more management systems to the application so that the administration facilities of the application managers can be used in conjunction with the application.
In current versions of the IBM WebSphere Application Server product, an administrative server is the central point of contact where all administrative requests are directed. Securing this administrative server only required configuring application servers as secure clients, but the applications servers did not have to be configured as secure servers . As no user objects are allowed on the administrative server, and no administrative objects were allowed on the application servers, this approach met the needs in the art for some time.
However, as applications have evolved to include administrative functions and to use administrative objects on the application server, object level security (instead of server level security) is needed but not supported by legacy architectures. In some systems, all application processes include administrative resources which need to be protected, even though user resources may or may not need to be protected. Under present security schemes which are server-level security schemes, administrative object security would be disabled if user object security is disabled. For user objects and resources which really do not need to be secure, this enforces a performance penalty unnecessarily and undesirably by requiring authentication and authorization processes to be applied to these user objects. If the system is configured to disable security which by default includes disabling administrative resource security, the system is unnecessarily and undesirably exposed to security breach via the administrative functions .
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
Accordingly, the invention provides a method in a distributed computing domain comprising: distributing administrative objects and user objects to one or more application servers; defining a global security flag for domain level security of administrative objects; associating one or more application server security flags with interfaces to said distributed administrative objects; and performing one or more security operations by an application server in cooperation with a client process in one of three modes, in which first mode user objects and administrative objects are protected if said global security flag and said associated application server security flags are enabled, in said second mode user objects are used without security operations but administrative objects are protected wherein said global security flag is enabled and said associated application server flag is disabled, and in said third mode user objects and administrative objects are used without security operations wherein said global security flag is disabled. A system and method are preferably provided which allow for object-level security configuration for application servers which contain user objects and administrative objects.
Processes and mechanisms are preferably provided which allow security for administrative objects and naming objects to be separately and declaratively enabled and disabled apart from security enablement for user object security on an application server-by-server basis within a security domain. This preferably provides the ability to disable user security while maintaining administrative security in the same process, especially within an application environment based upon the IBM WebSphere Application Server product.
Customers (e.g. application server owners and operators) may preferably selectively disable user object security on some application servers within a security domain, while maintaining security of user objects on other applications servers, and while preferably having global administrative object security throughout the security domain. Administrative functions such as administrative security, internal system management, etc . , can therefore preferably be managed separately from user security.
Using the processes and mechanisms disclosed herein, the client process (es) are preferably unaware of whether an application object is a user object or an administrative object, but is preferably only aware of each object's requirement to perform security functions or not. Additionally, the present invention preferably allows for declarative definition of which objects are to be protected by class and package.
In general, to achieve object-level security configurability of an application server, a CORBA architecture is preferably adopted in which the ORB exports IOR's to the name server for shared objects. IOR's for objects which are to be secured such as administrative objects are preferably provided with tagged components which indicate security details for use of that service. IOR's for insecure objects such as user objects are preferably exported without tagged components . An IOR interceptor is preferably invoked when any given object is exported. The IOR interceptor preferably loads a descriptor file listing all of the administrative objects or administrative packages which need to be protected. This preferably allows specification of a single object, list of individual objects, or package of objects to be protected when global security is enabled within the security domain. For objects in this descriptor file, IOR's are preferably exported having security tagged components. Later, when a client picks up a tagged IOR, the client is preferably made aware of the security requirements to invoke a request for that service, if no tags are provided in the IOR, then the service can preferably be requested without security measures. Preferably for these insecure objects, the client will not send any user security information to the application server, nor will it protect the transport to the application server, which results in a performance improvement for those user objects and avoids unnecessarily protecting user objects.
Generally, two types of flags are preferably utilized to configure object-level security in a domain: (a) a global (domain-wide administrative security) security flag, and (b) one or more application server security flags. While the former is preferably maintained at the domain level, the latter are preferably specific to each application sever. The global security flag preferably determines whether or not all administrative objects are secured • throughout the domain. These administrative objects are preferably also listed in the aforementioned descriptor file. Each application server security flag preferably enables or disables security for user objects on the application server to which it pertains only, but does not affect security of the administrative objects on that server.
Preferably security operations are performed by providing separate security operations for administrative objects and user objects.
Preferably it is possible to associate application server security flags with administrative object interfaces by selecting an action from the group of exporting a CORBA IOR with tagged components for user objects on application servers where application server user object security is enabled, and providing an object type in an UDDI registry for user objects on application servers where application server user object security is enabled.
Preferably it is possible to access a declarative list of objects to be protected.
Preferably an application server (eg a WebSphere application server) is provided. Preferably a client process is provided as an Enterprise Java Bean.
Preferably user objects are provided as Enterprise Java Beans.
Preferably administrative objects are provided as MBeans.
Preferably security operations selected from the list of authentication, authorization and transport protection are performed.
Preferably a security protocol selected from the group of Simple Object Access Protocol and Inter-ORB Protocol is employed.
Preferably a service description model selected from the group of IDL and Web Services Definition Language with Web Service Endpoint Language and Interface Definition Language is employed.
According to another aspect, the invention provides a computer program for use in a distributed computing domain, said computer program comprising program code means adapted to perform the following steps when the program is run on a computer: distributing administrative objects and user objects to one or more application servers; defining a global security flag for domain level security of administrative objects; associating one or more application server security flags with interfaces to said distributed administrative objects; and performing one or more security operations by an application server in cooperation with a client process in one of three modes, in which first mode user objects and administrative objects are protected if said global security flag and said associated application server security flags are enabled, in said second mode user objects are used without security operations but administrative objects are protected wherein said global security flag is enabled and said associated application server flag is disabled, and in said third mode user objects and administrative objects are used without security operations wherein said global security flag is disabled.
Preferably there is an Enterprise Java Bean client process.
Preferably there is an Enterprise Java Beans user object.
Preferably there is an MBean administrative object.
According to another aspect, there is provided an object-level security system in a distributed computing domain comprising: one or more administrative objects and one or more user objects distributed among one or more application servers; a global security flag defining security of said administrative objects within a networked computing domain level; one or more application server security flags associated with interfaces to said distributed administrative objects; and one or more security operations performable by an application server in cooperation with a client process in one of three modes, in which first mode user objects and administrative objects are protected if said global security flag and said associated application server security flags are enabled, in said second mode user objects are used without security operations but administrative objects are protected wherein said global security flag is enabled and said associated application server flag is disabled, and in said third mode user objects and administrative objects are used without security operations wherein said global security flag is disabled.
Preferably the security operation comprises separate security operations for administrative objects and user objects.
Preferably the application server security flags associated with administrative object interfaces comprises object type indicators selected from the group of a CORBA IOR with tagged components for user objects on application servers where application server user object security is enabled, and an object type in an UDDI registry for user objects on application servers where application server user object security is enabled.
Preferably there is a declarative list of objects to be protected for determining which IOR or UDDI registry entries are to be modified to enable user object security.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, and with reference to the following drawings :
Figure 1 depicts a generalized computing platform architecture, such as a personal computer, server computer, personal digital assistant, web-enabled wireless telephone, or other processor-based device.
Figure 2 shows a generalized organization of software and firmware associated with the generalized architecture of Figure 1. Figure 3 illustrates a typical arrangement of a management system and application.
Figure 4 sets forth the process and interactions of the present invention in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 5 graphically depicts the process of exporting IOR's for shared objects with tagged components in the HOP model implementation in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 6 graphically depicts the process for a client to request a shared object or service in the HOP model implementation in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The invention is preferably realized as a feature, extension, or improvement of the enterprise server software already found present on well-known computing platforms such as personal computers, web servers, and web browsers . These common computing platforms can include personal computers, work stations, and mainframes, and conceivably suitably capable portable computing platforms, such as personal digital assistants ("PDA"), web-enabled wireless telephones, and other types of personal information management ( "PIM" ) devices .
Therefore, it is useful to review a generalized architecture of a computing platform which may span the range of implementation, from a high-end web or enterprise server platform, to a personal computer, to a portable PDA or web-enabled wireless phone.
Turning to Figure 1, a generalized architecture is presented including a central processing unit (1) ("CPU"), which is typically comprised of a microprocessor (2) associated with random access memory ("RAM") (4) and read-only memory ("ROM") (5). Often, the CPU (1) is also provided with cache memory (3) and programmable FlashROM (6) . The interface (7) between the microprocessor (2) and the various types of CPU memory is often referred to as a "local bus", but also may be a more generic or industry standard bus .
Many computing platforms are also provided with one or more storage drives (9), such as a hard-disk drives ("HDD"), floppy disk drives, compact disc drives (CD, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, DVD-R, etc.), and proprietary disk and tape drives (e.g., Iomega Zip and Jaz, Addonics SuperDisk, etc.). Additionally, some storage drives may be accessible over a computer network.
Many computing platforms are provided with one or more communication interfaces (10) , according to the function intended of the computing platform. For example, a personal computer is often provided with a high speed serial port (RS-232, RS-422, etc.), an enhanced parallel port ("ΞPP"), and one or more universal serial bus ("USB") ports. The computing platform may also be provided with a local area network ("LAN") interface, such as an Ethernet card, and other high-speed interfaces such as the High Performance Serial Bus IEEE-1394.
Computing platforms such as wireless telephones and wireless networked PDA's may also be provided with a radio frequency ("RF") interface with antenna, as well. In some cases, the computing platform may be provided with an infrared data arrangement (IrDA) interface, too.
Computing platforms are often equipped with one or more internal expansion slots (11) , such as Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) , Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) , Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), or proprietary interface slots for the addition of other hardware, such as sound cards, memory boards, and graphics accelerators .
Additionally, many units, such as laptop computers and PDA's, are provided with one or more external expansion slots (12) allowing the user the ability to easily install and remove hardware expansion devices, such as PCMCIA cards, SmartMedia cards, and various proprietary modules such as removable hard drives, CD drives, and floppy drives.
Often, the storage drives (9) , communication interfaces (10) , internal expansion slots (11) and external expansion slots (12) are interconnected with the CPU (1) via a standard or industry open bus architecture (8), such as ISA, EISA, or PCI. In many cases, the bus (8) may be of a proprietary design.
A computing platform is usually provided with one or more user input devices,- such as a keyboard or a keypad (16) , and mouse or pointer device (17) , and/or a touch-screen display (18) . In the case of a personal computer, a full size keyboard is often provided along with a mouse or pointer device, such as a track ball or TrackPoint. In the case of a web-enabled wireless telephone, a simple keypad may be provided with one or more function-specific keys. In the case of a PDA, a touch-screen (18) is usually provided, often with handwriting recognition capabilities.
Additionally, a microphone (19) , such as the microphone of a web-enabled wireless telephone or the microphone of a personal computer, is supplied with the computing platform. This microphone may be used for simply reporting audio and voice signals, and it may also be used for entering user choices, such as voice navigation of web sites or auto-dialing telephone numbers, using voice recognition capabilities.
Many computing platforms are also equipped with a camera device (100) , such as a still digital camera or full motion video digital camera.
One or more user output devices, such as a display (13) , are also provided with most computing platforms. The display (13) may take many forms, including a Cathode Ray Tube ("CRT"), a Thin Flat Transistor ("TFT") array, or a simple set of light emitting diodes ("LED") or liquid crystal display ("LCD") indicators.
One or more speakers (14) and/or annunciators (15) are often associated with computing platforms, too. The speakers (14) may be used to reproduce audio and music, such as the speaker of a wireless telephone or the speakers of a personal computer. Annunciators (15) may take the form of simple beep emitters or buzzers, commonly found on certain devices such as PDAs and PIMs.
These user input and output devices may be directly interconnected (8', 8' ') to the CPU (1) via a proprietary bus structure and/or interfaces, or they may be interconnected through one or more industry open buses such as ISA, EISA, PCI, etc. • [0043] The computing platform is also provided with one or more software and firmware (101) programs to implement the desired functionality of the computing platforms.
Turning to now Figure 2 , more detail is given of a generalized organization of software and firmware (101) on this range of computing platforms. One. or more operating system ("OS") native application programs (23) may be provided on the computing platform, such as word processors, spreadsheets, contact management utilities, address book, calendar, email client, presentation, financial and bookkeeping programs. Additionally, one or more "portable" or device-independent programs (24) may be provided, which must be interpreted by an OS-native platform-specific interpreter (25), such as Java scripts and programs.
Often, computing platforms are also provided with a form of web browser or micro-browser (26), which may also include one or more extensions to the browser such as browser plug-ins (27) .
The computing device is often provided with an operating system (20), such as Microsoft Windows, UNIX, IBM OS/2, LINUX, MAC OS or other platform specific operating systems. Smaller devices such as PDA's and wireless telephones may be equipped with other forms of operating systems such as real-time operating systems ("RTOS") or Palm Computing's PalmOS.
A set of basic input and output functions ("BIOS") and hardware device drivers (21) are often provided to allow the operating system (20) and programs to interface to and control the specific hardware functions provided with the computing platform.
Additionally, one or more embedded firmware programs (22) are commonly provided with many computing platforms, which are executed by onboard or "embedded" microprocessors as part of the peripheral device, such as a micro controller or a hard drive, a communication processor, network interface card, or sound or graphics card.
As such, Figures 1 and 2 describe in a general sense the various hardware components, software and firmware programs of a wide variety of computing platforms, including but not limited to personal computers, PDAs, PIMs, web-enabled telephones, and other appliances such as WebTV [TM] units . The present invention is preferably implemented as software and firmware on such a computing platform. It will be readily recognized by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be alternatively realized as hardware functions .
In one possible embodiment, the invention is realized as a collection or set of Java Beans which access and modify certain system files and resources as described in more detail in the following paragraphs, but the invention may be integrated into existing software such as web server suites .
In an exemplary embodiment, a CORBA architecture is employed in which objects are defined with the OMG Interface Definition Language ("IDL"), objects are distributed among servers and clients, and an Object Request Broker ("ORB") is used to coordinate discovery of and use of available objects and services. IDL compilers implement CORBA bindings, and generate client stubs and server skeletons which map each object's services from the server environment to the client. Communication protocols between clients and servers and between servers themselves is the General Inter-ORB Protocol ("G OP"), and Inter-ORB Protocol ("HOP") which implements GIOP over the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol ("TCP/IP"). Interoperable Object references ("IOR") provide platform-independent and ORB-implementation-independent object references.
A naming service is provided within the CORBA architecture which binds each CORBA object to a public name.
Further in this exemplary embodiment, an Enterprise Java Bean ("EJB") programming model is employed in which object interfaces and server implementation conform to Java definitions, objects are distributed such that they can be remotely accessed, and Java communications protocols are used including Remote Method Invocation ("RMI"). As this exemplary embodiment is implemented using the IBM WebSphere Application Server product running under the AIX or Linux operating system on an IBM enterprise server. As current versions of WebSphere only support RMI-IIOP, clients should preferably not use the RMI-JRMP format of Java RMI protocol . In other embodiments using other web application environments, this restriction may not be necessary. The Java Naming Service ("JNDI") is employed for the naming service in this exemplary embodiment, as well.
While the general CORBA and EJB concepts, protocols, programming methodologies, and functions are well known in the art generally, and while the WebSphere product is in widespread use and well known itself, it will be recognized by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be realized with other programming methodologies, protocols, computing platforms, operating systems architectures, and web application server products without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, some application servers which could potentially be used to realize the invention include Oracle's -9i product, BEA Systems WebLogic platform, Sun Microsystem's ONE application server, Hewlett-Packard's application server, and JBoss. As for operating systems, Unix, Linux, Novell's Netware, IBM's AIX and-OS/2, Sun Microsystem's Solaris, Hewlett-Packard's HP-UX, and Microsoft's Windows products may also be alternatively employed in alternate embodiments . Turning now to Figure 4, the interactions and relationships (40) of a client system (43) with multiple application servers (41, 42) according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown, including an administration node agent (47) and a name server (46) . The application servers (41, 42), administration node agent (47) and name server (46) are part of a domain (45) from which an application is provided to the client system (43) .
As applications are started up, certain initialization procedures occur where an IOR interceptor is loaded, and references to shared objects are exported (412, 413, 414, 415, 416) from each application server (41, 42) to a name server (46) so that the shared objects may be found by a client (43) .
When objects are being exported to the name server, an IOR interceptor is invoked against every object. During this creation time in which an ORB creates the IORs, all of the IOR interceptors for every component which has one are invoked. The purpose of these IOR interceptors is to add tagged components to the IOR, which are additional information that allow the servers to export information about the services performed by the service. The information can then be read by clients needing to use the service. For a security service for example, the information placed in these tagged components may contain parameters including such information as an indication of the secure sockets layer ("SSL") port to which the server is listening, what type of SSL connection must be made with the server by the client, what security mechanisms are supported by the server, what types of information are needed from the client (e.g. user name, password, certificate, etc.), and what the realm of the server is so that the client can prompt the user with the server realm for log in purposes, etc. If security is disabled, no tagged components are added to the IOR.
When an IOR interceptor is loaded, the interceptor loads a file, such as a text file which contains class and package names of administrative objects which need to be secure even when other user objects are not secure on an application server. Administrative objects may be deemed by an administrator as needing to be secure always, regardless of whether user objects on an application server are secure or insecure. For example, in this figure, Application Server 1 (41) provides user objects (400) and administrative objects (401) which are all secure.
So, secure IOR's are exported (412, 413) to the name server (46). However, Application Server 2 (42) provides user objects (403) which do not need to be secure, so insecure IOR's for these objects (403) are exported to the name server (46) , while secure IORs are exported (416) for the secure administrative objects (404) on the same server (42) .
This allows a customer to disable security on a server by server basis, without compromising administrative security. Global security (e.g. entire domain security) should preferably still be enabled when an administrator is manipulating application server security. With security for a particular application server disabled and global security enabled, the IOR interceptor may load the list (e.g. text file) of classes and packages which are to be kept secure regardless of user object security status, and to determine if and what kind of tagged components are to be exported for each secured administrative object. User objects are not members of this list of packages or classes to maintain as secure, and thus a declarative method is provided to an administrator to modify which classes remain secure within the domain. As such, user objects are not included in the list, and thus their IOR's do not receive tagged components; administrative objects are included in the list, and their IOR's receive tagged components if they are deemed as security sensitive.
All objects, whether user objects or administrative objects, are added to the name space handled by the name server (46) . This creates a class-based object security scheme which is declaratively configurable.
Using this arrangement and process, when a client object (405) requests use of object from a server where security is fully enabled such as Application Server 1 (41), all transactions (407) etween the client (43) and the objects (400, 401) are conducted securely. The client object (405) receives the tags when it' looks up (406) with the name server (46) the IOR's for the objects on application server, which indicate that all objects (400, 401) are secured and must be used (407) securely. A authentication and authorization process may be securely employed (410) to provide security services, as indicated by the tags, such as a WebSphere authentication engine and authorization engine, as provided by an administrative node (47) and one or more administrative objects (402) .
When a client process attempts to use an user object (403) provided by Application Server 2 (42) where Application Server 2 has user object security disabled, the look up (406) action will result in no tags being received by the client process, and thus no security processes will be employed when interacting (408) insecurely with the user objects (403) . Thus, communications and interactions (408) with these user objects (403) may be conducted anonymously (e.g. without authentication or identity information) and/or "in the clear", (e.g. without transport protection). When administrative objects (404) provided by Application Server 2 (42) are used, however, the look up action will result in receipt of the tags which will cause security functions from the administrative node to be invoked, such as the WebSphere authorization engine and authentication engine. Thus, Application Server 2 successfully allows the user objects (403) to be used by the client without security and with inherent performance increases that implies (e.g. no authentication by the client required, no authorization by the server required, no credential creation and storing, etc.), while the administrative objects (404) are kept secure.
For ease of understanding in Figure 4, box arrows (wide arrows) with cross hatching indicate insecure communications or interactions (e.g. 408) , while box arrows without cross hatching indicate secure communications or interactions (e.g. 407, 410, 411). Likewise, thin arrows (e.g. 412, 413, 414, 415, 416) indicate operations exporting IORs for secure objects with tagged components, while the heavier line with arrowhead (e.g. 415) indicates a exporting of IORs for insecure objects without tagged components .
To summarize and review this new process, after IORs have been appropriately created with or without tagged components, when there is an insecure, unauthenticated request from a client for a user object, the client object will look up the IOR, receive the IOR, and the ORB will call one or more request interceptors, including a security request interceptor. Since no tagged components are included with the' IOR, it will make a TCP/IP request without authentication and without SSL. This allows the insecure user objects to be used without credentials, authentication or authorization. However, use of any administrative objects or secured user objects will trigger authentication and authorization processes, as well as use of secure communications (e.g. SSL) , even though these secured objects are in the same domain as the insecure user objects.
Figure 5 graphically depicts the previously described process (50) of exporting IOR's for shared objects with tagged components in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Upon server or application startup (51) , the administrative class descriptor file (500) is accessed or loaded (52), and for each shared object (53), an IOR interceptor is invoked (54) . If the object is in the administrative class (55) , either specified directly or as part of a specified package, then an IOR is exported (57) with security tags. If the object is not in the administrative class, then an IOR for that object is exported normally (56) without special security tags. This is repeated (58) for all objects which are shared and for which IOR's are to be exported.
Figure 6 graphically depicts the process (60) previously described for a client to request a shared object or service in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The IOR is looked up (61) for the needed service, and the received IOR is examined (62) for security tags. If (63) security such as authentication, authorization, and/or transport protection is required to use request and use the service, then the required actions are performed (65) to authenticate, authorize and/or establish a secure communications link to the application server. The service/object is then used with security and transport protection (66) . Otherwise (63), the service is requested and used normally without security measures (64) .
Further, according to this exemplary embodiment using the WebSphere platform, a separate authorization engine for administrative objects is provided from the authorization engine for user objects. The WebSphere administrative authorization engine provides a role-based authorization model or process. By having a separate authorization engine for the user objects, any J2EE may be used for the user object security. Because of the unique usage of our separate user object security flags and administrative object flags (e.g.. global security flag), the system is enabled to separately define and manage the security of user objects and administrative objects with different authorization and authentication engines. This allows three security modes to be configured:
(a) when application server security is enabled and global security is enabled, all objects (user and administrative) are secured on a given server within a domain;
(b) when application server security is disabled and global security is enabled, only user objects are insecure and administrative objects are maintained secure on a particular server; and
(c) when global security is disabled, all objects (user objects and administrative objects) are insecure for all servers within a domain.
In the embodiment of Figure 4 when using WebSphere and CORBA, the client object (405) and user objects (400, 403) are Enterprise Java Beans (EJB's), and the administrative objects (401, 402, and 404) are Java Management MBeans. Other suitable, object-oriented programming languages may be used alternatively.
Whilst the present disclosure has presented an embodiment and details thereof using CORBA, HOP, and IOR to describe the object level security processes and mechanisms . The invention can preferably be applied to other security protocols and object models, as well, including but not limited to WebService security. In a WebService Security model, message passing and method invocation is carried by Simple Object Access Protocol ("SOAP") messages instead of the HOP security protocol, and services are described using Web Services Definition Language ("WSDL") and Web Service Endpoint Language ("WSEL") instead of IDL. Correspondingly, Universal Description, Discovery and Integration ("UDDI") is used in the Web Services model in place of CORBA' s CosNaming, the latter providing API for looking up an IOR, while the former provides an API for looking up a BusinessEntry and Web Service entry. So, in the illustrative embodiment disclosed herein, the IOR has been used as a mechanism to carry object type information for an object instance, which may be realized in alternate object models and security protocols accordingly, such as providing object type information in a Web Services UDDI object registry.

Claims

1. A method in a distributed computing domain comprising:
distributing administrative objects and user objects to one or more application servers;
defining a global security flag for domain level security of administrative objects;
associating one or more application server security flags with interfaces to said distributed administrative objects; and
performing one or more security operations by an application server in cooperation with a client process in one of three modes, in which first mode user objects and administrative objects are protected if said global security flag and said associated application server security flags are enabled, in said second mode user objects are used without security operations but administrative objects are protected wherein said global security flag is enabled and said associated application server flag is disabled, and in said third mode user objects and administrative objects are used without security operations wherein said global security flag is disabled.
2. The method as set forth in Claim 1 wherein said step of performing security operations comprises providing separate security operations for administrative objects and user objects.
3. The method as set forth in Claim 1 wherein said step of associating application server security flags with administrative object interfaces comprises an action selected from the group of exporting a CORBA IOR with tagged components for user objects on application servers where application server user object security is enabled, and providing an object type in an UDDI registry for user objects on application servers where application server user object security is enabled.
4. The method as set forth in Claim 3 further comprising accessing a declarative list of objects to be protected.
5. The method as set forth in Claim 1 comprising providing an application server.
6. The method as set forth in Claim 1 comprising providing a client process as an Enterprise Java Bean.
. The method as set forth in Claim 1 comprising providing one or more Enterprise Java Bean user objects.
8. The method as set forth in Claim 1 comprising providing one or more MBean administrative objects.
9. The method as set forth in Claim 1 comprising performing security operations selected from the list of authentication, authorization and transport protection.
10. The method as set forth in Claim 1 comprising employing a security protocol selected from the group of Simple Object Access Protocol and Inter-ORB Protocol .
11. The method as set forth in Claim 1 comprising employing a service description model selected from the group of IDL and Web Services Definition Language with Web Service Endpoint Language and Interface Definition Language.
12. A computer program for use in a distributed computing domain, said computer program comprising program code means adapted to perform the following steps when the program is run on a computer:
distributing administrative objects and user objects to one or more application servers;
defining a global security flag for domain level security of administrative objects; associating one or more application server security flags with interfaces to said distributed administrative objects; and
performing one or more security operations by an application server in cooperation with a client process in one of three modes, in which first mode user objects and administrative objects are protected if said global security flag and said associated application server security flags are enabled, in said second mode user objects are used without security operations but administrative objects are protected wherein said global security flag is enabled and said associated application server flag is disabled, and in said third mode user objects and administrative objects are used without security operations wherein said global security flag is disabled.
13. An object-level security system in a distributed computing domain comprising:
one or more administrative objects and one or more user objects distributed among one or more application servers;
a global security flag defining security of said administrative objects within a networked computing domain level;
one or more application server security flags associated with interfaces to said distributed administrative objects; and
one or more security operations performable by an application server in cooperation with a client process in one of three modes, in which first mode user objects and administrative objects are protected if said global security flag and said associated application server security flags are enabled, in said second mode user objects are used without security operations but administrative objects are protected wherein said global security flag is enabled and said associated application server flag is disabled, and in said third mode user objects and administrative objects are used without security operations wherein said global security flag is disabled.
14. The system as set forth in Claim 13 wherein said security operation comprises separate security operations for administrative objects and user objects.
15. The system as set forth in Claim 14 wherein said application server security flags associated with administrative object interfaces comprises object type indicators selected from the group of a CORBA IOR with tagged components for user objects on application servers where application server user object security is enabled, and an object type in an UDDI registry for user objects on application servers where application server user object security is enabled.
16. The system as set forth in Claim 15 further comprising a declarative list of objects to be protected for determining which IOR or UDDI registry entries are to be modified to enable user object security.
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AT03750943T ATE441150T1 (en) 2002-09-19 2003-09-19 RESTRICTION OF ACCESS TO OBJECTS FOR APPLICATION SERVERS IN DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS
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US20040059940A1 (en) 2004-03-25
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