WO2004036191B1 - Machine fluid sensor and method - Google Patents

Machine fluid sensor and method

Info

Publication number
WO2004036191B1
WO2004036191B1 PCT/US2003/032982 US0332982W WO2004036191B1 WO 2004036191 B1 WO2004036191 B1 WO 2004036191B1 US 0332982 W US0332982 W US 0332982W WO 2004036191 B1 WO2004036191 B1 WO 2004036191B1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
resonator
fluid
sensor
response
monitoring
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2003/032982
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2004036191A1 (en
Inventor
Leonid Matsiev
James Bennett
Daniel M Pinkas
Mikhail Spitkovsky
Oleg Kolosov
Shenheng Guan
Original Assignee
Symyx Technologies Inc
Leonid Matsiev
James Bennett
Daniel M Pinkas
Mikhail Spitkovsky
Oleg Kolosov
Shenheng Guan
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Symyx Technologies Inc, Leonid Matsiev, James Bennett, Daniel M Pinkas, Mikhail Spitkovsky, Oleg Kolosov, Shenheng Guan filed Critical Symyx Technologies Inc
Priority to EP03809124A priority Critical patent/EP1552273A1/en
Priority to CA002499298A priority patent/CA2499298A1/en
Priority to AU2003277429A priority patent/AU2003277429A1/en
Publication of WO2004036191A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004036191A1/en
Publication of WO2004036191B1 publication Critical patent/WO2004036191B1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
    • G01F23/296—Acoustic waves
    • G01F23/2966—Acoustic waves making use of acoustical resonance or standing waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
    • G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
    • G01N11/16—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by measuring damping effect upon oscillatory body
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
    • G01N29/022—Fluid sensors based on microsensors, e.g. quartz crystal-microbalance [QCM], surface acoustic wave [SAW] devices, tuning forks, cantilevers, flexural plate wave [FPW] devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
    • G01N29/036—Analysing fluids by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/30—Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/34—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/348—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor with frequency characteristics, e.g. single frequency signals, chirp signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
    • G01N9/002—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity using variation of the resonant frequency of an element vibrating in contact with the material submitted to analysis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
    • F02D2200/0611—Fuel type, fuel composition or fuel quality
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
    • F02D2250/11—Oil dilution, i.e. prevention thereof or special controls according thereto
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
    • G01N2291/014—Resonance or resonant frequency
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/022—Liquids
    • G01N2291/0226—Oils, e.g. engine oils
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/024—Mixtures
    • G01N2291/02416—Solids in liquids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/02818—Density, viscosity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/02836—Flow rate, liquid level
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/042—Wave modes
    • G01N2291/0422—Shear waves, transverse waves, horizontally polarised waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/042—Wave modes
    • G01N2291/0423—Surface waves, e.g. Rayleigh waves, Love waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/042—Wave modes
    • G01N2291/0426—Bulk waves, e.g. quartz crystal microbalance, torsional waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/042—Wave modes
    • G01N2291/0427—Flexural waves, plate waves, e.g. Lamb waves, tuning fork, cantilever

Abstract

A method for analyzing a fluid contained within a machine, comprising the steps of providing a machine system (100) including a passage (104) for containing a fluid; placing a sensor (106) including a mechanical resonator in the passage; operating the resonator to have a portion thereof translate through the fluid; and monitoring the response of the resonator to the fluid in the passage. One specific sensor includes a tuning fork resonator.

Claims

AMENDED CLAIMS[Received by the International Bureau on 18 May 2004 (18.05.04): Original claims 1- 66 replaced by amended claims 1-70]
1. A method for analyzing a fluid contained within a vehicle, comprising the steps of: a) exposing the fluid in a passage for containing the fluid in the vehicle to a sensor including a mechanical resonator configured for movement of a body through a fluid, the exposed resonator being formed integrally with or attached to a surface mountable substrate having circuitry thereon; b) operating the resonator at a frequency of less than 1 MHz to have a portion thereof translate through the fluid; and c) monitoring the response of the resonator to the fluid, the response of the resonator being indicative of a property selected from viscosity, density, conductivity, or dielectric constant of the fluid.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the monitoring step includes monitoring the change of frequency of the mechanical resonator while maintaining the input signal to the resonator as a constant.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the monitoring step includes monitoring the change in electrical feedback from the resonator while maintaining a constant frequency.
4. The method of any of claims 1 through 3, wherein said input signal is a variable frequency input signal.
33
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the monitoring step includes varying the frequency of a variable frequency input signal over a predetermined frequency range to obtain a frequency-dependent resonator response of the mechanical resonator.
6. The method of any of claims 1 through 5, wherein the resonator is a tuning fork resonator,
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the resonator is located in a temperature controlled region.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said resonator is selected from the group consisting of selected from tuning forks, cantilevers, bimαrphs, and unimorphs.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein said sensor is a mechanical transducer operated in a non-resonant mode wherein at least a portion of the mechanical transducer Is translated through said fluid allowing the response to be related to mechanical impedance.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the response is at least related to the viscosity of the fluid.
11. The method of any of claims 1 through 10, wherein the vehicle is an automotive vehicle and the passage is part of a circulating or reservoir fluid system.
12. The method of any of claims 1 through 11, wherein the fluid is an engine oil.
13. The method of claims 11 or 12, further comprising outputting a
34 signal upon detection by the sensor of the absence of the fluid.
14. The method of claims 11 or 12, further comprising outputting a signal upon detection by the sensor of a contaminant.
15. The method of claims 11 or 12, further comprising outputting a signal upon detection by the sensor of a temperature of the fluid.
16- The method of claim 14, further comprising determining viscosity as a function of temperature.
17. The method of claim any of claims 1 through 16, wherein the response of the resonator is indicative of a property selected from viscosity, density, conductivity or dielectric constant of the fluid.
18. The method of claims 11 or 12, wherein the monitoring step occurs at a temperature below -40° C.
19. The method of claims 11 or 12, wherein the monitoring step occurs at a temperature above 125° C.
20. The method of any of claims 1 through 19, wherein the response is compared against a known reference value for the fluid.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the reference value is obtained by determining the value of the fluid substantially contemporaneously with the initial introduction of the fluid in the passage.
22. The method of claims 11 or 12, further comprising outputting a signal to an on board diagnostic device equipped in the vehicle.
23. The method of claims 1 or 12, further comprising outputting a signal to a telemetry device external of the vehicle.
24. The method of claims 11 or 12, further comprising outputting a signal to an engine control unit.
25. The method of claim 24, further comprising varying a function of an automotive vehicle engine in response to the signal to the engine control unit.
26. The method of claims 11 or 12, wherein the resonator operates substantially free of generation of acoustic waves in the oil.
27. The method of any of claims 1 through 26, wherein the resonator includes a coating layer over at least a portion of its outer surface.
28. The method of claims 11 or 12, wherein the resonator is a tuning fork that is located in a temperature controlled region.
29. The method of claims 11 or 12, wherein said sensor is a mechanical transducer operated in a non-resonant mode wherein at least a portion of the mechanical transducer is translated through said fluid while allowing the response to be related to mechanical impedance,
30. The method of any of claim 1 through 29, wherein the input signal is a varying frequency input signal.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein the resonator is a tuning fork resonator that operates substantially free of generation of acoustic waves in the fluid.
32. The method of claim 31, wherein the tuning fork resonator includes
36 a coating layer over at least a portion of its outer surface.
33. The method of any of claims 1 through 29, wherein the signal is a result of a voltage spike, since wave burst, mechanical shock, pressure impulse or a combination thereof.
34. The method of claim 27, wherein the coating layer is formed of PTFE.
35. The method of claim 27, wherein the coating layer includes multiple layers.
36. The method of claim 27, wherein the coating layer is made from a ceramic material.
37. The method of claim 30, wherein the monitoring step is performed continuously during operation of an automotive vehicle engine.
38. The method of claims 11 or 12, wherein the monitoring step is performed intermittently during operation of an automotive vehicle engine.
39. The method of claims 11 or 12, wherein the sensor is located in an engine oil pan.
40. The method of claim 6, further comprising a second tuning fork resonator.
41. The method of any of claims 1 through 39, wherein the resonator is operated to determine a value of fluid density and fluid viscosity and following the monitoring step the response of the sensor is compared against a known reference value for the fluid.
37
42. The method of claim 41, further comprising de-convoluting the values of fluid density and fluid viscosity from each other.
43. The method of claim 41, wherein following the monitoring step the response of the sensor is compared against a known reference value for the fluid and the values of fluid viscosity and fluid density are de-convoluted from each other according to the deconvolution formulae herein,
44. A sensor for a fluid, comprising: a. at least one exposed resonator exhibiting a characteristic selected from: i. a coating if placed upon the resonator in a thickness greater than about 0.1 micron will not substantially detract from resonance performance; ii. the resonator is operable and is operated at a frequency of less than about 1 MHz; iii. the resonator is substantially resistant to contaminants proximate to the sensor surface; iv. the resonator operates to displace at least a portion of its body through a fluid; v. the resonator responses are capable of de-convolution for measuring one or more individual properties of density, viscosity, or dielectric constant; or vi. any combination of characteristics (i)-(v); b. at least one connector for signally connecting the resonator ith a source of an input signal and a device for monitoring the response of the resonator to the signal, while the resonator is in fluid communication with a fluid in a vehicle fluid system; and c. a surface mountable substrate having circuitry thereon and which has the resonator formed integrally therewith or to which
38 the resonator is attached.
45. The sensor of claim 44, wherein the resonator is coated over at least a portion of its surface.
46. The sensor of claim 44 or 45, wherein the resonator is made of quartz, lithium, niobate, zinc oxide, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) or a mixture thereof.
47. The sensor of any of claims 44 through 46, wherein the coating is made of a hydrophobic material.
48. The sensor of any of claims 44 through 47, wherein the connector is made of a plastic material.
49. The sensor of claim 48, wherein the plastic material is a polyamide.
50. The sensor of any of claim 44 through 49, wherein the resonator is a tuning fork.
51. The sensor of claim 50, wherein the resonator is located in a temperature controlled region.
52. The sensor of any of claims 44 through 51 , wherein the resonator is mounted to a surface mountable substrate.
53. Use of a sensor of any of claims 44 through 52 for monitoring the condition of an automotive vehicle engine oil.
54. A system for monitoring the condition of a vehicle fluid comprising a fluid passage with a sensor of any of claims 44 through 52 positioned therein for
39 fluid communication with the fluid.
55. A system for monitoring the condition of an automotive vehicle engine oil comprising a fluid passage in an automotive vehicle engine with a sensor of any of claims 44 through 52 positioned therein for fluid communication with the engine oil.
56. A system for monitoring the condition of a vehicle fluid, comprising: a) at least one resonator that is operable and is operated at a frequency of less than about 1 MHz, and whose responses are capable of de-convolution for measuring more than one individual properties of density, viscosity, or dielectric constant; and b) a circulating or reservoir fluid system defining a passage in a vehicle in which at least a portion of the at least one resonator is located.
57. The system of claim 56, wherein the resonator is a tuning fork resonator,
58. The system of claim 56 or 57, wherein the resonator is made of quartz, lithium, niobate, zinc oxide, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) or a mixture thereof.
59. The system of any of claims 56 through 58, wherein the resonator is coated over at least a portion of its surface with a hydrophobic material.
60. The system of any of claims 56 through 59 further comprising means for communicating with an output device.
61. The system of any of claims 56 through 60 wherein the fluid system is an automotive vehicle engine and the fluid is an engine oil.
40
62. The system of claim 61 further comprising an engine control unit in signaling communication with the sensor.
63. The system of any of claims 56 through 61 wherein the system employs a plurality of the resonators.
64. The system of any of claims 56 through 61 wherein the resonator is fabricated from a wafer.
65. The system of claim 56 or 57 wherein the resonator is mounted to a wall defining the passage.
66. The system of claim 56 or 57 wherein the resonator is suspended within the passage.
67. The system of any of claims 56 through 66, wherein the resonator includes a plurality of tines.
68. The system of claim 67, wherein the tines oscillate in an opposite direction relative to each other,
69. The system of any of claims 56 through 68, further comprising a surface mountable substrate having circuitry thereon and which has the resonator formed integrally therewith or to which the resonator is attached,
70. The resonator as used in any of the foregoing claims, wherein the resonator exhibits each of the characteristics that a coating if placed upon the resonator in a thickness greater than about 0.1 micron will not substantially detract from resonance performance; the resonator is operable and is operated at a frequency of less than about i MHz; the resonator is substantially resistant to contaminants proximate to the sensor surface; the resonator operates to
41 displace at least a portion of its body through a fluid; and the resonator responses are capable of de-convolution for measuring one or more individual properties of density, viscosity, or dielectric constant.
42
PCT/US2003/032982 2002-10-18 2003-10-17 Machine fluid sensor and method WO2004036191A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03809124A EP1552273A1 (en) 2002-10-18 2003-10-17 Machine fluid sensor and method
CA002499298A CA2499298A1 (en) 2002-10-18 2003-10-17 Machine fluid sensor and method
AU2003277429A AU2003277429A1 (en) 2002-10-18 2003-10-17 Machine fluid sensor and method

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US41940402P 2002-10-18 2002-10-18
US60/419,404 2002-10-18
US10/452,264 2003-06-02
US10/452,264 US7043969B2 (en) 2002-10-18 2003-06-02 Machine fluid sensor and method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004036191A1 WO2004036191A1 (en) 2004-04-29
WO2004036191B1 true WO2004036191B1 (en) 2004-07-08

Family

ID=32110239

Family Applications (1)

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PCT/US2003/032982 WO2004036191A1 (en) 2002-10-18 2003-10-17 Machine fluid sensor and method

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US (3) US7043969B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1552273A1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003277429A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2499298A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2004036191A1 (en)

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