WO2004057727A1 - Rotor für einen elektromotor - Google Patents
Rotor für einen elektromotor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004057727A1 WO2004057727A1 PCT/DK2003/000862 DK0300862W WO2004057727A1 WO 2004057727 A1 WO2004057727 A1 WO 2004057727A1 DK 0300862 W DK0300862 W DK 0300862W WO 2004057727 A1 WO2004057727 A1 WO 2004057727A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- receiving spaces
- axis
- conductor bars
- cross
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/46—Motors having additional short-circuited winding for starting as an asynchronous motor
Definitions
- the invention relates to a rotor for an electric motor, in particular a line-start electric motor with receiving spaces for permanent magnets that run in the axial direction and with receiving spaces for conductor bars that run in the axial direction.
- Hybrid three-phase motors that represent a combination of a three-phase asynchronous motor with a three-phase synchronous motor are referred to as line-start electric motors.
- Such a line-start electric motor comprises a stator, which is also referred to as a stator, with a plurality of stator or stator windings.
- the stator windings generate a rotating field that generates a voltage in a rotor or rotor, which causes the rotor to rotate.
- the rotor of a line-start electric motor has features of the rotor of a three-phase asynchronous motor as well as features of the rotor of a three-phase synchronous motor.
- Line start motors can also be designed for single-phase mains supply, possibly with an operating capacitor.
- conductor bars for example made of aluminum or copper, are arranged essentially in the axial direction.
- the conductor bars can be connected by short-circuit rings on the end faces of the rotor.
- the conductor bars together with the short-circuit rings form the rotor winding and can have the shape of a cage, which is why such a rotor is also referred to as a squirrel-cage rotor.
- the rotating field of the stator winding causes a change in the flux in the conductor loops of the rotor, which is initially stationary.
- the flow rate of change is proportional to the rotating field speed.
- the induced voltage causes current to flow in the rotor conductor bars connected by the short-circuit rings.
- the magnetic field generated by the rotor current causes a torque that rotates the rotor in the direction of rotation of the stator rotating field. If the rotor reached the speed of the stator rotating field, the flux change in the conductor loop under consideration would be zero and thus the torque causing the rotation.
- the rotor speed is therefore always lower than the rotating field speed in three-phase asynchronous motors. The rotor therefore does not run mechanically in synchronism with the rotating field speed.
- Permanent magnets can be arranged in the rotor of a three-phase synchronous motor, for example, which generate a rotating magnetic field during operation.
- the poles of the rotor are attracted by the opposite poles of the stator rotating field and shortly afterwards repelled by its similar poles. Due to its inertia, the rotor cannot immediately follow the stator speed. If, however, the rotor has approximately reached the speed of the stator rotating field, then the rotor is, so to speak, drawn into the stator rotating field speed and continues to run with it. This means that after the rotor starts up, it rotates synchronously with 0 of the stator rotating field speed.
- the rotor of a line start electric motor includes both permanent magnets and conductor bars.
- the conductor bars form a starting aid for the rotor.
- the permanent magnets are effective.
- the line-start electric motor 5 combines the good starting properties of an asynchronous motor, i.e. the large starting torque, with the high efficiency of the synchronous motor.
- the conductor bars develop their effect, whereas the permanent magnets actually only have a disruptive role when the motor starts.
- the permanent magnets develop their effect, whereas the conductor bars then no longer contribute to the generation of torque, since no voltage is induced in the conductor bars during synchronous operation.
- the magnetic field existing in the operation of the line-start electric motor in an air gap between the rotor and stator comprises two components.
- the first 5 components of the resulting field are caused by the stator windings. This is also called a rotating field.
- the second component of the resulting field is caused by the permanent magnets, which can also be referred to as permanent magnets.
- torque fluctuations can occur which are undesirable.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a rotor according to the preamble of claim 1, in particular for an electric motor according to the preamble of the Proverb 14 to create that makes the magnetic field approximately sinusoidal during synchronous operation.
- the field strength of the magnetic field existing between the rotor and the stator be approximately sinusoidal during synchronous operation. This is counteracted by the permanent magnets in the rotor, which lead to an angular course in conventional line-start electric motors.
- the desired sinusoidal rotating field is thus distorted by the conventional permanent magnets and thus contributes to torque fluctuations or torque pulsations during synchronous operation.
- This undesirable distortion during synchronous operation is generated in that the field strength of the permanent magnet is distributed unattenuated over the rotor surface.
- the permanent magnets In the direction of the magnetic axis, the permanent magnets mainly determine the field.
- the rotor is only partially permeable to the magnetic field from the stator in the direction of the neutral axis, but not in the direction of the magnetic axis.
- the rotor according to the invention is preferably a rotor for an electric motor, in particular a line-start electric motor, with receiving spaces for permanent magnets running in the axial direction and with receiving spaces for conductor bars running in the axial direction.
- the receiving spaces for the conductor bars have an essentially elongated cross section in at least one sector of the rotor. Viewed in cross section, the receiving spaces for the conductor bars in this sector are curved along their longitudinal axis.
- a preferred exemplary embodiment of the rotor is characterized in that a plurality of permanent magnets, in particular four permanent magnets, are arranged such that they generate a magnetic field with a neutral axis and a magnetic axis which is arranged perpendicular to the neutral axis.
- the radii of curvature of the receiving spaces for the conductor bars decrease from the neutral axis to the magnet axis, that is to say the radii of curvature are smaller in the vicinity of the magnet axis than in the vicinity of the neutral axis.
- the neutral axis runs where the permanent magnets do not generate a magnetic field.
- the magnetic axis runs where the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets is strongest.
- the field strength of the permanent magnetic field can be, for example, 1.5 Tesla.
- the magnetic field generated by the stator or stator windings runs from the stator through the rotor and back into the stator.
- Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the rotor is characterized in that the distance between the receiving spaces for the conductor bars is constant. This arrangement has proven to be particularly advantageous in tests carried out within the scope of the present invention.
- Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the rotor is characterized in that the receiving spaces for the conductor bars, viewed in cross section, are designed and arranged so as to be curved along their longitudinal axis such that the distance of the receiving spaces for the conductor bars from the axis of rotation of the rotor, in cross section through the rotor considered, increases from the neutral axis to the 5 magnetic axis.
- Field lines of the magnetic field generated by the stator windings can penetrate the rotor.
- a further preferred exemplary embodiment of the rotor is characterized in that the longitudinal axes of the receiving spaces for the conductor bars, viewed in cross-section through the rotor, are essentially radially oriented in the vicinity of the neutral axis, apart from the curvature and relative to the rotor, and in that the longitudinal axes of the receiving spaces for the conductor bars, viewed in cross section through the rotor, point toward the magnetic axis are arranged rotated that the radially outer ends of the receiving spaces for the conductor bars, viewed in cross section through the rotor, are arranged at a smaller distance from the magnetic axis than in a radial alignment.
- Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the rotor is characterized in that the receiving spaces for the conductor bars, viewed in cross section, each have two side walls which are curved to different extents. This gives the receiving spaces for the conductor bars an essentially crescent shape.
- Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the rotor is characterized in that the radii of curvature of the side walls of the receiving spaces for the conductor bars decrease from the neutral axis to the magnet axis.
- Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the rotor is characterized in that the two side walls of the receiving spaces for the conductor bars, viewed in cross section through the rotor, are connected at their inwardly facing ends by a rounded connecting wall. This has proven to be particularly advantageous from a manufacturing and functional point of view.
- Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the rotor is characterized in that the connecting walls of all the receiving spaces for the conductor bars have the same radius. It follows from this that the distance between the side walls radially on the inside is also constant.
- Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the rotor is characterized in that the receiving spaces for the permanent magnets are curved in this way formed and arranged around the axis of rotation of the rotor that the distance between the receiving spaces for the permanent magnets and the receiving spaces for the conductor bars, viewed in cross section through the rotor, is greater in the area of the magnet axis than in the area of the neutral axis. This creates sufficient space for the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field generated by the stator.
- a further preferred exemplary embodiment of the rotor is characterized in that the receiving spaces for the permanent magnets, viewed in cross section through the rotor, have the shape of arcs which are arranged in the form of an ellipse, the main axis of which with the neutral axis and the secondary axis with the magnetic axis coincides.
- This arrangement has proven to be particularly advantageous with regard to the distribution of the magnetic field lines during operation of the device according to the invention.
- the rotor has at least one transition zone in which the receiving spaces for the conductor bars are not curved.
- the rotor can be formed from a laminated core applied to a shaft. Laminated sheets can be arranged in the transition zone, which have no curved receiving spaces for the conductor bars.
- the transition zone serves to achieve a so-called slot bevel, that is to say that a conductor bar in a first end of the rotor is offset in comparison to the conductor bar in the other end of the rotor.
- the offset for example between 10 and 20 mechanical degrees, is achieved in the transition zone in that the conductor bar does not run parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor, but is tapered to the side.
- the amplitude of magnetic harmonics disturbing in the rotating field is desirably greatly reduced by the slot bevel.
- the transition zone consists, for example, of 10 to 20 sheets, the receiving spaces of which are offset from one another.
- the receiving spaces for the conductor bars are closed radially on the outside.
- the receiving spaces for the conductor bars are preferably arranged on the outer circumference of the rotor and, although they have a closed cross section, can also be referred to as grooves. Because the Recording rooms are closed, it is achieved that high-frequency components in the magnetic field do not induce leakage currents in the conductor bars.
- the above-mentioned tasks are solved in that a previously described rotor is rotatably arranged within the stator.
- the rotor according to the invention When starting the electric motor, the magnetic field can be controlled in such a way that gaps in the magnetic field of the permanent magnets can be filled in. Efficiencies of more than 90% can be achieved due to the almost sinusoidal course of the magnetic field or the magnetic field strength or the magnetic flux density.
- a preferred exemplary embodiment of the electric motor is characterized in that short-circuit rings which connect the conductor bars to one another are arranged on the end faces of the rotor.
- the short-circuit rings and the conductor bars form a cage in which a voltage is induced.
- Figure 1 shows a cross section through a rotor
- Figure 2 is a reduced view of the rotor of Figure 1 with field lines of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets and
- FIG. 3 shows the rotor from FIG. 2 with field lines of the magnetic field generated by a stator.
- a rotor 1 of a line start electric motor is shown in cross section in FIG.
- the rotor 1 has a central through hole 2, which serves to receive a shaft (not shown), via which a torque generated by the electric motor can be output.
- the receiving spaces 4 to 7 extend in the axial direction at least over part of the length of the Rotors 1. Viewed in cross section, the four receiving spaces 4 to 7 for the permanent magnets 10 to 13 are arranged in the shape of an ellipse.
- the poles of the permanent magnets 10 to 13 are each designated by the capital letters N for the north pole and S for the south pole.
- the arrangement of the permanent magnets 10 to 13 shown leads to the formation of a magnetic field, the field strength of which is zero along a neutral axis 16 and greatest along a magnetic axis 17.
- the neutral axis 16 is also referred to as the neutral axis.
- the rotor 1 is delimited by a circular cylinder surface, on the circumference of which a multiplicity of receiving spaces 20 to 25 and 28, 29 for 0 conductor bars are arranged.
- the receiving spaces for conductor bars (not shown) extend in the axial direction over the entire length of the rotor 1.
- the rotor 1 is symmetrical in relation to the neutral axis 16 and the magnetic axis 17. For reasons of clarity, therefore, only the receiving spaces 20 to 25 and 28, 29 for the conductor bars are provided with reference numerals.
- Each receiving space for a conductor bar which can also be referred to as a receiving space for a conductor winding, comprises two side walls 31 and 32, which are connected by a semicircular connecting wall 34. At the other end, the elongated receiving spaces for the conductor bars are tapered or tapered. The distances 35 to 39 between the outwardly facing ends of the receiving spaces for the conductor bars are constant.
- FIG. 1 it can be seen that the two side walls of the receiving space 28 are concave. In contrast, the two side walls of the receiving space 29 are convex.
- the receiving space 28 is divided into two equal halves by the 5 neutral axis 16 and the receiving space 29 by the magnetic axis 17.
- the receiving spaces 20 to 25 arranged between the receiving spaces 28 and 29 and thus between the neutral axis 16 and the magnetic axis 17 each have a convex and a concave side wall.
- the radius of curvature of the receiving spaces 20 to 25 decreases from the neutral axis 16 to the magnetic axis 17. This means that the receiving space 20 has the largest and the receiving space 25 the smallest radii of curvature. 2 shows the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets 10 to 13 in the form of magnetic field lines.
- FIG. 3 shows the magnetic field generated by a stator (not shown) during the asynchronous starting of the rotor in the form of magnetic field lines 5.
- the magnetic flux through the rotor 1 is indicated in FIG. 3 by arrows 48 and 49.
- the curved receiving spaces for the conductor bars which can also be referred to as grooves, provide the advantage that the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets is passed through the rotor 1 in a controlled manner during operation of the line start electric motor (not shown). As a result, an approximately sinusoidal course of the field strength of the resulting magnetic field can be generated in the air gap between the stator and rotor during operation of the electric motor.
- the curvature of the grooves or receiving spaces for the conductor bars 5 has the primary function during the synchronous operation of the electric motor to distribute the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets sinusoidally in the air gap between the rotor and the stator. As a result, the magnetic field will be weakest in the area of the neutral axis and strongest in the area of the magnetic axis.
- the curved design of the receiving spaces for the conductor bars and the special arrangement of the conductor bars when the electric motor starts up creates a lot of space for the magnetic field of the stator which penetrates the rotor.
- the special arrangement of the permanent magnets increases the available space.
- the magnetic field is controlled when the electric motor starts so that gaps in the magnetic field that are caused by the permanent magnets are filled.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03779720A EP1579549A1 (de) | 2002-12-19 | 2003-12-12 | Rotor für einen elektromotor |
AU2003287882A AU2003287882A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 | 2003-12-12 | Rotor for an electric motor |
US10/539,500 US7247965B2 (en) | 2002-12-19 | 2003-12-12 | Rotor for an electric motor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10261763.5 | 2002-12-19 | ||
DE10261763A DE10261763B4 (de) | 2002-12-19 | 2002-12-19 | Rotor für einen Elektromotor |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004057727A1 true WO2004057727A1 (de) | 2004-07-08 |
Family
ID=32519546
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DK2003/000862 WO2004057727A1 (de) | 2002-12-19 | 2003-12-12 | Rotor für einen elektromotor |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7247965B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1579549A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN100423407C (de) |
AU (1) | AU2003287882A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10261763B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004057727A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4528825B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-21 | 2010-08-25 | 日立アプライアンス株式会社 | 自己始動型永久磁石同期電動機及びこれを用いた圧縮機 |
CN201219227Y (zh) * | 2008-07-30 | 2009-04-08 | 无锡东元电机有限公司 | 一种永磁同步电机转子 |
CN201204529Y (zh) * | 2008-08-28 | 2009-03-04 | 无锡东元电机有限公司 | 永磁同步电机 |
CN201294443Y (zh) * | 2008-12-01 | 2009-08-19 | 东元总合科技(杭州)有限公司 | 永磁自启动同步电机转子 |
KR20100069792A (ko) * | 2008-12-17 | 2010-06-25 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 동기모터의 회전자 |
JP5401204B2 (ja) * | 2009-08-07 | 2014-01-29 | 日立アプライアンス株式会社 | 自己始動型永久磁石同期電動機、及び、これを用いた圧縮機と冷凍サイクル |
US9705388B2 (en) * | 2011-12-19 | 2017-07-11 | Baldor Electric Company | Rotor for a line start permanent magnet machine |
CN103208894B (zh) * | 2012-01-11 | 2015-07-29 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 自起动式同步磁阻电机及其转子 |
US9118230B2 (en) * | 2013-02-07 | 2015-08-25 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Interior permanent magnet machine |
CN106533003B (zh) * | 2016-11-18 | 2018-12-18 | 广东威灵电机制造有限公司 | 转子和具有其的永磁同步电机、冰箱压缩机和洗碗机 |
CN116505686B (zh) * | 2023-06-26 | 2023-09-26 | 中山格智美电器有限公司 | 一种提升外转子无刷电机散热性能的转子结构及电机 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5671442A (en) * | 1979-11-12 | 1981-06-15 | Toshiba Corp | Motor |
WO1997045942A1 (en) * | 1996-05-30 | 1997-12-04 | Rotatek Finland Oy | An electric motor and a method in an electric motor and use thereof |
WO2001006624A1 (en) * | 1999-07-16 | 2001-01-25 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Permanent magnet synchronous motor |
US6223416B1 (en) * | 1993-10-20 | 2001-05-01 | General Electric Company | Method of manufacturing a dynamoelectric machine |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE740689C (de) * | 1941-11-28 | 1943-10-27 | Garbe | Doppelkaefiganker fuer Drehstrommotoren |
US3113230A (en) * | 1960-10-17 | 1963-12-03 | Gen Electric | Rotor for use in a synchronous induction motor |
BE694098A (de) | 1966-03-03 | 1967-07-17 | ||
US4358696A (en) * | 1981-08-19 | 1982-11-09 | Siemens-Allis, Inc. | Permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor |
US5182483A (en) * | 1989-12-28 | 1993-01-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Squirrel-cage rotor with shaped-conductor harmonic reduction |
DK157391A (da) * | 1991-09-06 | 1993-03-07 | Danfoss Flensburg Gmbh | Rotor til en elektrisk maskine |
FI113421B (fi) * | 1996-05-30 | 2004-04-15 | Rotatek Finland Oy | Sähkökoneen roottori ja menetelmä sähkökoneessa |
JP3648921B2 (ja) * | 1997-05-27 | 2005-05-18 | 株式会社明電舎 | 永久磁石形同期回転電機の回転子構造 |
JP2003009483A (ja) * | 2001-06-21 | 2003-01-10 | Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd | 永久磁石埋込み型誘導電動機 |
-
2002
- 2002-12-19 DE DE10261763A patent/DE10261763B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-12-12 EP EP03779720A patent/EP1579549A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-12-12 US US10/539,500 patent/US7247965B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-12 WO PCT/DK2003/000862 patent/WO2004057727A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-12-12 AU AU2003287882A patent/AU2003287882A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-12 CN CNB2003801065130A patent/CN100423407C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5671442A (en) * | 1979-11-12 | 1981-06-15 | Toshiba Corp | Motor |
US6223416B1 (en) * | 1993-10-20 | 2001-05-01 | General Electric Company | Method of manufacturing a dynamoelectric machine |
WO1997045942A1 (en) * | 1996-05-30 | 1997-12-04 | Rotatek Finland Oy | An electric motor and a method in an electric motor and use thereof |
WO2001006624A1 (en) * | 1999-07-16 | 2001-01-25 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Permanent magnet synchronous motor |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 005, no. 137 (E - 072) 29 August 1981 (1981-08-29) * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1726627A (zh) | 2006-01-25 |
US7247965B2 (en) | 2007-07-24 |
CN100423407C (zh) | 2008-10-01 |
DE10261763A1 (de) | 2004-07-15 |
DE10261763B4 (de) | 2005-06-09 |
US20060145557A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
AU2003287882A1 (en) | 2004-07-14 |
EP1579549A1 (de) | 2005-09-28 |
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