WO2004090422A1

WO2004090422A1 - Method and apparatus for treating medical materials

Info

Publication number: WO2004090422A1
Application number: PCT/CN2003/000826
Authority: WO
Inventors: Dingli Zhou
Original assignee: Dingli Zhou
Priority date: 2003-03-20
Filing date: 2003-09-27
Publication date: 2004-10-21
Also published as: AU2003271035A1

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for treating medical materials. Typically, firstly the medical materials are cracked in a sealed furnace in a temperature range of 300-450° C. Hydrocarbon from cracking is recovered. Further, the organic residua produced by cracking process are combusted in a higher range temperature of 850-1300° C into ash. Futhermore the present invention also discloses the treating apparatus including a housing for gathering medical materials, the sealed furnace, a combustion furnace, a jar for storing residua, a collector for hydrocarbon and etc. The present invention makes the medical materials harmless and makes a great deal of medical materials to a kind of resource.

Description

Method and equipment for treating medical waste

The present invention relates to a method and equipment for treating medical waste, and in particular, to a method and equipment for treating medical waste by means of cracking and incineration. Background technique

With the development of society and the improvement of people's health, the percentage of medical waste in the total amount of social waste has continued to rise. Because medical waste may contain germs and viruses, it is toxic and infectious, as well as foul odors. They are far more harmful to people and the environment than ordinary daily garbage. Effectively disposing of these medical wastes, making them harmless, and reducing their volume has become a topic that is widely valued and researched worldwide.

Medical waste has complex components, mainly including organic high molecular polymers, such as rubber gloves, mattresses, plastic infusion tubes, plasma bags, etc .; organic fibers, such as gauze, bandages, masks, medicinal cotton balls, clothing, etc .; Carbohydrates, such as internal organs, limbs, hair, blood, and residues; and solid waste, such as glass bottles, metal needles, broken surgical instruments, knives, and so on. Medical waste must be treated at high temperature to be completely harmless and meet environmental protection requirements. At present, the common methods of decomposing and destroying medical waste are various incineration methods, such as rotary barrel incineration method, horizontal exhaust furnace combustion method, and vertical barrel incineration method, for example, in USP 6, 352, 040. In the two-step incineration method, etc. The exhaust gas discharged after incineration of garbage seriously pollutes the atmospheric environment. The more waste incinerated every day, the more exhaust gas is generated, and the greater the pollution to the environment; the incineration of garbage requires a large amount of fuel oil, which consumes a large amount of energy and has a high processing cost; A large amount of excess high-temperature flue gas or heat generated during incineration is difficult to save and comprehensively use, especially medical waste containing a large amount of waste plastic and rubber articles that can be converted into high-value fuel oil is burned, causing serious waste of energy resources; The raw medical waste that has not been processed at high temperature carries infectious toxic and harmful substances, and must be detoxified and completely destroyed in a sealed environment. The incineration method is usually carried out under the condition of air blowing. It is difficult to form a confined environment, causing the operator and the surrounding environment to be infected by harmful substances.

In summary, the method of one-time incineration of medical waste has serious ills such as polluting the environment with a large amount of exhaust gas, high energy consumption and treatment costs, difficulty in saving and utilizing excess thermal energy, and inability to recycle medical waste. . '

The prior art has disclosed some new technical solutions to replace and improve the above-mentioned incineration method, such as using a thermal cracking method. In USP 6, 139, 793, medical waste is intermittently harmlessly treated in a closed container with a stirring device; however, because the stirring shaft is easily deformed and bent when it is rotated under high temperature for a long time, between the shaft and the container The sealing system is easy to be damaged, so that the high-temperature gas in the container is easy to leak to the outside. Therefore, the lower temperature can only be used to treat medical waste, but the low temperature range of 121-171 ° C used in it can only sterilize and disinfect. The organic waste cannot be completely decomposed and cracked at all;

USP 6, 524, 539 discloses the use of electromagnetic microwaves as a heat source and traditional batch retorting methods of medical waste in oxygen-free closed containers, so that the exhaust gas does not contain toxic substances such as dioxins; because Intermittent operation, feeding and ash removal and slag removal must be carried out at normal pressure and temperature, so that it takes a long time to heat up after each loading, and it takes a long time to cool down before slag discharge and ash discharge. A large amount of time is consumed, resulting in a reduction in the unit processing capacity of the equipment; a large amount of heat energy is lost during the heating and cooling processes, which must be additionally increased And replenish a large amount of electricity consumption; the organic substances contained in the waste cannot be burned and used, and the treatment cost is high; in addition, the metal substances in the waste have a reflection effect on the electromagnetic microwave, causing the electromagnetic microwave equipment to be adversely affected and unable to operate normally .

In particular, medical waste contains a large amount of carbohydrates, such as the internal organs of the human body, and must be treated at a high temperature of 850 ° C or higher to completely decompose and harmless it. Today, high temperature resistant steels commonly used in the market or industry, such as stainless steel or titanium alloy steel, are difficult to withstand high temperature conditions above 850 ° C for a long time and are expensive; therefore, in the actual industrialized process of medical waste treatment, The operating temperature of the material of the cracking equipment is generally 500-700 ° C. The temperature resistance of the material of the cracking equipment limits the thermal cracking temperature of the medical waste in the cracking equipment, which is difficult to reach 850 ° C, that is, the thermal cracking that occurs at a temperature of 500-700 ° C cannot make the medical waste completely It is completely decomposed. The residue after cracking also contains quite a lot of undecomposed organic substances, which must be further processed to completely decompose or harmless to meet the requirements of environmental protection.

To sum up, simply adopting the incineration method and the traditional pyrolysis method to treat medical building wastes can no longer meet the requirements of high efficiency, environmental protection and energy saving.

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned incineration method and pyrolysis method for treating medical waste, and provide a method for treating medical waste, which can meet the requirements of high efficiency, environmental protection, energy saving and other aspects, such as low-temperature cracking and high-temperature incineration. And equipment. Summary of the Invention

According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for treating medical waste is provided, and more particularly, the present invention relates to a method for firstly performing limited thermal cracking of medical waste, and then The method of high temperature incineration of the generated residue.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a device for treating medical waste is provided, which mainly includes a device for performing limited thermal cracking of medical waste and a device for incineration of residues generated by the cracking reaction.

The method according to the invention comprises the following steps:

i) loading the medical waste into a cracking device and sealing the device; ii) heating the cracking device to keep the material at 300-450 ° C for 0. 2-4 hours, performing a thermal cracking reaction, collecting and using The gas phase product of the thermal cracking reaction; iii) The cracking reaction residue is discharged from the cracking equipment and sent to a burner for incineration to embers; iv) the burned ash is discharged and disposed of.

The medical waste includes one or more of the following waste substances: organic polymers, organic fiber substances, carbohydrates, human tissues or other organic residues, inorganic-and metallic materials, equipment, etc.

Before loading, the medical waste is pulverized or not, and the size of the waste is required to be no more than 35 cm. During the charging process, the cracking reaction gas products remaining in the cracking equipment should be avoided as far as possible.

The heat source required for the pyrolysis reaction and incineration can be provided by the combustion of fuel oil, gas, coal, electricity or / and the residue of the cracking reaction, said fuel oil and gas can be obtained from the gas products produced by the thermal cracking reaction.

The thermal cracking residue is burned in a combustion furnace at 850-1300 ° C, so that the combustibles in it are burned cleanly, and other materials are completely harmless; the pressures of the cracking and incineration operations are normal pressure or slightly increased. Pressure. The step of discharging the cracking reaction residues into the cracking equipment can be performed in two steps. That is, the residues are first discharged into a residue collection container, and they are sent to the combustion furnace when they have accumulated to a certain amount. The steps in the process can be performed in common ways, such as chain transfer, or manual transfer when the processing capacity is not large.

The incinerated ash is discharged out of the combustion furnace. After cooling, it is sieved to separate unashed solid materials, such as solid inorganic matter and metals, from the ash for further processing.

According to a preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention, the thermal cracking reaction is performed in two steps. The first step is to raise the temperature of the medical waste to not more than 250 in a storage / gasification unit included in the cracking equipment. ° C, maintaining for 0.2-2 hours, the gas products produced in the meantime are sent to a combustion furnace for combustion and heat recovery, the second step is to put the remainder 1 into a thermal cracking unit included in the cracking equipment, so that it is at 300- Hold at 450 ° C for 0. 2-4 hours to complete the thermal cracking reaction.

According to another preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention, the gas-phase product produced by the cracking reaction is subjected to condensation treatment, and the condensed liquid hydrocarbon oil is collected, and the uncondensed gas is introduced into a combustion furnace for combustion, and the combustion gas is used for combustion. Heat is used to provide heat for the thermal cracking reaction process.

The equipment for treating medical waste according to the present invention includes a storage silo, a thermal cracking equipment, a combustion furnace, a slag storage tank, a waste heat boiler and a hydrocarbon oil collection device;

The storage bin includes: a cylindrical or rectangular shell, an outer layer of the shell is a flue gas channel layer for heating, an upper part of the shell is provided with a feeding opening, and is equipped with a sealing cover or a valve; The lower part of the shell is equipped with a discharge port leading to the thermal cracking equipment, and is equipped with a valve; the upper part of the shell is equipped with a steam inlet and a gas exhaust outlet;

The thermal cracking equipment is located below the storage silo and includes: a cylindrical or rectangular upper casing, a conical shape or a circular arc top upwardly matching the shape of the upper casing but gradually closing. The head-shaped lower casing is closely combined with the upper and lower casings; the outer layer of the casing is a flue gas channel layer for heating; the upper part of the casing has a feeding opening, and a valve is arranged on the opening. The discharge port of the silo is connected; a slag discharge port is installed at the lower or lower side of the casing and is equipped with a valve, which is connected to the residue inlet of the slag storage tank; the upper part of the casing is provided with a hydrocarbon oil collection device and / Or the gaseous matter discharge port of the combustion furnace;

The slag storage tank includes: a cylindrical or rectangular shell, the upper part of the shell has a residue entry opening, the lower part of the shell has a slag discharge port, and is equipped with a slag discharge valve; the upper part of the shell is equipped with an exhaust gas outlet; the combustion The furnace includes: a cylindrical or rectangular shell for combustion and incineration, a gas inlet connected to a storage bin on the shell wall, an uncondensed gas inlet connected to a hydrocarbon oil collection device, a liquid hydrocarbon oil combustion nozzle, and combustion obtained High temperature flue gas outlet, residue incineration inlet from slag storage tank, and grate in the shell for solid matter incineration.

The hydrocarbon oil collection device includes: a condensing device and a gas-liquid separation device. The condensing device can receive the gasification products from the cracking equipment, and after condensing, it can be separated into two products of gas and liquid, which are stored in the gas-liquid separator or the hydrocarbon oil In the storage tank, room temperature air or room temperature water can be used to cool and cool the condensing device, and the hot air after heat exchange enters the combustion furnace; the gas-liquid separation device or hydrocarbon oil storage tank collects gas-liquid products from the condensing device, and has an outlet and The burner is connected.

A preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention,

According to another preferred embodiment of the device of the present invention, the cracking device may be a rotary reactor or a cylindrical shell, and the bottom of the shell may be a circular head with an arc top upward, and a slag hole configuration On the side of the lower part of the shell, or a rectangular shell reactor; a stirrer can be installed in the shell. In another preferred embodiment, a heating flue pipe is installed inside the shell of the cracking device, and the flue pipe is in communication with a flue channel on the outer layer of the shell. Brief description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a simple flowchart of the method and equipment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a thermal cracking kettle, a storage bin, and a slag storage tank device that can be used in the present invention. Specific implementation scheme

The method of the invention is described below in conjunction with the device of the invention.

The medical waste is not crushed or crushed to a size of less than 35 cm.

Before adding medical waste to the storage silo, first open the water vapor inlet and exhaust gas outlet on the storage silo, pass the water vapor generated by the waste heat boiler into the sealed storage silo, and use water vapor or an exhaust fan to connect the storage silo The remaining hydrocarbon gas is driven out and sent to the combustion furnace for combustion; then the storage bin is opened to feed the storage bin; after the filling is completed, the storage bin is covered and sealed, and the storage bin is closed with water vapor or a fan The air inside expelled.

Under the condition that the storage silo does not contain air, open the connection valve between the storage silo and the thermal cracking kettle, and the medical waste falls into the thermal cracking kettle, which avoids the air zone that the storage silo enters during loading. Enter the thermal cracking kettle to prevent the explosion of detonation gas due to air in the thermal cracking kettle; then, close the connection valve between the storage silo and the thermal cracking kettle; repeat the above operation method to continuously feed the material The silo is loaded and unloaded.

Heat the medical waste in the pyrolysis kettle with high temperature flue gas, and keep the material at 300-450 ° C for 0. 2-4 hours, a thermal cracking reaction occurs; the thermal cracking reaction maintains normal pressure or higher than normal pressure; The gas phase and residue are produced by the reaction. The residue is discharged from the pyrolysis kettle and sent to the combustion furnace. 850-1300 ° C high-temperature combustion treatment to embers, to achieve harmlessness and volume reduction; gaseous materials are continuously discharged from the thermal cracker, condensed by condensers, collected to obtain hydrocarbon oil, non-condensable gaseous materials are introduced into the combustion The furnace performs combustion, returns the high temperature flue gas generated in the combustion furnace to the thermal cracking kettle, and heats the thermal cracking kettle; when the supply amount of combustible gas in the combustion furnace is insufficient to generate sufficient high temperature flue gas, it is collected by an oil pump The hydrocarbon oil is input to the combustion furnace for combustion; when the residue produced by the pyrolysis reaction is discharged into the slag storage tank, the pressure in the slag storage tank may be normal pressure or negative pressure, and the negative pressure may be a water vapor jet or a Vacuum pumping is generated.

During the slag discharge, the valve connecting the slag discharge port of the thermal cracking kettle and the feed opening of the slag storage tank is opened. Into the slag storage tank; close the valve connecting the pyrolysis kettle and the slag storage tank, then open the slag discharge valve of the slag storage tank to discharge the residue out of the slag storage tank, and then close the slag discharge valve of the slag storage tank; repeat the above discharge The slag operation method can conveniently discharge the residues in the thermal cracking kettle and send the reaction residues containing organic matter to the combustion furnace for incineration, and further perform harmless and volume reduction treatment.

A more preferred approach is to introduce the heated flue gas discharged from the shell layer of the thermal cracking kettle into the heated flue gas passage of the shell layer of the storage bin, so that the medical waste is heated to not more than 250 ° C, and maintained for 0.2-2 hours, In order to dry, pre-heat the material and pre-volatile organic components that are easy to volatilize; send the gas product directly to the combustion furnace to burn to provide thermal energy; and then introduce the residue into the cracker to keep it at 300-450 ° C 0.2 to 4 hours to complete the thermal cracking reaction.

In the above method step, the heat required for the thermal cracking reaction is generated from the hydrocarbons (hydrocarbon oil and / or low molecular weight flammable gas, such as H ₂ , CH ₄ , C ₂ ) and the cracking residues generated from the thermal cracking reaction. The supply of high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion of organic substances in a combustion furnace; the thermal cracking temperature is 300-450 ° C, the pressure is normal pressure or higher, and the temperature in the combustion furnace is 850-1300 . c; In general medical waste, the weight percentages of organic polymer waste products such as waste plastic, waste rubber, and waste fiber are relatively high, but they are easily within 300-450 in a short period of time.

The IM 氐 temperature range is completely and completely thermally cracked and decomposed, requiring only a small amount of heat; at the same time, a large amount of combustible hydrocarbons (hydrocarbon oil and flammable gas) are generated after the thermal cracking reaction; if these hydrocarbons produced by the cracking reaction are If all combustion is performed, the total heat generated after combustion is far greater than the total heat absorbed by the thermal cracking reaction. There is a surplus of heat or energy. This surplus heat should be recovered and stored as a backup. Otherwise, this excess heat will be wasted and Loss; while the weight percentage content of carbohydrate or fiber waste (such as human internal organs, plasma, limbs, flesh, etc.) is relatively small, but their material composition contains a large number of hydrogen bonds

(Η ··· 0) and a large amount of water, thermal cracking and decomposing them require a lot of heat, but the amount of hydrocarbons (hydrocarbon oil and flammable gas) generated after their reaction is small, and after burning these hydrocarbons The heat generated is far less than or cannot meet the heat absorbed by the thermal cracking reaction, and the heat is lost; because many carbohydrate wastes need to be under high temperature conditions, it takes a relatively long time to slowly and completely crack and decompose. Therefore, a new heat source (such as fuel oil and fuel gas) must be supplemented and introduced into a combustion furnace for combustion to generate high-temperature flue gas to maintain the normal progress of the thermal cracking reaction, which will increase the treatment of medical waste. Operating costs

In order to avoid waste of excess heat, reduce heat consumption and energy cost in production, and balance the total heat in the whole process of thermal cracking reaction, the present invention recovers the excess thermal energy of the thermal cracking reaction in the temperature range of 300-450 ° C one by one. Hydrocarbon oil is input to the combustion furnace for combustion when necessary to supplement and maintain the heat required for the thermal cracking reaction. This eliminates the need to purchase additional fuel oil, reduces operating costs, and recycles medical waste. If medical waste is discarded, Flammable When the amount of waste burned is small, the calorific value is small, and additional fuel should be added to the combustion furnace. In this case, the gas phase hydrocarbons discharged from the cracking reaction may not be condensed, that is, the hydrocarbon oil is not collected, but the gas phase hydrocarbons are directly introduced into the The combustion furnace burns in order to obtain a sufficient amount of high-temperature flue gas and heat for the cracking reaction. Since the cracking temperature of 300-450 ° C cannot completely decompose and harmless medical waste, the remaining residual after thermal cracking must be further The organic residues are sent to the combustion furnace, and after 850-130 (TC high-temperature incineration treatment to embers, the high-temperature flue gas generated after combustion is returned to the thermal cracking reactor to heat the reactor. The heat source required for the thermal cracking reaction can be fuel oil , Gas, coal, electricity, and / or cracking reaction residues, if the cracking reaction residues all become inorganic, the cracking reaction residues may no longer be returned to the combustion furnace for incineration;

Wastes that can be treated by the method of the present invention include: various medical wastes, organic waste products, waste plastics, waste rubber, waste cellulose products, carbohydrates, residues, heavy oil, slop oil, human waste, sludge, wood chips, Oily sand and other high-molecular organic waste.

The invention is described below with reference to the drawings.

Referring to FIG. 1, the equipment of the present invention includes: a storage silo (6), a thermal cracking reactor or cracking equipment (13), a slag storage tank (15), a combustion furnace (27), a waste heat boiler (12), and a condenser ( 20), a hydrocarbon oil storage tank or a vapor-liquid separator (21), an oil pump (22), and a blower (23).

The storage bin (6) includes: a cylindrical or rectangular shell (32), an outer layer of the shell (32) is a heating flue layer (5), and an upper part of the shell (32) is provided with a feeding opening. (2), the opening (2) is equipped with a sealing cover or a valve (1); the lower part of the housing (32) is equipped with a discharge port, and the valve (7) is installed on the discharge port, and the valve (7) and the housing ( 32) The lower thermal cracking kettle (13) is connected; the upper part of the casing (32) is equipped with a steam inlet (4) and an exhaust gas outlet (3);

The thermal cracking kettle (13) includes: the upper part is a cylindrical or rectangular shell (33), and the lower part Is a conical or trapezoidal shell (34), the upper shell (33) and the lower shell (34) are welded; the outer layer of the shell (33, 34) is a heating flue layer (30), the shell (33) 34) The inside is equipped with a heating flue pipe (9) arranged in a vertical or horizontal direction, and the flue pipe (9) is in communication with the flue (30) on the outer layer of the casing (33, 34); the casing ( 33) is provided with a feeding opening (35) on the upper part, and a valve (7) is provided on the opening (35), and this valve (7) is connected with the discharge opening of the storage bin (6); the lower part of the housing (34) has The slag discharge port (37) is equipped with a valve (14). This valve (14) is connected to the slag inlet (35) of the slag storage tank (15); the upper part of the casing (33) is provided with a hydrocarbon gaseous gas discharge port ( 8);

The storage slag pot (15) comprising: a cylindrical or rectangular housing (36), the upper housing (36) has a residue inlet ^(35), this inlet (35) through the valve (I ⁴⁾ and the housing (36) The upper thermal cracking kettle (13) is connected, the lower part of the shell (36) has a slag discharge hole, and is equipped with a slag discharge valve (16); the upper part of the shell (36) is equipped with an exhaust gas outlet (18);

The method of the present invention is further described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 1.

The medical waste is not crushed or crushed to a size of less than 35 cm, and enters the storage silo (6) through the feeding port (2) of the storage silo (6); before charging, open the storage silo ( 6) The valve (41) of the water vapor inlet (4) and the valve (40) of the exhaust gas outlet (3) on the upper side, pass the water vapor (17) into the sealed storage bin (6), and use the water vapor (17) The high-temperature hydrocarbon gas in the storage silo (6) is driven out of the storage silo (6) through the tail gas outlet (3), and the hydrocarbon gas is sent to the combustion furnace (27), and is burned through the nozzle (26); , Close the steam valve (41) and the exhaust gas outlet valve (40); open or open the filler cap or valve (1) of the storage bin (6), and load the medical waste into the storage bin (6), close or Seal the feeding port (2); Seal the feeding port (2) with a cover or valve (1); Pass water vapor (17) into the storage bin (6), The air in the storage bin (6) is driven out of the storage bin (6) through the tail gas outlet (3) of the storage bin (6), or the waste heat flue gas discharged from the thermal cracker (13) is introduced into the storage bin (6) In the outer heating flue layer (5), heat up the medical waste in the storage bin (6), at the same time, open the valve (40) on the exhaust gas outlet (3), and place the storage bin (6) in The water vapor, volatile substances and air are discharged from the storage bin (6), and introduced into the combustion furnace (27), and burned through the nozzle (26); or the medical treatment in the storage bin (6) may not be provided. Waste heating; open the connection valve (7) between the storage bin (6) and the thermal cracking kettle (13), and the medical waste drops to the thermal cracking kettle through the feed port (35) on the upper part of the cracking kettle (13) ( 13); then, close the feed valve (7) on the top of the cracker (13); repeat the above operation method cyclically, not only to ensure that the thermal cracker (13) is always in a closed condition, but also freely or continuously Loading and unloading to the storage silo (6) to achieve production continuity; returning the hydrocarbons (hydrocarbon oil (38) and / or flammable gas) generated in the thermal cracking reaction to A furnace (27), which is burned through a fuel nozzle (25) and a hydrocarbon gas nozzle (28), introduces high temperature flue gas into a thermal cracking kettle (13), and heats the thermal cracking kettle (13) at 300-450 ° C Under normal or higher pressure conditions, various organic substances (fiber, plastic, rubber, carbohydrates, and other organic substances) in the medical waste in the thermal cracker (13) undergo thermal cracking reactions and decompose into hydrocarbons. The gas phase, water and residue are continuously discharged from the thermal cracker (13), condensed by the condenser (20), and the hydrocarbon oil (38) is collected, and the non-condensed low molecular hydrocarbon gas is introduced into the combustion furnace (27) Combustion, combustion produces high-temperature flue gas, returns the high-temperature flue gas to the thermal cracking kettle (13), and heats the thermal cracking kettle (13) to provide the heat required for the thermal cracking reaction. The externally discharged hydrocarbons are gradually reduced, and the hydrocarbon oil (38) is input to the combustion furnace (27) by a pump (22), and is burned through a combustion nozzle (25) to maintain the heat required for the thermal cracking reaction; in order to avoid gradually increasing residues Occupied thermal cracker (13) The raw material space and thermal cracking space should be continuously discharged from the thermal cracking kettle (13) to maintain continuous production under high temperature conditions. When discharging slag, open the tail gas outlet (18) of the closed slag storage tank (15) ) The valve (39) on the pipe injects water vapor (17) in the outward direction of the tail gas outlet, and uses the physical principle of negative pressure or vacuum generated by the jet. ₅ The air in the slag storage tank (15) is discharged with the water vapor (17) A vacuum or negative pressure environment is formed in the slag storage tank (15), and the slag storage tank (15) forms a vacuum or negative pressure environment; open the slag discharge port (37) valve (14) in the lower part of the thermal cracker (13), and the residue in the thermal cracker (13) Affected by the negative pressure and gravity in the slag storage tank (15), it is dropped into the slag storage tank (15) through the slag discharge valve (14) of the thermal cracking kettle (13); the thermal cracking kettle (13) and the The slag discharge valve (14) connected to the slag storage tank (15) closes the slag inlet (42) at the upper part of the slag storage tank (15), stops spraying water vapor (Π), and then opens the slag storage tank (15) The lower slag discharge hole wide door (16) discharges the residue out of the slag storage tank (15), and then closes the slag discharge valve (16); Or optionally in the thermal cracking vessel (13) in the residue discharge device freely, and to maintain a sealed condition within the pyrolysis reactor (13), to ensure the continuous thermal cracking reaction performed at high temperature conditions. The organic residues discharged from the slag storage irrigation (i5) are further transported into the combustion furnace (27), and treated by 850-1300 high temperature incineration to embers. The high-temperature flue gas generated after combustion is returned to the thermal cracking reactor (13) for reaction The kettle (13) provides heat. According to the changes in the composition and / or type of waste in medical waste, if the thermal cracking reaction can completely decompose medical waste or raw materials at a temperature of 300-450 ° C, the cracking residue is an inorganic substance, and the ash in the slag tank No need to return to the burner for incineration.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail through specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Examples ^{5 00KG} medical waste through the storage bin (6) of the feed opening (2) into a storage bin (6); before the addition, the storage bin is opened to the steam inlet valve (4) on (6) (41) and the valve (40) of the exhaust gas outlet (3), pass water vapor (17) with a pressure of 0.03Mpa into the sealed storage bin (6), and use water vapor (17) to place the inside of the storage bin (6) The high-temperature hydrocarbon gas is driven out of the storage bin (6) through the tail gas outlet (3), and the hydrocarbon gas is sent to the combustion furnace (27) for combustion through the nozzle (26); then, the steam valve (41) and the steam valve (41) are closed. Exhaust gas outlet valve (40); Open the filling port cover or valve (1) of the storage bin (6), load 500KG of medical waste into the storage bin (6) in stages, and close or seal the charging port (2) Seal the charging port (2) with a lid or valve (1); Introduce the waste heat flue gas from the thermal cracker (13) into the heating flue layer (5) on the outer layer of the storage silo (6) and feed it to the storage silo (6) The medical waste inside is heated and heated, and the waste heat flue gas discharged from the storage bin (6) is reintroduced into the waste heat boiler (12), and the waste heat boiler (12) is heated to generate water vapor (17). At the same time, open the valve (40) on the tail gas outlet (3) of the storage bin (6), and remove the water vapor and volatile substances generated by the waste in the storage bin (6) and the The air is discharged from the storage bin (6), and is introduced into the combustion furnace (27), and is burned through the nozzle (26); the connection valve (7) between the storage bin (6) and the thermal cracker (13) is opened, The medical waste is dropped into the thermal cracker (13) through the feed port (35) on the upper part of the cracker (13); then, the feed valve (7) on the upper part of the cracker (13) is closed; the above operation method is repeated cyclically 5 times, 500KG medical waste can be put into the pyrolysis kettle (13) to ensure the raw materials required for the pyrolysis reaction to achieve the continuity of production; the flammable gas and / or hydrocarbon oil produced in the cracking reaction (38) Or purchase commercial fuel oil to be introduced into the combustion furnace (27), burn through the fuel nozzle (25) and gas nozzle (28), introduce high temperature flue gas into the thermal cracking kettle (13), and feed the thermal cracking kettle (13) like The material is heated to 40 (TC, heated for 2 hours, thermal cracker (13) Various organic substances (fibers, plastics, rubber, carbohydrates and other organic substances) in the medical wastes within it undergo thermal cracking reactions, decompose into hydrocarbon gaseous substances, water and residues, and continuously discharge the gaseous substances out of the thermal cracking kettle (13 ), Use room temperature air and the discharged gas phase to perform heat exchange in the condenser (20), the gas phase is condensed by the condenser (20), and the hydrocarbon oil (38) is collected, and the non-condensable flammable gas (H ₂ and CC ₆ ) is introduced into the combustion furnace (27), through the gas nozzle

(28) Combustion is performed, and the high-temperature air exchanged by the condenser (20) is introduced into the combustion furnace (27), and combustion generates high-temperature flue gas, and the high-temperature flue gas is returned to the thermal cracking kettle (13) to the thermal cracking kettle (13) ) Heating to provide the heat required for the thermal cracking reaction; in the middle and late stages of the thermal cracking reaction, the hydrocarbons emitted from the thermal cracking kettle gradually decreased, and the hydrocarbon oil (38) was input to the combustion furnace (27) using a pump (22), Combustion through the combustion nozzle (25) to maintain the heat required for the thermal cracking reaction; in order to avoid the increasing residue occupying the raw material space and thermal cracking space in the thermal cracking kettle (13), the residue should be continuously discharged from the thermal cracking kettle (13) ) To maintain continuous production under high temperature conditions; when discharging slag, open the valve (39) on the tail gas outlet (18) tube at the upper part of the closed slag storage tank (15), and spray water vapor in the outward direction of the tail gas outlet ( 17), using the physical principle of negative pressure or vacuum generated by the jet, the air in the slag storage tank (15) is discharged with the water vapor (17) out of the slag storage tank (15), and a vacuum or negative pressure environment is formed in the slag storage tank (15) Open the lower part of the pyrolysis kettle (13); Slag hole (37) of the valve

(14), the residue in the thermal cracking kettle (13) is attracted by the negative pressure in the slag storage tank (15) and the action of gravity, it is dropped into the slag storage tank through the slag discharge valve (14) of the thermal cracking kettle (13) (15) Inside; Close the slag discharge valve (14) connected to the thermal cracker (13) and the slag storage tank (15), that is, close the slag inlet (42) at the upper part of the slag storage tank (15), and stop spraying water vapor (17), then, open the slag discharge valve (16) at the lower part of the slag storage tank (15), discharge the residue out of the slag storage tank (15), and then close the slag discharge valve (16); repeat the above slag discharge operation cyclically Method 1 time, the pyrolysis kettle (13) The residue discharge device ensures the continuous progress of the thermal cracking reaction under high temperature conditions; the organic residue discharged from the slag storage irrigation (15) is transferred to the combustion furnace (27), and treated by 855-1050C high temperature incineration to embers The high-temperature flue gas generated after combustion is returned to the thermal cracking reactor (13) to supply heat to the reactor (13). After the above production process (thermal cracking reaction), the following results were obtained:

Medical waste: 500KG;

Medical waste composition: volatiles 70.5%, solids 19%, metals and inorganics 10.5%; elemental analysis of domestic waste: H 5.1%, 0 18.2%, C 54%, S 0.4%

N 8.5%, metal and inorganic matter 13.8%;

Storage bin operating temperature: room temperature to 120 ° C;

Storage bin operating pressure: atmospheric pressure (less than 0. IMPa);

Thermal cracking reaction temperature: 400 ± 50 ° C;

Thermal cracking reaction time: 1 hour;

Pressure in the thermal cracking kettle: 0.03-0.07Mpa

Operating pressure in the slag tank: 410-709 Hg (vacuum degree or negative pressure);

Combustion furnace temperature: 855-1050 ° C

Reaction product (W%): hydrocarbon oil (C plant C ₅₂ ) 94KG 18.8%;

Gas (H ₂ and dC ₆ ) 203KG 40.6%;

Inorganic residues and metals 19.8%;

Moisture 104KG 20.8% ₀

Claims

Rights request

1. A method of treating medical waste, which includes one or more of the following: organic polymers, organic fiber substances: carbohydrates, human tissues or other organic residues, inorganic- and metallic materials, Equipment, etc., the method includes the following steps:

V) loading the medical waste into a cracking device and sealing the device; vi) heating the cracking device to keep the material at 300-450 ° C for 0. 2-4 hours, performing a thermal cracking reaction, collecting and using The gaseous products of the thermal cracking reaction; vii) the residues of the cracking reaction are discharged from the cracking equipment and sent to a burner for incineration to ashes; viii) the burned ash is discharged from the burner and disposed of.

The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal cracking reaction is performed in two steps, and the first step is to raise the medical waste in a storage / gasification unit included in the cracking equipment to a temperature not exceeding 2 ⁵ 0 ° C, maintained ^0.2 - ² hours, during which the generated gaseous products of combustion to a combustion furnace and heat recovery, the residue was introduced into a thermal cracking unit comprising the cracking unit, so that the 300-450 ° C Keep it for 0.2 to 4 hours to complete the pyrolysis reaction.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 1, characterized in that the collection and utilization of the gas-phase products produced by the cracking reaction means that the gas-phase products are subjected to condensation treatment and the condensed liquid-phase hydrocarbon oil is collected, and the non-condensed The gas is introduced into the combustion furnace for combustion, and the heat released by the combustion is used to provide heat for the thermal cracking reaction process.

The method according to claim 1, wherein the thermal cracking reaction wherein the residue in the combustion furnace 8 ⁵ 0- 130 (TC incineration operation and incineration cracking pressure is atmospheric or slightly each alone: opening force Pressure.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that said thermal cracking reaction residue It is first discharged into a sealable slag storage tank, and after a certain amount is accumulated, it is sent to a burner for incineration.

6. — A kind of equipment for treating medical waste, mainly including: storage silos, thermal cracking equipment, slag storage tanks, combustion furnaces, and hydrocarbon oil collection devices;

The storage bin includes: a cylindrical or rectangular shell, an outer layer of the shell is a flue gas channel layer for heating, an upper part of the shell is provided with a feeding opening, and is equipped with a sealing cover or a valve; The lower part of the shell is equipped with a discharge port leading to the thermal cracking equipment and is equipped with a valve; the upper part of the shell is equipped with a steam inlet and a gas exhaust outlet;

The thermal cracking equipment is located below the storage silo, and includes: a cylindrical or rectangular upper shell, a conical or arc-shaped round head-shaped lower shell that matches the shape of the upper shell but gradually closes. Body, the upper and lower shells are closely combined; the outer layer of the shell is a flue gas channel layer for heating; the upper part of the shell has a feeding opening, and a valve is arranged on the opening. This valve is connected to the discharge opening of the storage bin. The lower part or the lower side of the shell is equipped with a slag discharge port and is equipped with a valve, which is connected to the residue inlet of the slag storage tank; the upper part of the shell is equipped with a gas phase material leading to the hydrocarbon oil collecting device and / or the combustion furnace exhaustion hole;

The slag storage tank includes: a cylindrical or rectangular shell, the upper part of the shell has a residue entry opening, the lower part of the shell has a slag discharge port, and is equipped with a slag discharge valve; the upper part of the shell is equipped with an exhaust gas outlet; the combustion The furnace includes: a cylindrical or rectangular shell for combustion and incineration, a gas inlet connected to a storage bin on the shell wall, an uncondensed gas inlet connected to a hydrocarbon oil collection device, a liquid hydrocarbon oil combustion nozzle, and combustion obtained High temperature flue gas outlets, residue incineration inlets from slag storage tanks, and grate in the shell for incineration of solid materials;

The hydrocarbon oil collecting device includes: a condensing device and a gas-liquid separation device. The condensing device may It accepts the gasification products from the cracking equipment, condenses and separates them into two kinds of gas-liquid products. It is stored in a gas-liquid separator or a hydrocarbon oil storage tank. The condensing device can be cooled and exchanged with room temperature air or room temperature water. After the hot air enters the combustion furnace; the air enters the combustion furnace after the condensation device; the gas-liquid separation device or the hydrocarbon oil storage tank collects the gas-liquid products from the condensation device, and has an outlet connected to the combustion furnace.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the medical waste treatment equipment may include a waste heat boiler, and high-temperature flue gas from other devices may be used to add water and generate water vapor.

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8. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the cracking device can be a rotary reactor or a cylindrical shell, and the bottom of the shell can be a round head with an arc top upward, and a slag discharge hole It is arranged on the side of the lower part of the shell or a rectangular shell reactor, and a stirrer can be installed in the shell.

9. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that a heating flue pipe is arranged inside the casing of the cracking apparatus, and the flue pipe is in communication with the flue channel of the outer layer of the shell.