WO2005043264A3 - A wireless tire pressure and/or wheel speed sensing system for aircraft - Google Patents
A wireless tire pressure and/or wheel speed sensing system for aircraft Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005043264A3 WO2005043264A3 PCT/US2004/027443 US2004027443W WO2005043264A3 WO 2005043264 A3 WO2005043264 A3 WO 2005043264A3 US 2004027443 W US2004027443 W US 2004027443W WO 2005043264 A3 WO2005043264 A3 WO 2005043264A3
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- resonant
- circuit
- sensing system
- sensor
- capacitance
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
- G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C23/00—Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
- B60C23/02—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure
- B60C23/04—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre
- B60C23/0408—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver
- B60C23/0422—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver characterised by the type of signal transmission means
- B60C23/0427—Near field transmission with inductive or capacitive coupling means
- B60C23/0428—Near field transmission with inductive or capacitive coupling means using passive wheel mounted resonance circuits
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C23/00—Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
- B60C23/02—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure
- B60C23/04—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre
- B60C23/0408—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver
- B60C23/0422—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver characterised by the type of signal transmission means
- B60C23/0427—Near field transmission with inductive or capacitive coupling means
- B60C23/043—Near field transmission with inductive or capacitive coupling means using transformer type signal transducers, e.g. rotary transformers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
- G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
- G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C2200/00—Tyres specially adapted for particular applications
- B60C2200/02—Tyres specially adapted for particular applications for aircrafts
Abstract
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04816823A EP1663675B1 (en) | 2003-08-25 | 2004-08-24 | A wireless tire pressure and/or wheel speed sensing system for aircraft |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/647,487 US7202778B2 (en) | 2003-08-25 | 2003-08-25 | Wireless tire pressure sensing system |
US10/647,487 | 2003-08-25 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005043264A2 WO2005043264A2 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
WO2005043264A3 true WO2005043264A3 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
Family
ID=34216514
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2004/027443 WO2005043264A2 (en) | 2003-08-25 | 2004-08-24 | A wireless tire pressure and/or wheel speed sensing system for aircraft |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7202778B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP2236320B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005043264A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (46)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8032659B2 (en) * | 2003-01-21 | 2011-10-04 | Nextio Inc. | Method and apparatus for a shared I/O network interface controller |
US7202778B2 (en) * | 2003-08-25 | 2007-04-10 | Rosemount Aerospace Inc. | Wireless tire pressure sensing system |
WO2005027998A2 (en) * | 2003-09-16 | 2005-03-31 | Cardiomems, Inc. | Implantable wireless sensor |
US20060287602A1 (en) * | 2005-06-21 | 2006-12-21 | Cardiomems, Inc. | Implantable wireless sensor for in vivo pressure measurement |
US7245117B1 (en) | 2004-11-01 | 2007-07-17 | Cardiomems, Inc. | Communicating with implanted wireless sensor |
US8026729B2 (en) | 2003-09-16 | 2011-09-27 | Cardiomems, Inc. | System and apparatus for in-vivo assessment of relative position of an implant |
US20070182530A1 (en) * | 2004-03-01 | 2007-08-09 | Ekkehard Pilz | Power and data transmission device |
JP2006142856A (en) * | 2004-11-16 | 2006-06-08 | Alps Electric Co Ltd | Tire information detection device |
CA2599965C (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2014-05-06 | Cardiomems, Inc. | Communicating with an implanted wireless sensor |
TWI266486B (en) * | 2005-06-08 | 2006-11-11 | Via Tech Inc | Cyclic pipeline analog to digital converter |
WO2007002185A2 (en) | 2005-06-21 | 2007-01-04 | Cardiomems, Inc. | Method of manufacturing implantable wireless sensor for in vivo pressure measurement |
JP2007096363A (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-04-12 | Tdk Corp | Monopole antenna |
FR2894055B1 (en) * | 2005-11-29 | 2008-02-08 | Messier Bugatti Sa | END EQUIPMENT OF AXLE OF VEHICLE, IN PARTICULAR AIRCRAFT. |
FR2899870B1 (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2008-07-04 | Messier Bugatti Sa | END EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLE AXLE, IN PARTICULAR AIRCRAFT |
ATE422427T1 (en) * | 2005-11-29 | 2009-02-15 | Messier Bugatti | FINAL ARRANGEMENT OF A VEHICLE AXLE, ESPECIALLY FOR AIRCRAFT |
US7377168B2 (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2008-05-27 | Honeywell International Inc. | Wireless sensor antenna configuration |
JP4856423B2 (en) * | 2005-12-27 | 2012-01-18 | 太平洋工業株式会社 | Tire information communication system |
US20080018424A1 (en) * | 2006-07-10 | 2008-01-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Inductive sensor |
US7948380B2 (en) * | 2006-09-06 | 2011-05-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Spatially distributed remote sensor |
NL1033148C2 (en) * | 2006-12-29 | 2008-07-01 | Univ Delft Tech | Electric measuring device, method and computer program product. |
DE102007030356A1 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-02 | Tech21 Gmbh | Registration unit for the detection of input signals caused by mechanical effects on them and methods for measuring value acquisition and signal processing |
FR2918606B1 (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2009-10-09 | Michelin Soc Tech | DEVICE FOR MONITORING A PHYSICAL STATE PARAMETER OF A TIRE USING A FREELY MOBILE SENSOR |
US20090192667A1 (en) * | 2007-08-01 | 2009-07-30 | Eldec Corporation | Tire monitoring system |
US9614377B2 (en) | 2008-03-21 | 2017-04-04 | Eldec Corporation | Aircraft tire pressure sensor resonant loop link |
US8519869B2 (en) | 2008-03-21 | 2013-08-27 | Eldec Corporation | Aircraft tire pressure loop link |
CA2719294C (en) * | 2008-03-21 | 2016-08-23 | Eldec Corporation | Aircraft tire pressure loop link |
US8215162B2 (en) | 2009-07-27 | 2012-07-10 | Eldec Corporation | Focused field antenna for passive RFID tire pressure sensor transponder |
ITTO20091060A1 (en) | 2009-12-30 | 2011-06-30 | Telecom Italia Spa | SYSTEM AND METHOD OF ENERGY TRANSFER WITHOUT WIRES FOR POWERING AN ELECTRIC LOAD |
CN104540691B (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2018-03-02 | 爱尔戴克公司 | Aero tyre pressure circuit link |
US9354635B2 (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2016-05-31 | Textron Innovations Inc. | Takeoff/landing touchdown protection management system |
US9381779B2 (en) * | 2012-07-09 | 2016-07-05 | Meggitt (Orange County), Inc. | System and method for thermal mitigation for tire pressure measurement electronics |
US9794346B2 (en) | 2012-12-11 | 2017-10-17 | The Boeing Company | Monitoring systems of a vehicle by generating and transmitting customized information messages to wireless networked computers |
TW201442891A (en) * | 2013-05-06 | 2014-11-16 | Cub Elecparts Inc | Magnetic transmission type tire pressure sensor, setting tool and setting method |
US20150284108A1 (en) * | 2014-04-07 | 2015-10-08 | Goodrich Corporation | Nose wheel tire pressure sensing system and apparatus |
US9707807B2 (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2017-07-18 | Goodrich Corporation | Pinless inductive connector assembly |
JP6550458B2 (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2019-07-24 | エルデック・コーポレーション | Aircraft tire pressure sensor resonant loop link |
US10308352B2 (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2019-06-04 | Borealis Technical Limited | Monitoring system for aircraft drive wheel system |
US9757995B2 (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2017-09-12 | Goodrich Corporation | Hub cap data repeater circuit |
US9457627B1 (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2016-10-04 | Goodrich Corporation | Handheld interrogation and display for remote sensors |
GB2550174A (en) | 2016-05-11 | 2017-11-15 | Airbus Operations Ltd | Tyre deflection monitoring |
KR102601737B1 (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2023-11-10 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | wireless power receiving apparatus and wireless power transmission system |
GB2575974A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2020-02-05 | Airbus Operations Ltd | Aircraft landing |
CN110588257A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-12-20 | 西安航空制动科技有限公司 | Separated tire pressure sensor |
CN112706566B (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2022-01-04 | 南京航空航天大学 | Love wave sensor-based aircraft tire pressure monitoring system and monitoring method |
CN115447324B (en) * | 2022-11-03 | 2023-01-17 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Tire temperature detection system and method |
CN117104528B (en) * | 2023-10-19 | 2024-01-23 | 四川腾盾科技有限公司 | Front three-point unmanned aerial vehicle flying off-ground positioning device and test flight calculation method thereof |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2065896A (en) * | 1979-12-19 | 1981-07-01 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Apparatus for Continuously Monitoring the Air Pressure in Vehicle Tyres |
JPS63306905A (en) * | 1987-06-10 | 1988-12-14 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Tire air pressure detector |
DE19922707A1 (en) * | 1998-05-15 | 2000-01-27 | Algonquin Scient Llc | Tire pressure monitoring |
DE19853135A1 (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2000-05-25 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Appliance and method for wireless measurement of tire pressures monitors resonance frequency of LC circuit in capacitive pressure sensor to determine pressure |
WO2003038447A2 (en) * | 2001-10-31 | 2003-05-08 | Johnson Controls Automotive Electronics | Method and system for measuring rotational speed of a motor vehicle wheels |
Family Cites Families (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2274557A (en) | 1940-07-10 | 1942-02-24 | Morgan Raymond | Electric gauge |
US3662335A (en) * | 1969-10-08 | 1972-05-09 | Kurt Fritze | Device for road vehicles for the wireless transmission of at least one measured value of a rotating wheel to an indicating instrument |
US3723966A (en) * | 1970-09-14 | 1973-03-27 | Bendix Corp | Interrogating tire pressure indicator |
FR2212245B1 (en) | 1972-12-30 | 1976-11-19 | Toyo Tire & Rubber Co | |
US3911434A (en) | 1973-02-12 | 1975-10-07 | Tele Sensors Inc | Data transmission system employing a harmonic transponder including means for varying phase in response to surrounding conditions |
JPS5548355B2 (en) * | 1973-11-28 | 1980-12-05 | ||
JPS5115949U (en) | 1974-07-12 | 1976-02-05 | ||
US4074227A (en) | 1974-11-15 | 1978-02-14 | Kalmus Henry P | Tire pressure indicator |
US4409586A (en) | 1981-05-26 | 1983-10-11 | Hochstein Peter A | Tire condition monitor converter |
US4389884A (en) | 1981-06-15 | 1983-06-28 | Gianluigi Agulia | Remote tire pressure indicator |
US4588978A (en) | 1984-06-21 | 1986-05-13 | Transensory Devices, Inc. | Remote switch-sensing system |
US4717905A (en) * | 1985-05-24 | 1988-01-05 | Roger W. Vernon | Warning system including means for remotely energizing condition sensing device |
US4953393A (en) | 1986-07-04 | 1990-09-04 | Philip Elliot Galasko | Transducer |
US5260683A (en) * | 1990-04-05 | 1993-11-09 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Tire pressure detecting apparatus for vehicle |
US5274355A (en) | 1992-02-05 | 1993-12-28 | Louis Galan | System for monitoring pressure and temperature of pneumatic tires on a moving vehicle |
US5542118A (en) | 1992-02-18 | 1996-07-30 | Warnagiris; Thomas J. | Induction field coupled transmission system incorporating a passive transmitter |
US6748797B2 (en) | 2000-09-08 | 2004-06-15 | Automotive Technologies International Inc. | Method and apparatus for monitoring tires |
US5227798A (en) | 1992-06-24 | 1993-07-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Passive transmitting sensor |
US5515041A (en) | 1993-06-14 | 1996-05-07 | Simmonds Precision Products Inc. | Composite shaft monitoring system |
EP0901417B1 (en) * | 1996-05-29 | 2002-02-27 | IQ-Mobil Electronics GmbH | Device for wireless transmission from moving parts |
DE19649277A1 (en) | 1996-11-28 | 1998-06-04 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Vehicle integrated tyre air-pressure monitoring arrangement |
US6362732B1 (en) | 1997-01-15 | 2002-03-26 | Algonquin Scientific Llc | Tire pressure sensing system |
GR1003470B (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 2000-11-03 | Device indicating the safety limits of the air pressure in the pneumatic types of a vehicle | |
WO2000047429A1 (en) * | 1999-02-11 | 2000-08-17 | Emtop Limited | Signal transmission in a tire pressure sensing system |
FR2794065B1 (en) | 1999-05-28 | 2001-06-22 | Sagem | SECURE TIRE PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM |
US6591671B2 (en) | 1999-08-16 | 2003-07-15 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Monitoring pneumatic tire conditions |
EP1307709B1 (en) * | 2000-08-02 | 2009-04-15 | Continental Teves AG & Co. oHG | Active magnetic field sensor, use thereof, method and device |
US20020092347A1 (en) * | 2001-01-17 | 2002-07-18 | Niekerk Jan Van | Radio frequency identification tag tire inflation pressure monitoring and location determining method and apparatus |
US6741169B2 (en) | 2001-07-06 | 2004-05-25 | Trw Inc. | Tire tread integrity monitoring system and method |
US6759952B2 (en) | 2001-07-06 | 2004-07-06 | Trw Inc. | Tire and suspension warning and monitoring system |
US7202778B2 (en) * | 2003-08-25 | 2007-04-10 | Rosemount Aerospace Inc. | Wireless tire pressure sensing system |
-
2003
- 2003-08-25 US US10/647,487 patent/US7202778B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-08-24 EP EP10006328A patent/EP2236320B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-08-24 WO PCT/US2004/027443 patent/WO2005043264A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-08-24 EP EP04816823A patent/EP1663675B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-07-27 US US11/190,404 patent/US7397353B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2065896A (en) * | 1979-12-19 | 1981-07-01 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Apparatus for Continuously Monitoring the Air Pressure in Vehicle Tyres |
JPS63306905A (en) * | 1987-06-10 | 1988-12-14 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Tire air pressure detector |
DE19922707A1 (en) * | 1998-05-15 | 2000-01-27 | Algonquin Scient Llc | Tire pressure monitoring |
DE19853135A1 (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2000-05-25 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Appliance and method for wireless measurement of tire pressures monitors resonance frequency of LC circuit in capacitive pressure sensor to determine pressure |
WO2003038447A2 (en) * | 2001-10-31 | 2003-05-08 | Johnson Controls Automotive Electronics | Method and system for measuring rotational speed of a motor vehicle wheels |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 013, no. 143 (M - 811) 7 April 1989 (1989-04-07) * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1663675A2 (en) | 2006-06-07 |
WO2005043264A2 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
EP1663675B1 (en) | 2011-07-27 |
EP2236320A1 (en) | 2010-10-06 |
US20050264406A1 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
US7202778B2 (en) | 2007-04-10 |
EP2236320B1 (en) | 2011-11-23 |
US20050046558A1 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
US7397353B2 (en) | 2008-07-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2005043264A3 (en) | A wireless tire pressure and/or wheel speed sensing system for aircraft | |
WO2001025817A3 (en) | System for determining item orientation and identification | |
WO2004072653A3 (en) | Sensing apparatus and method | |
DE60110234D1 (en) | INTEGRATED HYBRID GOODS MONITORING LABEL | |
WO2007092832A3 (en) | Wireless sensing system using open-circuit, electrically-conductive spiral-trace sensor | |
WO2007008431A3 (en) | A networked multiband waveguide intrusion detection and localization sensor | |
US20110300801A1 (en) | Radio receiver and transmitter circuits and methods | |
KR101149248B1 (en) | Improvements in tyre data monitoring systems | |
WO2005001744A3 (en) | System and method for supporting multiple reader-tag configurations using multi-mode radio frequency tag | |
WO2003003412A3 (en) | Inductive signature measurement circuit | |
EP0825419A3 (en) | Object orientation sensor device and method | |
WO2007139665A3 (en) | Rfid tag with programmable read range | |
ATE223815T1 (en) | ACTIVE TRANSPONDER WITH INTEGRATED CIRCUIT AND METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING PARAMETERS OF VEHICLE TIRES | |
WO2008116991A3 (en) | Optimum control of the resonant frequency of a resonator in a radio frequency ignition system | |
JP5142993B2 (en) | Device for counting the rotation of an object in a reference and method for controlling such a device | |
WO2005052619A3 (en) | Frequency detection system comprising circuitry for adjusting the resonance frequency of a high temperature superconductor self-resonant coil | |
WO2002039137A3 (en) | System for monitoring tyres of a vehicle comprising a device automatically locating wheel transmitters | |
DE602004024669D1 (en) | ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEM | |
CN105469006B (en) | A kind of electronic tag awakening method, device and electronic tag | |
US20030156067A1 (en) | Apparatus for transmitting and/or receiving data, tire for a motor vehicle, transmitting and/or receiving device and system for the wireless transmission of data | |
CN105252972A (en) | Automobile tire monitoring system and low-power-consumption alarming method thereof | |
SG143950A1 (en) | Adaptable multi-band antenna system | |
EP1839911A3 (en) | Tire information detecting system | |
WO2003077364A3 (en) | Antenna system for a transponder radio-frequency reading device | |
WO2002057097A3 (en) | Tire inflation pressure monitoring and location determining method and apparatus |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2004816823 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2004816823 Country of ref document: EP |