WO2005052418A2 - A seismic safety valve and valve actuator - Google Patents

Abstract

A safety valve is positioned in supply plumbing that supplies a fluid medium such as natural gas to a point of view structure such as a home. A mechanical actuator is provided remote from the safety valve but mechanically connected to the safety valve. This allows the actuator to be positioned, for example, directly in the point of view structure, avoiding the need for separate bracing for the valve. The valve can be provided with a tee fitting or can be a separate gate valve. The mechanical actuator can be actuated by seismic disturbance, manually, or by activation by remote sensor or home security system.

Description

A SEISMIC SAFETY VALVE AND VALVE ACTUATOR

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to prior Provisional Application Serial No. 60/523,320, filed November 20, 2003.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present application relates to seismic safety valves and a valve actuator therefor. In particular, it relates to valves used to shutoff the supply of gas to a structure in the event of an earthquake and how such valves are actuated.

State of the Prior Art Various devices have been known in the prior art for shutting off gas systems in the event of a seismic disturbance. For example, U.S. Patents 4,311,171, 4,565,208, and 4,475,565 all illustrate different types of valves designed to shutoff the flow of gas in the event of a seismic disturbance. Applicant's own prior valves and systems include those in U.S. Patents 4,903,720, 5,119,841, 5,409,031, 6,085,772 and 6,705,340. These different patents address various concerns with respect to shutting off the flow of natural gas to a point of use in the event of a seismic disturbance. These patents also recognize that other disturbances might be appropriate in triggering the shutoff of gas. They have in common the concept of shutting off the flow of gas exterior to the point of use structure. For example, the shutoff valve may be positioned at or near the gas meter on the exterior of the point of use structure. The present inventor has recognized, however, that in some prior valve installations that are currently on the market, a number of problems exist. For example, in prior valves, the sensor mechanism that detects seismic activity to trigger the shutoff of the valve is incorporated with the valve itself. This then requires the valve to be level. It further requires the valve itself to be braced to the structure, i.e. to be directly fixed with the structure that is the point of use, for proper sensing of the seismic activity. This requires rigid bracing to be provided, which increases the likelihood of the piping breaking before the valve in the event of seismic activity. The labor cost is thus high in the installation of the valve. Prior art valves also require additional fittings to be installed, are not adaptable to "smart" controls, and are limited to the earthquake market only. Further, they will not work with water. The meter usually needs to be displaced for the installation, and the valve structure itself often results in poor flow of the gas. Additionally, the present inventor has recognized that the prior art valves do not have such desirable features as a manual shutoff. They also lack a positive "off; in other words, the valve can reset by itself after shutting off. The status indicators of the prior art valves also tend to be hard to read, and there tend to be too many false triggers of the valve.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the object of the present invention is to provide a seismic safety valve and an actuator for the valve that addresses the above problems recognized with the prior art. In particular, the objects of the invention are to reduce cost, reduce installation time, and reduce the amount of space required for the installation. A particular object of the invention is to provide a valve arrangement in which bracing will not be required, as with the prior art. Further objects of the invention are to ensure a full flow of gas through the valve, to make the valve adaptable to smart controls and thus more usable with different types of systems on the market, and to have the valve work for water. Further objects of the present invention are to provide a valve arrangement that can be readily expanded to different sizes for different types of installations, to provide a valve with an easy to read status indicator, which can have a remote status option, and to provide a valve in which positive shutoff of the valve results so that the valve will not reset by itself. The above obj ects according to the present invention are achieved by a valve arrangement in which a safety valve is located in supply plumbing used for supplying a fluid medium to a point of use structure. A mechanical actuator to actuate the safety valve is mechanically connected to the safety valve and located remotely from the safety valve. The mechanical actuator is preferably fixed to the point of use structure and connected to the safety valve by a flexible cable. The valve is spring biased toward a closed position but held in an open position by the flexible cable. The mechanical actuator holds the cable in a retracted position which corresponds to the open position of the safety valve, and can be actuated to release the cable so that the safety valve closes. The supply plumbing can include a tee, with the safety valve located in the tee. The tee has three openings, and the valve is mounted in one of the openings, with an inlet and an outlet for the fluid being formed by the other two of the openings. The valve member is held in an open position by the mechanical actuator, and a spring biases the valve member toward a closed position in which the outlet is closed off from the inlet. An actuator housing is connected to the tee opening, with a valve member being mounted at an interior end of the actuated housing and the spring being housed within the actuator housing, the flexible cable being connected to the valve member. The supply plumbing could alternatively be two supply pipes with respective pipe ends between which the safety valve is provided. In this instance, the safety valve preferably comprises a gate valve. The gate valve includes a gate valve housing and a gate in the housing held in the open position by the mechanical actuator and a spring biasing the gate toward the closed position, in which position the two supply pipes are closed off from each other. The gate valve housing has an inner seal and an outer seal surrounding a fluid flow passage. The gate is slidable between the seals to a position in which the fluid flow passage is closed. According to a particularly advantageous aspect of the present invention, the gate valve housing is connected to the two supply pipes by respective connection arrangements each comprising a union nut threaded to the gate valve housing, an insert that engages the union nut and threads on the supply pipes engaging the respective inserts. Each union nut is threaded to the gate valve housing and a gate valve housing side of the union nut, and has a flange that engages an insert flange on the insert on a supply pipe side of the union nut. The insert is threaded to the tlireads of the pipe on a gate valve housing side of the insert. This an^*angement minimizes the space between the ends of the respective supply pipes by reducing the amount of space taken up by the connections. The mechanical actuator comprises a cable holder that is operable to hold the flexible cable in a valve open position and a cable release mechanism that is operable to release the cable holder from holding the flexible cable in the open position so as to allow the safety valve to close. The cable holder is preferably a movable member that is held by a detent so as to hold the flexible cable in the valve open position. The cable release mechanism is operable to release the movable member from being held by the detent. The detent comprises a detent member that is held in place by a lever to hold the movable member. The cable release mechanism comprises a releasable latch that is operable first to hold the lever in place so as to hold the movable member, and second to release the lever. The cable release mechanism preferably includes a sensor and a latch release that is operable to release the latch in response to activation of the sensor. A manual off trigger is also preferably provided in order to manually operate the latch and close the safety valve. The manual trigger is connected with a solenoid coil so that it can also be remotely operable in response to an electronic signal. The sensor preferably comprises a ball movable in response to seismic activity and a flapper that is activated in response to movement of the ball so as to engage and release the latch. The movable member preferably has a cam member which can engage and reset the flapper and the ball upon movement of the movable member after it is released from being held by the detent. The detent member can comprise a locking lever that engages with the locking surface of a housing of the mechanical actuator. Alternatively, the detent member can be a protrusion on the lever that engages with a locking surface of a housing of the mechanical actuator. As a further alternative, the detent member can include a ball that is held in place by the lever so as to hold the movable member by engagement with a fixed part of the mechanical actuator. The mechanical actuator also preferably has a reset handle that is connected with the movable member and is operable to reset the movable member so as to be held by the detent. This pulls the valve member against its bias with the flexible cable to the valve open position. Preferably the movable member is a rotatable hub and the reset handle is connected with this hub. According to a further preferred feature of the invention, the reset handle preferably has an off or on indicator on it, is rotatable with the hub, and covers the other of the off or on indicator in one of its set positions, i.e. either the closed position or the open position, so as to be able to indicate the status of the valve. According to the above invention, by having the mechanical actuator remote from the safety valve itself, the safety valve does not need to be braced with respect to the point of use structure. This reduces the installation time, and eliminates the necessity for bracing. For example, the actuator housing can be directly mounted on the point of use structure without the need for any bracing and without the need for the installation time required for such additional bracing. By either using the service tee for the valve, or by using a gate valve which takes up a very small amount of space, the amount of space required for the valve can be reduced. Further, by either using the service tee or the gate valve which does not change the direction of flow or reduce the flow passage, a full flow of gas is ensured through the valve. The valve is adaptable to "smart" controls by being responsive to an outside electronic signal to shutoff, even though the valve itself is basically mechanical. This allows the valve to be used with more modern integrated control and security systems for homes and other structures. Further, the mechanical actuator according to the present invention can be used together with safety valves of various sizes. That is, the actuator itself is not dependent upon the size of the valve that is used with it. The present invention further provides an easy to read status indicator. The valve according to the invention also provides a positive off position that will not reset by itself^" in view of the biasing of the valve member to the closed position and the holding of the mechanical actuator in such position until positively reset.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The above and further aspects of the present invention will become clear from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention, taken in conj unction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a safety valve and valve actuator employing a "tee valve"; Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 with a cover of the valve actuator removed; Fig. 3 is a view similar to Figs. 1 and 2 showing the inside of the valve and the valve actuator in an un-triggered valve ON position; Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 illustrating the triggering of the valve actuator; Fig.5 is a view similar to Figs.3 and 4 illustrating the valve and valve actuator in trie valve closed position; Fig. 6 is a view of the valve actuator in the valve ON un-triggered position; Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 6 showing manual triggering of the valve actuator; Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 3 but illustrating a gate valve alternative; Fig. 9 is a view similar to Fig. 2 illustrating the gate valve in the OFF position; Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the gate valve and its connection to adjacent pipes; Fig. 11 is an exploded perspective view of a com ector arrangement for connecting a gate valve housing to the end of a pipe; Fig. 11 A is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A of Fig. 1 IB of the assembled connector arrangement; Fig. 1 IB is an end view of the assembled connector arrangement; Fig. 11C is a perspective view of the assembled connector arrangement; Fig. 12 illustrates an alternative for a release mechanism of the first embodiment in a valve open position; Fig. 13 illustrates the release mechanism of Fig. 12 in a triggered position; Fig. 14 illustrates another alternative to the release mechanism of the first embodiment; Fig. 15 illustrates the release mechanism of Fig. 14 in the triggered position; Fig. 16 is a schematic view of a ball detent member for purposes offeree analysis; Fig. 17 is a schematic view of a latch and lever for purposes of feree analysis; Fig. 18 is a schematic view of a latch, lever, detent and stop for purposes of force analysis; Fig. 19 is similar to Fig. 18 and illustrates an angular modification to the latch; Fig.20 is a schematic view illustrating the forces on a release mechanism according to the first embodiment; Fig. 21 is a schematic view of a portion of the latch and lever according to the first embodiment; Fig. 22 is an exploded view of a gate valve according to the present invention; Fig. 23 is an exploded perspective view of the valve actuator according to the present invention; Fig.24 is an exploded perspective view of a sensor and release mechanism according to the first embodiment; Fig. 25 is a side view, partly in cross-section, of a release mechanism similar to the alternative of Fig. 12; Fig. 26 shows the release mechanism of Fig. 25 in a state immediately after activation; Fig 27 is aperspective view of a flapper mechanism of the release mechanism of Fig.25; Fig 28 is a plan view of a latch and lever used in the release mechanism of Fig. 25; Fig 29 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line F-F of Fig. 28; Fig 30 is a plan view of the release mechanism of Fig. 25 with the flapper removed; Fig. 31 is a side view of the release mechanism of Fig. 30; Fig.32 is a schematic illustration of atrigger arrangement for a switch in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention in an activated position; and Fig. 33 is an illustration of the embodiment of Fig. 32 in a reset position.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Fig. 1 generally illustrates a safety valve located in supply plumbing for supplying a fluid medium to a point of use structure and a mechanical actuator to actuate the safety valve. In this embodiment the safety valve is embodied in a "tee" which includes a gas inlet 11 and a gas outlet 12. As can be seen from Fig. 3, a housing 13 mounts the valve components to the tee 10. Turning back to Fig. 1, a mechanical actuator 17 is generally illustrated and is mechanically connected to the housing 13 but located remotely from the safety valve. As discussed above, this allows the mechanical actuator, for example, to be directly mounted on the structure so as to avoid the need for bracing, while allowing the valve to be mounted in the supply plumbing. This avoids the need for bracing the valve itself. The valve includes at least valve member or stopper 20 mounted with a piston 21 and biased by a spring 22 toward the outlet 12. A valve seal 19 is provided at the outlet to seal the valve closed when the stopper 20 is biased by the spring 22 into contact with the seal 19. Note the illustration of Fig. 5. The valve member 20 is restrained from closing the valve by a cable 23 that is connected with the mechanical actuator 17. The cable 23, as can be seen from Fig. 3, is connected to the valve member, extends through the housing 13, and through a tubing connector 14. Tubing 15 protects the cable between the housing 13 and the actuator 17, and connects with a further tubing connector 16 mounted on the actuator 17. The mechanical actuator 17 is adapted to be mounted to a point of use structure itself b , for example, directly mounting a base 25 of the actuator 17 to the housing by appropriate known means, such as bolts. This eliminates the need for bracing the valve structure as was required in the prior art. Current mechanical valves on the market require such bracing because their sensing means are located in the valve itself, and are not separate from the valve. The actuator 17, as can be seen from Fig. 1, provides a status viewer 17a for viewing the status of the valve (either ON or OFF). A status indicator-ON symbol is provided as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and a status indicator-OFF symbol 18a is uncovered so as to be illustrated through the status viewer 17a when the valve is actuated. By locating the shutoff valve in a standard tee fitting in accordance with this first embodiment, both installation and disassembly are made quick and simple. Installation of the valve becomes as easy as installing a standard tee fitting. The standard tee fitting can replace an existing elbow in a gas system, and eliminates the need for additional fittings as with prior art devices. As can be seen from Fig. 3, the valve itself provides no additional flow restriction beyond the presence of the tee itself. With the positive shutoff of the valve, there is no chance of the valve reopening by itself after actuation. The use of the valve with the standard tee fitting also allows for an extremely low internal leakage to be achieved within the valve, well below mandated standards. Noting Fig.2, the mechanical actuator includes a trigger housing 26 mounted on the base 25 and housing the components of the mechanical actuator. A trigger housing cover 26a covers these components, while a reset handle including the status indicator-ON is positioned outside of the trigger housing cover 26a. Turning now to Fig. 3, it can be seen that the cable 23 is connected with a rotor hub 27. The rotor hub 27 serves as a movable member which, upon triggering of the valve, is allowed to move while holding the cable 23. Reference number 28 indicates a handle connection for connecting the reset handle 50, but also points out the central rotational axis of the rotor hub 27. The cable 23 is connected to the rotor hub 27 by known means. In the position illustrated in Fig. 3, the rotor hub 27 is held in place, retracting the cable 23 and the stopper 20 against the force of spring 22. Thus, in the position of Fig. 3, the rotor hub 27 serving as a cable holder for cable 23 is biased to rotate in the clockwise direction by the force on the cable 23 from the spring 22. It is kept from rotating by a detent so as to hold the flexible cable 23 in the valve open position. In this embodiment, the detent comprises a locking ball 29 which engages between an edge of the rotor hub 27 and a locking plate 30 to prevent movement of the rotor hub 27. The locking ball 29 is held in place by the presence of two spacer balls 31 and 31a provided in a suitable channel in the rotor hub 27. The spacer balls are in turn held in place by the presence of lever 32. When the lever 32 releases the spacer balls 31 and 3 la as shown in Fig.4, the locking ball 29 can move to the left as seen in Fig. 4. An angle on locking plate 30 helps to ensure that the locking ball 29 will move toward the left, under the force generated from the rotor hub 27 being pulled by the cable 23. See also the discussion below. A cable release mechanism is operable to release the rotor hub 27. In this embodiment, the cable release mechanism releases the lever 22 from its position holding the spacer balls 31 and 3 la in place to allow movement of the locking ball 29 and thus movement of the rotor hub 27. Thus in this embodiment, the cable release mechanism includes a releasable latch which holds lever 32 in place and is operable to release the lever to allow movement of the rotor hub 27. The releasable latch is designated by reference number 34. As can be seen from Fig.4, when the latch 34 moves about latch pivot 35 to release lever 32, lever 32 rotates about lever pivot 33 against the force of return spring 32a due to the force applied by the spacer balls 31 and 31a through the force on the locking ball 29. The cable release mechanism further includes a sensor and a latch release that is operable to release the latch 34 in response to activation of the sensor. Interaction of the latch and the lever is discussed in further detail below with respect to the latch surface 36. Also note the discussion of the activation of the locking ball 29 with respect to the vertical force and the locking ball and the locking plate angle 30a in order to have the locking ball moved to the left. In this embodiment, the sensor is embodied by a flapper 38 which pivots on a flapper pivot 39 and carries a magnet or target 40. An inertia ball 41 is mounted on a pedestal 42. In the event of a seismic disturbance of a predetermined amount, the inertia ball 41 falls off of the pedestal 42 onto the flapper 38 to pivot the flapper 38 about the flapper pivot 39 into the position illustrated by Fig.4. In this position, the flapper magnet or target 40 engages with a magnet or target 37 on the latch 34 to release the lever 32. While the flapper arrangement is preferred in this embodiment, various sensor mechanisms and ways of releasing the rotor hub 27 will occur to those of skill in the art. For example, attention is directed to the various shutoff mechanisms illustrated in U.S. Patent 6,705,340, 6,085,772, 5,409,031, 5,119,841 and 4,903,720; each of these patents is incorporated herein by reference. Turning now to the comparison between Figs. 4 and 5, it can be seen that upon, for example, a seismic disturbance, the inertia ball 41 falls off of its pedestal 42 to engage the flapper 38. This causes the latch 34 to be released as shown in Fig. 4. This causes the lever 32 to be movable against its return spring by the force on the locking ball 29, allowing the rotor hub 27 to rotate in the clockwise direction. This allows the cable 23 to be pulled out of the housing 26 through the tubing 25 to allow the valve 20 to close against the seal 19. This is the condition illustrated in Fig. 5. Thus, a closed position of the valve results, shutting off the flow of gas between the inlet 11 and the outlet 12. During the period of rotation from the point illustrated in Fig.4 to that illustrated in Fig. 5, a cam surface 27a on rotor hub 27 engages with a flapper cam follower 38a to push the flapper 38 back to its original position, as shown in Fig. 5. This causes the inertia ball 41 to return to the pedestal 42. This condition is maintained during the closed position of the valve by the engagement of the flapper cam follower 38a with the outer surface 38b of the rotor hub 27. In other words, further seismic disturbance while the valve is closed will not cause the flapper 38 to return to its actuator position. Rather, it will remain ready for a re-actuation after the valve is reset. When the valve is actuated, as noted above, the reset handle 50 rotates with the rotor hub 27 to uncover the OFF indicator 18a as illustrated in Fig. 9, for example. The actuator 17 is reset by using the handle 50 after opening an outer cover on the actuator. The rotor hub 27 is simply rotated back in place by the handle 50 until the return spring 32a causes the lever 32 to push the spacer balls 31 and 31a against the locking ball 29 and into the position where it operates as a detent as shown in Fig. 6. A manual off button 51 is provided on top of the trigger housing 26 for purposes of manually activating the closure of the valve. A return spring 51a biases the manual off button into the position illustrated in Fig.6. The manual off button 51 is pushed against the bias of the return spring 51a to push down the flapper 38 to engage with the latch 34, for example by magnetic attraction between magnet or target 37 and magnet or target 40. A solenoid coil 53 is provided around a manual off pin 52 so that the manual off feature could in fact be remotely activated by activation of the solenoid coil 53. The button 51 is thus made of a material that can be attracted by magnetic force of the coil to move the push pin 52 to tip over the flapper 38. Such a solenoid coil could be remotely activated by interconnecting it with any number of features, including carbon monoxide gas sensors, home security systems, etc. Thus the valve system can be adapted to not only provide seismic shutoff, manual shutoff, but also shutoff in response to any number of emergency situations that might be involved at the point of use. Figs. 8-11 refer to a gate valve alternative to the tee valve illustrated in the first embodiment. While the valve, and its installation, is different, the mechanical actuator 17 is substantially the same, as can be seen for example from the illustration of Fig. 8. In this embodiment, a gate valve housing 60 has a fluid passageway 61 therethrough for the flow of gas between pipes 70. A gate 62 is biased by first and second gate springs 64 and 64a toward a closed position. Fig. 8 illustrates an open position in which the gate is held in the open position by cable 23 and actuator 17 in the same manner as discussed above. The cable 23 is connected to the gate 62 by a suitable cable gate connector 65. The springs 64 and 64a are comiected to the gate by spring gate connector 66 and connector pin 66a. In this embodiment, similar to the first embodiment, triggering of the actuator 17 causes the cable 23 to be allowed to move under the bias of the springs 64 and 64a so as to push the gate 62 into a closed position in which it cuts off the fluid passageway. This position is illustrated in Fig. 9. It should be pointed out that the gate 62 is supported and allowed to float between two seals 63. Also note Fig. 10. Seal retainers 63b include grooves 63a holding their respective seals 63. The housing provides a stop for the movement of the gate 62 in the closed position of the valve. The spring cylinder 67 in the gate valve housing 60 is formed for the expansion of the springs 64 and 64a, furthermore. As can be seen from Fig. 9, an end 62a of the gate 62 is forced into abutment with the housing 60 by the springs in the closed position through the action of the spring gate connector 66 with the gate 62. As can be best appreciated from Figs. 10 and 11-l lc, an advantageous aspect of the present invention is a connector arrangement which permits the gate to take up only a small amount of space in the installation, and allows it to be installed on the ends of pipes with relative ease. The gate valve, furthermore, could be used with gas or water as the fluid medium to be stopped. The connector arrangement includes union nuts 71 and inserts 72 for connection and engagement with the gate valve housing 60 and the ends of pipes 70. In the drawing figures, reference numbers 70a and 70b represent the pipe ends. The inserts 72 are threaded to the respective pipe ends at a gate housing side of the insert; i.e. the threads on the inserts are formed at the side thereof closest to the gate housing. They further include flanges as engagement portions for engaging with the union nuts 71 and 71a at a pipe side of the insert, i.e. at the side of the insert remote from the gate housing 60. The union nuts 71 and 71a then engage these respective flanges of the insert 72 and are threaded to corresponding gate housing union nut threads 60a on the gate valve housing 60. These threads on the union nuts are at the gate housing side thereof, while their flange engages the insert flange on the insert on the pipe side of the union nut. This arrangement, as can best be seen from Fig. 10, ensures that the amount of space necessary to mount the gate valve between the pipes ends 70a and 70b is minimized. In the drawings, note that reference numbers 71b and 72c represent upper and lower union nut seals for sealing between the insert, union nut and the gate housing, as illustrated. In other words, the pipes are threaded into the inserts so that the pipe ends are inside of the union nut, as opposed to being outside, as in normal union fittings. The ends of the pipes are thus closer together than with standard union fittings. In the second embodiment of the valve, it should be noted that the gate is only halfway supported. That is, as can be seen from Fig.9, the end of the gate forms a semicircle which serves to circumscribe half of the passageway. A complete hole in the plate is not provided. This allows the size of the valve to be reduced, because when the gate is fully closed, the end of the gate sticks out less than if the gate circumscribe the entirety of the passageway in the open position. This also reduces the corresponding amount of friction during movement of the gate. Fig. 9 also illustrates an optional plug 16a. This simply allows the cable 23 to extend through a different location. This may be desirable with an anangement in which a longer amount of displacement is desired, for example with larger valves. Plus it will be appreciated that the mechanical actuator can be used with valves of different sizes for different situations, thus expanding the flexibility of the actuator itself. Turning now to Figs. 12 and 13, a second alternative with respect to the actuator 17 is illustrated. As can be readily seen from the drawing figure, while the rotor hub 27, latch 34 and lever 32 remain essentially the same as with respect to the first embodiment, the detent is formed in a different manner. The rotor hub 27 is maintained in position by the action of a detent member engaging a portion on the housing, i.e. locking surface 82. This detent member comprises a locking lever 80 which forms a detent for engagement with the locking surface on a lower end thereof near locking lever pivot 81. Reference number 80a represents a lever contact point, at which point movement of the locking lever 80 is restrained by lever 32, similar to the manner in which the lever 32 restrains movement of the spacer balls in the first embodiment. The detent engagement point, i.e. locking surface 82, as can be seen from the figures, is very close to the pivot point 81 , and a significant mechanical advantage is provided. That is, a reduced amount of force is necessary to hold the locking lever 80 in place, holding the rotor hub 27 in place, because of the mechanical advantage. This is similar to the case with respect to the position of the contact point 80a with lever 32. Similar to the first embodiment, when the latch 34 is released, lever 32 is allowed to move against its return spring (not illustrated in these figures) to allow the force at locking surface 82 to push on locking lever 80 to allow the rotor hub 27 to rotate, allowing the valve to open. A second alternative is illustrated in Figs. 14 and 15 with respect to the actuator 17. Similar to the first alternative, in this arrangement the spacer balls are replaced with a lever as a detent. However, in this alternative, the lever 32 is entirely removed and substituted by a single locking lever 90 that is held in place by the latch 34. Locking lever detent or locking point 92 is formed adjacent locking lever pivot 91 to engage with the housing. This embodiment obviously reduces the number of moving parts necessary. Further, spring 94, as the return spring, can be provided with a spring return force which helps reduce the force on the latch 34 as well as acting as the return spring. Reference number 93 refers to a lever stop to prevent over rotation of the lever 90. In comparing the above two alternatives with respect to the actuator 17, it should be noted that using two levers instead of one as with the first alternative can provide a greater mechanical advantage, due to combining the leverage of both levers.

With respect to the first embodiment, which employs the locking ball 29, appropriate design for the proper operation of the embodiment can be determined in the following way. Given vertical force on the ball, Fn, due to spring load from valve that is transmitted by a cable, find the lateral force on the ball, Fx. Refer to Fig. 16, a schematic of ball, stop and cylinder. Fn is the input force from the spring, pulling on the cable with pulls the cylinder onto the ball. The vertical motion of the ball is resisted by the stop with is inclined at angle α. The angled stop provides a lateral force, Fx to the ball, but motion in this direction is resisted by friction of the ball against the cylinder, and is proportional to the coefficient of friction, μ ΣF in x direction and y direction = 0 at incipient motion, that is dx/dt = 0 & d²x/dt² = 0, implies that: 1. Fx > Ft if the ball is to move to the left. And 2. Fn = fy 3. but Ft = μ_! Fn 4. Fx = sin α Fr 5. Fr = Fy/cos α

Combining Eqs. 3 and 4 into 1, we get Eq. 6; sin α Fr > μ, Fn. Combining Eqs. 2 and 5 into eq. 6, we get Equ.7; μ_j < tan α. This is the condition necessary if the ball is to move. The coefficient of friction for steel on steel is typically between 0.25 and 0.35, depending on many factors, including contact stress, finish, lubricating materials, humidity and length of time the materials have been in contact. In order to be sure that the ball will move when the latch is raised, the tangent of the contact angle needs to have some reasonable margin above the highest expected coefficient of friction. Below is a table of angles and their tangents.

If assume an angle of 25 ° to be used to assure motion of the ball. Instead of an analysis of inequality to find the minimum angle to produce motion, the same equations can be used to find the actual force transmitted by the ball.

Fx = Fn (tan α - μ) Equ. 8

With respect to the first alternative, please note the following analysis with reference to Fig. 17, a schematic of the alternative. The lateral force, Fx, exerted by the ball that was calculated in the above analysis, tends to rotate the vertical lever CCW. The force exerted by the lever onto the latch at distance b above the pivot can be found by setting the sum of the moments about the pivot to zero.

b Fh = a Fx Equ. 9 If the coefficient of friction between the lever and the latch is μ₂, then the vertical force to raise the latch is:

Fy = μ_j Fh Equ. 10 Which leads to

Fy/Fn = ^ alb (tan α-μ^ Equ. 11

If a = .20, B = 1.00, μ₂ = .30, μ_t = 0.20 and α = 25 °, then

R = Fy/Fn = 0.16 = 1.6% IfFn = 20#, then Fy = 32#

A possible cost reduction change in this option is to use a smaller, say φ.094, ball or dowel pin to provide the stop, instead of the hard steel plate. The ball or dowel pin would be inserted into a pocket molded into the housing.

An analysis of the second alternative follows with reference to Fig. 18, a schematic of this alternative. This is a simpler design with just three parts to the schematic. The vertical lever is attached to the rotating hub. An extension off of the lever is restrained by a ledge on the main housing. The hub is rotated by the force applied by the valve spring, as in Option 1, however, now the force, Fn, is applied to the lever extension at distance b from the lever pivot.

Fy = μ₂ Fh . . . . Equ. 12 Fh = b/a Fn . . . . Equ. 13 So that:

Fy/Fn = μ₂ b/a Equ. 14

If b = 0.173; a = 1.899, μ₂ = 0.30, then R = Fy/Fn = 0.27 = 2.7%

Both designs could benefit from the addition of a slight angle to the lip of the latch. This is discussed with respect to Fig. 19, demonstrating an angular modification to the lip of the latch. All other forces and dimensions remain the same as with respect to Figure 18. Using the same kind of analysis, the force ratio for the is geometry is: R = Fy/Fn = b/a (^ - tan β) . . . . Equ. 15

When β = 10 ° , and all the other parameters are the same as before, R = .0113 = 1.13% so Fy = 0.225# when Fn ^**** 20#. Figs. 25-31 illustrate a preferred embodiment of a variation of the release mechanism of Fig. 12. In Fig. 25, a rotor hub 127 is illustrated with a front cover part thereof removed, and with certain parts shown in cross-section. Similar to the embodiment of Fig. 12, a locking lever 180 is used to hold the rotor hub 127 in a lock position against the force on a cable held by the rotor hub 127 in a manner similar to the previously-described embodiments. It is noted that parts not specifically described with respect to this embodiment are the same as with the previous embodiments, and the release mechanism according to this embodiment is employed in the same way as, for example, with respect to the embodiment of Fig. 12. Thus, a cable connected to the rotor hub 127 may be spring biased by, for example, a valve member toward a closed position of the valve, with the locking lever 180 engaging a housing (not shown) to hold the rotor hub 127 in the position illustrated in Fig. 25, similar to the operation of the embodiment of Fig. 12. Thus, when in a valve-open position, for example, or a lock position of the release mechanism of this embodiment, a locked force is applied at 153 as shown by the arrow, by engagement with the rotor hub housing. A lever 132, similar to the lever 32 of the embodiment of Fig. 12, engages an end of the locking lever 180 to hold the locking lever 180 in the locked position of the rotor hub 127. The overall arrangement allows for a mechanical advantage of approximately 25 to 1. The lever 132 pivots about pivot point 133, and is biased by the locking force 153, reduced as for example demonstrated by the arrow 154, to tend to move in the direction shown by the arrow to the left of lever 132. Thus, when the lever 132 is released, similar to the embodiment of Fig. 12, locking lever 180 will be forced to pivot by the force at 153, releasing the engagement of the rotor hub 127 with the surrounding housing and along the rotor hub 127 to rotate under the force of the cable applied to the rotor hub 127. Lever 132 is held in position by a latch 134. In accordance with this embodiment, the latch 134 is linearly (in this embodiment vertically) movable to release the lever 132. Note for example Fig. 29, showing the engagement of the latch 134 with the lever 132. A locking point 136 is the point at which a lever locking surface 139 of the lever 132 engages with the latch locking surface 138 of the latch 134. The latch 134 includes a magnet 135 fixed therein. Because the latch 134 can move vertically, attraction from above can cause the magnet 135 to pull the latch 134 in the vertically upward direction to release the leverl32, allowing it to pivot as explained above. When the rotor hub 127 is rotated in the counterclockwise direction to reset the release mechanism, for example a spring, as with the embodiment of Fig. 12, causes the lever 132 to pivot clockwise and engage an angle surface 140 to push the latch 134 upward to allow the lever 130 to return to the position of Fig. 29 and re-latch. A steel pin 137 is attracted to the magnet 135, and thus helps to hold the latch 134 in the engaged position with the lever 132. Turning back to Fig. 25, a ball 41 is illustrated in a position after it has fallen from its pedestal and moves slightly downward so as to begin the clockwise movement of the flapper 148 about a pivot 149. In other words, after, for example, a seismic event has caused the ball 41 to fall off its pedestal, the ball has fallen toward the right to cause a change in the force balance about pivot 149. This causes the flapper 148 as a whole to rotate clockwise. With this movement, a magnet or steel member 144 as part of the flapper 148 is moved to the position as illustrated in Fig. 26. In the position shown in Fig. 26, the magnet 144 attracts the magnet 135 of the latch 134, causing the latch 134 to slide upwardly and away from the lever 132. The latch 134 slides by way of latch guides 134a (perhaps most easily appreciated from Fig. 30). The upward sliding movement of the latch 134, as noted above, causes the latch locking surface 138 and the lever locking surface 139 to disengage from each other. The force at 153 causes the locking lever 180 to push the lever 132 in the counterclockwise direction as shown in Fig. 26. This allows the rotor hub 127 as a whole to be released and to move in the clockwise direction. After, for example, the seismic disturbance is over and it has been determined that the release mechanism may be reset, the rotor hub 127 is rotated counter-clockwise to its original position, also causing the flapper 148 to rotate back to its set position and resetting the ball 41 on its pedestal, as will be explained in more detail below. The flapper 148 is further illustrated in Fig. 27. Reference number 150 indicates the pedestal in this embodiment. In this embodiment, a counterweight 142 acts as a weight on one side about the pivot point 149, while the ball 41 , on its pedestal 150, is already on the other side of the pivot lever 149. A sloped surface 151 is provided adjacent the pedestal so that, when the ball 41 falls from the pedestal 150, the ball falls down the sloping surface 159 to a point where its weight will overcome the weight of the counterweight 142 to cause rotation of the flapper 148.

The retaining wall 152, which is only partially illustrated in Fig.27, surrounds the area in which the ball 41 is contained. It is constructed so that there is sufficient space for the ball 41 to come completely off of the pedestal 150; in other words, sufficient space is provided to the side ofpedestal 150 sothatiftheball41 only partially leaves the pedestal 150, it will not cause the ball to be deflected to the sloping surface 151 to cause triggering. Upon actuation, as the rotor hub 127 rotates from the position of Fig. 26, a flapper cam follower 148a on the flapper 148 encounters a flapper cam 148b on the rotor hub 127. Note for example Fig. 31, illustrating the flapper cam on a front rotor hub part 127a. This causes the flapper to be returned toward the position illustrated in Fig. 25. As the rotor hub 127 is rotated counterclockwise to reset the rotor hub 127 in the locked position, the flapper cam follower 148a rides on the flapper cam 148b to maintain this position, and as can be seen from Fig. 31, the flapper cam 148b increases in radius to cause a bump of the flapper cam follower 148a to ensure sufficient tilt of the flapper 148 to cause the ball 41 to reset on the pedestal 150. Further, in the set or reset position (illustrated in Fig.25, for example, except for the position of the ball 41) the left-hand part of the flapper 148 engages the rotor hub 127 to maintain its position. Note point 155 at the position of the counterweight 142 as shown in Fig. 25. This point 155 engages with a surface of the rotor 127 so that the flapper 148 rests on the outer part of the hub, ensuring the reset position. This ensures the proper reset position in which the sloped surface 151 of the flapper 148 in fact slopes downward, ensuring that when a sufficient seismic activity, for example, causes the inertia ball 41 to leave its pedestal, it will roll in the proper direction to cause rotation of the flapper 148. It is noted that the magnet 144 of the flapper 148 may simply be a steel plate to be attracted to the magnet 135 of the latch 134. Obviously the attraction between magnet 135 and steel plate 144 is greater than the attraction between steel pin 137 and magnet 135, and sufficient to ensure vertically upward movement of the latch 134 to release the lever 132. As noted above, the latch guides 134a are better illustrated by Fig.30, the view taken from above. Providing corresponding guides and projections on either sides, in different number (one set 134a shown on the lower side and two sets 134a shown on the upper side) ensures that during assembly, the latch 134 will be turned the correct way when inserted into the rotor hub 127. A particular advantage of the arrangement of the embodiment of Figs. 25-31 is that it permits a large number of the components to be molded from plastic. That is, this arrangement requires less strict tolerances than some of the other embodiments discussed herein, allowing for the components to be less precisely made, for example, by molding from plastic. In particular, the vertically sliding latch 134 for the lever 132 allows for less stringent tolerances than might be required with the latches of the previously-described embodiments. The release mechanism according to the present invention has been described above particularly with respect to the activation of the closure of a valve upon detection of seismic activity, for example. However, the release mechanism according to the present invention can be applied in other contexts. For example, the rotor hub 27 or 127 of the above-described embodiments could be employed together with the cable 23 to actuate the opening of a circuit breaker to shutoff electricity upon the detection of, for example, a seismic event. Figs. 32 and 33 schematically illustrate how this might be accomplished. In Figs. 32 and 33, reference number 222 represents a switch or circuit breaker having a movable component such as a handle. Fig.33 illustrates the "set" position in which the rotor hub is held in locked position. Fig. 32 represents the position in which the release mechanism will trigger 227 has been actuated. A spring 228, upon actuation, forces the opening, for example, of the switch or circuit breaker 222 by the force of the spring 228 being sufficient to pull the lever or handle from the position of Fig. 33 to the position of Fig. 32. Also illustrated in the figures, as part of the cable mechanism, is a tolerance spring 223. The tolerance spring 223 is a spring which is stronger than the spring 228. Upon actuation from the position of Fig.33 , the cable, with the spring 223 , has been released by the trigger 227. Thus, neither the cable nor the spring 223 prevent the spring 228 from pulling the lever toward the left hand position of Fig. 32. However, upon reset from the position of Fig. 32, rotation of the rotor hub, for example, in the counterclockwise direction causes the cable to be pulled in toward the trigger 227 to cause the movement of the lever toward the right hand side as illustrated in Fig.33. Because the spring 223 is stronger than the spring 228, the cable still overcomes the force of the spring 228 biasing the lever toward the left hand side. However, as the lever reaches its end position as shown in Fig. 33, as its re-set position, at the same time, the rotor hub 127, for example is reaching its own re-set position. Because the rotor hub 127 may have to rotate slightly past the locked position to ensure that the rotor hub 127 is properly reset, the spring 223 allows for slight continued movement of the rotor hub 127 in the counterclockwise direction, without further movement of the lever of the switch 222. While the tolerance spring 223 may not be needed as part of the cable mechanism connecting the trigger 227 to the lever of the switch 222, its presence is useful, because it allows for manufacturing to be made easier. That is, less stringent tolerances are required with the presence of the tolerance spring 223. The invention discussed above presents, including with respect to the various alternatives, a new approach to ensuring the inexpensive and reliable installation of safety valves at point of use structures. The actuator according to the present invention provides a standardized trigger which can work with valves of different sizes, for example from 3/4 inch valves to 6 inch valves. The actuator and trigger is easily mounted on the point of use structure without requiring any bracing. The remotely positioned valve, provided in the supply pipes or plumbing, is quickly and easily installed without requiring separate leveling or other bracing to the structure. The valve is easily reset without requiring separate tools. Further, a separate manual shutoff is provided which can also be adapted to remote control in response to, for example, a heat sensor for fire detection. Various modifications of the above-described embodiments will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Any and all such modifications should be considered within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

I CLAIM: 1. A valve arrangement comprising: a safety valve located in supply plumbing for supplying a fluid medium to a point of use structure; and a mechanical actuator to actuate said safety valve, said mechanical actuator being mechanically connected to said safety valve and located remotely from said safety valve.

2. The valve arrangement of claim 1 , wherein said mechanical actuator is adapted to be fixed to the point of use structure.

3. The valve arrangement of claim 2, wherein said mechanical actuator is com ected to said safety valve by a flexible cable.

4. The valve arrangement of claim 1 , wherein said mechanical actuator is connected to said safety valve by a flexible cable.

5. The valve arrangement of claim 4, wherein said safety valve is biased toward a closed position in which said supply plumbing is closed to flow of the fluid medium and held in an open position by said flexible cable.

6. The valve arrangement of claim 5, wherein said mechanical actuator holds said cable in a retracted position corresponding to said open position of said safety valve and can be actuated to release said cable such that said safety valve closes.

7. The valve arrangement of claim 1 , wherein said supply plumbing comprises a tee and said safety valve is located in said tee.

8. The valve arrangement of claim 7, wherein said tee comprises three openings wherein said safety valve is mounted in one of said three openings and an inlet and an outlet are formed by the other two of said three openings.

9. The valve an-angement of claim 8, wherein said safety valve comprises a valve member held in an open position by said mechanical actuator and a spring biasing said valve member toward a closed position in which said outlet is closed off from fluid communication with said inlet.

10. The valve arrangement of claim 9, wherein said safety valve comprises a housing comiected to said one of said three openings, said valve member being mounted at an interior end of said housing and said spring being housed withing said housing, and said mechanical actuator is connected to said valve member by a flexible cable.

11. The valve arrangement of claim 1 , wherein said supply plumbing comprises two supply pipes and said safety valve comprises a gate valve mounted between said supply pipes.

12. The valve arrangement of claim 11, wherein said safety valve comprises a gate valve housing mounted between said two supply pipes and a gate mounted in said gate valve housing and held in an open position by said mechanical actuator and a spring biasing said gate toward a closed position in which said two supply pipes are closed off from each other.

13. The valve arrangement of claim 12, wherein said gate valve housing has an inner seal and an outer seal mounted therein and surrounding a fluid flow passage and said gate is slidable between said inner seal and said outer seal to a position in which said gate closes said fluid flow passage in said closed position.

14. The valve arrangement of claim 12, wherein said gate valve housing is connected to said two supply pipes by respective connection arrangements, wherein at least one of said connection arrangements comprises a union nut threaded to said gate valve housing, an insert engaging said union nut and threads on one of said two supply pipes engaging with said insert.

15. The valve arrangement of claim 14, wherein said union nut is threaded to said gate valve housing at a gate valve housing side thereof and has a flange engaging an insert flange on said insert on a supply pipe side of said union nut, and said insert is threaded to said threads of the one of said two supply pipes on a gate valve housing side of said insert, in order to minimize the space between an end of the one of said two supply pipes and said gate valve housing.

16. The valve arrangement of claim 4, wherein said mechanical actuator comprises a cable holder operable to hold said flexible cable in a valve open position and a cable release mechanism operable to release said cable holder from holding said flexible cable in the valve open position to allow said safety valve to close.

17. The valve arrangement of claim 16, wherein said safety valve comprises a valve member that has a bias toward a closed position said valve member is held in an open position against the bias by said flexible cable being held in the valve open position.

18. The valve arrangement of claim 17, wherein said cable holder comprises a movable member that is held by a detent to hold said flexible cable in the valve open position and said cable release mechanism is operable to release said movable member from being held by said detent.

19. The valve arrangement of claim 18, wherein said detent comprises a detent member held in place by a lever to hold said movable member and said cable release mechanism comprises a releasable latch operable to hold said lever in place to hold said movable member and to release said lever.

20. The valve arrangement of claim 19, wherein said cable release mechanism further comprises a sensor and a latch release that is operable to release said latch in response to activation of said sensor.

21. The valve arrangement of claim 20, wherein said cable release mechanism further comprises a manual off trigger that is manually operable to release said latch and close said safety valve.

22. The valve arrangement of claim 21 , wherein said manual trigger is connected with a solenoid coil so as to be remotely operable in response to electronic signals.

23. The valve arrangement of claim 20, wherein said sensor comprises a ball movable in response to seismic activity and wherein a flapper is activated in response to movement of said ball to engage and release said latch.

24. The valve an'angement of claim 23, wherein said movable member comprises a cam member that engages and resets said flapper and said ball upon movement of said movable member after being released from being held by said detent.

25. The valve arrangement of claim 19, wherein said detent member comprises a locking lever that engages with a locking surface of a housing of said mechanical actuator.

26. The valve arrangement of claim 19, wherein said detent member a protrusion on said lever that engages with a locking surface of a housing of said mechanical actuator.

27. The valve arrangement of clam 19, wherein said detent member comprises a ball held in place by said lever to hold said movable member by engagement with a fixed part of said mechanical actuator.

28. The valve arrangement of claim 18, wherein said mechanical actuator comprises a reset handle connected with said movable member operable to reset said movable member to be held by said detent, thus pulling said valve member against its bias with said flexible cable to the valve open position.

29. The valve arrangement of claim 28, wherein said movable member is a rotatable hub and said reset handle is connected with said hub.

30. The valve arrangement of claim 29, wherein said reset handle has one of an off indicator and an on indicator thereon, is rotatable with said hub and covers the other of the off indicator and the on indicator in one of the closed position and the open position of the valve member.

31. A gate valve for mounting between pipe ends, comprising: a gate valve housing having a fluid flow passage for connection with the pipe ends and gate movable between an open position in which the fluid flow passage is open and a closed position in which said two supply pipes are closed off from each other; and first and second connection arrangements for connecting said gate valve housing with the pipe ends to communicate said fluid flow passage with the pipe ends; wherein at least one of said connection arrangements comprises a union nut threaded to said gate valve housing, an insert engaging said union nut and threads on the insert for engaging one of the pipe ends.

32. The gate valve of claim 31 , wherein said gate valve housing has an inner seal and an outer seal mounted therein and surrounding said fluid flow passage and said gate is slidable between said inner seal and said outer seal to a position in which said gate closes said fluid flow passage in said closed position.

33. The gate valve of claim 31 , wherein said union nut is threaded to said gate valve housing at a gate valve housing side thereof and has a flange engaging an insert flange on said insert on a pipe side of said union nut, and said insert has said threads on a gate valve housing side of said insert, in order to minimize the space between the pipe end and said gate valve housing.

34. The gate valve of claim 31, wherein each of said connection arrangements comprises a union nut threaded to said gate valve housing, an insert engaging said union nut and threads on the insert for engaging one of the pipe ends.

35. The gate valve of claim 34, wherein, for each of said connection arrangements, said union nut is threaded to said gate valve housing at a gate valve housing side thereof and has a flange engaging an insert flange on said insert on a pipe side of said union nut, and said insert has said threads on a gate valve housing side of said insert, in order to minimize the space between the pipe end and said gate valve housing.

36. A release mechanism, comprising: a rotor rotatably mounted in a rotor housing; a first lever pivotally mounted on said rotor to be pivotal between a locking position and a release state; a second lever pivotally mounted on said rotor to be pivotal between a latched position and a release state, wherein said first lever engages said second lever to hold said first lever in said locking position when said second lever is in said latched position; and a latch operable to hold said second lever in said latched position and to release said second lever.

37. The release mechanism of claim 36, wherein: said first lever has a proximal end, at which said first lever is pivotally mounted to said rotor, and a distal end; said first lever has a locking point adjacent to said proximal end; said locking point engages said rotor housing when said rotor is in a set position and said first lever is in said locking position, whereby said rotor can be held in position in said rotor housing.

38. The release mechanism of claim 37, wherein said distal end of said first lever engages said second lever.

39. The release mechanism of claim 38, wherein said second lever has aproximal end at which said second lever is pivotally mounted to said rotor and a distal end, said distal end of said first lever engaging said second lever adjacent to said proximal end of said second lever.

40. The release mechanism of claim 39, wherein said latch is operably engaged with said distal end of said second lever.

41. The release mechanism of claim 36, wherein said latch comprises a linearly movable member movable between an engagement position, at which said latch is operable to hold said second lever in said latched position, and a release position to release said second lever.

42. The release mechanism of claim 41, wherein said linearly movable member is slidably mounted in said rotor.

43. The release mechanism of claim 41, wherein said latch comprises a magnetic member such that said linearly movable member can be moved from said engagement position by magnetic force.

44. The release mechanism of claim 43, wherein said second lever comprises a steel component magnetically attracted by said magnetic member of said latch such that magnetic attraction can assist resetting of said linearly movable member to said engagement position.

45. The release mechanism of claim 43, and further comprising a flapper pivotally mounted with respect to said rotor housing, said flapper having a steel component that can be moved in to proximity to said magnetic member by pivoting of said flapper such that magnetic force between said steel component and said magnetic member can cause said linearly movable member of said latch to move from said engagement position to release said second lever.

46. The release mechanism of claim 45, wherein said flapper comprises: a flapper body mounted on a pivot; a counterweight on one side of said pivot; a pedestal on another side of said pivot; a sloping surface sloping downwardly from said pedestal and away from said pivot on the other side of said pivot in a set position of said flapper; and an inertia ball movable from said pedestal to said sloping surface in reaction to predetermined movement of said flapper, said inertial ball having sufficient weight such that when said inertial ball leaves said pedestal, moves to said sloping surface and reaches an activation position due to said sloping surface, said flapper is caused to pivot.

47. The release mechanism of claim 46, wherein said flapper body has a rest on a bottom part thereof for maintaining a set position of said flapper by engagement with said rotor and a cam follower on a bottom part thereof for resetting of said flapper by engagement with a flapper cam surface on said rotor.

48. The release mechanism of claim 36, wherein at least said rotor and rotor housing are molded of plastic material.

49. The release mechanism of claim 48, wherein said rotor, said rotor housing, said first lever, said second lever and said latch are each, at least in part, molded of plastic material.

50. A flapper, comprising: a flapper body mounted on a pivot; a counterweight on one side of said pivot; a pedestal on another side of said pivot; a sloping surface sloping downwardly from said pedestal and away from said pivot on the other side of said pivot in a set position of said flapper; and an inertia ball movable from said pedestal to said sloping surface in reaction to predetermined movement of said flapper, said inertial ball having sufficient weight such that when said inertial ball leaves said pedestal, moves to said sloping surface and reaches an activation position due to said sloping surface, said flapper is caused to pivot.

51. The flapper of claim 50, wherein said flapper body has a member made of magnetic material therein.

52. The flapper of claim 50, wherein said flapper further comprises a retaining wall surrounding said pedestal and said sloping surface and positioned to allow said inertial ball to completely leave said pedestal before engagement with said retaining wall in a direction toward said sloping surface.

53. The flapper of claim 50, wherein said retaining wall has an angled surface enabling resetting of said inertial ball on said pedestal.

54. The flapper of claim 50, wherein said flapper body has a rest on a bottom part thereof for maintaining a set position of said flapper and a cam follower on a bottom part thereof for resetting of said flapper.

55. A seismic safety arrangement comprising: a utility shut off device in a utility supply to a point of use structure; and a mechanical actuator to actuate said utility shut off device, said mechanical actuator being mechanically connected to said utility shut off device and located remotely from said utility shut off device.

56. The seismic safety arrangement of claim 55 , wherein said mechanical actuator is connected to said utility shut off device by a flexible cable.

57. The seismic safety arrangement of claim 56, wherein said utility shut off device is spring biased to a shut off position by an activating spring and held in an operation position by said flexible cable of said mechanical actuator.

58. The seismic safety arrangement of claim 57, wherein said mechanical actuator is a trigger operable to trigger shut off of said utility shut off device by releasing a holding position of said flexible cable.

59. The seismic safety arrangement of claim 58 , wherein said utility shut off device is an electrical switch located in an electrical supply line to the point of use structure.

60. The seismic safety arrangement of claim 59, wherein said flexible cable has a tolerance spring therein, said tolerance spring being stronger than said activation spring.

61. The seismic safety arrangement of claim 58, wherein said utility shut off device is a safety valve located in supply plumbing for supplying a fluid medium to the point of use structure.