WO2005059964B1 - Current-mode driver - Google Patents

Current-mode driver

Info

Publication number
WO2005059964B1
WO2005059964B1 PCT/US2004/041912 US2004041912W WO2005059964B1 WO 2005059964 B1 WO2005059964 B1 WO 2005059964B1 US 2004041912 W US2004041912 W US 2004041912W WO 2005059964 B1 WO2005059964 B1 WO 2005059964B1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
current
inverter
switching
lamp
coupled
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2004/041912
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2005059964A3 (en
WO2005059964A2 (en
Inventor
Newton E Ball
Original Assignee
Microsemi Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
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Application filed by Microsemi Corp filed Critical Microsemi Corp
Publication of WO2005059964A2 publication Critical patent/WO2005059964A2/en
Publication of WO2005059964A3 publication Critical patent/WO2005059964A3/en
Publication of WO2005059964B1 publication Critical patent/WO2005059964B1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/282—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices
    • H05B41/2825—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices by means of a bridge converter in the final stage
    • H05B41/2828—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices by means of a bridge converter in the final stage using control circuits for the switching elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/37—Converter circuits
    • H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
    • H05B45/382—Switched mode power supply [SMPS] with galvanic isolation between input and output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/37—Converter circuits
    • H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
    • H05B45/39—Circuits containing inverter bridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/40—Details of LED load circuits
    • H05B45/44—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix
    • H05B45/48—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix having LEDs organised in strings and incorporating parallel shunting devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y02B20/30—Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S315/00—Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
    • Y10S315/04—Dimming circuit for fluorescent lamps

Abstract

An efficient and flexible current-mode driver delivers power to one or more light sources in a backlight system. In one application, the current-mode driver (306, 308) is configured as an inverter with an input current regulator, a non-resonant polarity-switching network, and a closely-coupled output transformer. The input current regulator can output a regulated current source in a variety of programmable wave shapes. The current-mode driver may further include a rectifier circuit (320, 322, 324, 326) and a second polarity-switching network between the closely-coupled output transformer (310) and a lamp load (312). In another application, the current-mode driver delivers power to a plurality of light sources in substantially one polarity by providing a regulated current to a network of time-sharing semiconductor switches coupled in series with different light sources coupled across each semiconductor switch.

Claims

AMENDED CLAIMS [received by the International Bureau on 20 October 2005 (20.10.2005); original claims 1-79 replaced by amended claims 1-78 (10pages)]
WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. A current-mode inverter comprising: a current regulator configured to accept a DC voltage and to output a regulated current; a non-resonant switching network configured to produce an AC driving current by periodically alternating conduction paths for the regulated current; and a closely-coupled output transformer configured to conduct the AC driving current in a primary winding and a corresponding load current in a secondary winding, wherein the closely-coupled output transformer has a magnetization inductance to leakage inductance ratio that is greater than 30:1.
2. The current-mode inverter of Claim 1, wherein the load current has a substantially identical wave shape as the AC driving current.
3. The current-mode inverter of Claim 2, wherein the amplitude of the load current is proportional to the amplitude of the AC driving current. '
4. The current-mode inverter of Claim 1, further comprising a feedback circuit coupled to the non-resonant switching network on the primary side of the closely-coupled output transformer to sense the AC driving current and to generate a feedback signal for the current regulator.
5. The current-mode inverter of Claim 1, wherein the current regulator is a switching current regulator using hysteretic pulse width modulation, a switching current regulator using clocked pulsed width modulation or a linear current regulator.
6. The current-mode inverter of Claim 1, wherein the non-resonant switching network uses a push-pull topology with semiconductor switches coupled to respective opposite ends of the primary winding and the regulated current applied to a center tap of the primary winding.
7. The current-mode inverter of Claim 2, wherein the non-resonant switching network uses a full-bridge topology.
8. The current-mode inverter of Claim 7, wherein the full-bridge topology comprises a pair of p-type semiconductor switches coupled between an output of the regulated current and respective opposite terminals of the primary winding and a pair of n- type semiconductor switches coupled between the respective opposite terminals of the primary winding and the feedback circuit. 35
9. The current-mode inverter of Claim 1, wherein semiconductor switches in the non-resonant switching network are closed to conduct a predetermined idle current when the load current is substantially zero.
10. The current-mode inverter of Claim 1 , wherein a fluorescent lamp is coupled across the secondary winding, and the voltage across the secondary winding automatically increases to ignite the fluorescent lamp.
11. A method to operate an inverter in current mode, the method comprising the steps of: converting an input power source into a regulated current; periodically alternating conduction paths for the regulated current using a non-resonant switching structure to generate an AC current source; and coupling the AC current source to a lamp load with an output transformer, wherein the output transformer is a tightly-coupled transformer with a magnetization inductance to leakage inductance ratio that is greater than 30:1.
12. The method of Claim 11, further comprising sensing the AC current source to generate a feedback signal for controlling brightness of the lamp load.
13. The method of Claim 11, wherein the lamp load comprises a plurality of cold cathode fluorescent lamps coupled in series across a secondary winding of the output transformer.
14. The method of Claim 11, wherein the lamp load comprises a plurality of balancing transformers with primary windings coupled to different lamps to form parallel primary winding-lamp combinations across a secondary winding of the output transformer, and wherein secondary windings of the balancing transformers are coupled in series to form a closed loop.
15. The method of Claim 11 , wherein the lamp load comprises one or more light sources for backlighting a liquid crystal display.
16. The method of Claim 11, wherein the inverter operates in a single continuous mode for striking and regulating power to the lamp load.
17. The method of Claim 11, wherein semiconductor switches in the non- resonant switching structure are closed to stop generating the AC current source if the lamp load is off, missing or faulty.
36
18. A current-mode inverter comprising: means for generating a regulated current source; means for periodically alternating conduction paths for the regulated current source with non-resonant switching to generate an AC driving current; and means for coupling the AC driving current to a lamp structure, wherein the means for coupling has a magnetization inductance to leakage inductance ratio that is greater than 30:1, and wherein the lamp structure conducts a lamp current with a substantially identical wave shape and proportional amplitude as the AC driving current.
19. The current-mode inverter of Claim 18, wherein the lamp structure includes one or more fluorescent lamps used for backlighting a liquid crystal television, a desk top monitor, an automotive display, a notebook computer or a tablet computer.
20. The current-mode inverter of Claim 18, wherein the non-resonant switching is implemented by metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors.
21. The current-mode inverter of Claim 18, wherein light intensity of the lamp structure is controlled by a combination of adjusting duty cycles or burst mode durations of the regulated current source and duty cycles or burst mode durations of the AC driving current.
22. The current-mode inverter of Claim 18, further comprising means for sensing the AC driving current to control brightness of the lamp structure by adjusting the regulated current source.
23. A multi-stage switching inverter comprising: a first switching stage configured to periodically couple an input current through a primary winding of a transformer in alternating sense to generate a primary AC driving current, wherein a secondary winding of the transformer conducts a secondary AC driving current with a proportional amplitude and a relatively high AC voltage; a rectifier circuit coupled across the secondary winding to generate a relatively high voltage and substantially DC current source; and a second switching stage coupled between the outputs of the rectifier circuit and inputs of a lamp load, wherein the semiconductor switches in the second switching stage are directly coupled to the lamp load and alternately conduct to generate an AC lamp current through the lamp load.
24. The multi-stage switching inverter of Claim 23, wherein the first switching stage is arranged in a push-pull configuration with the input current provided to a center tap of the transformer and a pair of semiconductor switches coupled to respective ends of the primary winding.
25. The multi-stage switching inverter of Claim 23, wherein the first switching stage is arranged in a full-bridge configuration.
26. The multi-stage switching inverter of Claim 25, wherein the full-bridge configuration comprises a pair of p-type transistors coupled between the input current and respective ends of the primary winding and a pair of n-type transistors coupled between the respective ends of the primary winding and a reference terminal.
27. The multi-stage switching inverter of Claim 23, wherein the rectifier circuit is a full-wave bridge rectifier comprising of at least four diodes.
28. The multi-stage switching inverter of Claim 23, wherein the rectifier circuit is a pair of half-wave voltage doublers, each of the half- wave voltage doublers comprising two diodes and two capacitors.
29. The multi-stage switching inverter of Claim 23, wherein the rectifier circuit is a pair of half- ave voltage doublers, each of the half- ave voltage doublers comprising two diodes and one capacitor.
30. The multi-stage switching inverter of Claim 23, wherein the second switching stage comprises a plurality of semiconductor transistors arranged in a full-bridge topology to periodically alternate conduction paths for the relatively high voltage and substantially DC current source through the lamp load to generate the AC lamp current.
31. The multi-stage switching inverter of Claim 23, wherein the operating frequency of the first switching stage is higher than the operating frequency of the second switching stage.
32. The multi-stage switching inverter of Claim 23, wherein the first switching stage and the second switching stage use non-resonant circuits.
33. The multi-stage switching inverter of Claim 23, wherein a ground reference is connected to one terminal of the secondary winding, one of the outputs of the rectifier circuit, or one of the inputs of the lamp load.
38
34. A method to drive a lamp using at least two switching stages, the method comprising the acts of: operating a first switching stage at relatively high frequency to produce a relatively high voltage AC current source, wherein the first switching stage is coupled to a primary winding of a transformer and the relatively high voltage AC current source is generated in a secondary winding of the transformer; rectifying the relatively high voltage AC current source to a relatively high voltage DC current source; and operating a second switching stage at relatively low frequency to generate an AC lamp current through a lamp load, wherein the second switching stage is directly coupled across the lamp load.
35. The method of Claim 34, wherein the range of the relatively high frequency for the first switching stage is 100 kilohertz to 4 Megahertz.
36. The method of Claim 34, wherein the range of relatively low frequency for the second switching stage is 100 hertz to 4 kilohertz.
37. The method of Claim 34, wherein the first switching stage operates at approximately 2 Megahertz and the second switching stage operates at approximately 400 hertz.
38. The method of Claim 34, further comprising supplying a substantially DC input current to the first switching stage.
39. The method of Claim 34, further comprising grounding one terminal of the secondary winding to provide balanced connections to the lamp load.
40. The method of Claim 34, wherein the peak voltage of the relatively high voltage DC current source is approximately four times the peak voltage of the relatively high voltage AC current source.
41. A multi-stage switching inverter comprising: means for generating a relatively high voltage AC current from a substantially DC current source, wherein the frequency of the relatively high voltage AC current is in a first range of frequencies; means for generating a relatively high voltage and substantially DC current from the relatively high voltage AC current; and
39 means for directly coupling the relatively high voltage and substantially DC current across a lamp load in alternating sense to produce an AC lamp current through the lamp load, wherein the frequency of the AC lamp current is in a second range of frequencies that is lower than the first range of frequencies.
42. The multi-stage switching inverter of Claim 41, wherein the first range of frequencies is 100 kilohertz to 4 Megahertz.
43. The multi-stage switching inverter of Claim 41, wherein the second range of frequencies is 100 hertz to 4 kilohertz.
44. The multi-stage switching inverter of Claim 41, wherein the lamp load comprises a plurality of cold cathode fluorescent lamps.
45. A controller for a current-mode inverter comprising: a clock generator configured to output a periodic timing waveform; a current profile generator configured to produce a profile signal in a programmable waveform shape defined by at least a capacitor and two input control signals, wherein the profile signal is provided to a current regulator to generate a regulated current with the programmed waveform shape; and a register state machine configured to control the operations of the current profile generator with reference to the periodic timing waveform.
46. The controller of Claim 45, wherein the frequency of the periodic timing waveform is determined by a resistor and a capacitor.
47. The controller of Claim 45, further comprising an attenuation circuit coupled between an output of the current profile generator and an input of the current regulator to reduce the amplitude range of the profile signal for comparison with a feedback signal.
48. The controller of Claim 45, further comprising a hysteretic pulse width modulation circuit configured to generate a control signal to the current regulator based on a comparison of the profile signal to a feedback signal representative of a load current.
49. The controller of Claim 45, wherein the regulated current is coupled to a fluorescent lamp using a non-resonant inverter, and the two input control signals to the current profile generator are independently adjustable to vary the brightness of the fluorescent lamp.
40
50. The controller of Claim 49, further comprising a pulse width modulation circuit configured to generate polarity switching signals for semiconductor switches in the non-resonant inverter with reference to the periodic timing waveform.
51. The controller of Claim 50, further comprising a fault processor configured to output a fault signal to shut down the pulse width modulation circuit upon detecting faulty conditions in the fluorescent lamp or in the non-resonant inverter, wherein the pulse width modulation circuit configures the polarity switching signals keep the semiconductor switches on continuously in response to the fault signal.
52. The controller of Claim 45, wherein the register state machine cycles through four states corresponding to zero, rising edges, plateaus, and falling edges of the profile signal.
53. A method to generate a current profile for a current regulator in a current- mode inverter, the method comprising the acts of: periodically setting the current profile to a reference level, wherein the period is determined by a periodic triangular waveform; comparing a first control input signal to the periodic triangular waveform to determine an active duration of the current profile in each period, wherein the current profile increases at a programmable rising rate and a capacitor starts charging at about the beginning of the active duration; holding the current profile at a substantially constant level when the voltage across the capacitor is about equal to or above a predefined holding threshold, wherein the voltage of the periodic triangular waveform is noted at about the time the voltage across the capacitor crosses the predefined holding threshold and the capacitor stops charging; reducing the level of the current profile at a programmable falling rate and discharging the capacitor when the voltage of the periodic triangular waveform is approximately less than the noted voltage, wherein the current profile returns to the reference level by the end of the active duration.
54. The method of Claim 53, wherein the reference level is zero.
55. The method of Claim 53, wherein the current-mode inverter drives at least one fluorescent lamp and two substantially identical cycles of the current profile are generated for every cycle of current flowing through the fluorescent lamp.
41
56. The method of Claim 53, wherein the current profile pulse- idth is determined by the first control input signal, and the current profile amplitude is determined by the predefined holding threshold.
57. The method of Claim 53, wherein the current profile is a periodic square waveform with rise and fall times of less than one microsecond.
58. The method of Claim 53, wherein the current profile is a periodic trapezoidal waveform with rise and fall times that are greater than one microsecond.
59. The method of Claim 53, wherein the current profile is a periodic trapezoidal waveform that is substantially identical to the periodic triangular waveform with its amplitude clipped at substantially 2/3 of the peak amplitude of the periodic triangular waveform.
60. The method of Claim 59, further comprising filtering the current profile to generate a sinusoidal waveform.
61. A controller for a current-mode inverter comprising: means for generating a periodic timing signal; means for defining a rising slope, a plateau, and a falling slope of a current profile signal with a capacitor and two input control signals, wherein the current profile signal determines the wave shape of a regulated current source; and means for generating a pair of substantially identical wave shapes for every two cycles of the periodic timing signal.
62. The inverter with a current-mode controller of Claim 61, further comprising a switching network that operates synchronously with the periodic timing signal to periodically alternate conduction paths for the regulated current source to produce an AC driving current.
63. The inverter with a current-mode controller of Claim 61, further comprising means for adding pre-emphasis to the current profile signal by providing an upslope to the plateau to compensate for magnetizing current in a transformer of the inverter.
64. The inverter with current-mode controller of Claim 61, further comprising means for adjusting amplitude range of the current profile signal to match amplitude range of a feedback signal.
42
65. A multi-load time sharing driver comprising: a current source configured to provide a regulated current; a network of semiconductor switches coupled in series; and a plurality of light sources in a backlight system, each light source associated with a semiconductor switch, wherein the semiconductor switch selectively opens to allow the associated light source to conduct the regulated current.
66. The multi-load time sharing driver of Claim 65, wherein the plurality of light sources backlight a liquid crystal display and the semiconductor switches periodically close in sequential order to minimize backlight in portions of the liquid crystal display that are currently updating display images.
67. The multi-load time sharing driver of Claim 65, wherein the semiconductor switches are opened during different time intervals within a period to provide the regulated current to different sets of loads.
68. The multi-load time sharing driver of Claim 67, wherein the time intervals for different semiconductor switches partially overlap.
69. The multi-load time sharing driver of Claim 67, wherein the different time intervals do not overlap.
70. The multi-load time sharing driver of Claim 65, wherein the semiconductor switches are controlled by a pulse width modulator circuit, and the regulated current is greater than the operating currents of the respective light sources by predetermined percentages corresponding to decreased duty cycles in the open durations of the respective semiconductor switches.
71. The multi-load time sharing driver of Claim 65, wherein each light source comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes connected in series to form a row in an array of light emitting diodes in the backlight system.
72. The multi-load time sharing driver of Claim 71, wherein the light emitting diodes conduct currents that are 1.33 times of their rated currents at 75% duty cycles.
73. A method to selectively power one or more light sources in a backlight system using a single power source, the method comprising the acts of: generating a regulated current; coupling the regulated current to a plurality of semiconductor switches connected in series;
43 coupling a different light source across each of the semiconductor switches; and selectively opening the semiconductor switches to provide power to the respective light sources.
74. The method of Claim 73, wherein the plurality of semiconductor switches are periodically opened to provide power to all of the light sources, and the opened semiconductor switches are closed one at a time in sequential order.
75. The method of Claim 74, wherein the light sources are rows of light emitting diodes in the backlight system of a liquid crystal display, and the sequential closure of the semiconductor switches is synchronized with a vertical sweep of the liquid crystal display to minimize motion artifact in the liquid crystal display.
76. The method of Claim 73, wherein the semiconductor switches operate in a make-before-break action with overlapping switch closures.
77. A multi-load time sharing driver comprising: means for generating a regulated current; and means for using a string of semiconductor switches to selectively provide the regulated current to different portions of an array of light emitting diodes in a backlight system.
78. The multi-load time sharing driver of Claim 77, wherein the light emitting diodes are coupled in series, each semiconductor switch is coupled across a different group of series-connected light emitting diodes corresponding to a different row in the array, and the semiconductor switches are logically controlled to selectively short circuit the different groups of series-connected light emitting diodes for dimming.
44
PCT/US2004/041912 2003-12-16 2004-12-14 Current-mode driver WO2005059964A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US53002503P 2003-12-16 2003-12-16
US60/530,025 2003-12-16

Publications (3)

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WO2005059964A2 WO2005059964A2 (en) 2005-06-30
WO2005059964A3 WO2005059964A3 (en) 2005-11-10
WO2005059964B1 true WO2005059964B1 (en) 2005-12-29

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US (4) US7183724B2 (en)
TW (1) TWI308848B (en)
WO (1) WO2005059964A2 (en)

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US7183724B2 (en) 2007-02-27
TW200524481A (en) 2005-07-16
WO2005059964A3 (en) 2005-11-10
US20050156539A1 (en) 2005-07-21
US7187140B2 (en) 2007-03-06
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US20050156536A1 (en) 2005-07-21
US20050156540A1 (en) 2005-07-21
US7265499B2 (en) 2007-09-04
US20050162098A1 (en) 2005-07-28
WO2005059964A2 (en) 2005-06-30

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