WO2005113638A1 - ポリカーボネート樹脂およびこれを用いた電子写真感光体 - Google Patents
ポリカーボネート樹脂およびこれを用いた電子写真感光体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005113638A1 WO2005113638A1 PCT/JP2005/009179 JP2005009179W WO2005113638A1 WO 2005113638 A1 WO2005113638 A1 WO 2005113638A1 JP 2005009179 W JP2005009179 W JP 2005009179W WO 2005113638 A1 WO2005113638 A1 WO 2005113638A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G64/18—Block or graft polymers
- C08G64/186—Block or graft polymers containing polysiloxane sequences
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G64/18—Block or graft polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G64/40—Post-polymerisation treatment
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
- G03G5/0528—Macromolecular bonding materials
- G03G5/0557—Macromolecular bonding materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsatured bonds
- G03G5/0564—Polycarbonates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
- G03G5/0528—Macromolecular bonding materials
- G03G5/0557—Macromolecular bonding materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsatured bonds
- G03G5/0578—Polycondensates comprising silicon atoms in the main chain
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polycarbonate resin having a specific structure introduced therein and an electrophotographic photoreceptor using the polycarbonate resin for a photosensitive layer. More specifically, the present invention achieves a chemically stable and low surface energy.
- the present invention relates to a polycarbonate resin which can be used, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor using this polycarbonate resin, which has good cleaning properties, slipperiness and abrasion resistance and can be suitably used in various electrophotographic fields.
- Polycarbonate resin is used as a material in various fields such as optical materials such as optical films, optical discs and lenses, and housings for electrical equipment, etc., but with the expansion of application fields, its performance has been further improved.
- the development of polycarbonate resin is desired.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer provided on a conductive substrate, as a photosensitive layer, at least a charge generation layer (CGL) that generates charges by exposure and a charge transport layer (CTL) that transports charges.
- CGL charge generation layer
- CTL charge transport layer
- a laminated organic electrophotographic photoreceptor having two layers of: a photosensitive layer is composed of a single layer in which a charge generating substance and a charge transporting substance are dispersed in a binder resin; A single-layer type organic electrophotographic photoreceptor having a single layer dispersed in fat has been proposed and used. Furthermore, in order to improve the durability of the electrophotographic photoreceptor and to achieve high image quality, an OPC in which fine particles of polytetrafluoroethylene are dispersed in the photosensitive layer or an overcoat layer is provided on the uppermost layer of the photosensitive layer. Has also been put to practical use (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).
- the organic electrophotographic photoreceptor is required to have predetermined sensitivity, electrical characteristics, and optical characteristics according to the applied electrophotographic process.
- operations such as corona charging, contact charging using a roll or brush, toner development, transfer to paper, and cleaning treatment are repeatedly performed on the surface of the photosensitive layer.
- an electrical or mechanical external force is applied. Therefore, in order to maintain the image quality of the electrophotography over a long period of time, the photosensitive layer provided on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor must be provided with these extra components.
- Durability against force is required. Specifically, it is required to have durability against surface abrasion and scratches due to friction, corona charging and contact charging, surface deterioration due to active gas such as ozone during transfer, and discharge.
- a binder resin for an organic electrophotographic photoreceptor a polycarbonate resin having good compatibility with a charge transporting material used in a light-sensitive layer and excellent optical properties has been used. That is, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenol) propane [bisphenol A] and 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane [bisphenol Z] are examples of the polycarbonate resin. Raw materials have been used. However, even a polycarbonate resin made from bisphenol A or bisphenol Z is not sufficient to satisfy the above requirements.
- an electrophotographic photosensitive member containing a polycarbonate resin copolymerized with siloxane has been studied (for example, see Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3).
- the copolymers disclosed in these publications are bonded via a chemically unstable Si—O—C bond, so that the mechanical properties are degraded due to molecular chain scission, and a silanol group is present at the molecular end.
- copolymer polycarbonate resins joined by chemically stable Si—C bonds have been proposed (for example, see Patent Documents 4 and 5).
- the photoreceptor using these polycarbonate resins has low surface energy, so that the talling characteristics are improved, but the effect of improving the abrasion resistance is not sufficient.
- Non-patent document 1 "53rd Technical Meeting of the Imaging Society of Japan", 91 pages
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-61-132954
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-2-240655
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent No. 2989251
- Patent Document 4 JP-A-5-72753
- Patent Document 5 JP-A-10-232503
- the present invention has been made under the above circumstances, and as a binder resin, bisphenol A or the like is used.
- Polycarbonate resin that can solve the above-mentioned problems observed in electrophotographic photoreceptors using bisphenol z-based polycarbonate resin, and cleaning, slipperiness and abrasion resistance using this polycarbonate resin It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a good performance.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies and found that a polycarbonate resin having a specific siloxane structure is suitable for the above purpose.
- the present invention has been completed based on powerful knowledge.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- Nl is an integer of 2 to 4, and n2 is an integer of 10.
- the polycarbonate resin further has the following general formula (2)
- Ar represents a divalent aromatic group.
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a trifluoromethyl group, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and 3 to 12 carbon atoms. Cycloalkyl group, C1-C6 alkoxy group and C6-C12 aryloxy group are also selected.
- X is a single bond, O—, —S—, —SO—, -SO one, -CO-, — CR 3
- R 3 and R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted And a substituted or unsubstituted carbon number of 5 to: a cycloalkylidene group of L 1, a substituted or unsubstituted a, ⁇ alkylene group of 2 to 12 carbon atoms, Unsubstituted 9, 9 fluorenylidene group, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, the following general formula
- R 5 to R 7 represent the same groups as R 1 and R 2.
- R 8 to R U represent the same groups as R 1 and R 2.
- alkylidene arylene alkylidene radical having 8 to 16 carbon atoms represented by the formula also represents a selected group.
- X is —CR 3 R 4 —, a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylidene group having 5 to 11 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted 9,9 fluorenylidene group.
- the group represented by the general formula (3) is a combination of (a) a group in which X is a single bond and a group in which X is other than a single bond, and (b) X is a substituted or unsubstituted carbon number. 5 to: a combination of a group in which L 1 is a cycloalkylidene group and X is a substituted or unsubstituted carbon number 5 to: a group in which X is a group other than a cycloalkylidene group, and (c) X is a substituted or unsubstituted group.
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer provided on a conductive substrate, characterized in that the photosensitive layer contains a polycarbonate resin having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (1). Electrophotographic photoreceptor. [8] The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to the above [7], wherein the polycarbonate resin contained in the photosensitive layer further contains a repeating unit represented by the general formula (2).
- X is — CR 3 R 4 —, a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted carbon number 5 or more: selected from L 1 cycloalkylidene group and substituted or unsubstituted 9,9 fluorenylidene group
- X in the general formula (3) is —CR 3 R 4 —, and the proportion of the repeating unit represented by the general formula (1) in the entire polycarbonate resin is 0.01 to 3.9% by mass.
- the group represented by the general formula (3) is (a) a combination of a group in which X is a single bond and a group in which X is other than a single bond, and (b) X is a substituted or unsubstituted carbon.
- Formula 5 to: a combination of a group in which L 1 is a cycloalkylidene group and a group in which X is a substituted or unsubstituted carbon number 5 to: a group in which X is not a cycloalkylidene group of L 1, and (c) X is substituted or unsubstituted A combination of a group which is a 9,9 fluorenylidene group and a group wherein X is other than a substituted or unsubstituted 9,9 fluorenylidene group; and (d) a group wherein X is an alkylidene arylene alkylidene group having 8 to 16 carbon atoms.
- a polycarbonate resin that is chemically stable and can achieve a low surface energy is used as a binder resin for a photosensitive layer of an electrophotographic photoreceptor. It is possible to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor excellent in slipperiness and abrasion resistance.
- the polycarbonate resin of the present invention has the following general formula (1) [0018] [Formula 6]
- R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- Nl is an integer of 2 to 4, preferably 3, and ⁇ 2 is 1 to 200, preferably 3 to 150, more preferably 10 to : It is an integer of LOO.
- the electrophotoreceptor of the present invention has a structure in which a photosensitive layer is provided on a conductive substrate, and the photosensitive layer contains the above polycarbonate resin.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms represented by R is a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, and an isopropyl group. Group is preferred.
- the polycarbonate resin in addition to the repeating unit represented by the above general formula (1), the polycarbonate resin further comprises the following general formula (2)
- Ar represents a divalent aromatic group.
- Ar in the above general formula (2) is represented by the following general formula (3) [0022] [Formula 8]
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a trifluoromethyl group, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the halogen atom include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
- Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, various pentyl groups, various hexyl groups, Examples include various heptyl groups, various octyl groups, and 2-methoxyethyl groups.
- Examples of the aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms include a phenyl group, a tolyl group and a xylyl group.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, and a cyclohexyl group.
- Examples of the alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, an n-butoxy group, an isobutoxy group, a sec butoxy group, a tert butoxy group, and various pentoxy groups.
- Examples of the aryloxy group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms include a phenoxy group, a 2,6-dimethylphenoxy group and a naphthyloxy group.
- X is a single bond, O—, —S—, —SO—, —SO—,-
- R 3 and R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon atom having 1 to: L0 alkyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted Represents a group selected from aryl groups having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms;;), a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylidene group having 5 to 11 carbon atoms, preferably 5 to 9 carbon atoms; Substituted or unsubstituted C 2-12, preferably C 2-6 (X, ⁇ alkylene group, substituted or unsubstituted 9,9 fluorenylidene group, substituted or unsubstituted carbon atom 12, preferably an arylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, the following general formula
- R 5 to R 7 represent the same groups as R 1 and R 2.
- R 8 to R U represent the same groups as R 1 and R 2.
- [0027] represents a group selected from alkylidene arylene alkylidene groups having 8 to 16 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 16 carbon atoms, represented by
- alkyl group having 0 and the substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms are the same as those of R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (3).
- Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylidene group having 5 to 11 carbon atoms in X include a pentylidene group, a cyclohexylidene group, and a cycloheptylidene group.
- Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted a, ⁇ -alkylene group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms include a, ⁇ -ethylene group, ⁇ , ⁇ -propylene group, and a, ⁇ -butylene group.
- Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms include a phenylene group, an alkyl-substituted phenylene group, a naphthylene group, and an alkyl-substituted naphthylene group.
- the combination of the repeating units represented by the general formula (2) includes a group represented by the general formula (3): (a) a group in which X is a single bond; Some combinations of groups, ( b) a combination of a group wherein X is a substituted or unsubstituted carbon number 5 to: a cycloalkylidene group of LI, and a group wherein X is a substituted or unsubstituted carbon number 5 to: other than a cycloalkylidene group of L 1, (C) a combination of a group in which X is a substituted or unsubstituted 9,9 fluorenylidene group and a group in which X is other than a substituted or unsubstituted 9,9 fluorenylidene group, and (d) X is a group having 8 to 16 carbon atoms.
- the polycarbonate resin having the above repeating unit has a reduced viscosity at 20 ° C of a 0.5 g / dl solution using methylene chloride as a solvent [7? / C] of 0.1 to 5. OdlZg. But
- the productivity of the electrophotographic photoreceptor may decrease because the coating viscosity becomes too high during the production of the photoreceptor, which is not preferable.
- the polycarbonate resin used for the binder resin of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention includes (a) a repeating unit and (b) another repeating unit other than the repeating unit as long as the object of the present invention is not hindered. You may have. Further, in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, other polymers and additives may be appropriately blended in the photosensitive layer in addition to the polycarbonate resin of the present invention.
- a polycarbonate resin having a repeating unit For the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, (a) a polycarbonate resin having a repeating unit or (a) a polycarbonate resin having a repeating unit and (b) a polycarbonate resin having a repeating unit.
- the production method is not particularly limited, and it can be produced by various methods according to a known method using an appropriate monomer.
- (a) Polycarbonate resin containing a repeating unit is, for example, the following general formula (4)
- the compound can be produced by reacting a bisphenol-conjugated product represented by the following formula (hereinafter also referred to as component [A]) with a carbonate-forming compound.
- component [A] a bisphenol-conjugated product represented by the following formula
- the polycarbonate resin having (a) a repeating unit and (b) a repeating unit may be, for example, the component [A] and the following general formula (5)
- the mixture can be produced by reacting a mixture with a bisphenol conjugate (hereinafter also referred to as a component (B)) represented by the formula (1) and an ester carbonate-forming conjugate. At this time, the molecular weight can be adjusted by using a terminal terminator.
- a bisphenol conjugate hereinafter also referred to as a component (B)
- the molecular weight can be adjusted by using a terminal terminator.
- bisphenol conjugate of the above component [A] examples include 4 [4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl] ethyl (polydimethylsiloxy) dimethylsilylethyl] 2-methoxyphenol, 4- [4-hydroxy 1-Methoxyphenyl] propyl (polydimethylsiloxy) dimethylsilylpropyl] -2-methoxyphenol, 4- [4hydroxy-13-methoxyphenyl] butyl (polydimethylsiloxy) dimethylsilylbutyl] 2-methoxyphenyl There is no nore.
- bisphenol compound of the component [B] include bis (4-hydroxyphenol-). Methane), 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 1,2 bis (4 hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 2,2 bis (4 hydroxyphenyl) propane, 2,2bis (3 —Methinole 4-hydroxyphenyl) butane, 2,2 bis (4 hydroxyphenyl) butane, 2,2 bis (4 hydroxyphenyl) octane, 4,4 bis (4 hydroxyphenyl) heptane , 1, 1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1,1,1-diphenylmethane, 1,1-bis (4hydroxyphenyl) 1, phenylethane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) 1) 1-N-methane, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ether, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) snoleide, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, 1,1 bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) Cyclopent
- Examples of the carbonate-forming compound include dihalogenated carbons such as phosgene, phosgene dimer, and phosgene trimer, and haloformates such as chromate foam.
- terminal terminator for example, p-tert-butylphenol, p-phenylphenol, p-cuminolephenol, 2,3,3-tetrafluorophenol, 2,2,3,3 4,4,5,5-octafluoropentanol, 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,6,6,7,7
- p-tert-butylphenol for example, p-tert-butylphenol, p-phenylphenol, p-cuminolephenol, 2,3,3-tetrafluorophenol, 2,2,3,3 4,4,5,5-octafluoropentanol, 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,6,6,7,7
- Dodeca hydronore Loanore Konore and Perfnoorekokunorenoenol are examples.
- this reaction is carried out in an appropriate solvent in an acid acceptor (for example, an alkali metal hydroxide or alkali metal hydroxide).
- an acid acceptor for example, an alkali metal hydroxide or alkali metal hydroxide.
- the reaction can be carried out in the presence of a basic alkali metal compound such as a carbonate, or an organic base such as pyridine.
- alkali metal hydroxide and alkali metal carbonate various ones can be used, but from an economical viewpoint, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and the like are usually used. It is preferably used. These are usually suitably used as an aqueous solution.
- the use ratio of the above carbonate precursor may be appropriately adjusted in consideration of the stoichiometric ratio (equivalent) of the reaction.
- a gaseous carbonate precursor such as phosgene
- a method of blowing it into the reaction system can be suitably employed.
- the proportion of the acid acceptor to be used may be appropriately determined similarly in consideration of the stoichiometric ratio (equivalent) of the reaction. Specifically, it is preferable to use 2 equivalents or a slight excess of the acid acceptor with respect to the total number of moles of the bisphenol-conjugated product to be used (normally, 1 mol is equivalent to the equivalent).
- one kind of various solvents such as those used in the production of a known polycarbonate may be used alone! May be used as a mixed solvent of two or more kinds.
- hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene and xylene, and halogenated hydrocarbon solvents such as methylene chloride and chlorobenzene can be suitably used.
- a catalyst such as a tertiary amine such as triethylamine or a quaternary ammonium salt, and further, phloroglysin, pyrogallol, 4,6-dimethyl-1,2,4 , 6 Tris (4-hydroxyphenyl) 1-2 heptene, 1,3,5 Tris (4-hydroxyphenyl) benzene, 1,1,1-Tris (4hydroxyphenyl) ethane, Tris (4hydroxy) Phenol) phenolemethane, 2,2bis [4,4bis (4hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexyl] propane, 2,4bis [2bis (4hydroxyphenyl) 1-2p pill] Phenol, 2,6-bis (2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl) 4-methylphenol, 2- (4-hydroxyphenyl) 2- (2,4 dihydroxyphenyl) propane, tetrakis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ) Methane, tetrakis
- an antioxidant such as sodium sulfite or hydrosulfite may be added.
- the reaction is generally carried out at a temperature of about 0 to 150 ° C, preferably 5 to 40 ° C.
- the reaction pressure can be any of reduced pressure, normal pressure and pressurized pressure, but usually, it can be suitably performed at normal pressure or about the self-pressure of the reaction system.
- the reaction time is generally about 0.5 minute to 10 hours, preferably 1 minute to 2 hours. Reaction methods include continuous, semi-continuous, and batch Any method may be used.
- the reduced viscosity of the obtained polycarbonate resin [ ⁇
- the reaction conditions, the amount of the terminal terminator (molecular weight regulator) used, and the like may be appropriately selected.
- the obtained polycarbonate resin is subjected to appropriate physical treatment (mixing, fractionation, etc.) and Z or chemical treatment (polymer reaction, cross-linking treatment, partial decomposition treatment, etc.) to obtain the specified Reduced viscosity [ ⁇ / C
- the obtained reaction product (crude product) can be subjected to various post-treatments such as a known separation and purification method, and can be recovered as a polycarbonate resin having a desired purity (purity).
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention is an electrophotographic photoreceptor in which a photosensitive layer is provided on a conductive substrate, and the photosensitive layer has a surface layer containing the above polycarbonate resin.
- the structure of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention is not particularly limited, and various types of known electrophotographic photosensitive members such as a single-layer type and a laminated type can be used.
- the photosensitive member may have any structure.
- the photosensitive layer has at least one charge generation layer and at least one charge transport layer forming a surface layer.
- polycarbonate resin is used as binder resin and as Z or the surface layer.
- the polycarbonate resin when used as the binder resin in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, the polycarbonate resin may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the resin may be used in combination with another resin component such as a polycarbonate resin as long as the object of the present invention is not hindered.
- conductive substrate used for the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention various substrates such as known ones can be used, and specifically, aluminum, nickel, chromium, palladium, titanium, molybdenum Plates and drums made of indium, gold, platinum, silver, copper, zinc, brass, stainless steel, lead oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, ITO (indium tin oxide: tin-doped indium oxide) or graphite, Sheets, glass, cloth, paper or plastic films, sheets and seamless sieverts, which have been subjected to conductive treatment by coating by vapor deposition, sputtering, coating, etc., and metal by electrode oxidation etc. An oxidized metal drum or the like can be used.
- the charge generation layer of the multi-layer type electrophotographic photoreceptor contains at least a charge generation substance, and the charge generation layer is formed on a base substrate by a vacuum evaporation method, a chemical vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, or the like. It can be obtained by forming a layer of a charge generating substance or forming a layer formed by binding the charge generating substance on a layer serving as a base using a binder resin.
- Various methods such as a known method can be used to form the charge generation layer using the binder resin. Usually, for example, a method in which the charge generation material is dispersed or dissolved in an appropriate solvent together with the binder resin is used.
- a method in which a working liquid is applied on a predetermined base layer and dried is preferably used.
- the thickness of the charge generation layer thus obtained is usually from 0.01 to 2.0 m, preferably from 0.1 to 0.8 ⁇ m. If the thickness of the charge generation layer is less than 0.01 ⁇ m, it may be difficult to form a uniform thickness layer. On the other hand, if it exceeds 2.0 m, the electrophotographic characteristics may be deteriorated.
- the charge generation material in the charge generation layer various known materials can be used. Specific compounds include amorphous selenium, selenium alone such as trigonal selenium, selenium alloys such as selenium tellurium, selenium compounds such as As Se, and selenium-containing alloys.
- oxidized semiconductors such as oxidized titanium
- silicon-based materials such as amorphous silicon
- Metal-free phthalocyanines such as metal-free phthalocyanine and X-type metal-free phthalocyanine, ⁇ -type copper phthalocyanine, j8-type copper phthalocyanine, ⁇ - type copper phthalocyanine, ⁇ - type copper phthalocyanine, X-type copper phthalocyanine, ⁇ -type tital phthalocyanine, B-type titanium phthalocyanine, C-type titanium phthalocyanine, D-type titanium phthalocyanine, E-type titanium phthalocyanine, F-type titanyl phthalocyanine, G-type titanyl phthalocyanine, H-type titanium phthalocyanine, K-type phthalocyanine, L-type phthalocyanine, M-type
- charge generating substances preferred examples include those specifically described in JP-A-11-172003.
- binder resin in the charge generation layer various known resins can be used without particular limitation. Specifically, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate butyl, salted butyl butyl acetate copolymer, polybutylacetal, alkyd resin, acrylic resin, polyacrylonitrile, polycarbonate, polyamide, butyral resin, polyester , Shiridani Biylidene-Mono-Shidani vinyl copolymer, methacrylic resin, styrene-butadiene copolymer, Shiridani burylidene-acrylonitrile copolymer, Shiridani butyl acetate acetate butyl maleic anhydride copolymer, silicone Resin, silicone alkyd resin, phenol-formaldehyde resin, styrene-alkyd resin, melamine resin, polyether resin, benzoguanamine resin, epoxy acrylate resin, urethane acrylate resin, poly N-vinyl Carb
- the charge transport layer can be obtained by forming a layer containing the above-mentioned polycarbonate resin according to the present invention and a charge transport substance on a layer serving as a base (for example, a charge generation layer).
- a method for forming the charge transport layer various methods such as a known method may be used.
- the charge transport material and the polycarbonate resin according to the present invention, or a coating solution dispersed or dissolved in an appropriate solvent together with another binder resin as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired, are usually used.
- a method of applying a coating on a substrate serving as a predetermined base and drying the coating is used.
- the compounding ratio of the charge transporting substance and the polycarbonate resin used for forming the charge transporting layer in the present invention is preferably 20:80 to 80:20, more preferably 30:70 to 70:30 in terms of mass ratio. .
- one of the above polycarbonate resins may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- a resin such as the binder resin used for the charge generation layer in the range described above may be used in combination with the polycarbonate resin without impairing the achievement of the object of the present invention.
- the thickness of the charge transport layer thus formed is usually about 5 to: LOO / zm, preferably 10 to 30 ⁇ m. If the thickness is less than 5 ⁇ m, the initial potential may be lowered, and if it exceeds 100 m, the electrophotographic characteristics may be degraded.
- charge transporting substance that can be used together with the polycarbonate resin according to the present invention
- various known compounds can be used. Examples of such compounds include carbazole compounds, indole compounds, imidazole compounds, oxazole compounds, pyrazole compounds, oxadiazole compounds, pyrazoline compounds, thiadiazole compounds, aniline compounds, hydrazoni compounds, aromatic amine compounds, and aliphatic compounds.
- charge transport materials specific examples are shown in JP-A-11-172003. Thus, the following compounds are particularly preferably used.
- an undercoat layer as usually used can be provided between the conductive substrate and the photosensitive layer.
- the undercoat layer include titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconia, titanic acid, zirconic acid, lanthanic acid, titanium black, silica, lead titanate, barium titanate, tin oxide, indium oxide, silicon oxide, and the like.
- Use ingredients such as fine particles, polyamide resin, phenol resin, casein, melamine resin, benzoguanamine resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin, cellulose, nitrocellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinyl butyral resin. Can be.
- the above-mentioned Noinder resin may be used, or the polycarbonate resin according to the present invention may be used.
- These fine particles and resin can be used alone or in various mixtures. When these are used as a mixture, it is preferable to use inorganic fine particles and a resin in combination, since a film having good smoothness is formed.
- the thickness of the undercoat layer is usually about 0.01 to: LO ⁇ m, preferably 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m. If the thickness is less than 0.01 / zm, it may be difficult to form an undercoat layer uniformly. If it exceeds 10 m, the electrophotographic properties may be degraded.
- a known blocking layer which is generally used, can be provided between the conductive substrate and the photosensitive layer.
- the blocking layer may be the same as the binder resin described above.
- the thickness of the blocking layer is usually about 0.01 to 20 / ⁇ , preferably 0.01 to: LO ⁇ m. When the thickness is 0.01 ⁇ m or more, it is easy to form the blocking layer uniformly, and when the thickness is 20 m or less, there is no possibility that the electrophotographic characteristics are deteriorated.
- a protective layer may be laminated on the photosensitive layer.
- this protective layer the same kind of resin as the above-mentioned binder resin can be used.
- the polycarbonate resin according to the present invention can also be used.
- the thickness of this protective layer is usually about 0.01 to 20 m, preferably 0.01 to 10 m.
- the protective layer contains the charge generating material, the charge transporting material, the additive, and a conductive material such as a metal and its oxide, nitride, salt, alloy, carbon black, and organic conductive compound. It may be.
- the charge generation layer and the charge transport A binder, a plasticizer, a curing catalyst, a fluidity-imparting agent, a pinhole controlling agent, and a spectral sensitizer (sensitizing dye) may be added to the layer.
- various chemical substances, antioxidants, surfactants, anti-curl agents, leveling agents, etc. are added to prevent increase in residual potential, decrease in charge potential, and decrease in sensitivity after repeated use.
- binders which can be added include silicone resin, polyamide resin, polyurethane resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin, polyketone resin, polycarbonate resin, polystyrene resin, polymethacrylate resin, Polyacrylamide resin, polybutadiene resin, polyisoprene resin, melamine resin, benzoguanamine resin, polychloroprene resin, polyacrylonitrile resin, ethylcellulose resin, nitrocellulose resin, urea resin, phenol resin , Phenoxy resin, polybutyral resin, formal resin, butyl acetate resin, Sanbi - Le Z Shioi ⁇ Bulle copolymer ⁇ , and polyester carbonates ⁇ .
- heat and Z or light curable resins can be used. In any case, there is no particular limitation as long as the resin is electrically insulating and can form a film in a normal state.
- This binder is preferably added in a mixing ratio of 1 to 200% by mass with respect to the polycarbonate resin according to the present invention. 5 to: LOO% by mass is more preferable. If the content of the binder is less than 1% by mass, the coating of the photosensitive layer may be uneven, and if it exceeds 200% by mass, the sensitivity may be reduced.
- plasticizer examples include biphenyl, biphenyl chloride, o-terphenyl, hydrogenated paraffin, dimethyl naphthalene, dimethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, octyl phthalate, diethylene glycol phthalate, triphenyl phosphate, and diisophthalate.
- plasticizer examples include butinorea dipate, dimethinoresebacate, dibutinoresebacate, butinore laurinoleate, methylphthaleylethyl diolicolate, dimethyldaricol phthalate, methylnaphthalene, benzophenone, polypropylene, polystyrene, and fluorohydrocarbon.
- the curing catalyst examples include methanesulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, dino-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, and the like.
- the fluidity-imparting agent examples include Modaflow, acronal 4F, and the like. Include benzoin and dimethyl phthalate.
- plasticizers, curing catalysts, flowability-imparting agents, and pinhole controlling agents are preferably used in an amount of 5% by mass or less based on the charge transport material.
- the sensitizing dye for example methyl bio cmdlet, crystal violet, night blue, bird whistle like Victoria Blue - Rumetan dyes, Ellis port Singh, rhodamine B, rhodamine 3 R Attalidine dyes such as ataridine orange and flaveosin, thiazine dyes such as methylene blue and methylene green, oxazine dyes such as capri blue and Meldable, cyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes, styryl dyes, pyrylium salt dyes, and thiopyrylium salt dyes are suitable. ing.
- An electron accepting substance can be added to the photosensitive layer for the purpose of improving sensitivity, reducing residual potential, and reducing fatigue upon repeated use.
- Specific examples include succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, dibromomaleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, tetrabromophthalic anhydride, 3-torophthalic anhydride, 4-torophthalic anhydride, Pyromellitic anhydride, melitic anhydride, tetracyanoethylene, tetracyanoquinodimethane, o-dinitrobenzene, m-dinitrobenzene, 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, p-nitrobenzonitrile, picryl chloride, quinone chloride Imide, chloranil, bromanil, benzoquinone, 2,3-dichlorobenzoquinone, dichlorodicyanoparabenzoquinone, naphthoquinone, diphenoquino
- These compounds may be added to either the charge generating layer or the charge transporting layer, and the compounding ratio thereof is usually about 0.01 to 200% by mass, preferably 0 to 200% by mass, based on the charge generating substance or the charge transporting substance. It is 1 to 50% by mass.
- tetrafluoroethylene resin trifluoride ethylene resin, tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene resin, vinyl fluoride resin, vinylidene fluoride resin are used.
- ethylene difluoride ethylene resin, a copolymer thereof, or a fluorine-based graft polymer may be used.
- the mixing ratio of these surface modifiers is usually about 0.1 to 60% by mass, and preferably 2 to 40% by mass, based on the binder resin. If the content is less than 0.1% by mass, surface modification such as surface durability and surface energy may be insufficient. If the content exceeds 60% by mass, electrophotographic properties may be deteriorated.
- the antioxidant include a hindered phenol-based antioxidant, an aromatic amine-based antioxidant, a hindered amine-based antioxidant, a sulfide-based antioxidant, and an organic phosphorus-based antioxidant. Is preferred.
- the compounding ratio of the antioxidant is usually about 0.01 to 10% by mass, and preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass, based on the charge transport material.
- hindered phenol-based antioxidants aromatic amine-based antioxidants, hindered amine-based antioxidants, sulfide-based antioxidants, and organic phosphorus-based antioxidants are disclosed in There is one described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 11-172003.
- antioxidants may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more. These may be added to the above-mentioned photosensitive layer, a surface protective layer, an undercoat layer, and a blocking layer.
- Examples of the solvent used for forming the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer include aromatic solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, and alcohol; and ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and cyclohexanone.
- aromatic solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, and alcohol
- ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and cyclohexanone.
- Alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol, esters such as ethyl acetate and ethylcellosolve, carbon tetrachloride, halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, dichloromethane and tetrachloroethane, and ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane.
- a coating liquid is prepared by dispersing or dissolving the charge transport material, the additive, and the polycarbonate resin used as the binder resin in a solvent. For example, coating on the charge generation layer, the poly force The charge transport layer forms a form in which the carbonate resin coexists with the charge transport material as a binder resin.
- the above prepared raw material is dispersed or dissolved using a ball mill, ultrasonic wave, paint shear, red devil, sand mill, mixer, attritor, or the like. it can.
- the method of applying the coating liquid obtained in this way includes dip coating, electrostatic coating, powder coating, spray coating, roll coating, applicator coating, and spray coater coating.
- Bar coater coating method, roll coater coating method, dip coater coating method, doctor blade coating method, wire bar coating method, knife coater coating method, attritor coating method, spinner single coating method, bead coating method, blade coating method Construction methods, curtain coating methods, etc. can be adopted.
- the photosensitive layer of the single-layer type electrophotographic photoreceptor is formed using the above-mentioned polycarbonate resin, charge-generating substance, additive, and if desired, charge-transporting substance or other binder resin.
- the preparation of the coating solution, the coating method, the formulation of the additives, and the like are the same as those for the formation of the photosensitive layer of the layered electrophotographic photosensitive member.
- an undercoat layer, a blocking layer, and a surface protective layer may be provided as described above. When these layers are formed, it is preferable to use the polycarbonate resin according to the present invention.
- the thickness of the photosensitive layer in the single-layer type electrophotographic photoreceptor is usually about 5 to: LOO / zm, preferably 8 to 50 Pm. If the thickness is less than 5 ⁇ m, the initial potential may be lowered, and if it exceeds 100 m, the electrophotographic characteristics may be degraded.
- the ratio of the charge generating substance: polycarbonate resin (binder) used in the production of this single-layer type electrophotographic photoreceptor is usually about 1:99 to 30:70, preferably 3:97 to 15:85 by mass ratio. It is.
- the charge transport material: polycarbonate resin ratio is usually about 5:95 to 80:20 by mass, preferably 10: 90-60: 40.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention thus obtained has excellent abrasion resistance and maintains excellent printing durability and electrophotographic properties over a long period of time.
- Machines monoochrome, multicolor, full-color; analog, digital
- printers laser, LED , Liquid crystal shutter
- facsimile plate making machine and the like.
- corona discharge corotron, scorotron
- contact charging charging roll, charging brush
- injection charging injection charging and the like
- any of a halogen lamp, a fluorescent lamp, a laser (semiconductor, He-Ne), an LED, and a photoconductor internal exposure method may be adopted.
- Dry development such as cascade development, two-component magnetic brush development, one-component insulating toner development, and one-component conductive toner development, or a wet development using a liquid toner is used for development.
- an electrostatic transfer method such as corona transfer, roller transfer, or belt transfer, a pressure transfer method, or an adhesive transfer method is used.
- fixing heat roller fixing, radiant flash fixing, open fixing, pressure fixing and the like are used.
- a brush cleaner, a magnetic brush cleaner, a magnetic roller cleaner, a blade cleaner, and the like are used for cleaning and static elimination.
- a methylene chloride solution of the oligomer (hereinafter, referred to as bis A oligomer) was obtained.
- the reaction product is diluted with 1 L of methylene chloride, and then washed twice with 1.5 L of water, once with 1 L of 0.01N hydrochloric acid, and twice with 1 L of water, and the organic layer is dissolved in methanol.
- the precipitated polymer was filtered and dried to obtain a copolymer polycarbonate resin (PC-1).
- the copolymerized polycarbonate resin thus obtained had a reduced viscosity [7? ZC] at 20 ° C. of a solution having a concentration of 0.5 gZdl in methylene chloride as a solvent of 0.85 dlZg.
- the reduced viscosity was measured using an automatic viscosity measuring device VMR-042, manufactured by Rigo Co., Ltd., using an improved Pbbelohde viscometer (RM type) for automatic viscosity.
- the structure and copolymer composition of the obtained copolymerized polycarbonate (PC-1) were determined by 1 H-NMR ⁇ vector.
- the molar ratio of the repeating unit derived from bis A, the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1), and the repeating unit derived from 4,4, -biphenol was 85: 0.1: 15. Further, the content of the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1) was 0.98% by mass.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared by the method described below, and its performance was evaluated.
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor was manufactured in which a polyethylene terephthalate resin film on which aluminum metal was deposited was used as a conductive substrate, and a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer were sequentially laminated on the surface to form a laminated photosensitive layer.
- a binder 0.5 parts by mass of Petilal resin was used as the resin. These were added to 19 parts by weight of methylene chloride as a solvent, dispersed by a ball mill, and the resulting dispersion was applied to the surface of the conductive substrate film by a bar coater and dried. A 5 m charge generation layer was formed.
- electrophotographic characteristics were measured using an electrostatic charging tester EPA-8100 (manufactured by Kawaguchi Electric Works).
- the initial surface potential (VO), residual potential (VR) after 5 seconds of light irradiation (1 OLux) and half-exposure (E1Z2) were measured by performing a 6 kV corona discharge.
- the abrasion resistance of this charge transport layer was evaluated using a Suga abrasion tester NUS-ISO-3 type (manufactured by Suga Test Machine Co., Ltd.).
- the test conditions were as follows: abrasion paper (containing alumina particles with a particle size of 3 m) with a load of 4.9 N was brought into contact with the surface of the photosensitive layer and reciprocated 2,000 times to measure the mass loss. Furthermore, the dynamic friction coefficient was measured using the same samples as those for which the wear resistance was evaluated. For the measurement, a surface property tester (manufactured by Haydon) was used, the load was 4.9 N, and a stainless steel ball was used as the friction body. Table 1 shows the results of these measurements.
- reaction solution was allowed to stand to separate an organic layer, and the degree of polymerization was 2 to 4, and the molecular end was a chromate-formate group of 1,1 bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane polycarbonate oligomer ( Hereinafter, this will be referred to as bis-Z oligomer.).
- a copolymer polycarbonate resin (PC-2) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the bis Z oligomer was used instead of the bis A oligomer.
- the copolymerized polycarbonate resin thus obtained had a reduced viscosity [7? ZC] at 20 ° C. of a solution having a concentration of 0.5 gZdl in methylene chloride as a solvent, which was 0.94 dlZg.
- the structure and copolymer composition of the obtained copolymerized polycarbonate (PC-2) were determined by 1 H-NMR ⁇ vector.
- the molar ratio of the repeating unit derived from bis Z, the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1), and the repeating unit derived from 4,4, -biphenol was 80: 0.1: 20. Further, the content of the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1) was 0.88% by mass.
- Example 1 The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed using the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin. Table 1 shows the results.
- the 2,2 bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane polycarbonate oligomer having a degree of polymerization of 2 to 4 and a molecular terminal of a chromate formate group is provided.
- a methylene chloride solution (hereinafter referred to as bis C oligomer) was obtained.
- Example 1 a bis C oligomer was used in place of the bis A oligomer, and instead of 12.5 g of 4,4,1-biphenol, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1 1-phenylene was used.
- a copolymer polycarbonate resin (PC-3) was obtained in the same manner except that 19.4 g was used.
- the copolymerized polycarbonate resin thus obtained uses methylene chloride as a solvent.
- the reduced viscosity [r? ZC] of the solution having a concentration of 0.5 gZdl at 20 ° C. was 0.80 dlZg.
- the structure and copolymer composition of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (PC-3) were determined by 1 H—N MR spectrum.
- the molar ratio of the repeating unit derived from bis C, the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1), and the repeating unit derived from 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) 1 phenylene is 80: 0.1. : 20. Further, the content of the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1) was 0.80% by mass.
- Example 1 The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed using the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin. Table 1 shows the results.
- the copolymerized polycarbonate resin thus obtained had a reduced viscosity [7? ZC] at 20 ° C of a solution having a concentration of 0.5 gZdl in methylene chloride as a solvent of 0.82 dlZg.
- the structure and copolymer composition of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (PC-4) were determined by 1 H—N MR spectrum.
- the molar ratio of the repeating unit derived from bis CHZ to the repeating unit derived from siloxane monomer (1) was 100: 0.1. Further, the content of the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1) was 0.60% by mass.
- the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed using the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin. Table 1 shows the results.
- Example 2 bis 22Ad oligomer was used in place of bis A oligomer, and 25.3 g of 9,9 bis (3-methyl 4-hydroxyphenol) fluorene was used instead of 12.5 g of 4,4,1-biphenol.
- a copolymer polycarbonate resin (PC 5) was obtained in the same manner except for using.
- the copolymerized polycarbonate resin thus obtained had a reduced viscosity [7? ZC] at 20 ° C. of a solution having a concentration of 0.5 gZdl using methylene chloride as a solvent, which was 0.97 dlZg.
- the structure and copolymer composition of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (PC-5) were determined by 1 H—N MR spectrum.
- the molar ratio of the repeating unit derived from bis 22Ad, the repeating unit derived from siloxane monomer (1), and the repeating unit derived from 9,9-bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene is 85: 0. 1:15. Further, the content of the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1) was 0.64% by mass.
- Example 1 The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed using the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin. Table 1 shows the results.
- a copolymer polycarbonate resin (PC-6) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the bis CZ oligomer was used instead of the bis A oligomer.
- the copolymerized polycarbonate resin thus obtained had a reduced viscosity [7? ZC] at 20 ° C of a solution having a concentration of 0.5 gZdl in methylene chloride as a solvent of 0.86 dlZg.
- the structure and copolymer composition of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (PC-6) were determined by 1 H—N MR spectrum.
- the molar ratio of the repeating unit derived from bis CZ, the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1), and the repeating unit derived from 4,4, -biphenol was 78: 0.1: 22. Further, the content of the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1) was 0.82% by mass.
- Example 1 The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed using the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin. Table 1 shows the results.
- Example 7 a bis-TPP oligomer was used in place of the bis-A oligomer, and 21.7 g of the same terpene bisphenol as above was used instead of 12.5 g of 4,4-biphenol. Thus, a copolymer polycarbonate resin (PC-7) was obtained.
- the copolymerized polycarbonate resin thus obtained had a reduced viscosity [7? ZC] at 20 ° C. of a solution having a concentration of 0.5 gZdl in methylene chloride as a solvent of 0.90 dlZg.
- the structure and copolymer composition of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (PC-7) were determined by 1 H—N MR spectrum.
- the molar ratio of the repeating unit derived from bis TPP to the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1) was 100: 0.1. Further, the content of the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1) was 0.80% by mass.
- Example 1 The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed using the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin. Table 1 shows the results.
- Trimethylcyclohexane (trimethylcyclohexylbisphenol; bis I) 101 parts by mass of 9.4% by mass potassium hydroxide aqueous solution
- a solution dissolved in 607 parts by mass and 334 parts by mass of methylene chloride were mixed and stirred, and while cooling, phosgene gas was blown into the solution at a rate of 4.2 parts by mass Z for 15 minutes. Then, the reaction solution was allowed to stand, and the organic layer was separated. The degree of polymerization was 2 to 4, and the molecular end was a chromate-formate group of 1,1 bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -3,3,3. 5
- a methylene chloride solution of a trimethylcyclohexane polycarbonate oligomer (hereinafter, referred to as a bis I oligomer) was obtained.
- a copolymerized polycarbonate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that bis-I oligomer was used instead of bis-A oligomer, and bisphenol A15.3 g was used instead of 4,4, -biphenol 12.5 g.
- a resin (PC-8) was obtained.
- the copolymerized polycarbonate resin thus obtained uses methylene chloride as a solvent.
- the reduced viscosity [r? ZC] of the solution having a concentration of 0.5 gZdl at 20 ° C. was 0.94 dlZg.
- the structure and copolymer composition of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (PC-8) were determined by 1 H—N MR spectrum.
- the molar ratio of the repeating unit derived from bis I, the repeating unit derived from siloxane monomer (1), and the repeating unit derived from bis A was 85: 0.1: 15. Further, the content of the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1) was 0.74% by mass.
- Example 1 The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed using the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin. Table 1 shows the results.
- BisPP oligomer A methylene chloride solution of [1,4 phenylenebis (1-methylethylidene)] bisphenol polycarbonate oligomer (hereinafter referred to as BisPP oligomer) was obtained.
- a copolymer polycarbonate resin (PC-9) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the BisPP oligomer was used instead of the bis A oligomer.
- the copolymerized polycarbonate resin thus obtained had a reduced viscosity [7? ZC] at 20 ° C of a solution having a concentration of 0.5 gZdl in methylene chloride as a solvent of 0.79 dlZg.
- the molar ratio of the repeating unit derived from BisPP, the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1), and the repeating unit derived from 4,4, -biphenol was 80: 0.1: 20. Further, the content of the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1) was 0.72% by mass.
- Example 1 The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed using the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin. Table 1 shows the results.
- Example 10 A solution prepared by dissolving 177 parts by mass of bis (3,5 dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone (TBS) in 607 parts by mass of a 9.4 mass% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and 334 parts by mass of methylene chloride While mixing and stirring, phosgene gas was blown into this solution at a rate of 4.2 parts by mass Z for 15 minutes under cooling. Then, the reaction solution was allowed to stand, and the organic layer was separated, and the degree of polymerization was 2 to 4, and bis (3,5 dibutomo-4,4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone polycarbonate oligomer which was a terminal group at the molecular terminal. A methylene chloride solution of (hereinafter, referred to as TBS oligomer) was obtained.
- TBS oligomer A methylene chloride solution of (hereinafter, referred to as TBS oligomer) was obtained.
- Example 2 a TBS oligomer was used in place of the bis-A oligomer, and 13.6 g of 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) diphenylmethane was used instead of 12.5 g of 4,4,1-biphenol.
- a copolymerized polycarbonate resin (PC-10) was obtained in the same manner except that was used.
- the copolymerized polycarbonate resin thus obtained had a reduced viscosity [7? ZC] at 20 ° C of a solution having a concentration of 0.5 gZdl using methylene chloride as a solvent, of 0.88 dlZg.
- the structure and copolymer composition of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (PC-10) were determined by 1 H—N MR spectrum.
- the molar ratio of the repeating unit derived from TBS, the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1), and the repeating unit derived from 1,1 bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) diphenylmethane was 85: 0.1: 15. Was. Further, the content of the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1) was 0.42% by mass.
- Example 1 The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed using the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin. Table 1 shows the results.
- the degree of polymerization was 2 to 4, and the molecular end was a chromate-formate group.
- Example 1 a copolymerized polycarbonate resin (Example 1) was used in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the Z-FLC oligomer was used in place of the bis-A oligomer and FLC25.3 g was used instead of 4,4'-biphenol 12.5 g. PC-11) was obtained.
- the copolymerized polycarbonate resin thus obtained had a reduced viscosity [7? ZC] at 20 ° C. of a solution having a concentration of 0.5 gZdl in methylene chloride as a solvent of 0.81 dlZg.
- the structure of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (PC-11) was determined by 1 H-NMR spectrum.
- the molar ratio of the repeating unit derived from bis Z, the repeating unit derived from siloxane monomer (1), and the repeating unit derived from FLC was 50: 0.1: 50. Further, the content of the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1) was 0.66% by mass.
- Example 1 The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed using the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin. Table 1 shows the results.
- the copolymerized polycarbonate resin thus obtained had a reduced viscosity [7? ZC] at 20 ° C of a solution having a concentration of 0.5 gZdl using methylene chloride as a solvent, which was 0.93 dlZg.
- the structure of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (PC-12) was determined by 1 H-NMR spectrum.
- the molar ratio of the repeating unit derived from bis Z, the repeating unit derived from DHE, the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1), and the repeating unit derived from 4,4, -biphenol is 50: 35: 0.1: 15. Met. Further, the content of the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1) was 0.81% by mass.
- Example 1 The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed using the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin. Table 1 shows the results.
- the organic layer had a degree of polymerization of 2 to 4, and the molecular end was a chromate-formate group of 1,1 bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane; , Dihydroxybenzophenone polycarbonate oligomer (hereinafter referred to as Z-DHK oligomer) in methylene chloride.
- Example 1 a copolymer polycarbonate resin (Example 1) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Z-DHK oligomer was used instead of the bis-A oligomer, and DHK14.3 g was used instead of 4,4, -biphenol 12.5 g. PC-13) was obtained.
- the copolymerized polycarbonate resin thus obtained had a reduced viscosity [7? ZC] at 20 ° C of a solution having a concentration of 0.5 gZdl using methylene chloride as a solvent, of 0.88 dlZg.
- the structure of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (PC-13) was determined by 1 H-NMR spectrum.
- the molar ratio of the repeating unit derived from bis Z, the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1), and the repeating unit derived from DHK was 50: 0.1: 50. Further, the content of the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1) was 0.89% by mass.
- Example 1 The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed using the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin. So Table 1 shows the results.
- a copolymer polycarbonate resin (PC-14) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the bis E oligomer was used instead of the bis A oligomer.
- the copolymerized polycarbonate resin thus obtained had a reduced viscosity [7? ZC] at 20 ° C. of a solution having a concentration of 0.5 gZdl in methylene chloride as a solvent, which was 0.94 dlZg.
- the structure of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (PC-14) was determined by 1 H-NMR spectrum.
- the molar ratio of the repeating unit derived from bis E, the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1), and the repeating unit derived from 4,4, -biphenol was 85: 0.1: 15. Further, the content of the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1) was 1.07% by mass.
- Example 1 The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed using the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin. Table 1 shows the results.
- a solution prepared by dissolving 79 parts by mass of 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) butane (bisphenol B; bis B) in 607 parts by mass of a 9.4 mass% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide was mixed with methylene chloride. While cooling with mixing with 34 parts by mass, phosgene gas was blown into the solution at a rate of 4.2 parts by mass Z for 15 minutes under cooling. Then, the reaction solution was allowed to stand, and the organic layer was separated, and the degree of polymerization was 2 to 4, and 2,2 bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) butane polycarbonate oligomer (hereinafter referred to as “formate group” at the molecular end) was used.
- formate group 2,2 bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) butane polycarbonate oligomer
- the copolymerized polycarbonate resin obtained in this manner has a reduced viscosity at 20 ° C. of a 0.5 g Zdl solution using methylene chloride as a solvent [7?
- the molar ratio of the repeating unit derived from bis B, the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1), and the repeating unit derived from 4,4, -biphenol was 80: 0.1: 20. Further, the content of the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1) was 0.97% by mass.
- Example 1 The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed using the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin. Table 1 shows the results.
- Example 1 a bis-Z oligomer similar to that used in Example 2 was used in place of the bis-A oligomer, and bisphenol Z18.Og was used instead of 12.5 g of 4,4,1-biphenol.
- a copolymer polycarbonate resin (PC-16) was obtained in the same manner.
- the copolymerized polycarbonate resin obtained in this manner has a reduced viscosity at 20 ° C. of a 0.5 g Zdl solution using methylene chloride as a solvent [7?
- the molar ratio of the repeating unit derived from bis Z to the repeating unit derived from siloxane monomer (1) was 100: 0.1. Further, the content of the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1) was 0.96% by mass.
- Example 1 The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed using the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin. Table 1 shows the results.
- Example 1 a bis Z oligomer similar to that used in Example 2 was used in place of the bis A oligomer, and 3,3,1-dimethyl 4,4 was used instead of 12.5 g of 4,4,1-biphenol. 'Dihydroxybiphenyl-Copolycarbonate was produced in the same manner except that 14.3 g was used. Nate resin (PC-17) was obtained.
- the copolymerized polycarbonate resin thus obtained had a reduced viscosity [7? ZC] at 20 ° C of a solution having a concentration of 0.5 gZdl in methylene chloride as a solvent of 0.82 dlZg.
- the structure and copolymer composition of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (PC-17) were determined by 1 H—N MR spectrum.
- the molar ratio of the repeating unit derived from bis Z, the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1), and the repeating unit derived from 3,3, dimethyl-4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl is 85: 0.1: 15. Met. Further, the content of the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (1) was 0.84% by mass.
- Example 1 The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed using the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin. Table 1 shows the results.
- Example 1 the siloxane monomer (1) was
- PC-A copolymerized polycarbonate resin
- the copolymerized polycarbonate resin thus obtained had a reduced viscosity [7? Zc] at 20 ° C. of a solution having a concentration of 0.5 gZdl in methylene chloride as a solvent of 0.84 dlZg.
- PC-A copolymer polycarbonate resin
- the molar ratio of the repeating unit derived from bis A, the repeating unit derived from the siloxane monomer (2), and the repeating unit derived from 4,4′-biphenol was 85: 0.1: 15.
- the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed using the obtained polycarbonate resin. Table 1 shows the results.
- a copolymer polycarbonate resin (PC-B) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 16 except that the siloxane monomer (1) was changed to the siloxane monomer (2).
- the copolymerized polycarbonate resin thus obtained had a reduced viscosity [7? Zc] of a solution having a concentration of 0.5 gZdl in methylene chloride as a solvent at 20 ° C. of 0.88 dlZg.
- the structure of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (PC-B) was determined by 1 H-NMR ⁇ vector.
- the molar ratio of the repeating unit derived from bis Z to the repeating unit derived from siloxane monomer (2) was 100: 0.1.
- Example 1 The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed using the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin. Table 1 shows the results.
- Example 16 a polycarbonate resin of bisphenol Z (PC-C) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 16 except that the siloxane monomer (1) was not used.
- the polycarbonate resin thus obtained had a reduced viscosity [7? Zc] at 20 ° C. of a solution having a concentration of 0.5 gZdl in methylene chloride as a solvent, of 0.89 dlZg. Obtained
- PC-C polycarbonate resin
- Residual potential 0 to 15 V was indicated by ⁇ , and the others were indicated by X.
- Sensitivity The value of 0.85Lux'sec or less was indicated by ⁇ , and the other values were indicated by X.
- the polycarbonate resin of the present invention is suitable as a resin for forming a photosensitive layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention using this polycarbonate resin is a photoreceptor excellent in tallness, slipperiness and abrasion resistance, and can be used in copiers (monochrome, multicolor, full color; analog, digital), It is suitably used in various electrophotographic fields such as printers (lasers, LEDs, liquid crystal shutters), facsimile machines, plate making machines and the like.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
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JP2006513724A JP5009612B2 (ja) | 2004-05-20 | 2005-05-19 | ポリカーボネート樹脂およびこれを用いた電子写真感光体 |
KR1020067024192A KR101206650B1 (ko) | 2004-05-20 | 2005-05-19 | 폴리카보네이트 수지 및 이를 이용한 전자사진 감광체 |
EP05741587.9A EP1757634B2 (en) | 2004-05-20 | 2005-05-19 | Polycarbonate resin and electrophotographic photosensitive member using same |
KR1020127024261A KR101318617B1 (ko) | 2004-05-20 | 2005-05-19 | 폴리카보네이트 수지 및 이를 이용한 전자사진 감광체 |
US13/020,572 USRE43604E1 (en) | 2004-05-20 | 2005-05-19 | Polycarbonate resin and electrophotographic photosensitive member using same |
US11/596,849 US7491346B2 (en) | 2004-05-20 | 2005-05-19 | Polycarbonate resin and electrophotographic photosensitive member using same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2004-150295 | 2004-05-20 | ||
JP2004150295 | 2004-05-20 |
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WO2005113638A1 true WO2005113638A1 (ja) | 2005-12-01 |
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PCT/JP2005/009179 WO2005113638A1 (ja) | 2004-05-20 | 2005-05-19 | ポリカーボネート樹脂およびこれを用いた電子写真感光体 |
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US (2) | USRE43604E1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1757634B2 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP5009612B2 (ja) |
KR (2) | KR101206650B1 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN101624442B (ja) |
TW (2) | TW200604243A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005113638A1 (ja) |
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USRE43604E1 (en) | 2012-08-28 |
CN101624442A (zh) | 2010-01-13 |
US20070241312A1 (en) | 2007-10-18 |
CN101624442B (zh) | 2020-06-30 |
JP5584721B2 (ja) | 2014-09-03 |
JP5009612B2 (ja) | 2012-08-22 |
US7491346B2 (en) | 2009-02-17 |
KR20070012499A (ko) | 2007-01-25 |
EP1757634A1 (en) | 2007-02-28 |
KR101318617B1 (ko) | 2013-10-15 |
JPWO2005113638A1 (ja) | 2008-03-27 |
KR101206650B1 (ko) | 2012-11-29 |
TWI471356B (zh) | 2015-02-01 |
TWI378112B (ja) | 2012-12-01 |
KR20120123143A (ko) | 2012-11-07 |
JP2012122078A (ja) | 2012-06-28 |
CN1957017A (zh) | 2007-05-02 |
TW201241043A (en) | 2012-10-16 |
EP1757634B2 (en) | 2022-05-25 |
TW200604243A (en) | 2006-02-01 |
EP1757634A4 (en) | 2008-08-06 |
CN100567365C (zh) | 2009-12-09 |
EP1757634B1 (en) | 2012-06-06 |
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