WO2005120934A1 - Improvements relating to passenger service vehicles - Google Patents

Improvements relating to passenger service vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005120934A1
WO2005120934A1 PCT/GB2005/001790 GB2005001790W WO2005120934A1 WO 2005120934 A1 WO2005120934 A1 WO 2005120934A1 GB 2005001790 W GB2005001790 W GB 2005001790W WO 2005120934 A1 WO2005120934 A1 WO 2005120934A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
passenger
driver
area
service vehicle
vehicle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2005/001790
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Paul Blair
Original Assignee
Wrightbus Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB0412857A external-priority patent/GB0412857D0/en
Application filed by Wrightbus Limited filed Critical Wrightbus Limited
Priority to DE602005007607T priority Critical patent/DE602005007607D1/en
Priority to EP05741894A priority patent/EP1768890B1/en
Priority to US11/629,160 priority patent/US7891725B2/en
Publication of WO2005120934A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005120934A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D31/00—Superstructures for passenger vehicles
    • B62D31/02—Superstructures for passenger vehicles for carrying large numbers of passengers, e.g. omnibus

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements relating to passenger service vehicles, particularly but not exclusively the driver's area of such vehicles .
  • Passenger service vehicles generally have a frame, two or more wheel axles, such as a front wheel axle and one or more rear wheel axles, each axle having a least two wheels mounted thereon, a driver's area including a driver's seat and driving controls, and a passenger area.
  • the passenger area includes at least one passenger entrance for the boarding and alighting of passengers, usually with one or more doors, and a plurality of passenger seats.
  • a passenger service vehicle having a driver's area including a driver's seat and driving controls and a passenger area including at least one passenger entrance and a plurality of passenger seats, the driver's area being defined by the front of the vehicle, and the foremost portion of each side of the vehicle, and a partitions extending partially, substantially or wholly across a front portion of the passenger service vehicle to separate the driver's area from the passenger area.
  • the partition extends across the width of the vehicle.
  • the partition is substantially concave in shape when viewed from the passenger area, whereby the partition provides increased room in the remainder of the bus compared with the use of a flat partition.
  • the partition may include one or more sections, one of which, preferably a central section, may comprise a door providing access to the driver's area.
  • the passenger service vehicle includes two or more wheel axles, wherein the driver's seat is located wholly or substantially over the front wheel axle.
  • the partition is provided behind the front wheel axle, more preferably immediately behind the front wheel arches of the passenger service vehicle.
  • This positioning of the driver on his seat provides significantly increased elevation for the driver, as well as increased visibility, a major factor in ease of driving any vehicle but especially a passenger service vehicle such as a bus or coach.
  • the driver's area is preferably above the level of at least the adjacent portion of the passenger area.
  • a passenger entrance having one or more doors is provided directly behind the partition separating the driver's area from the passenger area .
  • the passenger area has a flat floor surface, the passenger entrance leading straight onto said flat floor surface without any intervening steps or other obstacles that might impede passengers, particularly those of limited mobility.
  • the partition is formed partly, substantially or wholly of one or more plastics material, and may be partly, substantially or wholly transparent .
  • the driver's area includes a central passageway extending from the adjacent portion of the passenger area. Also preferably, the driver's area includes one or more additional seats or seating.
  • a communication link is provided for enabling communication between the driver in the driver's area and any passengers in the passenger area.
  • the communication link comprises a visual communication link.
  • an elongate duct is provided along a central region of the ceiling of the passenger area of the vehicle within which duct is contained heating conduits, wiring and lighting devices for the passenger area.
  • a passenger service vehicle having a driver's area and a passenger area, the vehicle having a visual communication link between the driver's area and the passenger area permitting communication between the driver and any passengers .
  • the visual communication system is a video link or the like, generally comprising one or more monitors at each end of the link, and generally providing visual and oral communications .
  • that end of the visual communication link for the driver is located forward of the driving position of the driver, such that the driver does not need to significantly alter his driving position to engage with the visual communication link.
  • That end of the link in the passenger area is preferably at or near the forward ost part of the passenger area.
  • the visual communication link may be one way or two way, and preferably includes one or more means at or near the passenger end of the visual communication link for alerting the driver's attention.
  • the visual communication link comprises a driver communication console, and one or more passenger communication consoles.
  • the driver's communication console may be movable, for instance between operational and storable positions .
  • the driver's communication console may be combined with or separate from the normal driver's "dashboard" containing the speedometer and other vehicle condition indicating devices and controls .
  • a passenger service vehicle having two or more wheel axles, wherein the driver's seat is located wholly or substantially over the front wheel axle.
  • a passenger service vehicle having a driver's area at the front thereof, wherein that part of the front and side portions of the driver's area visible to the driver in a normal driving position is wholly or substantially transparent, and preferably formed of glass or another transparent material, and preferably including leg and feet areas.
  • the passenger service vehicle of the present invention can be any form of bus, coach, etc., designed to carry passengers, such vehicles being generally well known in the art.
  • the passenger service vehicle may be single-or double-decked, and includes hybrid vehicles or trams and the like.
  • the passenger service vehicle comprises a low floor bus.
  • the bus may be articulated, that is having front and rear sections interconnected by means of a pivot axis to permit articulation of the vehicle during turns, both front and rear sections having passenger seating capacity.
  • the motive unit such as an internal combustion engine, may be provided in either the front or rear section of the bus .
  • Figure 1 is top view of the front portion of a passenger service vehicle according to one aspect of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a side view of the vehicle of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic and perspective forward facing view of the driver area of the vehicle in Figures 1 and 2;
  • Figure 4 is a view from Arrow A in Figure 1 and 3.
  • the figures show the front portion of a passenger service vehicle 2, having an area for the driver 4.
  • This driver's area 4 is separated from the remainder of the passenger service vehicle 2, comprising the passenger area including a plurality of passenger seats and at least one passenger entrance, by a series of parts generally forming a concave partition 6.
  • the concave partition 6 forms a generally pleasing and aesthetic arrangement that extends wholly across the front of the vehicle 2.
  • the middle part of the partition 6 is hinged to form a door portion 10.
  • the door portion 10 and passenger-side panel 12 are wholly or substantially transparent so as to increase the view and thus disposition of the forward most passengers.
  • the driver-side part 14 of the concave partition can be solid, and preferably includes a monitor 15 or the like for visual communication between the passengers and the driver.
  • the driver 16 and his seat 24 are located above the axle of the front wheels 8.
  • the driver 16 and his seat 24 are located further away from the nearest side frame of the vehicle 2 than in prior art buses, and further away from the frame at the front of the vehicle 2 than before.
  • This driver position is different to that in any other previous passenger service vehicle, and provides the driver with significantly increased ergonomics as well as significantly increased visibility.
  • the front and side windows 18 extend the length and width of the seated driver 16. This includes the area around the driver's legs and feet. Altogether, there is significantly increased visibility for the driver both around himself, and to outside vehicle 2.
  • a curved display panel is provided in or adjacent the upper region of the front window for displaying information identifying the destination of the vehicle and/or information identifying the vehicle or providing any other information relating to the vehicle or its operation.
  • the driver's area 4 is in a raised position compared with the general floor level 22 of the passenger area of the vehicle. This floor level of the drivers area 4 is located above both front wheel arches, as most clearly shown in Figure 2. This raised position helps provide the driver 16 with the increased visibility herein described.
  • the general floor area 22 is generally flat and at the same level as the door area 23 such that the door area leads straight into the passenger seating area without any intervening steps or other obstacles which might impede passengers, particularly those of limited mobility.
  • the driver's position is on one side of the area 4, depending upon whether the vehicle is left hand drive, or right hand drive (as shown in the drawings) .
  • a monitor for the driver 16 could be located forwardly and centrally in the driver's area 4, and designed to move, possibly by rotation and/or extension, between a non-use position, and a use position when the driver 16 is in his driving position.
  • the monitor could be mounted above and in front of the driver's head or in any other suitable position whereby the driver can view the monitor without having to take his attention from the road ahead.
  • the position of the driver 16 reduces distraction of the driver during movement of the vehicle 2 by passengers, thereby significantly increasing safety of the vehicle 2 during motion.
  • the driver 16 is located on a seat 24 for driving the vehicle 2, and is located in front of the steering wheel and general vehicle controls 26.
  • the driver's area 4 preferably includes seating 28 for another driver, or driver assistant, or other person such as a vehicle employee. This user also has the significantly increased visibility afforded to the driver 16.
  • the passenger service vehicle 2 generally being a bus or coach or the like, has an enhanced visibility driver's area 4, which area can be separated from the passenger area by the concave partition arrangement 6.
  • the partition 6 may be solid or otherwise toughened, in order to provide the driver with protection against unwanted actions by passengers, whilst not hindering the views of on- board passengers.
  • monitors 15 also enhances driver safety, and reduces distraction of the driver by passengers.
  • the size and shape of the front window 18 of the vehicle 2 significantly increases the view and visibility of the driver.
  • the present invention provides features and aspects adapted to improve passenger service vehicles, and in particular the ergonomics of the driver.

Abstract

A passenger service vehicle (2) having a driver's area (4) including a driver's seat (24) and driving controls (26) and a passenger area including at least one passenger entrance and a plurality of passenger seats, the driver's area (4) being defined by the front of the vehicle, and the foremost portion of each side of the vehicle, and a partitions (6) extending partially, substantially or wholly across a front portion of the passenger service vehicle to separate the driver's area (4) from the passenger area.

Description

Improvements relating to passenger service vehicles
The present invention relates to improvements relating to passenger service vehicles, particularly but not exclusively the driver's area of such vehicles .
Passenger service vehicles generally have a frame, two or more wheel axles, such as a front wheel axle and one or more rear wheel axles, each axle having a least two wheels mounted thereon, a driver's area including a driver's seat and driving controls, and a passenger area. The passenger area includes at least one passenger entrance for the boarding and alighting of passengers, usually with one or more doors, and a plurality of passenger seats.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a passenger service vehicle having a driver's area including a driver's seat and driving controls and a passenger area including at least one passenger entrance and a plurality of passenger seats, the driver's area being defined by the front of the vehicle, and the foremost portion of each side of the vehicle, and a partitions extending partially, substantially or wholly across a front portion of the passenger service vehicle to separate the driver's area from the passenger area.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the partition extends across the width of the vehicle.
Preferably the partition is substantially concave in shape when viewed from the passenger area, whereby the partition provides increased room in the remainder of the bus compared with the use of a flat partition.
The partition may include one or more sections, one of which, preferably a central section, may comprise a door providing access to the driver's area.
In a preferred embodiment the passenger service vehicle includes two or more wheel axles, wherein the driver's seat is located wholly or substantially over the front wheel axle. Preferably the partition is provided behind the front wheel axle, more preferably immediately behind the front wheel arches of the passenger service vehicle.
This positioning of the driver on his seat provides significantly increased elevation for the driver, as well as increased visibility, a major factor in ease of driving any vehicle but especially a passenger service vehicle such as a bus or coach.
The driver's area is preferably above the level of at least the adjacent portion of the passenger area. Preferably a passenger entrance having one or more doors is provided directly behind the partition separating the driver's area from the passenger area .
In a preferred embodiment the passenger area has a flat floor surface, the passenger entrance leading straight onto said flat floor surface without any intervening steps or other obstacles that might impede passengers, particularly those of limited mobility.
Preferably, there are located one or more steps between the floor of the driver area and the floor of the adjacent portion of the passenger area.
Preferably, the partition is formed partly, substantially or wholly of one or more plastics material, and may be partly, substantially or wholly transparent .
Preferably, the driver's area includes a central passageway extending from the adjacent portion of the passenger area. Also preferably, the driver's area includes one or more additional seats or seating.
Preferably a communication link is provided for enabling communication between the driver in the driver's area and any passengers in the passenger area. In a preferred embodiment the communication link comprises a visual communication link.
Preferably an elongate duct is provided along a central region of the ceiling of the passenger area of the vehicle within which duct is contained heating conduits, wiring and lighting devices for the passenger area.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a passenger service vehicle having a driver's area and a passenger area, the vehicle having a visual communication link between the driver's area and the passenger area permitting communication between the driver and any passengers .
Preferably, the visual communication system is a video link or the like, generally comprising one or more monitors at each end of the link, and generally providing visual and oral communications .
According to one embodiment of the present invention, that end of the visual communication link for the driver is located forward of the driving position of the driver, such that the driver does not need to significantly alter his driving position to engage with the visual communication link. That end of the link in the passenger area is preferably at or near the forward ost part of the passenger area.
The visual communication link may be one way or two way, and preferably includes one or more means at or near the passenger end of the visual communication link for alerting the driver's attention.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the visual communication link comprises a driver communication console, and one or more passenger communication consoles. The driver's communication console may be movable, for instance between operational and storable positions . The driver's communication console may be combined with or separate from the normal driver's "dashboard" containing the speedometer and other vehicle condition indicating devices and controls .
According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a passenger service vehicle having two or more wheel axles, wherein the driver's seat is located wholly or substantially over the front wheel axle.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a passenger service vehicle having a driver's area at the front thereof, wherein that part of the front and side portions of the driver's area visible to the driver in a normal driving position is wholly or substantially transparent, and preferably formed of glass or another transparent material, and preferably including leg and feet areas.
The passenger service vehicle of the present invention can be any form of bus, coach, etc., designed to carry passengers, such vehicles being generally well known in the art. The passenger service vehicle may be single-or double-decked, and includes hybrid vehicles or trams and the like. In a preferred embodiment the passenger service vehicle comprises a low floor bus. The bus may be articulated, that is having front and rear sections interconnected by means of a pivot axis to permit articulation of the vehicle during turns, both front and rear sections having passenger seating capacity. Where the bus is articulated the motive unit, such as an internal combustion engine, may be provided in either the front or rear section of the bus .
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example only, and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is top view of the front portion of a passenger service vehicle according to one aspect of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a side view of the vehicle of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a schematic and perspective forward facing view of the driver area of the vehicle in Figures 1 and 2; and
Figure 4 is a view from Arrow A in Figure 1 and 3.
Referring to the drawings, the figures show the front portion of a passenger service vehicle 2, having an area for the driver 4. This driver's area 4 is separated from the remainder of the passenger service vehicle 2, comprising the passenger area including a plurality of passenger seats and at least one passenger entrance, by a series of parts generally forming a concave partition 6. The concave partition 6 forms a generally pleasing and aesthetic arrangement that extends wholly across the front of the vehicle 2.
The middle part of the partition 6 is hinged to form a door portion 10. Preferably, the door portion 10 and passenger-side panel 12 are wholly or substantially transparent so as to increase the view and thus disposition of the forward most passengers. The driver-side part 14 of the concave partition can be solid, and preferably includes a monitor 15 or the like for visual communication between the passengers and the driver.
The driver 16 and his seat 24 are located above the axle of the front wheels 8. The driver 16 and his seat 24 are located further away from the nearest side frame of the vehicle 2 than in prior art buses, and further away from the frame at the front of the vehicle 2 than before. This driver position is different to that in any other previous passenger service vehicle, and provides the driver with significantly increased ergonomics as well as significantly increased visibility. This can be seen from the drawings, where the majority of the front and side views of the driver in a normal driving position are transparent. As shown in Figure 2 especially, the front and side windows 18 extend the length and width of the seated driver 16. This includes the area around the driver's legs and feet. Altogether, there is significantly increased visibility for the driver both around himself, and to outside vehicle 2.
The position of the driver, located further away from the nearest side frame of the vehicle 2 and further away from the frame at the front of the vehicle 2 than prior art buses, enables the front of the bus to have increased curvature in plan view, providing aerodynamic benefits.
A curved display panel is provided in or adjacent the upper region of the front window for displaying information identifying the destination of the vehicle and/or information identifying the vehicle or providing any other information relating to the vehicle or its operation.
The driver's area 4 is in a raised position compared with the general floor level 22 of the passenger area of the vehicle. This floor level of the drivers area 4 is located above both front wheel arches, as most clearly shown in Figure 2. This raised position helps provide the driver 16 with the increased visibility herein described.
The general floor area 22 is generally flat and at the same level as the door area 23 such that the door area leads straight into the passenger seating area without any intervening steps or other obstacles which might impede passengers, particularly those of limited mobility.
Between the door portion 10 of the partition 6 and the driver's area floor level 20, there are two steps 20. Thereafter, the driver's position is on one side of the area 4, depending upon whether the vehicle is left hand drive, or right hand drive (as shown in the drawings) . A monitor for the driver 16 (not shown) to communicate with passengers (via their monitor 15) could be located forwardly and centrally in the driver's area 4, and designed to move, possibly by rotation and/or extension, between a non-use position, and a use position when the driver 16 is in his driving position. Alternatively the monitor could be mounted above and in front of the driver's head or in any other suitable position whereby the driver can view the monitor without having to take his attention from the road ahead. The position of the driver 16 reduces distraction of the driver during movement of the vehicle 2 by passengers, thereby significantly increasing safety of the vehicle 2 during motion.
The driver 16 is located on a seat 24 for driving the vehicle 2, and is located in front of the steering wheel and general vehicle controls 26. The driver's area 4 preferably includes seating 28 for another driver, or driver assistant, or other person such as a vehicle employee. This user also has the significantly increased visibility afforded to the driver 16.
In general, the passenger service vehicle 2, generally being a bus or coach or the like, has an enhanced visibility driver's area 4, which area can be separated from the passenger area by the concave partition arrangement 6. The partition 6 may be solid or otherwise toughened, in order to provide the driver with protection against unwanted actions by passengers, whilst not hindering the views of on- board passengers. The use of monitors 15 also enhances driver safety, and reduces distraction of the driver by passengers.
The size and shape of the front window 18 of the vehicle 2 significantly increases the view and visibility of the driver.
The present invention provides features and aspects adapted to improve passenger service vehicles, and in particular the ergonomics of the driver.

Claims

Claims
1. A passenger service vehicle having a driver's area including a driver's seat and driving controls and a passenger area including at least one passenger entrance and a plurality of passenger seats, the driver's area being defined by the front of the vehicle, and the foremost portion of each side of the vehicle, and a partitions extending partially, substantially or wholly across a front portion of the passenger service vehicle to separate the driver's area from the passenger area.
2. A passenger service vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the partition extends across the width of the vehicle.
3. A passenger service vehicle as claimed in claim 2, wherein the partition is substantially concave in shape when viewed from the passenger area.
4. A passenger service vehicle as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the partition includes one or more sections, one of which, preferably a central section, preferably comprising a door providing access to the driver's area.
5. A passenger service vehicle as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the passenger service vehicle includes two or more wheel axles, wherein the driver's seat is located wholly or substantially over the front wheel axle, the partition being provided behind the front wheel axle, more preferably immediately behind the front wheel arches of the passenger service vehicle.
6. A passenger service vehicle as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the driver's area is above the level of at least the adjacent portion of the passenger area.
7. A passenger service vehicle as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein a passenger entrance having one or more doors is provided directly behind the partition separating the driver's area from the passenger area.
8. A passenger service vehicle as claimed in claim 7, wherein the passenger area has a flat floor surface, the passenger entrance leading straight onto said flat floor surface without any intervening steps or other obstacles that might impede passengers .
9. A passenger service vehicle as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein there are located one or more steps between the floor of the driver area and the floor of the adjacent portion of the passenger area.
10. A passenger service vehicle as claimed in any preceding claim wherein, the partition is formed partly, substantially or wholly of one or more plastics material, and may be partly, substantially or wholly transparent.
11. A passenger service vehicle as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the driver's area includes a central passageway extending from the adjacent portion of the passenger area.
12. A passenger service vehicle as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the driver's area includes one or more additional seats or seating in addition to a driver's seat.
13. A passenger service vehicle as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein a communication link is provided for enabling communication between the driver in the driver's area and any passengers in the passenger area, preferably a visual communication link.
14. A passenger service vehicle as claimed in ay preceding claim , wherein an elongate duct is provided along a central region of the ceiling of the passenger area of the vehicle within which duct is contained heating conduits, wiring and lighting devices for the passenger area.
15. A passenger service vehicle having a driver's area and a passenger area, the vehicle having a visual communication link between the driver's area and the passenger area permitting communication between the driver and any passengers.
16. A passenger service vehicle as claimed in claim 15, wherein the visual communication system is a video link or the like, generally comprising one or more monitors at each end of the link, and generally providing visual and oral communications.
17. A passenger service vehicle as claimed in claim 15 or claim 16, wherein that end of the visual communication link for the driver is located forward of the driving position of the driver.
18. A passenger service vehicle as claimed in any of claim 15 to 17, wherein The visual communication includes one or more means at or near the passenger end of the visual communication link for alerting the driver's attention.
19. A passenger service vehicle having a driver's area at the front thereof, wherein that part of the front and side portions of the driver's area visible to the driver in a normal driving position is wholly or substantially transparent, and preferably formed of glass or another transparent material, and preferably including leg and eet areas .
PCT/GB2005/001790 2004-06-09 2005-05-12 Improvements relating to passenger service vehicles WO2005120934A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE602005007607T DE602005007607D1 (en) 2004-06-09 2005-05-12 IMPROVEMENTS FOR PASSENGER SERVICE VEHICLES
EP05741894A EP1768890B1 (en) 2004-06-09 2005-05-12 Improvements relating to passenger service vehicles
US11/629,160 US7891725B2 (en) 2004-06-09 2005-05-12 Passenger service vehicles

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0412857A GB0412857D0 (en) 2004-06-09 2004-06-09 Improvements relating to passenger service vehicle
GB0412857.5 2004-06-09
GB0420934.2 2004-09-21
GB0420934A GB0420934D0 (en) 2004-06-09 2004-09-21 Improvements relating to passenger service vehicles

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005120934A1 true WO2005120934A1 (en) 2005-12-22

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ID=34968727

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2005/001790 WO2005120934A1 (en) 2004-06-09 2005-05-12 Improvements relating to passenger service vehicles

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US7891725B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1768890B1 (en)
DE (1) DE602005007607D1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005120934A1 (en)

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US9764779B2 (en) * 2014-01-30 2017-09-19 Edward P Grech Bus with a panoramic front window
US10596989B2 (en) 2016-05-12 2020-03-24 Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation Driver's barrier door with powered window
CN113942580B (en) * 2021-11-22 2023-03-28 郑州宇通重工有限公司 Special vehicle body with double bearing structures

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US2267509A (en) * 1941-01-14 1941-12-23 Ceylon P Strong Motor-vehicle construction
US4035014A (en) * 1975-12-16 1977-07-12 Sellers Troy V Bullet-resistant retractable shield assembly
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US5069497A (en) * 1991-02-06 1991-12-03 Ryder Truck Rental, Inc. Parcel van door
WO2000050269A1 (en) * 1999-02-22 2000-08-31 Jerry Moscovitch Partition for the interior of a motor vehicle
DE19923188A1 (en) * 1999-05-20 2000-11-23 Daimler Chrysler Ag Vehicle esp. motor car with passenger compartment in front and partition dividing rear space with at least 1 air conditioning system with 1 or more fans and evaporators
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1768890A1 (en) 2007-04-04
US20070252400A1 (en) 2007-11-01
EP1768890B1 (en) 2008-06-18
DE602005007607D1 (en) 2008-07-31
US7891725B2 (en) 2011-02-22

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