WO2006004921A2 - Micro-castellated interposer - Google Patents
Micro-castellated interposer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006004921A2 WO2006004921A2 PCT/US2005/023270 US2005023270W WO2006004921A2 WO 2006004921 A2 WO2006004921 A2 WO 2006004921A2 US 2005023270 W US2005023270 W US 2005023270W WO 2006004921 A2 WO2006004921 A2 WO 2006004921A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- printed wiring
- wiring board
- castellations
- micro
- parent
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/48—Manufacture or treatment of parts, e.g. containers, prior to assembly of the devices, using processes not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326
- H01L21/4814—Conductive parts
- H01L21/4846—Leads on or in insulating or insulated substrates, e.g. metallisation
- H01L21/485—Adaptation of interconnections, e.g. engineering charges, repair techniques
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/48—Manufacture or treatment of parts, e.g. containers, prior to assembly of the devices, using processes not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/48—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor
- H01L23/488—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor consisting of soldered or bonded constructions
- H01L23/498—Leads, i.e. metallisations or lead-frames on insulating substrates, e.g. chip carriers
- H01L23/49805—Leads, i.e. metallisations or lead-frames on insulating substrates, e.g. chip carriers the leads being also applied on the sidewalls or the bottom of the substrate, e.g. leadless packages for surface mounting
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/14—Structural association of two or more printed circuits
- H05K1/141—One or more single auxiliary printed circuits mounted on a main printed circuit, e.g. modules, adapters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/40—Forming printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits
- H05K3/403—Edge contacts; Windows or holes in the substrate having plural connections on the walls thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/06—Thermal details
- H05K2201/068—Thermal details wherein the coefficient of thermal expansion is important
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/09—Shape and layout
- H05K2201/09009—Substrate related
- H05K2201/09063—Holes or slots in insulating substrate not used for electrical connections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/09—Shape and layout
- H05K2201/09145—Edge details
- H05K2201/09181—Notches in edge pads
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/09—Shape and layout
- H05K2201/09209—Shape and layout details of conductors
- H05K2201/095—Conductive through-holes or vias
- H05K2201/09645—Patterning on via walls; Plural lands around one hole
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/22—Secondary treatment of printed circuits
- H05K3/225—Correcting or repairing of printed circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/34—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering
- H05K3/341—Surface mounted components
- H05K3/3431—Leadless components
- H05K3/3442—Leadless components having edge contacts, e.g. leadless chip capacitors, chip carriers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to packaging of highly reliable, high ⁇ speed complex electronics, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for reworking circuits using a micro-castellated interconnect board with its related electrical parts and affixing it to the circuitry.
- An existing prior art device or method uses a custom hybrid part, which internally incorporates the electrical wiring changes with mount die(s) containing the affected parts and provides environmental protection for the electronics.
- a custom part is very expensive, requires extensive lead- time and is not compliant to the volume allocated to the existing electronics. This method is not adequate for an individual revision as it is cost prohibitive. It can only be utilized for multiple or similar revisions to a large quantity of printed wiring boards (PWB's).
- Scrapping product and re-layout of circuitry is costly and often causes delays in build schedules. Manual rework is not exact, is prone to human error and adds additional expense due to the use of highly skilled labor. Additionally, some product still gets scrapped due to damage during repair and the rework is not precise and may introduce variability in electrical integrity.
- a re-layout of the base circuit board can accomplish the same function, that of rewiring, accommodating part changes and providing high reliability, however this approach would be extremely expensive. Additionally, this method may introduce additional errors in re-layout of complex very high-density circuitry by rerouting of critical signals. Other devices, such as individual parts can accomplish one of the desired outcomes but not all three, wiring changes, part changes, and high reliability.
- US Patent No. 6,377,464 B1 is a device which may have castellations for termination, but does not address durability of the interconnect. In fact, the method described for constellating a part lacks features, which could provide the necessary durability, namely bottom pads.
- US Patent No. 5,247,423 has 1/2 vias which form periphery castellations allowing leads, wires or solder filled springs, to be attached and provide the interconnect to the parent printed wiring board.
- the present invention is a durable leadless interconnect.
- US Patent No. 5,069,626 is a molded plastic device, which is molded to allow plating of castellations, which have additional geometry attachment to the parent printed wiring board. While it mentions that the individual
- solder joint geometry is critical to sustaining the thermally induced strains to meet the necessary durability.
- the present invention forms a robust methodology for accommodating part and/or circuitry changes to an existing printed wiring board while allowing for automated assembly. It provides these capabilities without incorporation of additional hardware, namely leads or flexible circuitry. It also allows a method for accommodating parts, materials and geometries that are disparate with the parent's materials and geometries.
- a primary object of the present invention is to provide a micro castellated interposer, which has the ability to accommodate different wiring paths, part changes and/or new parts and maintain the original high level of reliability of the circuit board assembly.
- a primary advantage of the present invention is that it provides a means for circuitry and part changes at the lowest cost with the highest reliability without compromising performance.
- Fig. 1 shows the preferred embodiment of the micro-castellated printed wiring board.
- Fig. 2 shows the embodiment of Fig. 1 populated with components.
- Fig. 3 shows the embodiment of Fig. 2 mounted on a parent board.
- Fig. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the present invention using partially occluded micro-castellations. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
- the present invention comprises a small but common printed circuit board, which can be manufactured with conventional high precision techniques.
- the layout of this printed circuit board which can be done in- house to accommodate interface data from the parent circuit card assembly, uses standard trace routing and interconnect (through-holes) found in printed circuit applications. Exact shape, layering and interconnect are determined at the time of laying out the circuitry. Replacement parts and additional parts are incorporated into the circuitry.
- the micro-castellations which will subsequently interconnect the micro-castellated interconnect board to its parent are placed to optimize circuitry issues while ensuring a robust solder joint which provides the interconnect. Manufacturing methods for the micro-castellated features may vary depending upon the design intent.
- This design once completed is panelized to provide fabrication efficiency for the circuit board house and enable a multiple up build of micro- castellated circuits on the manufacturing floor.
- the panelized micro-castellated circuits are built up with parts using standard high precision surface mount assembly methods and machines to form micro-castellated assemblies. These individual assemblies are then separated and are available for stocking or use on the parent assembly.
- the design of these castellated "leadless" solder joints comprises two distinct stress areas. One area is the pad to pad region commonly called the foot of the solder joint, which is relatively thin and is stressed predominately by sheering forces. The other area known as the toe is the solder that forms a fillet between the castellated solder joint and the remaining pad area.
- Printed wiring board 101 includes micro- castellated through-hole vias 111 that form the micro-castellated solder joints
- micro-castellated vias 111 are designed to align with surface features on the parent printed wring board 125 (Fig.3).
- the micro-castellated printed wiring board 101 is populated with changed circuitry devices, such as a microcircuits 113, resistors 115, and/or capacitors 117. These devices are soldered to the micro-castellated printed wiring board 101 making the micro-castellated circuit card assembly
- This micro-castellated circuit assembly 119 embodies the replacement circuitry for parent printed wiring board 125.
- the micro-castellated circuit card assembly 119 is mounted on the parent printed wiring board 125.
- the micro-castellations 111 are soldered directly to the surface pads 121 forming robust leadless surface mount solder joints 123.
- the robustness of the solder joints results from choosing the correct material properties for the micro-castellated interposer, designing the castellations/pad geometry in relation to the current parent pad geometry to form adequate solder joints/fillets and designing pad geometry to accommodate part geometries.
- the materials include the selection of printed wiring board materials whose properties account for a coefficient of expansion differences between the mounted parts and the parent printed wiring board.
- Solder durability analysis of the geometries and materials is performed in the design stage to ensure that the micro- castellated interposer provides robust solder joints for the parts as well as the interconnect to the parent printed wiring board.
- These include a pad to castellation geometry ratio, which ensures that the resultant solder geometry is capable of accommodating thermal induced stresses between parts, the micro-castellated printed wiring board and the parent printed wiring board.
- the manufacturing method includes supplying the correct solder volume to produce the correct geometry solder joint.
- the parent printed wiring board is made of commercial woven E-glass/epoxy with a coefficient of expansion (CTE) of 15 (parts per million / degree Celsius) and the new parts to be added to the circuitry are ceramic parts with CTE of 7 (ppm/°C), then the Micro-castellated Interposer board would preferably be designed out of woven aramid/multi-functional epoxy with a CTE in between the parts and the parent printed wiring board.
- CTE coefficient of expansion
- Optional design and construction methods 127 shown in Fig. 4 allow use of partially occluded micro-castellations 133. This design methodology permits use of additional area for routing circuitry 131 and use of additional devices 129.
- the partially occluded castellations 133 are soldered to the parent printed wiring board 125 surface pads 121, forming robust leadless surface mount solder joints 123.
- fully occluded micro-castellations 137 may be utilized as in Fig 5.
- the fully occluded micro-castellated printed wring board 135 offers maximum board area for a slight reduction in solder joint reliability.
- micro-castellations are located anywhere on the micro-castellated printed wiring board, including underneath device bodies and permitting their integration into the device land patterns.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05769151A EP1774582A2 (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2005-06-29 | Micro-castellated interposer |
JP2007519429A JP2008505498A (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2005-06-29 | Interposer with micro-castellation |
KR1020077002237A KR101318669B1 (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2005-06-29 | Micro-castellated interposer |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US58402504P | 2004-06-30 | 2004-06-30 | |
US60/584,025 | 2004-06-30 | ||
US11/136,120 | 2005-05-24 | ||
US11/136,120 US7507914B2 (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2005-05-24 | Micro-castellated interposer |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006004921A2 true WO2006004921A2 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
WO2006004921A3 WO2006004921A3 (en) | 2006-09-21 |
Family
ID=34973160
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2005/023270 WO2006004921A2 (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2005-06-29 | Micro-castellated interposer |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7507914B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1774582A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2008505498A (en) |
KR (1) | KR101318669B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006004921A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2009152535A (en) * | 2007-12-18 | 2009-07-09 | Samsung Electro Mech Co Ltd | Method of manufacturing semiconductor package, and semiconductor plastic package using the same |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2953678B1 (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2013-05-03 | Sagem Defense Securite | ADDITIONAL ELECTRONIC MODULE AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE COMPRISING SUCH A MODULE |
US8638568B2 (en) * | 2010-08-27 | 2014-01-28 | Steering Solutions Ip Holding Corporation | Mounted circuit card assembly |
US8472205B2 (en) | 2010-12-30 | 2013-06-25 | Research In Motion Limited | Adaptive printed circuit board connector |
WO2013015327A1 (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2013-01-31 | 京セラ株式会社 | Wiring substrate, electronic device, and electronic module |
TWI444113B (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2014-07-01 | Tong Hsing Electronic Ind Ltd | A circuit board with a hierarchical conductive unit |
US9601857B2 (en) | 2013-05-23 | 2017-03-21 | Pulse Electronics, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for terminating wire wound electronic devices |
US9716344B2 (en) * | 2013-07-02 | 2017-07-25 | Pulse Electronics, Inc. | Apparatus for terminating wire wound electronic components to an insert header assembly |
US20150022302A1 (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2015-01-22 | Pulse Electronics, Inc. | Metalized plastic header apparatus and methods of manufacture and use |
JP6298630B2 (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2018-03-20 | 株式会社メガチップス | Component mounting module and component mounting method |
JP2016213406A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2016-12-15 | 株式会社ジェイテクト | Semiconductor module |
US9974174B1 (en) | 2016-10-26 | 2018-05-15 | Nxp Usa, Inc. | Package to board interconnect structure with built-in reference plane structure |
US10143084B2 (en) | 2016-12-15 | 2018-11-27 | Nxp Usa, Inc. | Plated opening with vent path |
CN108811320A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2018-11-13 | 乾坤科技股份有限公司 | electronic module and circuit board |
US10290666B2 (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2019-05-14 | Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Semiconductor Display Technology Co., Ltd | Thin film transistor (TFT) array substrates and manufacturing methods thereof |
US10660201B2 (en) * | 2018-02-22 | 2020-05-19 | Dexcom, Inc. | Sensor interposer employing castellated through-vias |
US11510351B2 (en) | 2019-01-04 | 2022-11-22 | Engent, Inc. | Systems and methods for precision placement of components |
JP7265878B2 (en) * | 2019-02-12 | 2023-04-27 | アルプスアルパイン株式会社 | input device |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH03152994A (en) * | 1989-11-09 | 1991-06-28 | Nec Corp | Manufacture of printed wiring board |
EP0948049A1 (en) * | 1998-03-03 | 1999-10-06 | Ching-Kuang Tzuang | Dual-mode microwave/millimeter wave integrated circuit package |
US6144090A (en) * | 1997-02-13 | 2000-11-07 | Fujitsu Limited | Ball grid array package having electrodes on peripheral side surfaces of a package board |
US20010032740A1 (en) * | 2000-01-13 | 2001-10-25 | Kennedy John D. | Microwave package |
Family Cites Families (17)
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US5069626A (en) | 1987-07-01 | 1991-12-03 | Western Digital Corporation | Plated plastic castellated interconnect for electrical components |
US4907128A (en) * | 1988-12-15 | 1990-03-06 | Grumman Aerospace Corporation | Chip to multilevel circuit board bonding |
US5247423A (en) | 1992-05-26 | 1993-09-21 | Motorola, Inc. | Stacking three dimensional leadless multi-chip module and method for making the same |
JPH08204308A (en) * | 1995-01-20 | 1996-08-09 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | Connecting body for electronic components and substrate |
JPH09298351A (en) * | 1996-05-01 | 1997-11-18 | Nec Corp | Circuit pattern converting subprinted board |
JPH11214820A (en) * | 1998-01-27 | 1999-08-06 | Nec Eng Ltd | Mounting structure for lcc |
JP2000124366A (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 2000-04-28 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | Mounting structure of electronic component |
JP2000164764A (en) * | 1998-11-26 | 2000-06-16 | Kyocera Corp | Mounting structure for high-frequency wiring board |
US6377464B1 (en) | 1999-01-29 | 2002-04-23 | Conexant Systems, Inc. | Multiple chip module with integrated RF capabilities |
JP3286917B2 (en) * | 1999-05-06 | 2002-05-27 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Electronic component packages and electronic components |
JP3664001B2 (en) * | 1999-10-25 | 2005-06-22 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Method for manufacturing module substrate |
JP3758947B2 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2006-03-22 | 株式会社住友金属エレクトロデバイス | Ceramic package |
JP2004523908A (en) * | 2001-01-17 | 2004-08-05 | ハネウェル・インターナショナル・インコーポレーテッド | Adapters for plastic leaded chip carriers (PLCC) and other surface mount technology (SMT) chip carriers |
JP2003133682A (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2003-05-09 | Opnext Japan Inc | High frequency circuit and optical transmission module using the same |
US6609915B2 (en) | 2001-11-30 | 2003-08-26 | Fci Americas Technology | Interconnect for electrically connecting a multichip module to a circuit substrate and processes for making and using same |
JP2003243556A (en) * | 2002-02-19 | 2003-08-29 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | Stacked substrate |
JP4046218B2 (en) * | 2002-07-29 | 2008-02-13 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Electronic equipment |
-
2005
- 2005-05-24 US US11/136,120 patent/US7507914B2/en active Active
- 2005-06-29 EP EP05769151A patent/EP1774582A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-06-29 KR KR1020077002237A patent/KR101318669B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-06-29 WO PCT/US2005/023270 patent/WO2006004921A2/en active Application Filing
- 2005-06-29 JP JP2007519429A patent/JP2008505498A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH03152994A (en) * | 1989-11-09 | 1991-06-28 | Nec Corp | Manufacture of printed wiring board |
US6144090A (en) * | 1997-02-13 | 2000-11-07 | Fujitsu Limited | Ball grid array package having electrodes on peripheral side surfaces of a package board |
EP0948049A1 (en) * | 1998-03-03 | 1999-10-06 | Ching-Kuang Tzuang | Dual-mode microwave/millimeter wave integrated circuit package |
US20010032740A1 (en) * | 2000-01-13 | 2001-10-25 | Kennedy John D. | Microwave package |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 015, no. 383 (E-1116), 27 September 1991 (1991-09-27) -& JP 03 152994 A (NEC CORP), 28 June 1991 (1991-06-28) * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2009152535A (en) * | 2007-12-18 | 2009-07-09 | Samsung Electro Mech Co Ltd | Method of manufacturing semiconductor package, and semiconductor plastic package using the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR101318669B1 (en) | 2013-10-16 |
EP1774582A2 (en) | 2007-04-18 |
US7507914B2 (en) | 2009-03-24 |
US20060000638A1 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
WO2006004921A3 (en) | 2006-09-21 |
KR20070039570A (en) | 2007-04-12 |
JP2008505498A (en) | 2008-02-21 |
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