WO2006024532A1 - Gas flow control in a ventilator - Google Patents
Gas flow control in a ventilator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006024532A1 WO2006024532A1 PCT/EP2005/009438 EP2005009438W WO2006024532A1 WO 2006024532 A1 WO2006024532 A1 WO 2006024532A1 EP 2005009438 W EP2005009438 W EP 2005009438W WO 2006024532 A1 WO2006024532 A1 WO 2006024532A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ventilator
- flow
- conduit
- valve
- gas
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
- A61M16/12—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by mixing different gases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/20—Valves specially adapted to medical respiratory devices
- A61M16/201—Controlled valves
- A61M16/202—Controlled valves electrically actuated
- A61M16/203—Proportional
- A61M16/204—Proportional used for inhalation control
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
- A61M16/1005—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours with O2 features or with parameter measurement
- A61M16/101—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours with O2 features or with parameter measurement using an oxygen concentrator
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
- A61M2016/0015—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure inhalation detectors
- A61M2016/0018—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure inhalation detectors electrical
- A61M2016/0021—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure inhalation detectors electrical with a proportional output signal, e.g. from a thermistor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
- A61M2016/0027—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure pressure meter
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
- A61M2016/003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter
- A61M2016/0033—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter electrical
- A61M2016/0039—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter electrical in the inspiratory circuit
Definitions
- a first valve 34 controls the mixing of the first gas and the second gas
- a second valve 36 control the pressure and/or flow of the gas mixture provided to the patient, as indicated by arrow A.
- Valves 34 and 36 are typically proportional valves, which are commercially available in a number of different variants. Such valves usually comprise an electromagnet, a membrane that usually is made of rubber, and a valve seat. The amount or percentage that the valve is opened is determined by the current flowing through the electromagnet. The resulting gas flow is approximately proportional to the current.
- restrictor 62 is also configured such that the gas flow through the restriction is sufficient to provide an adequate ventilation of the patient with a certain pre-determined gas volume, e.g., a maximum minute volume.
- the flow restriction created by restrictor 62 is at least two times greater than a resistance along the conduit from valve 36 to the patient.
- restrictor 62 is configured to have a pre-determined pressure- flow curve.
- This curve may have any one of a variety of configurations, for example linear or non-linear.
- a variety of configurations for restrictor 62 are contemplated by the present invention to provide the desired pressure- flow curve.
- the restrictor may take the form of a fixed element, such as a net, mesh, screen, aerodynamically shaped element or elements, disposed in the flow path of conduit 42.
- the restrictor may also include one or more movable elements, such as flaps, slats, vanes, that alter the opening or geometry of the restrictor with changes in the pressure or flow to which the restrictor is subject.
- the restriction provided by restrictor 62 is variable so that the amount of fluid communication between volumes V B and Vc can be dynamically adjusted, e.g., for low minute volumes, the restriction is adjusted to a maximum value, so that the control of the pressure in volume Vc is as fast as possible. This is particularly advantageous in the ventilation of children or neonates, in which case it should be possible to control small minute volumes with high accuracy and with quickness of the pressure control. Likewise, where large minute volumes are needed, the restriction may also be released, such that still a restriction is present, but in such a way that higher instantaneous flows may be generated by the inspiratory portion of the ventilator.
- the variable choking function of the restrictor may be implemented in different ways, e.g., elements such as nets or aerodynamically shaped elements, can be moveably inserted into the flow channel.
- the present invention also contemplates providing an optional on-way check valve 68 downstream of restrictor 62.
- Check valve 68 is configured to allow a flow gas A to the patient, but prevent a flow of gas in an opposite direction. This prevents or minimizes pressure/flow oscillations that are generated downstream of the check valve from influencing the control system upstream of the check valve.
- restrictor 118 provides the pressure drop needed for flow sensing, and the signals output from the differential pressure sensors is a measurement of each gas flow.
- restrictor is a relatively large net, and large flows will cause a non-linearity in the output signal from the flow sensors. This non-linearity may be calibrated and compensated for in the electronics unit of the measurement system, i.e., by controller 50.
- FIGS. 10A- 1OC illustrate a first embodiment of a schematic circuit diagram for controlling the operation of only one of the valves.
- FIG. 1OA for example, would be provided for each of valves 38 and 40.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2005279293A AU2005279293B2 (en) | 2004-09-03 | 2005-09-01 | Gas flow control in a ventilator |
CA2579086A CA2579086C (en) | 2004-09-03 | 2005-09-01 | Gas flow control in a ventilator |
US11/574,368 US8161970B2 (en) | 2004-09-03 | 2005-09-01 | Gas flow control in a ventilator |
BRPI0514838-3A BRPI0514838A (en) | 2004-09-03 | 2005-09-01 | gas flow control on a fan |
JP2007528780A JP4701247B2 (en) | 2004-09-03 | 2005-09-01 | Gas flow control method of ventilator |
EP05786734.3A EP1809356B1 (en) | 2004-09-03 | 2005-09-01 | Gas flow control in a ventilator |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE0402120-0 | 2004-09-03 | ||
SE0402120A SE529989C2 (en) | 2004-09-03 | 2004-09-03 | Gas regulator |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006024532A1 true WO2006024532A1 (en) | 2006-03-09 |
Family
ID=33308709
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2005/009438 WO2006024532A1 (en) | 2004-09-03 | 2005-09-01 | Gas flow control in a ventilator |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8161970B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1809356B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4701247B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2005279293B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0514838A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2579086C (en) |
SE (1) | SE529989C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006024532A1 (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2009106746A (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2009-05-21 | Smiths Medical Asd Inc | Rainout reduction in breathing circuit |
WO2010067234A1 (en) * | 2008-12-11 | 2010-06-17 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Resistance matching in a patient circuit |
WO2014210566A2 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Carefusion 303, Inc. | Ventilator system |
US9433743B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2016-09-06 | Carefusion 303, Inc. | Ventilator exhalation flow valve |
US9541098B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2017-01-10 | Vyaire Medical Capital Llc | Low-noise blower |
US9707369B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2017-07-18 | Vyaire Medical Capital Llc | Modular flow cassette |
US9746359B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2017-08-29 | Vyaire Medical Capital Llc | Flow sensor |
US9795757B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2017-10-24 | Vyaire Medical Capital Llc | Fluid inlet adapter |
US9962514B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2018-05-08 | Vyaire Medical Capital Llc | Ventilator flow valve |
US10975880B2 (en) | 2009-10-29 | 2021-04-13 | ResMed Pty Ltd | Patient ventilation device including blower with scallopped shroud |
WO2021078914A1 (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2021-04-29 | Oxypoint Nv | Gas valve system with manifold |
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EP3064242A1 (en) | 2003-04-28 | 2016-09-07 | Advanced Circulatory Systems Inc. | Ventilator and methods for treating head trauma and low blood circulation |
NZ562501A (en) * | 2005-05-02 | 2010-10-29 | Saime Sarl | A gas regulating valve for a breathing assistance device that allows control of the opening of leakage orfice |
NZ562500A (en) | 2005-05-02 | 2011-06-30 | Saime Sarl | Gas regulating valve that blocks a main passage but leaves communication with a leak orifice in the absence of a signal |
US7747319B2 (en) * | 2006-03-17 | 2010-06-29 | Zoll Medical Corporation | Automated resuscitation device with ventilation sensing and prompting |
US9352111B2 (en) | 2007-04-19 | 2016-05-31 | Advanced Circulatory Systems, Inc. | Systems and methods to increase survival with favorable neurological function after cardiac arrest |
US8151790B2 (en) | 2007-04-19 | 2012-04-10 | Advanced Circulatory Systems, Inc. | Volume exchanger valve system and method to increase circulation during CPR |
US8505540B2 (en) | 2007-11-13 | 2013-08-13 | Apnicure, Inc. | Methods and systems for improving airway patency |
NZ776389A (en) | 2008-06-05 | 2023-02-24 | ResMed Pty Ltd | Treatment of respiratory conditions |
WO2010045246A1 (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2010-04-22 | Circor Instrumentation Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for low powered and/or high pressure flow control |
US8082312B2 (en) * | 2008-12-12 | 2011-12-20 | Event Medical, Inc. | System and method for communicating over a network with a medical device |
WO2011060204A2 (en) * | 2009-11-11 | 2011-05-19 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Jr. University | Ventilation systems and methods |
US8171094B2 (en) * | 2010-01-19 | 2012-05-01 | Event Medical, Inc. | System and method for communicating over a network with a medical device |
US9724266B2 (en) | 2010-02-12 | 2017-08-08 | Zoll Medical Corporation | Enhanced guided active compression decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation systems and methods |
DE102010013695A1 (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2011-10-06 | Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Method for operating a delivery unit for a reducing agent |
EP2572170A1 (en) | 2010-05-17 | 2013-03-27 | Mindray Medical Sweden AB | Coaxial means for measuring a flow and a method of measuring a flow |
US8393228B2 (en) | 2010-05-18 | 2013-03-12 | Mindray Medical Sweden Ab | Method and system for measuring a flow |
US8276618B2 (en) | 2010-05-18 | 2012-10-02 | Mindray Medical Sweden Ab | Flow restrictor and method for reducing resistance of a flow |
EP2425869A1 (en) * | 2010-09-07 | 2012-03-07 | Imt Ag | Ventilator device and/or anaesthetic device |
US8979823B2 (en) * | 2011-02-09 | 2015-03-17 | Apnicure, Inc. | Saliva management system with continuous flow through oral device |
US9192795B2 (en) | 2011-10-07 | 2015-11-24 | Honeywell International Inc. | System and method of calibration in a powered air purifying respirator |
US20170021126A1 (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2017-01-26 | The Trustees Of The Stevens Institute Of Technology | Reducing ventilator-induced lung injury |
CA2859814A1 (en) | 2011-12-19 | 2013-06-27 | ResQSystems, Inc. | Systems and methods for therapeutic intrathoracic pressure regulation |
US9808656B2 (en) | 2012-01-09 | 2017-11-07 | Honeywell International Inc. | System and method of oxygen deficiency warning in a powered air purifying respirator |
WO2013142150A1 (en) * | 2012-03-22 | 2013-09-26 | Genii, Inc. | Gas flow control apparatus and related methods |
ES2906605T3 (en) | 2012-04-05 | 2022-04-19 | Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Ltd | Respiratory support device |
WO2013166430A2 (en) | 2012-05-04 | 2013-11-07 | Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | System for delivery of gaseous imaging contrast agents and methods for using same |
US9795756B2 (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2017-10-24 | Mallinckrodt Hospital Products IP Limited | Cannula for minimizing dilution of dosing during nitric oxide delivery |
US9032959B2 (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2015-05-19 | Ino Therapeutics Llc | Cannula for minimizing dilution of dosing during nitric oxide delivery |
GB201300403D0 (en) * | 2013-01-10 | 2013-02-20 | Smiths Medical Int Ltd | Flow sensors and apparatus |
US9811634B2 (en) | 2013-04-25 | 2017-11-07 | Zoll Medical Corporation | Systems and methods to predict the chances of neurologically intact survival while performing CPR |
US20140358047A1 (en) | 2013-05-30 | 2014-12-04 | ResQSystems, Inc. | End-tidal carbon dioxide and amplitude spectral area as non-invasive markers of coronary perfusion pressure and arterial pressure |
WO2015002550A1 (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2015-01-08 | Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited | Breathing assistance apparatus user interface |
EP3071274B1 (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2019-07-10 | Transunit AB | Medical ventilator with turbine |
US10265495B2 (en) | 2013-11-22 | 2019-04-23 | Zoll Medical Corporation | Pressure actuated valve systems and methods |
CN110393839B (en) | 2014-05-27 | 2023-03-24 | 费雪派克医疗保健有限公司 | Gas mixing and measurement for medical devices |
US11666720B2 (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2023-06-06 | Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited | Flow path sensing for flow therapy apparatus |
DE102020001389A1 (en) | 2019-03-07 | 2020-09-10 | Löwenstein Medical Technology S.A. | Ventilator with a mixing chamber and mixing chamber for a ventilator |
WO2021224894A1 (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2021-11-11 | Kersten Erich | Ventilator and method of ventilation |
CN116688300B (en) * | 2023-07-03 | 2024-02-06 | 广州蓝仕威克医疗科技有限公司 | CO (carbon monoxide) connected with universal breathing machine 2 Other gas compensation devices and systems |
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EP0982043A2 (en) * | 1998-08-25 | 2000-03-01 | Siemens-Elema AB | Ventilator |
WO2000045883A1 (en) * | 1999-02-04 | 2000-08-10 | Versamed Medical Systems Ltd. | Computer-controlled portable ventilator |
DE10021782A1 (en) * | 1999-05-04 | 2000-11-16 | Map Gmbh | Diagnosis and treatment system for sleep related breathing problems controls air supply from physiological measurements |
EP1166813A2 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2002-01-02 | Siemens-Elema AB | Method and arrangement for evaluating effective flow resistance of a patient breathing circuit |
US6425395B1 (en) * | 1998-12-21 | 2002-07-30 | Resmed Limited | Determination of mask fitting pressure and correct mask fit |
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-
2004
- 2004-09-03 SE SE0402120A patent/SE529989C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2005
- 2005-09-01 CA CA2579086A patent/CA2579086C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-09-01 AU AU2005279293A patent/AU2005279293B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-09-01 US US11/574,368 patent/US8161970B2/en active Active
- 2005-09-01 WO PCT/EP2005/009438 patent/WO2006024532A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-09-01 BR BRPI0514838-3A patent/BRPI0514838A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-09-01 JP JP2007528780A patent/JP4701247B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-09-01 EP EP05786734.3A patent/EP1809356B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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US5265594A (en) * | 1990-10-30 | 1993-11-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus for regulating the flow-through amount of a flowing medium |
US5400777A (en) * | 1990-10-31 | 1995-03-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Ventilator |
EP0982043A2 (en) * | 1998-08-25 | 2000-03-01 | Siemens-Elema AB | Ventilator |
US6425395B1 (en) * | 1998-12-21 | 2002-07-30 | Resmed Limited | Determination of mask fitting pressure and correct mask fit |
WO2000045883A1 (en) * | 1999-02-04 | 2000-08-10 | Versamed Medical Systems Ltd. | Computer-controlled portable ventilator |
DE10021782A1 (en) * | 1999-05-04 | 2000-11-16 | Map Gmbh | Diagnosis and treatment system for sleep related breathing problems controls air supply from physiological measurements |
EP1166813A2 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2002-01-02 | Siemens-Elema AB | Method and arrangement for evaluating effective flow resistance of a patient breathing circuit |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2009106746A (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2009-05-21 | Smiths Medical Asd Inc | Rainout reduction in breathing circuit |
WO2010067234A1 (en) * | 2008-12-11 | 2010-06-17 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Resistance matching in a patient circuit |
US8813745B2 (en) | 2008-12-11 | 2014-08-26 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Resistance matching in a patient circuit |
US10975880B2 (en) | 2009-10-29 | 2021-04-13 | ResMed Pty Ltd | Patient ventilation device including blower with scallopped shroud |
US9707369B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2017-07-18 | Vyaire Medical Capital Llc | Modular flow cassette |
US9795757B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2017-10-24 | Vyaire Medical Capital Llc | Fluid inlet adapter |
US9433743B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2016-09-06 | Carefusion 303, Inc. | Ventilator exhalation flow valve |
US9541098B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2017-01-10 | Vyaire Medical Capital Llc | Low-noise blower |
WO2014210566A3 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2015-03-12 | Carefusion 303, Inc. | Ventilator system |
US9746359B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2017-08-29 | Vyaire Medical Capital Llc | Flow sensor |
EP3219350A1 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2017-09-20 | Carefusion 303 Inc. | Ventilator system |
CN105358202A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2016-02-24 | 康尔福盛303公司 | Ventilator system |
US9962515B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2018-05-08 | Carefusion 303, Inc. | Ventilator exhalation flow valve |
US9962514B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2018-05-08 | Vyaire Medical Capital Llc | Ventilator flow valve |
US10495112B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2019-12-03 | Vyaire Medical Capital Llc | Low-noise blower |
US10549063B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2020-02-04 | Vyaire Medical Capital Llc | Modular flow cassette |
EP3689404A1 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2020-08-05 | Vyaire Medical Capital LLC | Ventilator system |
WO2014210566A2 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Carefusion 303, Inc. | Ventilator system |
WO2021078914A1 (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2021-04-29 | Oxypoint Nv | Gas valve system with manifold |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20080092891A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
JP2008511358A (en) | 2008-04-17 |
SE529989C2 (en) | 2008-01-29 |
AU2005279293B2 (en) | 2012-02-16 |
EP1809356A1 (en) | 2007-07-25 |
JP4701247B2 (en) | 2011-06-15 |
SE0402120D0 (en) | 2004-09-03 |
EP1809356B1 (en) | 2018-11-14 |
US8161970B2 (en) | 2012-04-24 |
CA2579086A1 (en) | 2006-03-09 |
AU2005279293A1 (en) | 2006-03-09 |
BRPI0514838A (en) | 2008-06-24 |
CA2579086C (en) | 2014-08-12 |
SE0402120L (en) | 2006-03-04 |
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