WO2006119465A2 - Method and apparatus for increasing performance of http over long-latency links - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for increasing performance of http over long-latency links Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006119465A2 WO2006119465A2 PCT/US2006/017278 US2006017278W WO2006119465A2 WO 2006119465 A2 WO2006119465 A2 WO 2006119465A2 US 2006017278 W US2006017278 W US 2006017278W WO 2006119465 A2 WO2006119465 A2 WO 2006119465A2
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F15/00—Digital computers in general; Data processing equipment in general
- G06F15/16—Combinations of two or more digital computers each having at least an arithmetic unit, a program unit and a register, e.g. for a simultaneous processing of several programs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/90—Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
- G06F16/95—Retrieval from the web
- G06F16/957—Browsing optimisation, e.g. caching or content distillation
- G06F16/9574—Browsing optimisation, e.g. caching or content distillation of access to content, e.g. by caching
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
Definitions
- the invention relates to improvements in the performance of computer networks. More particularly, the invention relates to increasing performance of HTTP over long-latency links by pre-fetching objects concurrently via aggregated and flow-controlled channels.
- Figure 3 is a flow diagram that shows connection flow via the local cache according to the invention.
- a Web page may have several JavaScripts and Style Sheets and many GIFs. These are some of the components of a Web page, and they are used for rendering the Web page.
- the Web page may also comprise additional HTML, JPEGs, and FLASH, etc.
- GIFs GIFs
- JPEGs JPEGs
- FLASH FLASH
- the typical browser fetches other types of objects in parallel, at least to a certain degree, and somehow only fetches certain types of objects one at a time.
- the post HTML processing module is for parsing an HTML page to retrieve a list of URLs to pre-fetch, regardless of their file extension. This list of URLs is fed into the client pre-fetch control module.
- the invention is preferably implemented with a provision for end users to enable or disable file fetch.
- the GUI presents an option to either enable or disable this feature.
- the local cached file, as well as internal pre-fetch record, is cleared.
- An HTTP processing module 24 is the key to operation of the invention and, in addition to the application layer and compressor layer, interacts with a pre-fetch control module 27 and the client pre-fetch control module 26, which itself interacts with the file cache control 18.
- Figure 3 is a flow diagram that shows connection flow via the local cache.
- the OS socket layer/VLSP in turn communicates with the application layer 2*.
- the post HTML processing module is accessed 3 * and returns an output to the application layer 4 * .
- the application then accesses the transport module 5*, which fetches a Web page, and the file cache module 6*, which returns a Web page to the OS socket layer/VLSP 7*.
- This protocol provides sequenced, reliable delivery of data as with TCP. It however employs a different rate control mechanism that better suite for environments with high bandwidth variation and packet loss rate. In addition this protocol also supports multiplexing several transport flows over a single flow controlled channel between two hosts. One of the main goals of this protocol is to perform better in those areas that TCP does not: high bandwidth, high delay, and/or high packet drops. Some of the drawbacks of TCP over wireless include its small initial send window, large maximum send window size, and very aggressive congestion control mechanisms.
- VTP connections between two hosts are setup before to any application level flow is setup. Once the VTP connection is established, an individual application conversation between two VTP-connected hosts requires no three-way hand-shaking.
- a VTP end-point redirecting mechanism allows TCP flows being redirected into this VTP tunnel without experience long setup delay.
- the sender When the sender has sent a full send window's worth of bytes, it has to stop sending any new packets.
- the transport layer should make sure that this never happens when it has more data to send in virtual connection queues.
- the fact that the send window is closed and the sender is not sending any packets implies that the sender is not using the pipe to its fullest.
- the SACKs, acknowledging the packets received enable the sender to release ACKed bytes from its send window, thereby providing room for new bytes to be sent.
- the sender When WTO expires, the sender should send a new packet called SEND_SACK requesting the receiver to send its SACK.
- SEND_SACK a new packet
- the sender tries sending these SEND_SACK packets up to some configured number of times (M). If it does not get any feedback after the last SEND_SACK packet, the sender should close all the virtual connections on that real connection, discard any packets in real connection out bound queue, and release the real connection.
- Bandwidth of a path is the time it takes to transmit some number of bytes from the sender to the receiver. This time includes transmission time of the device plus propagation time of the link(s) in between.
- a link is the medium, wire or wireless, between two hosts.
- VTP measures the bandwidth of the path by sending two packets, one after another, with no time difference at the sender. Depending on the bandwidth of the links they traverse, they both arrive with some time difference at the receiver. The arrival time is the time when the receiver gets the packet(s) out of UDP socket buffers via recvfrom() system call. Note that on high speed links, e.g. 4Mbps, two or more packets can arrive with zero time difference. The following shows how one can get the bandwidth by sending two packets of size 1 KB each on a 4KB/s link.
- c11 is packet 1 from connection 1
- c12 is packet 2 from connection 1
- c21 is packet from connection 2.
- a SACK should be sent only when necessary.
- the sender can send a new packet if it fits in the current send window. Otherwise, the sender should leave the packet in the virtual connection's out bound queue and transmit them when send window is opened by the next SACK.
- the sender transmits a new packet it should start a fresh timer that should expire at LTO time. LTO time includes the transmit time plus trip time. When this timer expires, the sender sends a REQUEST_SACK packet and restarts the timer. If the sender does not get any reply from the receiver after sending N (configurable) number of REQUEST_SACK packets, the sender must close the connection with the receiver. The sender should never retransmit until it thinks the packet it sent should be out of network based on current bandwidth and latency. If a retransmit request is received within this flight time, the sender ignores the retransmit request.
- the sender should never send its full send window worth of bytes at once. This might lead to a burst of packets at the next or intermediate router and may cause packet drops if there are insufficient buffers. To avoid this, the sender must always control the flow of packets by time, spacing them according to the bandwidth and delay of the path.
- the transport should guarantee that data are delivered to the other end without any errors.
- a checksum is computed over the entire packet before delivering the datagram to the receiver.
- the receiver should recompute the checksum for the packet arrived and compare it the checksum in the packet. If the checksum differs, consider that as a corrupted packet and discard it.
- the checksum field in the header must be taken as zero before computing the checksum.
- To compute the checksum divide all the data into 16-bit quantities and compute the one's complement of their one's complement sum. This is similar to checksum computation in the Internet.
- Security is provided in the transport to avoid any malicious hacker sending a packet that looks like a packet that is sent by the system.
- One way one could disrupt the real connection is by sending a bogus packet that is in sequence with an authentic packet sent by the client/server.
- the goal of the security in VTP is not to leave any holes for such man in the middle attacks.
- each end sends a pseudo-random sequence number (PRSN) that can be decoded only by the peer entities involved.
- PRSN pseudo-random sequence number
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002607740A CA2607740A1 (en) | 2005-05-04 | 2006-05-04 | Method and apparatus for increasing performance of http over long-latency links |
EP06759099A EP1877907A2 (en) | 2005-05-04 | 2006-05-04 | Method and apparatus for increasing performance of http over long-latency links |
AU2006243783A AU2006243783A1 (en) | 2005-05-04 | 2006-05-04 | Method and apparatus for increasing performance of HTTP over long-latency links |
JP2008510233A JP2008541239A (en) | 2005-05-04 | 2006-05-04 | Method and apparatus for increasing HTTP performance of long latency links |
CN200680019323A CN101796491A (en) | 2005-05-04 | 2006-05-04 | Improve the method and apparatus of HTTP performance on the long delay link |
IL187145A IL187145A0 (en) | 2005-05-04 | 2007-11-04 | Method and apparatus for increasing performance of http over long-latency links |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/122,868 | 2005-05-04 | ||
US11/122,868 US7694008B2 (en) | 2005-05-04 | 2005-05-04 | Method and apparatus for increasing performance of HTTP over long-latency links |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006119465A2 true WO2006119465A2 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
WO2006119465A3 WO2006119465A3 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
Family
ID=37308721
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2006/017278 WO2006119465A2 (en) | 2005-05-04 | 2006-05-04 | Method and apparatus for increasing performance of http over long-latency links |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (8) | US7694008B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1877907A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2008541239A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20080015422A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101796491A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2006243783A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2607740A1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL187145A0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006119465A2 (en) |
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US20110302233A1 (en) | 2011-12-08 |
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KR20080015422A (en) | 2008-02-19 |
US7860998B2 (en) | 2010-12-28 |
US7945692B2 (en) | 2011-05-17 |
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