WO2007027073A2 - Method of spectral identification of the material resource objects and device for identification - Google Patents

Abstract

Method of spectral identification of the material resource objects and device for identification. A special feature of the proposed method consists in the fact that at least two independent methods of spectral characteristics both from the tag and the object, lying in different frequency ranges, are used simultaneously. Information about two and more spectral characteristics are processed in the form of multidimensional hologram, and identification of the object is carried out by comparison of multidimensional standard hologram, which is stored in a central database of the object (object with a tag) with multidimensional hologram from the object (object with a tag). The device for identification comprises reservoirs for storing isotopic substances. A random number generator is used for randomly missing said isotopic substances.

Description

Method of spectral identification of the material resource objects and device for identification

Invention refers to the area of material resources identification. The identification is carried out by obtaining of spectral characteristics and can be used not only in identification of documents, banknotes, seals, person, transport means, liquid, gaseous and powder mediums but also in identification of any other objects.

It is known the method of object identification consisting in use of radioisotopic tags on the basis of a mixture as well as introduction in the object followed by comparison of data regarding isotope with corresponding documents on object. The object information is marked in the form of a set of radiation tags. A dose of irradiation is increased at identification of each following tag; identification is carried out according to the number of disappeared tags. This method allows carrying out the control visualization, but, in principle, it is unacceptable for identification of liquid, gaseous and powder mediums. As this method does not suppose to obtain spectral characteristics, it is unacceptable at identification of a great number of various objects. The disadvantage is in the fact that there are no difficulties to reproduce this method of identification by informal structures. It is also easy repeated by official structures because of an influence on official structures with bribery, threats and information pressure that is the disadvantage too. The mixtures of radioactive isotopes are used in this method of identification, but the advantages of using the mixture are not realized in full. Use of only radioactive isotopes is also the disadvantage as it influences on ecological environment.

It is well known the identification method of material resource objects [2], including creation of an isotopic tag, obtaining of its characteristics, and introduction of an isotopic tag in the material resource object and further comparison with documentary characteristic of the material resource object. Identification of identity card (ID card) is carried out by the way of its irradiation by slow neutron flux and by change the quantity of neutrons absorption, which is linearly connected with the number of isotopes of cadmium or boron. However, this method requires the wetting and drying of the whole document that is not always acceptable. It is impossible to control the process of identification in field conditions, as it requires using the irradiation system by slow neutrons. This method is not acceptable for identification of liquids, gases and granular substances. It is also unacceptable for identification of solid polymeric materials, which contain a great number of hydrogenous molecules. It is possible to apply this control method for some documents. It is not economically feasible to use this principle in large-scale identification of documents. The method does not exploit informational potentialities of spectral characteristics of activated isotopes. The identification of documents is carried out by degree of absorption of neutron flux. The disadvantage lies in the fact that the process of mixing the isotopes is controlled and easy reproducible. Taking into account this fact it is possible to realize this method. The proposed identification method of the material resource objects is based on spectral characteristics of the object and on their comparison with standard characteristics, which store in the central database.

A special feature of the proposed method consists in the fact that at least two independent methods of spectral characteristics both from a tag and an object lying in different frequency ranges are used simultaneously. Information about two and more spectral characteristics is processed in the form of multidimensional hologram, but identification of the object is carried out by comparison of multidimensional standard hologram, which stores in the central database on the object (object with a tag) with multidimensional hologram from the object (object with a tag).

Multidimensional hologram is processed and presented for comparative analysis in the form of two-dimensional (flat) hologram.

Multidimensional hologram is processed and presented for comparative visual analysis in the form of three-dimensional (volume) hologram.

Each range of spectral characteristics is assigned a certain colour at information processing and building of a^*volume hologram.

Each peak of spectral characteristics is assigned colour intensity depending on the height of the peak (or its reference area).

It is the subtlest spectral approach allowing determining not only, for example, a brand of petrol, but also the region of oil production where the fuel was made. This approach is good in the fact that it reduces the volume of using the isotopes for a tag, as a part of information for volume hologram is formed not by spectral characteristics from the tag, but by spectral characteristics from the same object.

Optical kinds of spectroscopy [7]: in UV of far-infrared and near-infrared regions, emission classical spectroscopy, nuclear absorption spectroscopy, AAS- spectroscopy, NIR-spectroscopy [8], classical molecular and IR-spectroscopy, radiospectroscopy, spectroscopy with the use of atomic nuclear-magnetic and electro-paramagnetic vibrancies and some others [9] are referred to the technologies, which allow to obtain spectral characteristics, besides α, β, γ spectroscopy [3-4], and X-ray-fluorescent spectroscopy [5-6] that used for formation of a tag. It is not a complete list of technologies allowing measuring a spectral characteristic from the object. Each of these spectral methods measures a spectral characteristic from the object in a certain frequency band. The processing of this information should lead to the unique spectral picture.

Taking into account these spectral positions, identification of the material object can be principally accomplished in three ways:

Version 1. Identification of the material resource is carried out according to spectral characteristics of the object.

Version 2. Identification of the material resource is carried out according to spectral characteristics of the isotopic tag introduced in the object.

Version 3. Identification of the material object is carried out by set of spectral characteristics directly from the object and isotopic tag introduced in the object.

The third version is the most powerful, as it allows not only to identify the object, but to include a number of additional information using an isotopic tag, for example, information about crossing the boundary, information about payment of taxes, information about owner of goods (sender, recipient) and so on. As a rule, this additional information is not included in the object but in the documents accompanying the object that allows the representatives of shadow economy to demonstrate their ingenuity on falsification of paper documents.

How is it possible to combine data on different methods using spectral characteristics in the unique information picture?

We shall explain on examples.

Example JVsI We shall obtain a stain of irreproducible form in the plane XY (Figure 1) if we measure spectral characteristics from the material object using two spectral approaches (for example, IR-spectroscopy and X-ray-fluorescent spectroscopy) and lay them on axes of coordinates, for example, X e Y. If each peak of spectral characteristic is assigned its own colour, the stain would be coloured (Figure 2), but if the height of each peak (or its reference area) to correlate with colour intensity, then a complicated picture of colour stain will be obtained (Figure3). This approach (from Figure 1 to Figure3) visually demonstrates the importance of using the colours and their intensity for information content of the stain. Certainly, it is necessary a specialized software for this presentation.

Example JVs2 It is possible to build a three-dimensional space using three spectral characteristics. In this case we shall obtain a volume colour figure instead of colour stain at the surface (Figure 4), which is sometimes called a phase-plane portrait.

It is possible to build its multidimensional hologram picture using more than three independent spectral characteristics of the object (object or tag and object). It is enough to compare these pictures with the information, which is in the database and processed in the form of multidimensional hologram picture, we shall see that in case of pictures coincidence the identification will be completed.

However, computer comparison of multidimensional phase-plane portrait in the database with multidimensional phase-plane portrait from the object seems inconclusive at first sight. In fact the computer gives an answer - whether the material object identified or not. Unfortunately, human awareness does not imagine multidimensional pictures. For probability and legal evidence the program can transform from multidimensional phase-plane portrait to simplified three- dimensional phase-plane portrait, which perceives by a person and serves as the subject of examination.

If the identification of the material resource is carried out, its phase-plane portrait should be composed of maximum energy-divided spectrums. If IR- spectroscopy takes as a basis, it is necessary to supplement a phase-plane portrait with an isotopic tag and so on. If there is an opportunity to use only a single isotopic tag, then a phase-plane portrait is built on the basis of spectral characteristics of two and more isotopes. A tag created on the basis of a single isotope cannot be presented as multidimensional phase-plane portrait. A tag from a single isotope is able to build three-dimensional phase-plane portrait. It is connected with the fact that an isotope can maximally give three types of irradiation: alpha, beta and gamma irradiations. But, as a rule, there are few of them. The scheme of decay is more limited and it is permitted one or two types of irradiation. Therefore, it is necessary four and more various isotopes for building of multidimensional phase- plane portrait of a tag. If there is only one isotope, for example with gamma and beta decay, it is possible to build only two-dimensional phase-plane portrait.

It should be mentioned that software is developing very rapidly in the world in the direction — description of colour stains.

The value of holographic presentation of information is a new, more qualitative system approach to information about goods. Any information presented holographically is possible to divide into parts, where any of dedicated parts is able to characterize the object as a whole. There is more deep unity between parts in the world of holography. There is not any unity in usual three-dimensional world.

Some words about holography, which, by its nature, is a three-dimensional (volume) photograph in the three-dimensional world. It is made by the way of taking a photograph from the object, which is illuminated by laser. The photograph looks like senseless alteration of light and dark lines (in our case as consequence of the peaks of spectral characteristics). If to illuminate this alteration by laser, a three- dimensional image of the subject arises.

It is certain that objective information about goods, for example, petrol can be obtained only with the use of IR-spectroscopy (if to be more precise by a special set of spectral characteristics). In particular, it is possible to determine the type, group, brand and production of the tested pattern. Sooner or later, the only using of one kind of spectroscopy exhausts itself that does not allow distinguishing two chemically identical types of fuel.

Why should we distinguish two chemically identical goods, for example, fuel? There is only an informational need in it, for example, to have opportunity to mark different "owners" of one and the same goods, passing the customs, payment of taxes and so on.

It is possible to design software in such a way that spectral characteristics measured from the object would give a flat phase-plane portrait, but introduction of a tag from isotopes would allow to build a volume phase-plane portrait. In this case the identification simplifies, the impossibility to build a volume phase-plane portrait would say about lack of isotopic tag, i.e. about non-payment of taxes for material resource. In Figure 5 is shown a phase-plane portrait of petrol A-95 officially passed the border control after payment of taxes (volume phase-plane portrait.) In Figure 6 is shown a phase-plane portrait of the same petrol A-95 illegally imported in the country (flat phase-plane portrait). These are two different phase-plane portraits.

The problem of appreciation of the identification system from the transition to the use of a lot of spectral characteristics is not simple as a whole. Firstly, this transition will essentially decrease the requirements to instrumentation in each kind of spectroscopy, secondly, it will allow to employee not only unqualified specialists, but also unskilled workers who does have a good understanding of IR- spectroscopy, for example. It is even permitted the elaboration of the unified device, which measures spectral characteristics from the object in the widest frequency bands. It can be achieved by reducing the general identification system. The intellectual self-developing identification system should be advanced on new software, which allows building multidimensional (volume) holograms made up on the basis of spectral characteristics obtained by different methods. The issue of identification is inseparably linked with informatization, otherwise there is a chance to transform all customs into research and scientific institutes that is a wrong move. Customs is combined with an express laboratory, which activity does not lead to the transport delay at the boundaries.

Information redundancy of spectral approach to identification of material objects fully excludes the possibility of its decoding on the part of representative of shadow economy. It is explained by the fact that there is an opportunity to choose a new spectral approach every day and to form a phase-plane portrait of one and the same object again. Therefore, the right of choice of spectral approach can belong not to the head, but to the random numbers generator.

A special feature of the proposed method consists in the fact that creation of an isotopic tag is made by mixing of isotopes according to the law of random numbers, obtaining of its characteristic is carried out by spectral method followed by encoding of spectral characteristics by the way of allocation of information areas.

The proposed method is differed in the fact that mixtures of stable isotopes are mainly used in creation of an isotopic tag. The isotope mixtures, which are in gas state, are used for identification of gaseous material resources in the process of creation of an isotopic tag. At identification of gas flows, for example, in gas pipeline, a gaseous isotopic tag is introduced in the gas flow impulsively. For identification of liquid material resource objects, the further mixing with a liquid basis, which has high solubility in identified material resource, creates an isotopic tag. For identification of fuel oil, for example, petrol, preliminary mixing with a liquid basis from fat mixtures creates an isotopic tag. For identification of solid and granular material resource objects, an isotopic tag is created from isotopes being in hard phase with preliminary mixing with a part of the material resource. The introduction of an isotopic tag in the solid granular object of the material resource is combined with the process of loading and unloading or packing.

For identification of the objects of solid material resources, for example, made from metal, an isotopic tag is created by formation in the form of electrode, but introduction of an isotopic tag in the object is carried out in mode of electric (electric-spark) discharge. An isotopic tag is introduced in the material resource object by its location in a high-speed gas-dynamic stream for identification of solid dielectric objects of the material resources. An isotopic tag is introduced in a liquid phase at the stage of its production for identification of paper documents. An isotopic tag is introduced in a liquid dye at the stage of its production. An isotopic tag is introduced in a dye of visually perceived bar code of goods for identification of paper documents. An isotopic tag is introduced in "diving" thread at identification of paper documents. An isotopic tag is introduced in the area of watermark. The creation of an isotopic tag is carried out by addition to the mixture of stable isotopes at least one radioactive isotope; obtaining of spectral characteristic of an isotopic tag is carried out by "information stitching" of spectrums from stable isotopes using mass-spectroscopy and spectrums from radioactive isotopes using γ and β-spectroscopy. As radioactive isotopes are mainly selected the short-living ones permitted to be applied for medical purposes. "Stitching" of spectrums, obtained by different methods from stable and radioactive isotopes, is carried out at the stage of encoding of spectral characteristics by their consequent linear combination. Their overlapping carries out «Stitching» of spectrums, obtained by different methods from stable and radioactive isotopes. Overlapping of spectral characteristics is carried out with preliminary encrypted shift changeable in time. The half-life period of radioactive isotopes is chosen according to the coming technological tasks with a certain material resource, for example, to the term of passing the customs or period of storage in the wholesale store. Mixing of stable and short-living isotopes, where the half-life period of radioactive isotope with maximum half-life period in this mixture should not exceed 1/8 technological term of using the material resource carries out the creation of an isotopic tag. The mixture of stable isotopes is additionally rayed at creation of an isotopic tag, but characteristic of an isotopic tag is obtained by measurement of spectral characteristic from induced activity.

The transformation of stable isotope mixture into radioactive state is carried out with a selected part of the material resource; a part of the material resource is homogenized before selection. An isotopic tag is created from a liquid material resource containing isotope mixtures by the way of passing a part of the material resource through the isotopic filter. Spectral characteristics from radioactive part of a tag are obtained in conditions of screening of natural radioactive background and allocation of a sensor inside shielded vessel containing the material resource, which is under investigation.

It should be mentioned that the process of mixing the isotopes is practically irreproducible for the other party according to the law of random numbers. It is also considerably difficult for direct production of an isotopic mixture. Only this factor is a valuable feature of the proposed identification method. Taken as a basis several tens of more accessible isotopes, absolutely harmless for person, it is possible to create milliard of combinations of isotope mixtures, where each mixture will have the unique spectral characteristics. To repeat this spectral characteristic of isotopic mixture by selection of isotopes is practically impossible, or, as some cryptographers say, the length of encryption key is so insignificant in this approach that the process of decoding of spectral characteristic can take plenty of time on application of the most advanced computer technologies. Taking into account the fact that each peak in spectral characteristic can be digitalized, there are a lot of opportunities for future digitalization that makes the system irreproducible as a whole. It is possible to register and control all material resources on application of this identification method, including gaseous, liquid and powder. Production of both stable and radioactive isotopes is under a strict state control that contributes to non- reproducibility. of the tag by shadow structures. As the technologies of stable and radioactive isotopes are various, it is impossible for shadow structures to repeat an isotopic tag exactly composed of isotope mixtures because of economic difficulties, scientific and technological constraints. We shall emphasize again on significance of the method as non-reproducibility of the tag by official productions. That means that any blackmail, bribery and information threats towards the structures, which are producing an isotopic tag, are inappropriate. It is easy to produce an isotopic tag using mixing through random numbers generator, but it is impossible to repeat it by official structures. If for other technologies the impossibility to repeat the result is a disadvantage, for identification it is a real advantage.

An isotopic tag is mainly formed on the use of stable isotopes. First of all the choice of stable isotopes is stipulated by ecological requirements. A tag formed from stable isotopes is more informational than a tag from radioactive isotopes because of each radioactive isotope has a lot of spectral peaks. Among stable isotopes it is necessary, first of all, to pay attention to cheaper isotopes, which production has been already mastered in the industrial scale. There is only one insignificant restriction - chemical activity. As the quantity of stable isotope, which is subjected to reliable disclosure, are about 10^~10 and even ICT¹² grams it can be practically neglected. First of all, it is possible to be oriented practically at any stable isotopes, generated by centrifugal method. These are isotopes of cadmium both in the form of metal and oxide with degree of enrichment 99,95%, all isotopes of zinc, zinc oxides, depleted by isotope Zn⁵⁴ in the form of powder or pills, isotope of silicon -28, isotope of carbon -13 in the form of carbon dioxide with degree of enrichment 99,9%, isotope of sulphur -33,-34,-36 in the form of powder, isotope of inert gases (xenon and krypton) in the form of high-purity gases and so on. The requirements to degree of purification of a stable isotope can be significantly below than for other technological purposes that will undoubtedly reduce the price of isotopic tag production.

An isotopic tag is formed on the basis of isotope mixtures being in gas state at identification of gaseous material resources. This technological requirement is explained by the fact that a tag should be the unique for the whole material resource. If we have a container, for example with inert gas, for identification of the material resource it can be supplemented with an isotopic tag, which is in gas state, better with an isotope of another inert gas. Owing to Brownian motion of molecules, a gaseous isotopic tag evenly moves in the material resource. In this approach any portion of the material resource, taken for analysis, will contain an isotopic tag. If an isotopic tag in gas or solid state is added to the material resource, there is a great probability that a tag will not be equally in the whole material resource, it will be in the form of a sediment. Exceptions are the cases when radioactive tags are made on the basis of light volatile or light sublimated bases that in fact are equivalent to introduction of an isotopic tag in gas state.

A special case is the identification of gas flows moving in a gas pipeline. A feature consists in the fact that a great number of material resources are passed through gas pipelines. It is important to solve this task, especially in transportation of natural gas through the territories of some countries, if the problem of unauthorized selection exists. In this case there is not any need to identify the whole material resource. There is an opportunity (in thousand and more times) to cut down the expenses of a gaseous isotopic tag. It can be achieved by introducing of a gaseous isotopic tag in the gas flow impulsively. An impetuous introduction of a gaseous isotopic tag means the supply of controlled amount of isotopic mixture in the gas flow within

10-1000 seconds. At speed of gas flow in a gas pipeline not more than 100m/s, the tag is actually in "a stain" of the gas flow, which length is from 1000 to 100.000 meters. Taking into account an essential turbulence of the gas flow as well as passing through intermediate compressor stations, which boost pressure, there is no need in additional facilities for transferring the tag inside the material resource. "A stain" of the gas flow, which has the tag from isotopic mixture, is washed out by natural processes in turbulent flow in the process of gas flow transportation for thousand kilometres. Thus, the length of this stain is increasing. This fact should be taken into account, as washing of "a stain" leads to lowering of specific "signal" from an isotopic tag. Open area, i.e. the periodicity of the tag introduction is mainly depends on concrete situation. It is possible not to introduce a tag for a long period, for example, when the country, where the gas pipeline goes through, is permitted the gas extraction according to quotas of international agreements. The choice of quota by the country allows to control gas the transportation in other countries in future and not to permit unauthorized gas extraction. An isotopic tag can be introduced one time a day or one time per 2-3 hours. Open area is determined by economic considerations: ratio between the cost of an isotopic tag and the cost of natural gas passing through the gas pipeline during the time of two tags introduction. Monitoring possibilities of unauthorized gas extraction from gas pipelines are quite large. An unauthorized selection is simply determined at state level; it is quite another matter - an unauthorized selection at local level. In this case it is easy to narrow the search range of unauthorized connection to the gas pipeline according to the analysis in terminal point of consumption (including gas- jet in the kitchen) and analysis of the gas-distributing system. A gaseous isotopic tag can be formed on the basis of absolutely harmless mixtures of stable isotopes, for example, carbonic gas containing C¹³ or mixtures of inert gases. The degree of purification of these isotopes cannot be very high. It is enough to find distinctions of natural distribution from isotopes and reliability of taking a signal regarding the tag content. This approach allows reducing the expenses on tag creation.

There are some technical difficulties related to equal distribution of a tag inside the material resource at identification of liquid material resources of an isotopic tag. It is possible to overcome these difficulties by formation of a tag with preliminary mixing with a liquid basis, which has high solubility in identified material resource. If we do not meet this condition, for example, to use a liquid basis insoluble in the material resource, the tag will not be equally distributed inside the material resource. There are two versions, when a liquid basis will have more or less density than the material resource. In this case, an isotopic tag will be mainly in the form of pellicle at the surface of the material resource or in the form of sediment. Both versions are not acceptable. Only in case of high solubility of a liquid basis, the tag will be equally distributed in the whole material resource. As an example we shall give petrol of different brands. As a liquid basis we shall choose a fat basis as it has a high solubility in petrol. It is difficult to distribute the tag equally in solid granular material resources. Preliminary it is necessary to mix an isotopic tag with insufficient part of the material resource. The weight of an isotopic tag is very little, so it is practically feasible (it is possible to use more coarse batchers for tag delivery) to add a main part of the material resource to partially stirred tag in this resource. For example, the weight of an isotopic tag is 1 gram. Preliminary mixing of this tag with 1000 kg of the material resource actually creates a tag. Taking into account these 1000 kg of the material resource containing 1 gram of an isotopic tag, it is possible to mark 10.000 tons of the material resource. In this case the part of the tag in 1000 tons will amount 10^~10 of weight balance % that does not make any difficulties for its disclosure by modern spectral devices. It is practically impossible to distribute 1 gram of a tag in 10.000 tons without preliminary mixing. There is no economical and technological sense in mixing of the whole solid granular material resource only for homogenisation of an isotopic tag. The way out this situation is the coincidence of tag location with the process of loading unloading or packing of the material resource. It is simply enough to put a batcher, containing the same material resource, above the belt-type conveyor, which equally delivers a granular material resource, where an isotopic tag has been already replaced. This approach allows to avoid senseless actions and to implement this method without essential energetic expenses.

What shall we do if the material resource is an ingot of precious metal and not a granular material? What shall we do if it is necessary to introduce an isotopic tag in an ingot of rare-earth metals, which are more expensive than gold? Here it can help another technology. In this case an isotopic tag is preliminary formed in the form of electrode (before formation the electrode is preliminary mixed with an isotopic tag), applying of an isotopic tag on the metal is carried out in mode of electric (electric-spark) discharge. A part of electrode, which contains a tag, is transferred to the material resource in the form of ingot in the process of discharge. It is possible to choose the mode when about 10^~2 - 10^~3 gram will be transferred. If a part of an isotopic tag in electrode metal is 10^~8 mass percentage, we shall obtain a minimum flow of isotopes. It is impossible to measure this tag by hammer stroke. If an ingot is made from precious metal, the introduction of an isotopic tag can be combined with any place, for example with a stamp confirming the degree of its purification.

In case of applying of the tag on a very hard dielectric material resource, there is an opportunity to introduce an isotopic tag. An isotopic tag, being in hard state, is placed in a high-speed dynamic stream. The part is implemented and becomes actually inseparable while falling into the object. It is advisable to introduce all these technologies in closed premises. The efficiency of the choice of isotopic identification is determined from economic considerations at applying of the tag on less expensive products, for example, hire of sheet metal or engineering fixtures.

We shall examine the technologies of introduction of an isotopic tag in paper documents. First of all, these are the documents of state mark, special kinds of paper and so-called protected documents, from which stocks, bonds, passports, visas, banker's and traveller's checks, postal and documentary stamps, voting papers, education certificates, regional special marks, protected labels, entrance tickets, discount coupons and other kinds of production, providing the safety of paper state flow of documents, are made. For example, in Russia, the scientific and research institute of state mark mainly develops some protected technologies in the production of paper. Unlike other protected technologies this method always allows to have unlimited number of tags made up on the basis of isotope mixtures. This allows to change the identification isotopic tag in the time of modification of each series (party) of paper. Also this approach does impossible its falsification. From technological point of view it is easy to make it than technologies of watermark and "diving thread".

It is easy to form an isotopic tag in paper at the stage of its production in liquid phase. Easier because of the fact that any technology of paper production provides a rapid mixing that will allow to distribute an isotopic tag equally over the future paper roll and separate sheet. It is possible to apply the technologies, where an isotopic tag is introduced not directly in paper but in a liquid dye. It is possible to form an isotopic tag preliminary in so-called "diving" moralized thread and then to combine it with paper according to the well-known technology. An isotopic tag can be combined with watermarks, which are visually determined for simplification of the search of an isotopic tag.

The most interesting is the case when an isotopic tag is formed by visually perceived bar code of goods. Bar code is the sequence of black and white stripes, which presents the information in the form convenient for reading by computer equipment. There are various methods of information coding that are called bar code coding or symbolisms. There are linear and two-dimensional symbolisms. Linear bar-codes (EAN, UPS, Code 128) are read in one direction; they use a small volume of information and they are considered as low-cost scanners.

Two-dimensional symbolisms are designed for coding of a great volume of information. They are read by a special scanner of two-dimensional codes and are decoded in two dimensions (horizontally and vertically). Here are the examples of two-dimensional codes: Maxicode, PDF417, Code 49 and so on.

In this sense an isotopic bar coding takes an intermediate position. By its nature, it is rather two-dimensional bar coding with some reservations. Firstly, decoding is performed not by horizontally and vertically, but by different technologic planes (in spite of the fact that this method allows to apply it as linear bar code), secondly, two-dimensional isotopic bar coding requires that bar code marking on goods or packing would be carried out with utilization of standard technology. There is a little exception. One or some touches can be marked in ink, which contains isotope mixtures. In other words, any visually perceived bar code could be transformed in specialized hidden bar code. In this case it is two- dimensional. For transformation of bar code into two-dimensional mode, a spectral characteristic of isotope mixture is measured from this touch. The information is digitalized and processed by computer.

What advantages are realized in such two-dimensional isotopic bar coding? Firstly, the simplicity of marking keeps, easiness and reliability of reading as well as information input in the computer. The printer will become a bit complicated (if an ink, containing isotopic mixture, will be marked not on all touches but selectively) as well as the information output from isotopic mixture (some new devises called spectrometers are needed).

The transformation of usual bar coding into the category of objective identification is an advantage of the proposal.

It occurs by the fact that a similar isotope mixture on bar code is directly added to the material resources. There is a case when the material resource and the documents are objectively combined. It is impossible to refer it only to the material resources in the form of food material.

An isotopic mixture can be simply added to the material resource during simultaneous bar coding. This method is especially important when it is not acceptable the application of SMART-technologies, for example. First of all, it is impossible to use chips at marking of liquid, gaseous and granular materials. Let us ask some simple questions. Is it possible to reprogram a chip and thus to re-encode goods? It is known that a chip can have the protection systems. In any case the issue of system breaking and chip reprogramming is a matter of time and money.

Is it possible to reprogram an atom of isotope? In principle it is possible. This process is in tens of thousands times expensive than to reprogram a chip. "To reprogram" of a separate isotope is a complicated task. It is connected with the necessity to change the atomic centre. To change a spectral characteristic of isotope mixture is an impossible task, as any isotope has to ten and even more spectral peaks. We shall mention the wide technological opportunities of isotopic identification. An isotopic mixture can be added not only to the inks of printer marking a bar code. It can be added to the packing, paper from which some adhesive labels are made of.

How is the proposed isotopic tag determined? It is a classical mass- spectroscopy. The process of obtaining the spectral characteristic of solid and liquid material resources is carried out by their evaporation followed by ionisation and distribution of mixture ions in a vacuum with different mass-to-atomic charge ratio under the effect of electric and magnetic fields. This method is known for a long time. The devices (mass-spectrometers) for distribution of ionised molecules and atoms according to their weight are based on the effect of magnetic and electric fields on ion beams flying in a vacuum. As a rule, mass-spectrometers have a device for preparation of studied set of isotopes, a source creating an ion beam, mass- analyzer, where the separation of ions occurs according to ionic mass-to-charge ratio as well as ion collector, where an ion current transforms into electric signal. Thus, the signal is becoming stronger and more controlled. If it is necessary the mass-spectrometer is supplied by computer system, which holographically builds the dependence of ion current on atomic mass-to-charge ratio. Each of ion current peaks corresponds to its own isotope in this mass-spectrum. The height of each peak is proportional to the isotope content. The form of ionic peak depends on many factors. Instrumentation can be performed with the use of static and dynamic mass- analyzers as well as quadruple, time-of-flight and so on. We shall emphasize on a primary advantage of mass-spectroscopy: to register isotopes in the quantity up to 10^~13 gram. Actually it is possible to mark up to 10⁷ tons of the material resource by one gram of isotope. If it is imported about 1 million tons of fuel, it is necessary to have 0,1 gram of high-purity isotope for marking of the fuel under the stipulation that a chemical part of the problem has been successfully solved and an isotope has been equally distributed on the fuel. It is certain that the total weight increases proportionally to the number of isotopes at using of an isotopic mixture.

Besides stable isotopes it is permitted to use at least one radioactive isotope in the mixture. Using of radioactive isotope for marking of the material resource allows concluding that the issue of environmental safety is a primary task. For withdrawing of the above-named issue it is suggested from radioactive isotopes to use the short-living ones mainly permitted to be applied for medical purposes. Using of short-living radioactive isotopes withdraws a great number of questions. These isotopes are permitted to be air transported; there are no restrictions at the customs. What is interesting about a radioactive isotope or a mixture of radioactive isotopes? Fist of all by its information opportunities. Each radioactive isotope has some spectral peaks, but isotope mixture has a great number of peaks partially overlapping each other. This complex spectral characteristic is easy to divide into separate informational areas. Each area should be correlated with its own information, for example, if it a petrol, it is easy to identify manufacturing plant, brand of petrol and any additional information at the customs if a set of isotope mixtures has been preliminary transmitted to the manufacturing plants. Depending on type of isotope decay γ or β spectroscopy is usually used. The γ-spectroscopy is used more often. It should be mentioned the fact that spectral characteristics of stable and radioactive isotopes are principally different. They are obtained by instrumentation, which operates on various principles. The devices of γand β spectroscopy are also different. Nevertheless, there is something common from information point of view. The information from all spectrums can be considered as the unique information on the material resource. "Stitching" of spectrums obtained by different methods from stable and radioactive isotopes can be carried out both by their consequent linear combination and overlapping. The second approach allows obtaining complex spectral characteristic. If the shift of any area or part of spectrum is used, to reproduce the result of shadow structure is much complicated.

Let us give some examples of information processing (encoding) of spectral characteristics of isotopes.

Here are two conditional spectral characteristics of isotope A and isotope B (Figure 7 and Figure.8)

We shall specify the peaks on spectral characteristic of isotope A and numerate them, for example, 1 2, 3 and so on and isotope B with the peaks 1*, 2*, 3*.

Real spectral characteristics of isotopes allow marking from 5 to 15 and more spectral peaks (depending on detector sensitivity and time of registration).

Here are the following versions. Version 1 - when the spectrums are in various energy ranges. In this case it is easy to combine them in series; spectral characteristic of isotope mixtures looks as the chain of peaks of both isotopes (Figure 9).

More often the spectral characteristics of isotopes are overlapped. It is observed something like "abracadabra" from spectral peaks (Figure 10) In this case it is difficult to guess what isotopes are applied. It is possible to make it with the use special programs, where the information about spectral peaks position of separate isotopes is recorded.

As the information about spectral characteristic of isotope mixtures are given in the documents on material resource, there is an opportunity for "shadow" structure to decode what isotopes are applied. By this reason one or some spectral characteristics can be removed along energy scale (overlapped with preliminary encrypted shift) (Figure 11). The shift at the distance when a spectral peak is combined with more widespread used isotopes especially baffles (which are absent in this mixture). Only the availability of software with recorded information about the shift in the spectral characteristic can really confirm the coincidence of characteristics on documents and real spectral characteristic of the mixture, i.e. to produce the material resource identification. The shift is the simplest method of encoding; it is possible to remove not only the whole spectral characteristic of a separate isotope, but also a separate area or a separate peak. Besides the simplest shifts it is possible to use practically any encryption methods, based, for example, on the same random hashing of separate areas of spectral characteristics and so on.

As everybody knows that all isotopes are distinguished from each other by concrete decay scheme. That means that every isotope is distinguished by hard binding of spectral peaks to the concrete energy.

The example of method execution: The isotope of gadolinium (parts of spectrum) of γ-irradiation Gd¹⁵⁶ accompanying the capture of slow neutron in gadolinium enriched by isotope Gd¹⁵⁵ is taken as a basis in spectral characteristic of the mixture.

The spectral characteristic of this isotope is presented by dependence of the number of impulse coming in the detector per minute from the energies of these impulses. It is possible to mark four peaks corresponded to the concrete energy, namely 960, 1038, 1066 and with some errors 1154 keV for this isotope. (Figure 12)

This part of spectral characteristic will be presented with some distortions (shift), for example, in the following way (Figure 13):

Spectral characteristics will be distorted. The peaks will correspond to other energies, which do not conform to the used isotope. The software does not diagnose the use of gadolinium isotope with such informational distortions.

The half-life period of short-living radioactive isotopes is chosen according to technological tasks, for example, to the term of passing the customs or period of storage. For example, the half-life period of radioactive isotope is exactly 10 hours at introduction of an isotopic tag on the basis of a mixture of stable and radioactive isotopes. If this tag is introduced in fuel (petrol) at the oil refinery and taking into account the time of delivery of a train with fuel to the boundary (for example 2-3 days) it can be fully confident that this tag will be easy read by devices and the material resource will be identified. After crossing the boundary the signal from a radioactive part of isotopic tag will be read within two days. It is the time for unloading of a train with fuel in the wholesale depot and for re-identification. The period of fuel storage in the wholesale depot can be determined. Further support of petrol from the wholesale depot to the retail trade is accompanied with that part of the tag, which was formed on the basis of stable isotopes. In any case it is possible to use radioactive isotopes under the stipulation that the following rale is observed. The material resource should get to the final consumer practically without radioactive part of the tag. The customary practice of application of short-living isotopes is as follows: if the period of half-life period of the selected isotope equals N hours (days) there will not be any radioactive isotope in the material resource 7-8 N hours (days) later. Taking into account this fact the following requirement is formulated: the half-life period of radioactive isotope with maximum half-life period in this mixture should not, exceed 1/8 technological term of using the material resource. Under the term of using the material resource is the period starting with introduction of radioactive part of the tag till coming to wholesale depots.

There are more subtle technological techniques related to a temporary transformation of the mixture of stable isotopes, which form an isotopic tag, into radioactive state by their additional irradiation. Identification is carried out by measurement of spectral characteristic from induced activity. The transformation of stable isotopes into radioactive state can be carried out by using of various methods, namely X-rays irradiation, flow of charged particles, neutron flux or any other known method. The most attractive is the method of irradiation by neutron flux, as this method allows to design small-scale plants and to use them in transport among the activation methods. The principle of operation of any neutron source is based on application of nuclear reactions using the escape of neutrons. The value of neutron activation analysis is the highest sensitivity in comparison with γ-activative and other analyses.

Taking into account the need in processing of a great number of the material resources (million tons) it is economically feasible to activate only the part of the material resource. In order that the part of the material resource to be contained an average number of stable isotopes, the parts of the material resource are homogenized before selection. The stable isotopes are temporary transformed into radioactive state in the process of irradiation of a part of the material resource by neutron flux. First of all it occurs due to the radiation neutron capture by atoms of the tag. The registered neutron resonance conforms to excited atomic state of an isotopic tag. With the use of neutron spectrometers this approach allows to determine the excited levels, energy as well as full and partial neutron widths; thus, to define the conformity of the tag to the material resource. Optimal choice of an isotopic tag allows selecting the modes, where the half-life period lasts from a few minutes up to a few hours that is quite enough for objective identification. After some hours or some days the induced activity of the tag completely disappears and the material resource gets to the consumer without radioactive isotopes, consequently ecologically pure product. The remained stable isotopes in the tag are sufficient for support of goods to the retail.

The existing contradiction between the necessity to use ecologically pure tag, containing a minimum quantity of isotopes and the desire to have sufficient number of isotopes, facilitating the availability of reliable spectral characteristic is partially settled because of an isotopic filter usage. If we measure a spectral characteristic, for example, from fuel, the fuel (part of fuel) is passed through the isotopic filter many times. An isotopic tag collected in the filter allows determining the isotope mixture in future that would be methodically difficult to define directly in the fuel. These examples allow using tags, which practically do not influence on ecological environment.

Firstly, it is temporary permitted to use a radioactive part of the tag in the proposed method, secondly, with the concentrations that^' it is difficult to define methodically, as a signal from natural radioactivity of environmental background is higher than the radioactivity, which was introduced in the material resource in the form of a tag. In order to extract a signal from the tag and not to confuse it with the signal from natural radioactivity, the material resource containing a tag is screened from the natural radioactive background. A vessel, which serves as a screen, is preliminary examined with the view to determine the level and the features of natural radioactivity. The above-mentioned information is taken into account (correctly is deducted) from the total spectral characteristic composed of the tag radioactivity and natural radioactivity of a vessel-screen.

We shall take a detailed look at the isotopic tag device.

There are known the generators of radioactive isotopes [10] applied for marking of substances by radioactive isotopes.

However, this device is not able to give a measured amount of liquid isotope and, in particular, it cannot create the isotope mixtures.

The device [11] containing the reservoirs for storage of isotopic substances, reservoir for ready isotopic tags joined by pipelines mounted with a metering valve and connected with automatic control unit was taken as a prototype.

However, this device can only give isotopes in doses, but it is not intended for mixing and obtaining of an irreproducible isotopic mixture. In principle, this device cannot create an irreproducible tag as an isotopic mixture is made according to the famous action programme, which can be repeated.

The proposed isotopic tag device contains the reservoirs for storage of isotopic substances, reservoir for ready isotopic tags joined by pipelines mounted with a metering valve and connected with automatic control unit.

The feature of the offered device is in the fact that this device additionally contains the random number generator connected with the control unit and with each metering valve. The second reservoir for ready isotopic tags, which connected with the reservoirs for storage of isotopic substances, is similar to the first one.

Each reservoir for storage of isotopes and reservoirs for storage of isotope mixtures are supplied by hermetic compressors, but metering valves are made in the form of gas batchers for production of a gaseous isotopic tag.

The metering valves are made in the form of liquid batchers, but mixers for production of a liquid isotopic tag supply reservoirs for isotopic tags.

The metering valves are made in the form of granular materials for production of a solid isotopic tag.

The device is in the hermetic housing, but the random number generator is supplied by the system of synchronous start by some people. The hermetic housing is supplied by biological defense technologies. The random number generator is in the safe, which is supplied by biological defense. The door of the safe is also supplied by the system of synchronous opening by some people. The safe is beyond the hermetic housing, but a housing and a mettalised part of biological defense are grounded. The device for personal identification and memory block connected with memory blocking mechanism supplies the safe. The device is supplied by a hermetic container-sump connected with the containers for storage of isotope mixtures and circulation pumps. The container-sump is beyond the hermetic housing and it is also supplied by biological defense. The container-sump is supplied by additional reserve pipeline, which connects it with one of the reservoirs for isotope storage. The device is additionally provided by self-contained power supply, which mainly placed in the hermetic housing.

The proposed device is presented in Figure 14. It has the reservoir 1 for storage of isotopic substances and the reservoir 2 for ready isotopic tags, which joined by pipelines 3, mounted with a metering valve 4 and connected with control unit 5. The pipelines 3 with metering valves (batchers) 4 are supplied by automated control unit 5. The device additionally has the random number generator 6 connected with control unit 5 and each metering valve 4. The second reservoir 2 for ready isotopic tags, which connected with the reservoirs 1 for storage of isotopic substances, is similar to the first one.

For production of a gaseous isotopic tag each reservoir for storage of isotopic substances 1 and reservoirs for ready isotopic tags are supplied by hermetic compressors 7 (Figure 15), but metering valves 4 are made in the form of gas batchers.

The device for production of a liquid isotopic tag is presented in Figure 16. In this case the metering valves 4 are made in the form of liquid batchers, but mixers 8 supply reservoirs for storage of isotope mixtures. The device for production of an isotopic tag from granular materials is similar to the device for production of a liquid isotopic tag.

The device with hermetic housing 9 and random number generator 6 supplied by the system 10 of synchronous start by some people presented in Figure 17. The hermetic housing 9 is supplied by biological defense 11.

The device, which random number generator 6 is inside the protected safe 12 supplied by biological defense 13, is presented in Figure 18. The door of the safe 12 is also supplied by the system 14 of synchronous opening by some people.

The device, which protected safe 12 is beyond the hermetic housing 9, as well as grounded housing 9 and metallised part of biological defense shown in Figure 19.

The safe 12 supplied by the device 15 for personal identification and memory block 16 connected with blocking mechanism 17 of the safe 12 presented separately in Figure 20.

The device provided by a hermetic container-sump 18 connected with reservoirs for ready isotopic tags 2 and circulation pumps 19 presented in Figure 21. The container-sump 18, which is beyond the hermetic housing 9 and supplied by radiation biological defense 20 presented in Figure 21.

The device, which container-sump 18 supplied by additional pipeline 21 connecting it with one of reservoirs for storage of isotopic substances 1 presented in Figure 22. The device is additionally provided by self-contained power supply 22, which mainly placed inside the hermetic housing 9.

The proposed device operates in the following way. The reservoirs 1 with isotopic substances are coming from a manufacturing department of isotopes (or warehouse of purchased production). The desired factor is a complete identity of these reservoirs 1. It is possible to mix these reservoirs 1 additionally before installation. It will lead to additional "encoding" of ready isotopic tag. The housing 9 is pressurized after loading of the device by reservoirs 1. Having turned two individual keys in the system 10, at least two persons (for greater reliability these two persons can present contending forces in the society and cannot come to an agreement in principle) activate the random number generator 6. The mixing of isotopes is carried out according to the law of random numbers using metering valves 4 and control unit 5. The ready isotopic mixture will have unique and irreproducible spectral characteristics.

The availability of hermetic compressors 7 is explained by the necessity to transfer of gaseous isotopes from reservoirs 1 for storage of isotopic substances into reservoirs for ready isotopic tags 2 at production of gaseous isotopic tag. The compressors 7 must be hermetic that derives from the safety requirements, especially if radioactive isotopes are applied. The mixtures 8 are mounted when a liquid isotopic tag is inside the reservoirs for ready isotopic tags 2. It is necessary for obtaining of an isotopic tag with equally distributed isotopes by volume. The availability of the system 10 of synchronous start by some people excludes an unauthorized production of isotopic tag. The hermetic housing 9 is supplied by radioactive biological defense 11 for environmental safety assurance. As the used isotopes have various decay schemes and they are accompanied by emission of neutron flux, γ-quantum and charged particles, the radiation system should be combined. It is better to use a lead coating for protection from γ-irradiation, but for protection from neutron flux — hydrogenous polymeric coating. The main and the most saving element of the device is random number generator 6. That is why it is installed inside the safe 12. The availability of biological defense 13 in the safe is provided in order to avoid errors in electronics from radioactivity. For the avoidance of installation of additional electronic blocks that could "correct" the operation of random number generator 6, the door of the safe 12 is also supplied by the system of synchronous opening 14 by some people. Besides of the safe 12, it can be beyond the hermetic housing 9, especially if it is well protected in informational sense. Otherwise it is advisable to place it inside the hermetic housing 9. The grounding of a housing 9 and a metallised part of biological defense allows avoiding an influence on operation of random number generator 6 by magnetic fields. The trusted people who formally approved by governing body (parliament, president and so on) are only permitted to have an access to the safe 12 (core of installation). It is appropriate to change periodically the list of persons who are permitted to the generator with the purpose to increase the reliability of the system as a whole. The access of trusted persons to the safe 12 is carried out according to the information on biometric characteristics of authorized persons, which stores in the memory block 16. While reaching the safe 12, the device 15 for personal identification (it can be based on biometrical facial recognition, iris, fingerprint and so on) compares the characteristics of a coming person with the characteristics in the memory block 16. If these characteristics are identical, the system opens the blocking mechanism 17 of the safe 12. If the random number generator 6 is inside the housing 9, the front door of hermetic housing (it is not shown in the figures) should be protected by a similar way.

In case when isotope mixture composed of insufficient number of isotopes (there are some other reasons, for example, the general ablution of the system) is in one of the reservoirs 2, then this mixture is sent to the container-sump 18. It is impossible to consider an isotopic mixture containing the sump 18, as waste products; these "waste products" are already made on the basis of several isotopes, therefore it is possible to send these "waste products" again through additional pipeline 21 in one of reservoirs 1 for isotope storage and production of a new complicated isotopic tag. The availability of self-contained power supply 22, which mainly placed inside the hermetic housing 9 that will limit the influence possibilities on the operation of the device as a whole.

It is possible to create an integrated state identification system of all material resources in any aggregative states on the basis of the proposed identification method and the device.

Sources of information:

1. Method of marking and indication of availability to the use of food products and medicines. Author's certificate USSR 3902617, Cl. G 21 H 5/00, 1970.

2. Identity Card. Author's certificate USSR 507265, Cl. G21 H 5/00, 1971. Additional scientific information:

3. Under the editorship of K. Zigbana. Alpha, beta and gamma-spectroscopy. Translation from English. Atomizdat. Moscow. 1969. 566 pag.

4. Blohin M.A. X-ray spectroscopic equipment, «ITT3», 1970, N°2.

5. Blohin I. A. Method of x-ray researches, M, 1959.

6. Plotnikov R.I. Pshenichnii G. A. Fluorescent x-ray radiometric analyses, M, 1973. 7 .Peysahson I. V., Optics of spectral devices, 2 edition., L, 1975.

8. Collected materials (translation from French and English.), under the editorship of Zhizhina G.N. Infrared spectroscopy of high resolution, M, 1972

9. Translation from English. Modulation spectroscopy, M., 1972.

10. Generator of radioactive isotopes. USA Patent 33566124, Cl. 250-106, 1971.

11. Fluid substances marking device by radioactive isotopes. Author's certificate USSR, 528885, 1972.

Claims

. CLAIMS

1. Method of spectral identification of the material resource objects by obtaining of spectral characteristics from a tag introduced in the object and comparison them with standard characteristics of the tag, which store in the central database differ by the fact that two and more independent methods of spectral characteristics, lying in different frequency ranges, are used simultaneously. Information about two and more spectral characteristics is processed in the form of a multidimensional (two- dimensional) hologram, but identification of the object is carried out by comparison of multidimensional standard hologram, which stores in the central database on the object with multidimensional hologram from the object.

2. The identification method, pursuant to item 1, differs in the fact that a multidimensional hologram is processed on the basis of spectral characteristics from the object of material resources.

3. The identification method, pursuant to item 1, differs in the fact that a multidimensional hologram is processed on the basis of spectral characteristics from the tag.

4. The identification method, pursuant to item 1, differs in the fact that a multidimensional hologram is processed on the basis of spectral characteristics both from the object and the tag.

5. Method identification pursuant to item 1 differs in the fact that mixing of isotopes creates a tag.

6. The identification method, pursuant to item 1, differs in the fact a tag is created by its X-ray irradiation and by measuring a fluorescent spectral characteristic from it.

7. The identification method, pursuant to item 1, differs in the fact that a tag is created by X-ray irradiation of a part of the material resource object.

8. The identification method, pursuant to item 1, differs in the fact that a multidimensional hologram is processed and presented for comparative analysis in the form of a set of two-dimensional (flat) holograms.

9. The identification method, pursuant to item . l, differs in the fact that a multidimensional hologram is processed and presented for comparative analysis in the form of a set of three-dimensional (volume) holograms.

10. The identification method of the material resource objects, pursuant to item 1, differs in the fact that each range of spectral characteristics is assigned a certain colour at information processing and building of a volume hologram.

11. The identification method of the material resource objects, pursuant to item 1, differs in the fact that each peak of spectral characteristic, depending on the height of the peak (or its reference area), is assigned colour intensity.

12. The identification method of the material resource objects, pursuant to item 1, differs in the fact that creation of an isotopic tag is carried out by mixing of isotopes according to the law of random numbers, obtaining of its characteristics is carried out by spectral method followed by encoding of spectral characteristics and allocation of informational areas in them, including introduction of an isotopic tag in the material resource object and following comparison with documentary characteristic of the material resource object.

13. Method, pursuant to item 1, 12, differs in the fact that the mixtures of stable isotopes are mainly used for creation of an isotopic tag.

14. Method, pursuant to item 1,12, differs in the fact that isotope mixtures in gas state are used for identification of gaseous material resources at creation of an isotopic tag.

15. Method, pursuant to item 1,12,14, differs in the fact that a gaseous isotopic tag is introduced in the gas flow impulsively for identification of gas flows, for example, in the pipeline.

16. Method, pursuant to item 1,12, differs in the fact that an isotopic tag is created by preliminary mixing with a liquid basis, which has high solubility in identified material resource, for identification of liquid material resource objects.

17. Method, pursuant to item 1, 12, 16, differs in the fact that preliminary mixing with a liquid basis from fat mixtures for identification of a liquid fuel, for example, petrol, creates an isotopic tag.

18. Method, pursuant to iteml, 12, differs in the fact that an isotopic tag is created from isotopes, which are in hard phase, with the following mixing with a part of the material resource for identification of solid and granular material resource objects.

19. Method, pursuant to item 1,12, 18, differs in the fact that the introduction of an isotopic tag in solid granular objects of the material resource is combined with the process of loading and unloading or packing.

20. Method, pursuant to item 1, 12, differs in the fact that an isotopic tag is created by formation in the form of electrode for identification of the objects of solid material resources, for example, made from metal, but introduction of an isotopic tag in the object is carried out in mode of electric (electric-spark) discharge.

21. Method, pursuant to item 1, 12, differs in the fact that an isotopic tag is introduced in the object of the material resource by its location in a high-speed gas- dynamic stream for identification of solid dielectric objects of the material resources.

22. Method, pursuant to item 1, 12, differs in the fact that an isotopic tag is introduced in a liquid phase of paper production at the stage of its production for identification of paper documents.

23. Method, pursuant to item 1, 12, 22, differs in the fact that an isotopic tag is introduced in a dye of visually perceived bar code of goods.

24. Method, pursuant to item 1, 12, 22, differs in the fact that an isotopic tag is introduced in "diving" thread for identification of paper documents.

25. Method, pursuant to item 1, 12, 22, differs in the fact that an isotopic tag is introduced in the area of watermark.

26. Method, pursuant to item 1, 12, differs in the fact that creation of an isotopic tag is carried out by addition to the mixture of stable isotopes at least one radioactive isotope; obtaining of spectral characteristic of an isotopic tag is carried out by "information stitching" of spectrums from stable isotopes using mass-spectroscopy and spectrums from radioactive isotopes using γ and β-spectroscopy.

27. Method, pursuant to item 1, 12, 26, differs in the fact that short-living isotopes permitted to be used for medical purposes are chosen as radioactive isotopes.

28. Method, pursuant to item 1, 12, 26, differs in the fact that "stitching" of spectrums, obtained by different methods from stable and radioactive isotopes, is carried out at the stage of encoding of spectral characteristics by their consequent linear combination.

29. Method, pursuant to item 1, 12, 26, differs in the fact that stitching of spectrums, obtained by different methods from stable and radioactive isotopes, and is carried out by their overlapping.

30. Method, pursuant to item 12, differs in the fact that overlapping of spectral characteristics is carried out with preliminary encrypted shift changeable in time.

31. Method, pursuant to item 12, differs in the fact that the half-life period of radioactive isotopes is chosen according to the coming technological tasks with a certain material resource, for example, to the term of passing the customs or period of storage in the wholesale store.

32. Method, pursuant to item 1, 12, 31, differs in the fact that creation of an isotopic tag is carried out by mixing of stable and short-living isotopes, where the half-life period of radioactive isotope with a maximum half-life period in this mixture should not exceed 1/8 technological term of using the material resource.

33. Method, pursuant to item 1, 6, 7, 12, differs in the fact that the mixture of stable isotopes is transformed into radioactive state by the way of additional irradiation at creation of an isotopic tag, but characteristic of an isotopic tag is obtained by measurement of spectral characteristic from induced activity.

34. Method, pursuant to item 1, 7, differs in the fact that transformation of the mixture of stable isotopes is carried out with a selected part of the material resource; a part of the material resource is homogenized before selection.

35. Method, pursuant to item 1, 12, differs in the fact that an isotopic tag is created from a liquid object of the material resource, which contains isotope mixture by passing a part of the material resource through the isotopic filter.

36. Method, pursuant to item 1, 12, differs in the fact that obtaining of spectral characteristics from radioactive part of a tag is carried out in conditions of screening of natural radioactive background and allocation of a sensor inside a shielded vessel containing the material resource, which is under investigation.

37. The device for obtaining of an isotopic tag, including the reservoirs for storage of isotopic substances and reservoir for ready isotopic tags, which are joined by pipelines, mounted with a metering valve and automatic control unit, differs in the fact that the device is additionally contains the random number generator connected control unit and each of metering valve. The second reservoir for ready isotopic tags connected with reservoirs for storage of isotopic substances is similar to the first one.

38. The device, pursuant to item 37, differs in the fact that hermetic compressors supply each reservoir for storage of isotopic substances and reservoirs for ready isotopic tags, but metering valves are made in the form of gas batchers for obtaining of a gaseous isotopic tag.

39. The device, pursuant to item 37, differs in the fact that metering valves are made in the form of liquid batchers for obtaining of a liquid isotopic tag, but the reservoirs for ready isotopic tags are supplied by mixers.

40. The device, pursuant to item 37, differs in the fact that metering valves are made in the form of granular materials at production of a solid isotopic tag.

41. The device, pursuant to item 37, differs in the fact that it is inside the hermetic housing, but the random number generator is supplied by the system of synchronous start.

42. The device, pursuant to item 37, differs in the fact that the hermetic housing is supplied by biological defense technologies.

43. The device, pursuant to item 37, differs in the fact that the random number generator is inside the safe, which supplied by biological defense technologies.

44. The device, pursuant to item 37, differs in the fact that the door of the safe is also supplied by the system of synchronous opening.

45. The device, pursuant to item 37, differs in the fact that protected safe is beyond the hermetic housing, but a housing and a metallised part of biological defense are grounded.

46. The device, pursuant to item 37, differs in the fact that the safe is supplied by the device for personal identification and memory block connected with blocking mechanism of the safe.

47. The device, pursuant to item 37, differs in the fact that container-sump and circulation pumps connected with reservoirs for ready isotopic tags supply it.

48. The device, pursuant to item 37, differs in the fact that a container-sump is beyond the hermetic housing and it is also supplied by radiation biological defense.

49. The device, pursuant to item 37, differs in the fact that a container-sump is joined by additional pipelines connecting it with one of reservoirs for storage of isotopic substances.

50. The device, pursuant to item 37, differs in the fact that it is additionally supplied by self-contained power supply, which mainly placed inside the hermetic housing.