WO2007052080A1 - Ski and ski pole carrier device - Google Patents

Ski and ski pole carrier device Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2007052080A1
WO2007052080A1 PCT/GB2006/050370 GB2006050370W WO2007052080A1 WO 2007052080 A1 WO2007052080 A1 WO 2007052080A1 GB 2006050370 W GB2006050370 W GB 2006050370W WO 2007052080 A1 WO2007052080 A1 WO 2007052080A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
strap
main strap
auxiliary
carrier device
main
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2006/050370
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Sian Brooks
Peter Brooks
Original Assignee
Sian Brooks
Peter Brooks
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sian Brooks, Peter Brooks filed Critical Sian Brooks
Priority to CA002628556A priority Critical patent/CA2628556A1/en
Priority to US12/092,575 priority patent/US20080277954A1/en
Publication of WO2007052080A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007052080A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63CSKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C11/00Accessories for skiing or snowboarding
    • A63C11/02Devices for stretching, clamping or pressing skis or snowboards for transportation or storage
    • A63C11/023Carrying-devices
    • A63C11/025Carrying-devices for skis or ski-sticks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a carrier device, particularly but not solely for skis and ski poles.
  • a number of carrier devices have been proposed or marketed hitherto, which serve to bundle together a pair of skis, and optionally a pair of ski poles, and to facilitate the carrying of the bundle thus formed.
  • These prior art devices have suffered from a variety of drawbacks or limitations for example some have buckles which makes them difficult to fasten around or undo from around the skis and ski poles, especially when wearing gloves; some are too large or do not fold compactly, once unfastened from around the skis, to put comfortably and safely into a pocket of the user when skiing.
  • a carrier device which comprises a main strap and two auxiliary straps which are joined, respectively, to the opposite ends of the main strap to extend at right angles therefrom, the auxiliary straps being arranged for wrapping around a pair of skis or around other elongate articles to fasten the skis or other articles together, each auxiliary strap having at least one portion which is joined to the main strap along an inclined line such that it may be folded to lie against the main strap and extend lengthwise thereof.
  • the auxiliary straps may be folded flat against the main strap and extending along it, to form an elongate, generally flat assembly which is compact and easy to slip into a pocket for storage.
  • This assembly itself may be arranged to be folded about one or more transverse lines, to bring it into a more compact form: for this purpose, the main strap may be formed with one or more transverse fold lines, spaced apart along its length. Further, the main strap may be provided with fastening means, preferably hook-and-pile fasteners, arranged to secure the assembly in folded condition.
  • each of the auxiliary straps is provided with fastening means, preferably hook-and-pile fasteners, for securing these straps around the skis or other articles being bundled together.
  • each auxiliary strap is joined to the main strap such that a minor portion of the auxiliary strap projects from one longitudinal edge of the main strap and a major portion of the auxiliary strap projects from the opposite edge of the main strap.
  • each such portion is joined to the main strap along an inclined line permitting it to be folded over to lie against the main strap and extend longitudinally of it.
  • the or each such portion of the auxiliary strap may be so joined to the main strap by a line of stitching.
  • FIGURE 1 is a view of the carrier device, when laid out flat, from one side;
  • FIGURE 2 is a corresponding view of the carrier device, from the opposite side.
  • a carrier device which comprises three straps joined together, namely a main or carrying strap 10 which, in use, extends lengthwise of the pair of skis, and two auxiliary or tying straps 20, 30 which are joined to the ends of the main strap 10 and which, in use, are fastened around the skis, one forwardly of the ski binding and the other rearwardly of the ski binding: the main strap 10 can then be gripped for picking the skis up and carrying them.
  • ski poles may be laid on or alongside the skis, preferably with the loops on their handles placed over the ends of the skis, before the auxiliary straps 20, 30 are wrapped around the skis and poles to bundle these together.
  • each of the auxiliary straps 20, 30 is joined to its end of the main strap 10 so as to extend at right angles to the latter, with a short or minor portion 21 , 31 at one end of the respective auxiliary strap projecting from one edge of the main strap 10 and the remainder or major portion 22, 32 of the auxiliary strap projecting from the other edge of the main strap: it will also be noted that both auxiliary straps 20, 30 are disposed flat against the same side of the main strap 10 but their major portions 22, 32 project from opposite edges of the latter.
  • Each auxiliary strap 20, 30 is joined to the main strap 10 by two lines of stitches e.g.
  • the main strap 10 is formed with a number of transverse fold lines 12, 13, 14, 15, for example by respective lines of stitching.
  • the main strap 10 is 40mm wide and overall 480mm long: the fold lines 12, 13 are 112mm from the opposite ends of the strap, and the fold lines 14, 15 are 226mm from the opposite ends of the strap: the fold lines 14, 15 are therefore spaced 28mm apart.
  • Complementary, or male and female, pieces of hook-and-pile (Velcro) fastener 16, 17 are attached to one face of the main strap 10, being the face opposite that to which the auxiliary straps 20, 30 are stitched, adjacent but outwardly of the fold lines 12, 13.
  • each of the auxiliary straps is 20mm wide and 495mm long.
  • the short or minor portion e.g. 21 of the strap projects by 25mm from the respective edge of the main strap 10, so that the remainder or major portion e.g. 22 of the auxiliary strap projects 430mm from the opposite edge of the main strap 10.
  • each auxiliary strap being the face joined to the main strap 10
  • Velcro hook-and-pile
  • each auxiliary strap has female pieces of hook-and- pile (Velcro) fastener stitched to it, as follows: a first piece 28 extending for 100mm from the outer or free end of the strap, and a second piece 29 extending for a further 220mm, after a 5mm gap.
  • Velcro hook-and- pile
  • the device In use of the device for carrying a pair of skis, and optionally a pair of ski poles, the device is laid out flat as shown with the main strap 10 extending lengthwise of the skis: the auxiliary straps 20, 30 are then wrapped in opposite senses around the skis and ski poles over the minor portions 21 , 31 .
  • One auxiliary strap 20 is wrapped forwardly of the ski bindings and the other rearwardly of the ski bindings; the male and female pieces of hook-and-pile fasteners on the opposite sides of each strap 20, 30 are engaged together to secure the straps around the skis and ski poles.
  • the bundle thus tied can be carried easily by gripping the main strap 10.
  • the auxiliary straps 20, 30 can be undone quickly and easily to free the skis and ski poles.
  • the carrier device can then be folded compactly, as follows: firstly, the minor portion e.g. 21 of one auxiliary strap e.g. 20 is folded over onto one face of the main strap 10, as indicated by the arrow A in Figure 1 , then the major portion 22 of the same auxiliary strap is folded over onto the same face of the main strap, as indicated by arrow B; the same procedure is then followed for auxiliary strap 30.
  • each of the auxiliary straps is joined to the main strap ensures that, as the respective portions of the auxiliary straps are folded about those fold lines, they are brought into positions in which they extend lengthwise of the main strap 10 and face-to-face therewith. Further, the free ends of the auxiliary straps 20, 30 terminate short of the remote ends of the main strap 10.
  • the elongate assembly thus formed is folded along lines corresponding to the fold lines 12, 13, 14, 15 of the main strap, and the pieces 16, 17 of hook-and-pile fastener on the main strap 10 engaged to secure the assembly in this condition. It will be noted that the gaps provided between the pieces e.g.
  • the device In its folded-up condition, the device forms a compact unit which is elongate and relatively flat in form, enabling it to be slipped into a convenient pocket, such as the elongate pocket commonly found on the sleeves of ski suits.
  • a convenient pocket such as the elongate pocket commonly found on the sleeves of ski suits.
  • the device is easy to apply to a set of skis and easy to undo, as it relies on hook- and-pile fasteners rather than buckles etc., such that it can be applied and undone whilst wearing gloves.
  • the device folds easily into a compact unit which can be put comfortably and safely into a pocket for storage whilst skiing.
  • the device is moreover 20 of simple and inexpensive construction.

Abstract

A device for carrying skis and poles comprises a main strap (10) and two auxiliary straps (20, 30) which are joined, respectively, to the opposite ends of the main strap (10) to extend at right angles therefrom, the auxiliary straps (20, 30) being arranged for wrapping around the skis to fasten them together. Each auxiliary strap (20, 30) has at least one portion which is joined to the main strap (10) along an inclined line (23, 24) such that when not in use, it may be folded to lie flat against the main strap (10) and extend lengthwise thereof, to form an elongate, generally flat assembly which is compact and easy to slip into a pocket for storage.

Description

Ski and ski pole carrier device
The present invention relates to a carrier device, particularly but not solely for skis and ski poles.
A number of carrier devices have been proposed or marketed hitherto, which serve to bundle together a pair of skis, and optionally a pair of ski poles, and to facilitate the carrying of the bundle thus formed. These prior art devices have suffered from a variety of drawbacks or limitations for example some have buckles which makes them difficult to fasten around or undo from around the skis and ski poles, especially when wearing gloves; some are too large or do not fold compactly, once unfastened from around the skis, to put comfortably and safely into a pocket of the user when skiing.
We have now devised a carrier device which is easy to fasten around or undo from a pair of skis, and which the user can fold easily and compactly for convenient and safe storage in a pocket whilst skiing.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a carrier device which comprises a main strap and two auxiliary straps which are joined, respectively, to the opposite ends of the main strap to extend at right angles therefrom, the auxiliary straps being arranged for wrapping around a pair of skis or around other elongate articles to fasten the skis or other articles together, each auxiliary strap having at least one portion which is joined to the main strap along an inclined line such that it may be folded to lie against the main strap and extend lengthwise thereof.
In this arrangement, the auxiliary straps may be folded flat against the main strap and extending along it, to form an elongate, generally flat assembly which is compact and easy to slip into a pocket for storage. This assembly itself may be arranged to be folded about one or more transverse lines, to bring it into a more compact form: for this purpose, the main strap may be formed with one or more transverse fold lines, spaced apart along its length. Further, the main strap may be provided with fastening means, preferably hook-and-pile fasteners, arranged to secure the assembly in folded condition.
Preferably each of the auxiliary straps is provided with fastening means, preferably hook-and-pile fasteners, for securing these straps around the skis or other articles being bundled together. Preferably each auxiliary strap is joined to the main strap such that a minor portion of the auxiliary strap projects from one longitudinal edge of the main strap and a major portion of the auxiliary strap projects from the opposite edge of the main strap. Preferably each such portion is joined to the main strap along an inclined line permitting it to be folded over to lie against the main strap and extend longitudinally of it. The or each such portion of the auxiliary strap may be so joined to the main strap by a line of stitching.
An embodiment of the present invention will now be described by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIGURE 1 is a view of the carrier device, when laid out flat, from one side; and
FIGURE 2 is a corresponding view of the carrier device, from the opposite side.
Referring to the drawings, there is shown a carrier device which comprises three straps joined together, namely a main or carrying strap 10 which, in use, extends lengthwise of the pair of skis, and two auxiliary or tying straps 20, 30 which are joined to the ends of the main strap 10 and which, in use, are fastened around the skis, one forwardly of the ski binding and the other rearwardly of the ski binding: the main strap 10 can then be gripped for picking the skis up and carrying them. If desired, ski poles may be laid on or alongside the skis, preferably with the loops on their handles placed over the ends of the skis, before the auxiliary straps 20, 30 are wrapped around the skis and poles to bundle these together.
In more detail, it will be noted that each of the auxiliary straps 20, 30 is joined to its end of the main strap 10 so as to extend at right angles to the latter, with a short or minor portion 21 , 31 at one end of the respective auxiliary strap projecting from one edge of the main strap 10 and the remainder or major portion 22, 32 of the auxiliary strap projecting from the other edge of the main strap: it will also be noted that both auxiliary straps 20, 30 are disposed flat against the same side of the main strap 10 but their major portions 22, 32 project from opposite edges of the latter. Each auxiliary strap 20, 30 is joined to the main strap 10 by two lines of stitches e.g. 23, 24 for strap 20, these two lines of stitches extending at 450 to the length of the main strap 10 and converging to a point at the respective end of the main strap. This arrangement enables both the short or minor portion e.g. 21 and the major portion e.g. 22 of each strap to be folded over flat against the main strap 10, as will be explained in more detail below.
The main strap 10 is formed with a number of transverse fold lines 12, 13, 14, 15, for example by respective lines of stitching. In the example shown, the main strap 10 is 40mm wide and overall 480mm long: the fold lines 12, 13 are 112mm from the opposite ends of the strap, and the fold lines 14, 15 are 226mm from the opposite ends of the strap: the fold lines 14, 15 are therefore spaced 28mm apart. Complementary, or male and female, pieces of hook-and-pile (Velcro) fastener 16, 17 are attached to one face of the main strap 10, being the face opposite that to which the auxiliary straps 20, 30 are stitched, adjacent but outwardly of the fold lines 12, 13.
Also in the example shown, each of the auxiliary straps is 20mm wide and 495mm long. The short or minor portion e.g. 21 of the strap projects by 25mm from the respective edge of the main strap 10, so that the remainder or major portion e.g. 22 of the auxiliary strap projects 430mm from the opposite edge of the main strap 10. Referring to Figure 2 of the drawings, one face of each auxiliary strap, being the face joined to the main strap 10, has male pieces of hook-and-pile (Velcro) fastener stitched to it, as follows: a first piece 25 extending the length of the short or minor portion 21 , a second piece 26 extending along the major portion 22 for 85mm from the respective edge of the main strap, and a third piece 27 extending for a further 110mm along the same portion, after a 5mm gap. Referring to Figure 1 of the drawings, the opposite face of each auxiliary strap has female pieces of hook-and- pile (Velcro) fastener stitched to it, as follows: a first piece 28 extending for 100mm from the outer or free end of the strap, and a second piece 29 extending for a further 220mm, after a 5mm gap.
In use of the device for carrying a pair of skis, and optionally a pair of ski poles, the device is laid out flat as shown with the main strap 10 extending lengthwise of the skis: the auxiliary straps 20, 30 are then wrapped in opposite senses around the skis and ski poles over the minor portions 21 , 31 . One auxiliary strap 20 is wrapped forwardly of the ski bindings and the other rearwardly of the ski bindings; the male and female pieces of hook-and-pile fasteners on the opposite sides of each strap 20, 30 are engaged together to secure the straps around the skis and ski poles. The bundle thus tied can be carried easily by gripping the main strap 10.
When the user reaches the ski slope and wishes to use the skis, the auxiliary straps 20, 30 can be undone quickly and easily to free the skis and ski poles. The carrier device can then be folded compactly, as follows: firstly, the minor portion e.g. 21 of one auxiliary strap e.g. 20 is folded over onto one face of the main strap 10, as indicated by the arrow A in Figure 1 , then the major portion 22 of the same auxiliary strap is folded over onto the same face of the main strap, as indicated by arrow B; the same procedure is then followed for auxiliary strap 30. It will be appreciated that the arrangement of the 45° lines of stitching by which each of the auxiliary straps is joined to the main strap ensures that, as the respective portions of the auxiliary straps are folded about those fold lines, they are brought into positions in which they extend lengthwise of the main strap 10 and face-to-face therewith. Further, the free ends of the auxiliary straps 20, 30 terminate short of the remote ends of the main strap 10. Next, the elongate assembly thus formed is folded along lines corresponding to the fold lines 12, 13, 14, 15 of the main strap, and the pieces 16, 17 of hook-and-pile fastener on the main strap 10 engaged to secure the assembly in this condition. It will be noted that the gaps provided between the pieces e.g. 26, 27 and 28, 29 of hook-and-pile fastener on each of the auxiliary straps correspond with the lines of fold 12, 13 of the main strap, to facilitate the folding of the auxiliary straps together with the main strap, once the auxiliary straps have been folded onto the main strap.
In its folded-up condition, the device forms a compact unit which is elongate and relatively flat in form, enabling it to be slipped into a convenient pocket, such as the elongate pocket commonly found on the sleeves of ski suits. It will be appreciated that the device is easy to apply to a set of skis and easy to undo, as it relies on hook- and-pile fasteners rather than buckles etc., such that it can be applied and undone whilst wearing gloves. The device folds easily into a compact unit which can be put comfortably and safely into a pocket for storage whilst skiing. The device is moreover 20 of simple and inexpensive construction.

Claims

1 ) A carrier device which comprises a main strap and two auxiliary straps which are joined, respectively, to the opposite ends of the main strap to extend at right angles therefrom, the auxiliary straps being arranged for wrapping around a pair of skis or around other elongate articles to fasten the skis or other articles together, each auxiliary strap having at least one portion which is joined to the main strap along an inclined line such that it may be folded to lie against the main strap and extend lengthwise thereof.
2) A carrier device as claimed in claim 1 , in which the main strap is formed with one or more transverse fold lines, spaced apart along its length.
3) A carrier device as claimed in claims 1 or 2, in which, the main strap is provided with fastening means arranged to secure the assembly in folded condition.
4) A carrier device as claimed in claim 3, in which, the fastening means of said main strap comprises hook-and-pile fasteners.
5) A carrier device as claimed in any preceding claim, in which each of the auxiliary straps is provided with fastening means.
6) A carrier device as claimed in claim 5, in which the fastening means of said auxiliary straps comprises hook-and-pile fasteners.
7) A carrier device as claimed in any preceding claim, in which each auxiliary strap is joined to the main strap such that a minor portion of the auxiliary strap projects from one longitudinal edge of the main strap and a major portion of the auxiliary strap projects from the opposite edge of the main strap.
8) A carrier device as claimed in claim 7, in which each such minor portion is joined to the main strap along an inclined line permitting it to be folded over to lie against the main strap and extend longitudinally of it. ) A carrier device as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the or each portion of the auxiliary strap is joined to the main strap by a line of stitching.
PCT/GB2006/050370 2005-11-05 2006-11-06 Ski and ski pole carrier device WO2007052080A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002628556A CA2628556A1 (en) 2005-11-05 2006-11-06 Ski and ski pole carrier device
US12/092,575 US20080277954A1 (en) 2005-11-05 2006-11-06 Ski and Ski Pole Carrier Device

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0522637.8A GB0522637D0 (en) 2005-11-05 2005-11-05 Ski web ski & pole carrier
GB0522637.8 2005-11-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007052080A1 true WO2007052080A1 (en) 2007-05-10

Family

ID=35516440

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2006/050370 WO2007052080A1 (en) 2005-11-05 2006-11-06 Ski and ski pole carrier device

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20080277954A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2628556A1 (en)
GB (1) GB0522637D0 (en)
WO (1) WO2007052080A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9950233B2 (en) 2009-01-08 2018-04-24 Sebastian Bilbao Method for training and assisting alpine skiers

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140054336A1 (en) * 2011-03-09 2014-02-27 Fernando Conde Rodriguez Device for Transporting Skiing Equipment
DE102011014674A1 (en) * 2011-03-22 2012-09-27 Global Safety Textiles Gmbh Device for handling objects
FR3053012B1 (en) * 2016-06-23 2018-08-10 Inteva Products France Sas. AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE LUGGAGE COMPARTMENT REPAIR SYSTEM

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4114838A (en) * 1976-11-22 1978-09-19 Knauf James E Carrier for skis and ski poles
DE9006487U1 (en) * 1990-06-08 1990-09-13 Cymorek, Siegfried
US5335835A (en) * 1993-05-04 1994-08-09 Hogan Larry E Ski equipment carrying strap
DE4422180A1 (en) * 1994-06-28 1996-01-04 Andreas Last Carrying device for skis, surfboards, etc.
FR2781385A1 (en) * 1998-07-22 2000-01-28 Christian Riesco Belt used for foot transport of pair of skis and poles

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2530695A (en) * 1947-07-26 1950-11-21 Helmert Frits Ragnvald Helmer Ski carrier and waist belt
USD273348S (en) * 1982-03-08 1984-04-10 Risch Richard S Ski and ski pole carrier
USD337882S (en) * 1991-01-09 1993-08-03 Bender Charles E Sling for skis and poles with attachable carrying case
US5575412A (en) * 1992-06-12 1996-11-19 Arias; Fred Ski carrier
US5335826A (en) * 1993-02-23 1994-08-09 Aoyama Seisakusho Co., Ltd. Apparatus for feeding nuts or the like
US5450991A (en) * 1994-02-25 1995-09-19 Neading; Ryan R. Combination storage belt and ski carrier accessory and method of conversion
US7832605B2 (en) * 2005-04-12 2010-11-16 Michael H Bertucci Watch band construction

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4114838A (en) * 1976-11-22 1978-09-19 Knauf James E Carrier for skis and ski poles
DE9006487U1 (en) * 1990-06-08 1990-09-13 Cymorek, Siegfried
US5335835A (en) * 1993-05-04 1994-08-09 Hogan Larry E Ski equipment carrying strap
DE4422180A1 (en) * 1994-06-28 1996-01-04 Andreas Last Carrying device for skis, surfboards, etc.
FR2781385A1 (en) * 1998-07-22 2000-01-28 Christian Riesco Belt used for foot transport of pair of skis and poles

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9950233B2 (en) 2009-01-08 2018-04-24 Sebastian Bilbao Method for training and assisting alpine skiers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0522637D0 (en) 2005-12-14
US20080277954A1 (en) 2008-11-13
CA2628556A1 (en) 2007-05-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5468036A (en) Ski and ski pole transport strap system
US5427291A (en) Ski carrier and method employing same
US7568599B2 (en) Ski tote including a backpack strap for carrying a pair of skis
US4456284A (en) Convertible skier seat and ski carrier
US3960302A (en) Ski carrying strap
US4728123A (en) Releasable strap system
US5575412A (en) Ski carrier
US5803332A (en) Pack with integrated ski and snowboard cuff system
US5908206A (en) Ski pole strap and ski and boot carrier system
US6457762B1 (en) Ski carrying device
US20080277954A1 (en) Ski and Ski Pole Carrier Device
US6736263B1 (en) Elastic coverings for skis, snowboards, and the like
US6182875B1 (en) Adjustable skate carrier
US20030173382A1 (en) Flexible pocket ski carrier
US7052044B1 (en) Releasable ski tip coupler
US5056819A (en) Ski pole strap
US5197760A (en) Ski tying band
US6233743B1 (en) Mitten for securing a handicapped person's hand to ski pole
US20110057004A1 (en) Sport Board Carrying Harness
US6311883B1 (en) Ski case
EP3204130B1 (en) Sling carrier for skis and ski boots
US20090188438A1 (en) Device for attaching an artificial tail to an animal
US20160101344A1 (en) Sling Carrier for Skis, Snowboard and Boots
WO2007138524A2 (en) Ski carrying device
US6422385B1 (en) Elastic ski covering having removable fasteners

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 12092575

Country of ref document: US

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2628556

Country of ref document: CA

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 06808734

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1