WO2007120261A2 - Expedited digital signal decoding - Google Patents
Expedited digital signal decoding Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007120261A2 WO2007120261A2 PCT/US2006/060713 US2006060713W WO2007120261A2 WO 2007120261 A2 WO2007120261 A2 WO 2007120261A2 US 2006060713 W US2006060713 W US 2006060713W WO 2007120261 A2 WO2007120261 A2 WO 2007120261A2
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- Prior art keywords
- buffer
- data
- data rate
- rate
- occupancy level
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/22—Traffic shaping
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/25—Flow control; Congestion control with rate being modified by the source upon detecting a change of network conditions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/30—Flow control; Congestion control in combination with information about buffer occupancy at either end or at transit nodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
- H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
- H04L65/70—Media network packetisation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/21—Server components or server architectures
- H04N21/222—Secondary servers, e.g. proxy server, cable television Head-end
- H04N21/2221—Secondary servers, e.g. proxy server, cable television Head-end being a cable television head-end
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
- H04N21/23406—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving management of server-side video buffer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/438—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network originating from a server, e.g. retrieving MPEG packets from an IP network
- H04N21/4383—Accessing a communication channel
- H04N21/4384—Accessing a communication channel involving operations to reduce the access time, e.g. fast-tuning for reducing channel switching latency
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/44—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs
- H04N21/44004—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs involving video buffer management, e.g. video decoder buffer or video display buffer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client
- H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
- H04N21/64—Addressing
- H04N21/6405—Multicasting
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client
- H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
- H04N21/64—Addressing
- H04N21/6408—Unicasting
Definitions
- This invention relates in general to broadband communications systems, and more particularly, to the use of a decoder buffer and particular data rates to perform an expedited channel alteration.
- a broadband communications system includes data sources, a broadcasting network, a headend unit, and edge devices.
- the data sources can be encoders and video sources that send data through an uplink to the broadcasting network.
- the broadcasting can be encoders and video sources that send data through an uplink to the broadcasting network.
- three common types of signals received at the headend include off-air signals,
- the satellite signals include any signal transmitted from an earth station to an orbiting satellite which are then retransmitted back down to earth.
- the signals are transmitted from earth to the orbiting satellite on a path
- the uplink referred to as the uplink.
- These signals are then received by a transponder on the satellite
- the transponder amplifies the incoming signal and changes its frequency for the
- the headend (HE) or central office is where signals from multiple sources are
- Signals Once signals have been prepared for delivery, they are combined onto a medium to be sent over the access network to the customer premise devices.
- Conditioning may include conversion of analog to digital, digital bit-rate conversion, conversion from variable bit rate to constant or clamped bit rate, conversion of multiple- program transport streams to single-program transport streams or any other type of
- the medium may include coaxial, twisted pair or
- transmission in edge devices may include generation of an RF carrier, modulation,
- Edge devices vary depending on the type of network, and include the headend
- the fiber access network can include an optical line terminal (OLT), an optical node terminal (ONT), and customer premises devices inside the home. Therefore, the OLT and ONT may be considered either an edge device or an access network device.
- OLT optical line terminal
- ONT optical node terminal
- the ONT may at times be considered a customer premises device.
- a hybrid fiber/coax (HFC) network typically uses modulator edge devices.
- An HFC access network can include RF to optical converters, optical to RF converters, optical and RF amplifiers, optical and RF combiners, splitters and taps.
- HFC customer premises devices include RF modems and set-top boxes.
- a digital subscriber line (DSL) network can include a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM).
- DSL modems are usually located in customer premises.
- Customer premise devices can include
- FIG. 1 illustrates a satellite broadcast network 100.
- program content is stored on video servers controlled by a broadcast automation system.
- Any analog content at a network operations center (NOC) 120 is compressed using encoders and then multiplexed with the content delivered from the video file servers.
- NOC 120 is responsible for overall control and co-ordination of the uplink and the downlink sites.
- a headend (HE) 130 may include a network groomer 140 for generating multicast data streams such as video, audio, and/or data signals.
- the headend 130 also has numerous
- decoders which preferably each have a mass storage device, such as a hard disk drive.
- the standard encoding technique proposed by the Moving Pictures Experts Group uses a variable length coding method. Accordingly, the amount of the data output from an encoder of a transmitter varies according to a change in a scene or the magnitude of motion in an image input from an external information source. Therefore, it is required that the occupancy level of a buffer in a set-top box, which stores a received signal, is appropriately controlled.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a satellite broadcast system with an uplink, headend, and network operations center.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the system of FIG. 1 in combination with a fiber access network and a customer premises network.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the system of FIG. 1 in combination with a hybrid fiber/coax access network and a customer premises network.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the system of FIG. 1 in combination with a DSL access network and a customer premises network.
- FIG. 5 illustrates multicast data flow from a headend to a set-top box.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a unicast data flow from a headend to a set-top box.
- FIG. 7 illustrates buffer occupancy levels and corresponding data flow rates.
- transmitted broadband signals may include at least one of
- IP Internet Protocol
- Set-top boxes tune to data streams coming from the HE 130 in a broadcast
- An MPEG buffer, or decoder buffer, in the set-top box must completely fill with the incoming data stream before starting to decode and display images or underflow will occur.
- the incoming data stream can be in numerous formats, such as MPEG2, MPEG4,
- FIG. 2 illustrates the satellite broadcast system 100 of FIG. 1 in combination with
- Encoders 210 and video servers 220 are the data sources that feed a broadcast network 230 of the satellite broadcast system 100.
- Video servers 240 and encoders 250 located at the HE 130 are
- the HE 130 of the satellite broadcast system 100 is used to insert local programming.
- an optical line terminal (OLT) 260 transmits downstream to
- optical network terminals (ONT) 270 which are located outside the customer premises network 280.
- the OLT 260 is responsible for allocating necessary upstream bandwidths to the ONTs 270 by issuing data grants in an appropriate manner.
- the signals can be split and combined using a router 282, or other
- STBs set-top boxes
- PCs personal computers
- FIG. 3 illustrates the satellite broadcast system 100 of FICr. 1 in combination with
- Hybrid fiber/coax (HFC) access network 300 and the customer premises network 280.
- HFC hybrid fiber/coax
- the components used for the HFC access network 300 are similar to those used for the
- the hybrid fiber/coax network 300 uses an edge modulator 310.
- the signal is received by a cable modem 320 and sent to various devices, such as one or more STBs, also known as home communication terminals, 284 or PCs
- RF STBs may interface to the HFC access network 300 directly using internal modems.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the satellite broadcast system 100 of FIG. 1 in combination with
- the DSL access network 400 uses the DSL access network 400 to link numerous users to a single DSL access network 400 to a single DSL access network 400 .
- DSL access network 400 has a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM) 410 that links numerous users to a single DSL access network 400 .
- DSL access network 400 has a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM) 410 that links numerous users to a single DSL access network 400 .
- DSL access network 400 has a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM) 410 that links numerous users to a single DSL access network 400 .
- DSL access network 400 has a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM) 410 that links numerous users to a single DSL access network 400 .
- DSL access network 400 has a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM) 410 that links numerous users to a single DSL access network 400 .
- DSL access network 400 has a digital subscriber line access multiplex
- the signal is received by a local network 420 possibly containing a modem and bridge router.
- the signal is split there and fed to various devices, such as one or more STBs 284 or PCs 286.
- FIG. 5 illustrates multicast data flow, which is the simultaneous delivery of
- the STB 284 requests a signal and the HE 130 sends the multicast data flow over an edge device 510 to the STB 284.
- the STB 284 tunes to the multicast video stream and a decoder/dejitteir buffer 520 in the STB 284 fills with packets directly from the multicast video stream.
- the data stream is typically entering the buffer 520 at a natural stream rate.
- the decoder may start to output the data at a rate lower than the natural stream rate. This allows the buffer to continue filling while images are displayed to the user. Because data is output from the buffer 520 before the buffer is full, the user experiences faster channel changes or
- the output rate will increase to the natural stream rate. For example, if a video stream is entering the buffer 520 at a natural stream rate of three megabytes per second, the output rate from the decoder will be less, such as 2.5 megabytes per second. This gives the buffer 520 time to fill completely, but also allows the user to receive the requested data before the buffer 520 is full. Once the buffer 520 is completely full, the output rate from the decoder will increase to the natural stream rate which in this case is three megabytes per second.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a unicast data flow, which is a single stream of data, from the HE 130 to the STB 284.
- This unicast flow may be a flow destined only to this STB 284, for instance VOD.
- This unicast flow may also be a flow associated with quickly filling
- the STB 284 requests a signal and the HE
- the STB 284 tunes to the
- the input rate into the STB 284 may be faster than or equal to the
- the decoder may start to output the data at a rate lower than the natural stream rate. After a period of time or a set buffer occupancy level, the STB 284 may switch from the unicast data flow to a multicast data flow. The buffer 520 will continue
- the decoder will then decode at the natural stream rate.
- FIG. 7 illustrates buffer occupancy levels and corresponding data flow rates.
- buffer occupancy increases from the left side of the buffer 520 to the right side of the buffer 520. Therefore, the varying output data flow from the buffer 520 is illustrated in conjunction with the varying occupancy level of the buffer
- the data stream is input to the buffer 520 at
- Rate A a natural stream rate or a rate faster than the natural stream rate, for example Rate A.
- the decoder When a first occupancy level is reached in the buffer, the decoder begins decoding the data and outputting the data at a rate lower than the natural stream rate, such as Rate B.
- the data stream could change from a unicast stream to a
- Rate C could be equal to Rate A or the natural stream rate.
- the STB 284 can request a unicast data stream from the HE 130.
- the unicast data stream is sent at Rate A, a natural data rate of six megabytes per second, to the buffer 520 in the STB 284.
- Rate A a natural data rate of six megabytes per second
- the buffer 520 begins to output data to the decoder at Rate B, which is four megabytes per second.
- Rate B a second occupancy level
- the STB 284 requests that the data flow from the HE 130 become a multicast data flow, which allows more information to be sent from the HE
- Rate C which is equal to Rate A, the natural data rate.
Abstract
Expedited digital signal decoding. A multicast or unicast data stream is sent fro a headend to a set-top box at a natural rate. A decoder buffer in the set-top box begins to fill. Once the buffer is partially full, a decoder begins to decode the data at a rate lower than the natural rate. Images are displayed to the user before the buffer is full, allowing for a faster channel change.
Description
EXPEDITED DIGITAL SIGNAL DECODING
FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates in general to broadband communications systems, and more particularly, to the use of a decoder buffer and particular data rates to perform an expedited channel alteration.
BACKGROUND A broadband communications system includes data sources, a broadcasting network, a headend unit, and edge devices. The data sources can be encoders and video sources that send data through an uplink to the broadcasting network. In the broadcasting
network, three common types of signals received at the headend include off-air signals,
satellite signals, and local origination signals. The satellite signals include any signal transmitted from an earth station to an orbiting satellite which are then retransmitted back down to earth. The signals are transmitted from earth to the orbiting satellite on a path
referred to as the uplink. These signals are then received by a transponder on the satellite
and are retransmitted from the transponder to a receiving earth station over a downlink. The transponder amplifies the incoming signal and changes its frequency for the
downlink journey to avoid interference with uplink signals.
The headend (HE) or central office is where signals from multiple sources are
received and are conditioned and prepared for transmission over an access network to
subscribers. Once signals have been prepared for delivery, they are combined onto a medium to be sent over the access network to the customer premise devices. Conditioning may include conversion of analog to digital, digital bit-rate conversion,
conversion from variable bit rate to constant or clamped bit rate, conversion of multiple- program transport streams to single-program transport streams or any other type of
grooming or combination of these. The medium may include coaxial, twisted pair or
other cable, optical fiber, or some form of wireless transmission. The preparation for
transmission in edge devices may include generation of an RF carrier, modulation,
conversion to optical, frequency division multiplexing, time division multiplexing, wavelength division multiplexing or any combination of these.
Edge devices vary depending on the type of network, and include the headend
output devices. These edge devices sometime overlap with or extend into an access
network. The fiber access network can include an optical line terminal (OLT), an optical node terminal (ONT), and customer premises devices inside the home. Therefore, the OLT and ONT may be considered either an edge device or an access network device.
However, the ONT may at times be considered a customer premises device.
A hybrid fiber/coax (HFC) network typically uses modulator edge devices. An HFC access network can include RF to optical converters, optical to RF converters, optical and RF amplifiers, optical and RF combiners, splitters and taps. HFC customer premises devices include RF modems and set-top boxes.
A digital subscriber line (DSL) network can include a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM). DSL modems are usually located in customer premises. The OLTs, modulators, and DSLAMs, also known as edge devices, service numerous user homes, such as a neighborhood in a city. Customer premise devices can include
modems, routers, personal computers, set-top boxes (STB), etc.
FIG. 1 illustrates a satellite broadcast network 100. At an uplink facility 110, program content is stored on video servers controlled by a broadcast automation system. Any analog content at a network operations center (NOC) 120 is compressed using encoders
and then multiplexed with the content delivered from the video file servers. The NOC 120 is responsible for overall control and co-ordination of the uplink and the downlink sites. A headend (HE) 130 may include a network groomer 140 for generating multicast data streams such as video, audio, and/or data signals. The headend 130 also has numerous
decoders which preferably each have a mass storage device, such as a hard disk drive.
The standard encoding technique proposed by the Moving Pictures Experts Group (MPEG) uses a variable length coding method. Accordingly, the amount of the data output from an encoder of a transmitter varies according to a change in a scene or the magnitude of motion in an image input from an external information source. Therefore, it is required that the occupancy level of a buffer in a set-top box, which stores a received signal, is appropriately controlled.
Problems occur when tuning to a digital channel because the MPEG buffer must fill before starting to decode and display images. This can take up to two seconds and negatively impacts channel change times. If playback begins before the buffer is full,
underflow may result. What is needed is a means to facilitate fast channel change before the buffer is full.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention can be better understood with reference to the following drawings.
The components in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the invention, hi the drawings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views.
FIG. 1 illustrates a satellite broadcast system with an uplink, headend, and network operations center.
FIG. 2 illustrates the system of FIG. 1 in combination with a fiber access network and a customer premises network. FIG. 3 illustrates the system of FIG. 1 in combination with a hybrid fiber/coax access network and a customer premises network.
FIG. 4 illustrates the system of FIG. 1 in combination with a DSL access network and a customer premises network.
FIG. 5 illustrates multicast data flow from a headend to a set-top box. FIG. 6 illustrates a unicast data flow from a headend to a set-top box.
FIG. 7 illustrates buffer occupancy levels and corresponding data flow rates.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The embodiments of the invention can be understood in the context of a
broadband communications system. Note, however, that the invention may be embodied
in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set
forth herein. For example, transmitted broadband signals may include at least one of
video/audio, telephony, data, or Internet Protocol (IP) signals, to name but a few. All examples given herein, therefore, are intended to be non-limiting and are provided in order to help clarify the description of the invention.
Set-top boxes tune to data streams coming from the HE 130 in a broadcast
network which could be composed of fiber, hybrid fiber/coax, or xDSL. These broadcast
networks are described in copending U.S. patent application 11/164,102, entitled "Quality of Service Management in a Switched Digital Video Environment", U.S. patent application 11/164,110, entitled "Channel Changes Between Services with Differing
Bandwidth in a Switched Digital Video System", U.S. patent application 11/164,115,
entitled "Atomic Channel Changes in a Switched Digital Video System", and U.S. patent
application 11/164,119, entitled "Bandwidth Management in Each Network Device in a Switched Digital Video Environment", all filed November 10, 2005, the disclosures and
teachings of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
An MPEG buffer, or decoder buffer, in the set-top box must completely fill with the incoming data stream before starting to decode and display images or underflow will occur. The incoming data stream can be in numerous formats, such as MPEG2, MPEG4,
VCl, audio formats, or any other format known to those skilled in the art.
FIG. 2 illustrates the satellite broadcast system 100 of FIG. 1 in combination with
a fiber access network 200 and a customer premises network 280. Encoders 210 and video servers 220 are the data sources that feed a broadcast network 230 of the satellite
broadcast system 100. Video servers 240 and encoders 250 located at the HE 130 are
used to insert local programming. The HE 130 of the satellite broadcast system 100
receives signals from multiple sources, conditions them and prepares them for
transmission over the access network 200. Once signals have been prepared for
transmission from the HE 130, they are combined onto the access network media. In a
fiber access network 200 an optical line terminal (OLT) 260 transmits downstream to
optical network terminals (ONT) 270 which are located outside the customer premises network 280. The OLT 260 is responsible for allocating necessary upstream bandwidths to the ONTs 270 by issuing data grants in an appropriate manner. Inside the customer
premises network 280, the signals can be split and combined using a router 282, or other
device, and then fed to various devices, such as one or more set-top boxes (STBs) 284 or personal computers (PCs) 286.
FIG. 3 illustrates the satellite broadcast system 100 of FICr. 1 in combination with
a hybrid fiber/coax (HFC) access network 300 and the customer premises network 280.
The components used for the HFC access network 300 are similar to those used for the
fiber access network 200. However, instead of the OLT 260 and the ONT 270, the hybrid fiber/coax network 300 uses an edge modulator 310. Inside the cvistomer premises network 280, the signal is received by a cable modem 320 and sent to various devices, such as one or more STBs, also known as home communication terminals, 284 or PCs
286. RF STBs may interface to the HFC access network 300 directly using internal modems.
FIG. 4 illustrates the satellite broadcast system 100 of FIG. 1 in combination with
a DSL access network 400 and the customer premises network 280. The components
used for the DSL access network 400 are similar to those used in the fiber access network 200 and the HFC access network 300 except for the edge devices. Instead of the OLT
260 and the ONT 270 or the modulator 310, the DSL access network 400 has a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM) 410 that links numerous users to a single
high-speed ATM line. Inside the customer premises network 280, the signal is received by a local network 420 possibly containing a modem and bridge router. The signal is split there and fed to various devices, such as one or more STBs 284 or PCs 286.
FIG. 5 illustrates multicast data flow, which is the simultaneous delivery of
information to a group of devices, from the HE 130. The STB 284 requests a signal and the HE 130 sends the multicast data flow over an edge device 510 to the STB 284. The STB 284 tunes to the multicast video stream and a decoder/dejitteir buffer 520 in the STB 284 fills with packets directly from the multicast video stream. The data stream is typically entering the buffer 520 at a natural stream rate. However, when a key frame, such as an I frame, is received and the buffer 520 is partially full, the decoder may start to output the data at a rate lower than the natural stream rate. This allows the buffer to continue filling while images are displayed to the user. Because data is output from the buffer 520 before the buffer is full, the user experiences faster channel changes or
alterations without experiencing buffer underflow.
Once the buffer 520 is full, the output rate will increase to the natural stream rate. For example, if a video stream is entering the buffer 520 at a natural stream rate of three megabytes per second, the output rate from the decoder will be less, such as 2.5 megabytes per second. This gives the buffer 520 time to fill completely, but also allows the user to receive the requested data before the buffer 520 is full. Once the buffer 520 is completely full, the output rate from the decoder will increase to the natural stream rate which in this case is three megabytes per second.
FIG. 6 illustrates a unicast data flow, which is a single stream of data, from the HE 130 to the STB 284. This unicast flow may be a flow destined only to this STB 284,
for instance VOD. This unicast flow may also be a flow associated with quickly filling
buffer 520 prior to tuning to a multicast flow. The STB 284 requests a signal and the HE
130 sends out the unicast data flow over the edge device 510. The STB 284 tunes to the
unicast video stream, and the decoder buffer 520 in the STB 284 fills with packets
directly from the unicast video stream. Because the input into the buffer 520 of FIG. 6 is
a unicast data flow, the input rate into the STB 284 may be faster than or equal to the
natural rate. When a key frame, such as an I frame, is received and the buffer 520 is
partially full, the decoder may start to output the data at a rate lower than the natural stream rate. After a period of time or a set buffer occupancy level, the STB 284 may switch from the unicast data flow to a multicast data flow. The buffer 520 will continue
to fill and, once full, the decoder will then decode at the natural stream rate.
FIG. 7 illustrates buffer occupancy levels and corresponding data flow rates. For purposes of this illustration, buffer occupancy increases from the left side of the buffer 520 to the right side of the buffer 520. Therefore, the varying output data flow from the buffer 520 is illustrated in conjunction with the varying occupancy level of the buffer
520. The data stream, whether a multicast or unicast stream, is input to the buffer 520 at
a natural stream rate or a rate faster than the natural stream rate, for example Rate A.
When a first occupancy level is reached in the buffer, the decoder begins decoding the data and outputting the data at a rate lower than the natural stream rate, such as Rate B.
At a second occupancy level, the data stream could change from a unicast stream to a
multicast stream, remain a unicast stream, or remain a multicast siream. When the buffer
520 has filled, the decoded data output rate increases from Rate B to Rate C. Rate C could be equal to Rate A or the natural stream rate.
For example, the STB 284 can request a unicast data stream from the HE 130. The unicast data stream is sent at Rate A, a natural data rate of six megabytes per second,
to the buffer 520 in the STB 284. Once the buffer 520 has begun to fill and reached a key frame, a first occupancy level has been reached. The buffer 520 begins to output data to the decoder at Rate B, which is four megabytes per second. When the buffer 520 has reached a second occupancy level, the STB 284 requests that the data flow from the HE 130 become a multicast data flow, which allows more information to be sent from the HE
130 to the STB 284. Once the buffer 520 is substantially full, a third occupancy level has been reached. The data output rate is increased to Rate C, which is equal to Rate A, the natural data rate.
It should be emphasized that the above-described embodiments of the invention are merely possible examples, among others, of the implementations, setting forth a clear understanding of the principles of the invention. Many variations and modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments of the invention without departing substantially from the principles of the invention. AU such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of the disclosure and invention and protected by the following claims. In addition, the scope of the invention includes embodying the functionality of the embodiments of the invention in logic embodied in hardware and/or software-configured mediums.
Claims
1. A method for buffering digital signals, the method comprising the steps of: reading data into a buffer at a first data rate; obtaining a first occupancy level in said buffer; outputting data from said buffer at a second data rate, wherein said second data rate is less than said first data rate; obtaining a second occupancy level in said buffer; and outputting data from said buffer at a third data rate wherein said third data rate is greater than said second data rate.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said third data rate is equal to said first data rate.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first data rate is a natural rate.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step of obtaining said second occupancy level comprises the step of allowing said buffer to fill.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step of obtaining said second occupancy level comprises the step of obtaining a full buffer.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of a channel alteration occurring prior to said buffer being full.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising the step of a channel alteration as a result of outputting data from said buffer at said second data rate.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of a channel alteration occurring prior to obtaining said second occupancy level.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of a home communications
terminal tuning to a multicast data stream and said buffer reading from said multicast data stream.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of reading a key frame into said buffer prior to outputting data from said buffer at said second data rate.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of a home communications terminal tuning to a unicast data stream and said buffer reading from said unicast data stream.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising the steps of closing said unicast data stream upon reaching a second occupancy level of said buffer and tuning to a multicast data stream to be read into said buffer.
13. A method for buffering digital signals, the method comprising the steps of: tuning to a unicast data stream; reading said unicast data stream into a buffer at a first data rate; obtaining a first occupancy level in said buffer; outputting data from said buffer at a second data rate, wherein said second data rate is less than said first data rate; obtaining a second occupancy level in said buffer, wherein said second occupancy level is greater than said first occupancy level; closing said unicast data stream; tuning to a multicast data stream; reading said multicast data stream into said buffer; obtaining a third occupancy level in said buffer; wherein said third occupancy level is greater than said second occupancy level; and outputting data from said buffer at a third data rate wherein said third data rate is greater than said second data rate.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein said third occupancy level is substantially full.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein said third data rate is equal to said first data rate.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein said first data rate is a natural rate.
17. The method of claim 13, further comprising the step of a channel alteration occurring prior to said buffer being full.
18. The method of claim 17, further comprising the step of a channel alteration as a result of outputting data from said buffer at said second data rate.
19. The method of claim 13, further comprising the step of a channel alteration occurring prior to obtaining said third occupancy level.
20. The method of claim 13, further comprising the step of reading a key frame into said buffer prior to outputting data from said buffer at said second data rate.
21. A decoder buffer for receiving digital signals at a first data rate to obtain a first occupancy level, outputting said data at a second data rate which is less than said first data rate, and obtaining a second occupancy level wherein said second occupancy level is greater than said first occupancy level in order to output said data at a third data rate that is greater than said second data rate.
22. The decoder buffer of claim 21 , wherein said third data rate is equal to said first data rate.
23. The decoder buffer of claim 21 , wherein said first data rate is a natural rate.
24. The decoder buffer of claim 21, wherein said second occupancy level is a full buffer.
25. The decoder buffer of claim 21 , wherein channel alterations may occur prior to said buffer being full.
26. The decoder buffer of claim 21 , wherein said data stream is a multicast data stream.
27. The decoder buffer of claim 21 , wherein said data stream is a unicast data stream.
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DE602006013024D1 (en) | 2010-04-29 |
EP1946501B1 (en) | 2010-03-17 |
US20070130393A1 (en) | 2007-06-07 |
EP1946501A2 (en) | 2008-07-23 |
WO2007120261A3 (en) | 2007-12-21 |
CA2629320C (en) | 2014-04-29 |
US7873760B2 (en) | 2011-01-18 |
CA2629320A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
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