WO2007138141A1

WO2007138141A1 - Construction system, procedure for shaping it, and structural section for a construction system.

Info

Publication number: WO2007138141A1
Application number: PCT/ES2007/000317
Authority: WO
Inventors: Sylvia Felipe Marzal; Jordi Truco Calbet
Original assignee: Sylvia Felipe Marzal; Jordi Truco Calbet
Priority date: 2006-05-31
Filing date: 2007-05-29
Publication date: 2007-12-06
Also published as: ES2286956A1; ES2286956B1

Abstract

The aim is to provide a construction system for the construction of roofs, facades or structural members based on a type of structural profile which makes it possible to construct free shapes (curves in two or three dimensions not restricted to pure domes or arches) which can be standardized at the time of manufacture. The said section will have the ability to be curved and will therefore have a multiplicity of shapes. The method for this subsequent shaping, both during installation on site and in possible reconfigurations of the shape of the already built structure, is mainly based on the elastic properties of the material forming its flanges and the ability to change the elongation of the connecting elements between the flanges of the section.

Description

Construction system, procedure for putting it in shape, and structural profile for a construction system.

The invention falls within the technical sector of construction, more specifically in what relates to the construction of self-supporting structures for construction with the capacity to adopt different forms; It is a structural construction system based on a standardized profile with structural capacity and for the change of shape that allows the construction of geometrically complex curved shapes based on

The elastic deformation capacity of the materials that make up the wings of said profile and the change in elongation of its connecting elements.

In the current state of the art, within the production of structural systems for construction, systems that work from more or less standardized elements that allow their serial production in the factory have special relevance. This allows the reduction of costs in terms of commissioning, as well as detail and project specification. Many of these structural systems have to do with the preparation of prefabricated elements based on materials considered rigid (reinforced concrete or steel) that are assembled on site in one way or another on site. The geometric possibilities of these methods are restricted to those derived from their assembly. In these cases, generally the spectrum of possibility of forms to be built depends on the design of parts and / or special joints, and / or the design of mechanical joints between the elements that make the production more expensive and can cause maintenance problems. A self-supporting structural system of much less impact at the level of the commercialization of its use is the "grid shell" (shell structure based on a grill). This method introduces the possibility of making curved surfaces whenever the final geometry ends up behaving globally as an arc or dome. It is a bar grill with capacity for elastic deformation that intersects with each other without interruption and that are joined at these crossings by means of scissor-type joints. The grid is tensioned globally and thus becomes fit from its flat position at the time of the execution of the work. Thus, this method has the characteristic that allows the construction of curved shapes thanks to the elasticity of the material used on the one hand, and on the other to the different angular deformation between the bars of the grid. The problem of this system is that: 1- Structurally, the finished artifact or building behaves like a membrane, that is: - Its structural capacity lies almost exclusively in the overall geometric shape of the structure, since it does not have enough inertia in its section and therefore has hardly any flexural strength. In other words, the range of curved surfaces that can be constructed with the "grid shell" is limited to the construction of pure domes.

- It behaves structurally well when subjected to uniformly distributed loads but has resistance problems to point or non-uniformly distributed loads (such as snow or wind loads).

2 - The final formal result of the "grid shell" is based on a global action on the grid (the forces to put the system in shape are applied to all of its members-profiles globally and continuously). This means that the curves generated by the system must also be global and continuous, so that the grid shell cannot have concavities and convexities on the same surface. This limits the formal capacity of this system.

The objective of the present invention is to have a self-supporting structural construction system with the capacity to adopt different shapes and also the capacity for local flexural strength, which allows the construction of free shapes (curves in two and three dimensions not restricted to domes or pure arches) and that at the time of its production can be standardized. It would be desirable that said standardization does not, in order to allow the required formal variability, the need for complex or mechanical joints that could generate costs such as those mentioned above. For this, the present invention focuses on the possibility of producing a standardized structural profile - as a basic component of the self-supporting structural system - with the ability to bend and therefore adopt multiple forms. The method for this later formal adaptation, both during the commissioning and in possible formal reconfigurations of the structure already built, is mainly based on the elastic properties of the material that forms its wings and on the ability to change the elongation of the elements of connection between the wings of the profile (elements "connectors-actuators" described below). The structural profile has the capacity for local flexural strength and the ability to absorb sign changes in the moment diagram along the same structural profile. These characteristics are important because they allow the system to be able to reproduce free forms, that is, to have concavities and convexities along the same profile or the same surface (in the case of the system as a whole). According to a first aspect, the invention relates to a construction system, which comprises a plurality of structural profiles, characterized in that at least some of the profiles comprise at least one intermediate strip or wing disposed between two strips or extreme wings, all of them of a material with elastic behavior, the three strips of the profile being linked to each other at intervals at some connection points by means of connection elements such that in the first connection points of the profile the intermediate wing is maintained more separated from a first extreme wing than from a second extreme wing, and in a few second connection points of the profile the intermediate wing is kept more separated from the second extreme wing than from the first extreme wing.

In one embodiment, the connection elements are suitable for supporting compressive loads.

In one embodiment, the distance between the intermediate wing and the second extreme wing at the first connection points of the profile, and the distance between the intermediate wing and the first extreme wing at the second connection points of the profile are the minimum required by the geometry of the wings and the connection elements present.

In one embodiment, the first connection points and the second connection points are alternated along the profile.

In one embodiment, at least some of the connecting elements comprise actuator connectors that can adopt different lengths between a maximum length and a minimum length, so that at least some connection points the separation between the intermediate wing and one of the Extreme wings is adjustable.

The connectors can thus modify the distance between the connecting wings, and therefore the radius of curvature in the section of the profile where they act. Thanks to the possibility of elastic deformation of the wings and through the change of length of each element "connector-actuator" with respect to its two immediately neighbors, the same structural profile can acquire a multiplicity of radii of curvature, both in each length and length. of its length, as in the same section over time. In one embodiment, at least some of said actuator connectors have an associated drive element; preferably the drive elements have connection means to a control system.

In one embodiment, at least some of the connection elements are interchangeable and are selected from a set of connectors of different lengths.

Thus, the elements are interchangeable in the profile depending on the length of the connector-actuator element that is required to achieve a certain radius of curvature in the section of the profile in question.

In one embodiment, the strips or wings of each profile are continuous.

In one embodiment, the system comprises a first set of profiles that extend in a first direction, and a second set of profiles that extend in a second direction different from the first direction, the profiles of the first set being linked with the profiles of the second set in a plurality of points, so that they form a grid or grid-like structure.

In one embodiment, the two sets of profiles are linked at least some connection points of the profiles.

Preferably, the linkage between the profiles of the two assemblies is a scissor type joint, so that the reticular structure is foldable and deployable.

In one embodiment, the system comprises means for fixing the profiles with respect to each other.

In one embodiment, the system for the construction of roofs, facades and slabs, based on standardized structural profiles that allow their production in series, which once produced have the ability to be manipulated to adopt multiplicity of non-predetermined curved shapes, depending on of the geometry to be constructed required and possible modifications of form required once the device has been constructed; It is characterized in that the structural profile contains at least three continuous strips or wings of a material with high capacity for elastic behavior that are connected promptly, at intervals, repeated number of times throughout the entire profile, of so that it is not possible for one strip to slide over the other; because each point connection between the three strips contains a "connector-actuator" element that gives the inertia profile by keeping two adjacent wings separated from the existing three and which can acquire different lengths within its maximum and minimum length; and because the position of the first and second connections between the three wings along the profile alternates in an orderly manner, so that in the first connections the "connector-actuator" element is located between the intermediate wing and the first extreme wing causing a separation between them, the distance between the intermediate wing and the second negligible extreme wing being and depending on the thickness of the connecting element between them or other elements necessary for the general configuration of the structural system when joining several profiles, and in the second connections the "connector-actuator" element is located between the second end wing and the intermediate wing causing a separation between them, the distance between the intermediate wing and the first negligible end wing being and depending on the thickness of the connecting element between them or other elements necessary for the general configuration of the structural system when joining several profiles.

In accordance with a second aspect, the invention relates to a method for putting in the form of a structural system in accordance with the first aspect of the invention, characterized by the fact that it comprises at least the steps of: - determining the curvature desired locally, in at least some sections of the profiles;

- detecting the required separation between the intermediate wing and the first or second extreme wings, at least some connection points, to obtain said curvature; Y

- fix said required separation between the wings, at the different connection points.

In one embodiment, the step of determining the required separation between the intermediate wing and the first or second extreme wings to obtain a desired curvature is based on an equalization table that relates a series of distances between wings with the radii of curvature that said distances cause in a section of the profile.

The equalization table can be structured by determining the radius of curvature adopted by the profile for each distance between wings of a connection point by setting the distance between wings of its two adjacent connection points.

In one embodiment, at least the stage of fixing the required separation at the different connection points is carried out by means of a control system, said system being connected to at least one drive element, each drive element being associated with at least one connection element of the connector-actuator type.

In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of fixing the system after being put in shape; This step of fixing the system can be carried out by at least one of the methods of triangulation of the system, blocking of scissor joints of the system, or fixing of the edges of the system.

Optionally, said steps are repeated to modify the shape of the system after its initial setting.

In one embodiment, it is possible to reproduce the shape of the desired structure according to the project, by means of the following steps, applied to a profile whose distances between connection points of the same type are equal and which is provided with connectors-actuators in at least some points of Connection:

- the equalization table is determined between the distances modified by the connector-actuator elements, and the radii of curvature that said distances cause in each section of the profile;

- for at least one direction of coordinates, the sections of the projected form of the surface to be reproduced are extracted, at intervals between said sections

Same as the distance between connection points of the same type as the structural profile to be used;

- the radii of curvature in each extracted section are determined;

- for each radius of curvature, the distance needed in each connector-actuator element along each profile is assigned according to a table of equalizations;

- in accordance with the determination of the previous step, the distances of the connector-actuator elements in the profiles that form the system are modified, thus automatically modifying the shape of the structure until resembling that previously projected; and - once the structural system is already shaped according to the required geometry, the system is set to eliminate the possibility of folding and activate its structural capacity.

In accordance with a third aspect, the invention relates to a structural profile, characterized in that it comprises at least one intermediate strip or wing disposed between two strips or extreme wings, all of them of a material with behavior elastic, the three strips of the profile being linked to each other at intervals at some connection points by means of connecting elements, so that in a first connection points of the profile the intermediate wing is kept more separated from a first extreme wing than from a second extreme wing, and in a few second connection points of the profile the intermediate wing is kept more separated from the second extreme wing than from the first extreme wing.

Some of the advantages of embodiments of the present invention are listed below: - One of the most important advantages is that it bases its behavior on the elastic capacity of the material that forms the wings of the profiles. In other words, the change in profile curvature occurs without interrupting its continuity. This has innumerable advantages such as:

1. Simplifies and makes its production and commissioning cheaper 2. Improves its maintenance over time

3. Multiply the freedom in formal capacity since unions do not have to be designed for each type of movement required and therefore do not have to predetermine the desired movements. - Allows the construction of complex curved geometries not predetermined at the time of profile production. Formal control is carried out locally along each section of the profile and this allows us to create convexities and concavities of curvatures as well as changes in the radii of curvature within the same profile and the surface generated by the system. - Ability to absorb sign changes in the moment diagram along the same structural profile and the structural system that make up those profiles.

- The geometry of the profile - the distance between its wings - makes it have inertia and therefore this alone, and also in its grid configuration - the system -, has resistance to bending and good behavior to loads not uniformly distributed or punctual .

1. This allows curves and surfaces do not need, from a structural point of view, to behave like arches or pure domes. This structural capacity greatly amplifies the formal capacity of the whole. The shape built can have concavities, convexities, flat areas, ... It even allows the construction of cantilevers. 2. It gives better guarantees of stability and resistance to the device built in question, with all that this entails. - Throughout the profile we can vary independently the length of each element "connector-actuator" -as many as the profile and structural system contains-. This possibility of local and parametric control - by means of an equalization table - of the curvature (figs 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) simplifies the control of the desired shape of the profile. - At the same time, said possibility of parametric and local curvature control means that it is not only possible to put it into shape during the construction of the device, but also to modify the shape of the device once it has been constructed, being able to adapt it to different spatial requirements.

- The system when configured using scissor type joints can be folded and deployed for transport purposes etc.

Other advantages of the invention result from the description and the drawing. Likewise, the aforementioned characteristics and the characteristics still to be related according to the invention find employment by themselves or several in any combination. The described embodiment should not be understood as a final relationship, but rather with an exemplary nature for the description of the invention.

The figures show: figures 1a, 1b, 1c: elevation, plan and section views, respectively, of a profile according to an embodiment of the invention; Figures 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d: examples of possible realizable curvatures with the profile of Figures 1 a, 1b, 1c; Figure 3a: axonometric view of a structural system according to an embodiment of

The invention, formed by two sets of profiles linked together; Figures 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e: axonometric views of the course of the movement of the system of Figure 3a, from a state collected to an extended one; and figure 4: view of a system according to figure 3a, provided with actuator elements connected to a control system.

Embodiments of the invention will be described below, by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the figures. Specifically, as seen in Figures 1a, 1b and 1c, the profile (8) is composed of at least three continuous strips or wings (1a, 1b, 1c) of a material with a high capacity for elastic behavior. This minimum of three strips (1a, 1b, 1c) are connected promptly, at intervals, repeated number of times along the entire profile, so that it is not possible for one strip to slide over the other. Each point connection (5, 6) between the three strips contains a "connector-actuator" element (5b or 6b) that can be capable of working under compression and that gives the inertia profile by keeping 2 adjacent wings of the three existing and that it can acquire different lengths within its maximum and minimum length. The connections between the three wings (1a, 1b, 1c) are of type 5 and type 6 and their position along the profile alternates in an orderly manner.

In type 5 connections, the "connector-actuator" element (5b) is located between the second (1b) and the third wing (1c) causing a separation (L) between them. The distance between the first (1a) and the second wing (1b) is negligible and depends on the thickness of the connecting element between them (5a) or other elements necessary for the general configuration of the structural system when joining several profiles.

In the connections type 6 the element "connector-actuator" (6b) is located between the first (1a) and the second wing (1b) causing a separation (L) between them. The distance between the second (1b) and the third wing (1c) is negligible and depends on the thickness of the connecting element between them (6a) or other elements necessary for the general configuration of the structural system when joining several profiles.

The alternation described in the position of the elements "connectors-actuators" (5b and 6b) in the sequence of the point connections along the profile (8), together with the high capacity of elastic deformation of the wings (1a, 1b , 1c) of the profile that allows these deformed without plasticizing, causes the wavy silhouette of the wings in longitudinal elevation of the profile.

Figure 1a shows in side elevation the structural profile (8) in a flat position, since, being equal the distances between connections (5, 6), all the elements "connectors-actuators" (5b, 6b) that make it up They are in the same position in terms of length (L). The material that forms its wings (1a, 1b, 1 c) has the capacity for elastic deformation and the elements "connectors-actuators" (5b, 6b) have the necessary resistant capacity to modify their effective length (L), also modify the required amount of deformation in each section of the wings for each formal profile configuration, (in this case keep it in its formal flat configuration). In general, when a continuous profile is curved, the contraction of one wing and the compression of the other occurs.

In the case of the present invention, the procedure for changing the curvature of the profile is achieved locally, in each section between connection and connection (5, 6), modifying the length of each element "connector-actuator" (5b or 6b) with respect to to his immediate neighbors (6b or 5b respectively). Each difference between the length of a "connector-actuator" element (5b, 6b) and the length of its immediately neighbors causes a different radius of curvature in the section of the profile (8) in question. The "connector-actuator" elements (5b, 6b) can acquire different lengths within their maximum and minimum length; This means that the same profile can acquire multiplicity of radii of curvature, both along its length and in the same section over time.

Thus, it is possible to determine an equalization table between the vertical distances (L) between the wings - for example La, Lb, Lc, Ld - modified by the elements "connectors-actuators" (5b, 6b) and the radii of curvature that these distances cause in each section of the profile (8).

For example, one way of structuring said equalization table would be to determine the radius of curvature (R) adopted by the profile (8) for each distance (L) of the "connector-actuator" element (for example 5b) - so many distance entries (L) as precision in the reproduction of curvatures is required; (for example La, Lb, Lc and Ld) - fixing the distance L of its two immediately connected "actuator-connectors" elements (6b) (6b, 5b) - for example to La-.

This table will be the information of equalizations between distances (La, Lb, Lc, Ld) and radii (Ra, Rb ₁ Rc, Rd) that will be used to reproduce the desired curvature in the profile (8) and by (or both in e ! set of the structural system (9).

Thus, the procedure for controlling said curvature is greatly simplified by the possibility of parametrizing radii of curvature (R) - for example Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd - by vertical distances (L) - for example La, Lb, Lc, Ld- which are controlled by said "connector-actuator" elements (5b, 6b). In Figures 2a-2d, four examples of possible curvatures can be seen by the structural profile object of the invention (8).

The examples can be interpreted as the movement of the profile between the possible curvatures realizable with the same profile in the same section, or also as realizable curvatures in the same profile along different sections. In the four examples, the length of the element "connector-actuator" (6b) is the same (La) so that, modifying one of the variables -The length (La, Lb, Lc and Ld) of the element "connector-actuator" (5b) - measure the radius of curvature adopted by the profile (Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd) and be able to establish a matching table that relates Lengths and Radii, which will be used for all those profiles that respond to the same dimensions as those that have been analyzed in the equalization table. Figure 2a shows the flat position of the profile since all the elements "connectors-actuators" (5b, 6b) generate the same distance between wings. Figures 2b-2c show other possible curvatures achievable by the profile (8) in larger to smaller radius gradation as a function of the distance between the wings generated by the "connector-actuator" elements (5b), when said distances agree with the distances caused by the "connectors-actuators" (6b) - which in this case have been fixed to La.

It is understood that it is also possible to reverse the sign of the curve by fixing the length of the "connector-actuator" element (5b) and then modifying the "connector-actuator" elements (6b). As we have said, this allows to create convexities and concavities of curvature in the same profile.

It also follows from these figures, that the manipulation of the profile curvature is performed locally in each section of the profile (8). In other words, the manipulation of the length of each "connector-actuator" element in reference to the lengths of its immediately neighboring "connector-actuator" elements, generates a radius of local curvature in the section of the manipulated profile.

Once the profile (8) and its procedure for putting it in shape are described, it is important to describe the structural system (9): In the preferred embodiment this system is based on a grid based on the profiles described above. In the grill the profiles (8) intersect with each other without interrupting the continuous strips (1a, 1b, 1c) that make them up, and are joined at these crosses by scissor type joints (7) that allow some angular deformation that is necessary so that the grid assumes the changes in the shape of the profiles. In addition, this type of connection allows the folding of the system (Figs. 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) before being put into shape, therefore it is an advantage for the transport of the structure. Once the profiles that make up the system are put in shape by means of the parametric control of its "connector-actuator" elements (5b, 6b) the system must be set to eliminate the possibility of folding and activate its structural capacity one hundred percent. This system fixation can be done in various ways. For example, by means of the triangulation of the system, and / or by blocking the scissor type joints, and / or by fixing it at the edges of the system. Figure 3a shows an axonometric view of a possible portion of the structural system (9) grid type based on the profiles (8) described in previous figures. All the crossings between the different profiles are resolved by means of scissor-type joints (7) that allow the system to be foldable in its flat position, and on the other hand, allow some angular deformation that is necessary for the grid to assume the changes in the form of profiles.

As is evident from the figure, the represented grid is in its flat position since, the distances between connections (5, 6, 7) being equal, all the "connector-actuator" elements (5b, 6b) that make it up are in The same position in terms of length (L).

Figures 3b-3e show four axonometric views of the course of the movement of the structural grid system (9) in its flat configuration, from its collected state to its extended state.

In the preferred embodiment, the structural system (9) based on a grid based on the profiles (8) that intersect with each other without interrupting the continuous strips (1a, 1b, 1c) that make them up, and are they join in these crosses by means of scissor type joints (7), which allow some angular deformation that is necessary for the grid to assume the shape changes of the profiles. In addition, this type of connection allows the folding of the system (Figs. 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) before being put into shape, therefore it is an advantage for the transport of the structure. Once the profiles that make up the system are put in shape by means of the parametric control of its elements "connectors-actuators" (5b, 6b) the system must be set to eliminate the possibility of folding and activate its structural capacity one hundred percent. This system fixation can be done in various ways. For example, by means of the triangulation of the system, and / or by blocking the scissor type joints, and / or by fixing it at the edges of the system.

In a possible cover embodiment, the structure is covered on its upper surface, by means of an elastic and impermeable membrane. It is also possible to cover it on its lower surface with another membrane. The intermediate space can be used for the passage of installations and thermal insulation.

In the case of a possible embodiment of a slab shaped topography, the covering would be made with rigid plates placed as fish scales, that is, so that not all of its sides are connected to the structure but rather Some are loose and overlap in one direction due to the lack of flatness of the topography generated by the structure.

There is the possibility of making the connection of the described technical element (8 or 9) to a control system (10) - computer with software-. In this type of installation, the existing "connector-actuator" elements (5, 6) would incorporate a drive element (11) that would be connected, controlled and activated from this control system -ej. computer with software and transmission hardware- In this set the control system -ej. computer- could perform one or more of the following functions independently, consecutively or alternatively.

1. Calculate the elongation distance of the elements "connectors-actuators" to adopt the radius of curvature required in the construction system. One of the strategies used to perform this calculation for the structural profile described can be to analyze the radius of curvature of the section to be achieved by the software and assign -also through the software- to each section of radius of profile the number (amount ) and elongation of "connectors-actuators" that are required according to the parameters defined in the equalization table explained above and that defines the relationship between the radius achieved by the basic element of the profile by modifying the elongation of a "connector-actuator" with respect to to its two contiguous.

2. Automate the control of the "connectors-actuators" elements by means of the computer connected to them. A transmission system is needed that understands the data of the necessary elongations in the "connectors-actuators" -calculated by any means- and that transmits that data to the elements "connectors-actuators" so that when they are received they are automatically positioned according to The distance required. For this, it may be necessary: -a software that is an interface capable of accepting user commands -on elongation data needed in the connectors entered directly by the user or through reading them from a table in a program file format- and sending them to the "connectors-actuators" of the physical structure in a consistent manner.

-a hardware. An interface between the computer and the activation system controller of the "connector-actuator" element

-a control flrmware. Program resident in the hardware, which will interpret the commands coming from the computer and will conveniently route the commands to the "connector-actuator" elements. 3. detect and receive data from the "connector-actuator" elements existing in the physical structural element. In other words, it would be a method of checking, for example, the state of elongation in which these elements actually installed in the structure are found. It would also allow to know the force that a "connector-actuator" element was carrying out at the instant before being placed in the required position. Thus, if we incorporate this function into the installation, we can carry out a closed loop control system on the actuators, that is, a control system in which the state of the "connector-actuator" element is captured and excited according to this state. . For precise movement control, closed loop control methods must be applied. To get this feedback we are talking about, it is necessary to incorporate a sensor element that will be of one type or another depending on the actuator technology used. For example, in the case of linear actuators with an electric motor, it will be a piece called an encoder, while in the case of a pneumatic actuator, for example, it will be position sensors.

For the "connector-actuator" elements of this type of installation (connected to a control system), there are several types of technologies that can be used. Actuators with electric motors of direct or alternating current of various types, pneumatic, hydraulic actuators, pistons. These actuators can be found in the market or designed so that they adapt in the most convenient way to the functions for which they are required.

The transmission of the information from the control system to the actuators, and therefore the automated actuation of said actuators, can be carried out in a workshop to then transport the already shaped structure to the place where it will be placed; This transmission can also be performed once the structure has been transported to the work, and the transmission can also be made once the structure has been installed. That is to say, this last case could mean that the structure, once installed in its final location, could change shape depending on the functional requirements of the structure, (for example, requirements of spatial, functional, solar orientation, use energy, etc)

This type of structure, already in the installation previously mentioned in which there is the connection of the actuator elements to a control system, as in which there is no such connection, can be used as a formwork structure of curved surfaces. Already either to make recoverable formwork of variable geometry throughout the life of the same structure, as to make recoverable formwork or not, with a single fixed geometry but with the one that can be produced by standardized elements, and then assembled so that we can have a formwork structure to form a more or less complex curved geometry.

Claims

1. Construction system, comprising a plurality of structural profiles (8), characterized in that at least some of the profiles (8) comprise at least one intermediate strip or wing (1b) disposed between two strips or extreme wings (1a, 1c), all of them of a material with elastic behavior, the three strips of the profile (8) being linked to each other at intervals at some connection points (5, 6) by means of connection elements (5b, 6b) of such so that in some first connection points (5) of the profile (8) the intermediate wing (1b) is kept more separated from a first extreme wing (1c) than from a second extreme wing (1a), and in a few second points of connection (6) of the profile (8) the intermediate wing (1 b) is kept more separated from the second extreme wing (1a) than from the first extreme wing (1c).

2. System according to claim 1 characterized in that the connecting elements are suitable for supporting compressive loads.

3. System according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the distance between the intermediate wing (1b) and the second end wing (1a) at the first connection points (5) of the profile (8), and Ia distance between the intermediate wing (1b) and the first extreme wing (1c) at the second connection points (6) of the profile (8) are the minimum required by the geometry of the wings and the connection elements present.

System according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first connection points (5) and the second connection points (6) are alternated along the profile (8).

System according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least some of the connecting elements comprise actuator connectors (5b, 6b) that can adopt different lengths between a maximum length and a minimum length, of so that at least some connection points the separation between the intermediate wing (1b) and one of the extreme wings (1 a, 1c) is adjustable.

6. System according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least some of said actuator connectors (5b, 6b) have an associated drive element (11).

7. System according to claim 6, characterized in that the drive elements (11) have connection means to a control system (10).

System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least some of the connecting elements are interchangeable and are selected from a set of connectors of different lengths.

9. System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the strips or wings (1a, 1b, 1c) of each profile (8) are continuous.

System according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises a first set of profiles (8) that extend in a first direction, and a second set of profiles (8) that extend in a second direction different from the first direction, the profiles (8) of the first set being linked to the profiles (8) of the second set in a plurality of points, so that they form a grid or grid-like structure.

11. System according to claim 10, characterized in that the two sets of profiles are linked at least some connection points of the profiles (8).

12. System according to any one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the linkage between the profiles (8) of the two assemblies is a scissor type joint (7), so that the reticular structure is foldable and drop down

13. System according to claim 12, characterized in that it comprises means for fixing the profiles (8) with respect to each other.

14. System according to claim 1 or 2, for the construction of roofs, facades and slabs, based on standardized structural profiles that allow their production in series, which once produced have the ability to be manipulated to adopt multiplicity of curved shapes. predetermined, depending on the geometry to be constructed required and possible modifications of form required once the artifact has been constructed; characterized in that the structural profile (8) contains at least three continuous strips or wings (1a, 1b, 1c) of a material with high capacity for elastic behavior that are connected promptly (5, 6), at intervals, repeated number of times a Io along the entire profile, so that it is not possible for one strip to slide over the other; because each point connection (5, 6) between the three strips contains a "connector-actuator" element (5b or 6b) that gives the inertia profile by keeping two adjacent wings separated from the existing three and that can acquire different lengths within its maximum and minimum length; and because the position of the first and second connections (5 and 6) between the three wings (1a, 1b, 1c) along the profile (8) alternates in an orderly manner, so that in the first connections (5) the element "connector-actuator" (5b) is located between the intermediate wing (1b) and the first extreme wing (1c) causing a separation (L) between them, the distance between the intermediate wing (1b) and the second extreme wing ( 1a) negligible and depending on the thickness of the connecting element between them (5a) or other elements necessary for the general configuration of the structural system when joining several profiles, and in the second connections (6) the element "connector-actuator" (6b ) is located between the second extreme wing (1a) and the intermediate wing (1b) causing a separation (L) between them, the distance between the intermediate wing (1b) and the first extreme wing (1c) being negligible and depending on the thickness of the connecting element between them (6a) or other necessary elements for to the general configuration of the structural system by joining several profiles.

15. Procedure for putting in the form of a structural system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least the steps of:

- determine the desired curvature locally, in at least some sections of the profiles;

16. Method according to claim 15, characterized in that the step of determining the required separation between the intermediate wing and the first or second extreme wings to obtain a desired curvature is based on an equalization table that relates a series of distances between wings (L _a , L _b , L ₀ , L _d ) with the radii of curvature (R _a , Rb, Ro R _d ) that these distances cause in a section of the profile.

17. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that the equalization table is structured by determining the radius of curvature adopted by the profile for each distance between wings (L _a , L _b , L ₀ , L _d ) of a connection point by fixing the distance between wings (L ₃ ) of its two adjacent connection points.

18. Method according to any one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that at least the stage of fixing the required separation at the different connection points is carried out by means of a control system (10), said system being connected to the least one drive element (11), each drive element being associated with at least one connection element of the connector-actuator type (5b, 6b).

19. Method according to any one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that it further comprises the step of fixing the system after it is put in shape.

20. Method according to claim 19, characterized in that the step of fixing the system is carried out by at least one of the methods of triangulation of the system, blocking of scissor joints of the system, or fixing the edges of the system. system.

21. Method according to claim 15, characterized in that said steps are repeated to modify the shape of the system after its initial initialization.

22. Method according to claim 15, characterized in that it is possible to reproduce the shape of the desired structure according to the project, by the following steps, applied to a profile whose distances between connection points of the same type (5 and 6) are same and that is equipped with connectors-actuators (5b, 6b) in at least some connection points (5, 6):

- the equalization table is determined between the distances (L) modified by the connector-actuator elements (5b, 6b), and the radii of curvature that said distances cause in each section of the profile;

- for at least one direction of coordinates, the sections of the projected shape of the surface to be reproduced are extracted, at intervals between said sections equal to the distance between connection points of the same type (5 and 6) having the structural profile to use; - the radii of curvature in each extracted section are determined; for each radius of curvature, the distance (L) required in each connector-actuator element (5b, 6b) along each profile is assigned according to a table of equalizations; according to the determination of the previous step, the distances of the connector-actuator elements (5b, 6b) in the profiles that form the system (9) are modified, thus automatically modifying the shape of the structure until resembling that previously projected; and once the structural system is already shaped according to the required geometry, the system is set to eliminate the possibility of folding and activate its structural capacity.

23. Structural profile (8), characterized by the fact that it comprises at least one intermediate strip or wing (1 b) disposed between two strips or extreme wings (1 a, 1c), all of them of a material with elastic behavior, the three strips of the profile (8) being linked to each other at intervals at some connection points (5, 6) by means of connection elements (5b, 6b), so that at the first connection points (5) of the profile (8 ) the intermediate wing (1b) is kept more separated from a first extreme wing (1c) than from a second extreme wing (1a), and in a second connection points (6) of the profile (8) the intermediate wing (1 b ) is kept more separated from the second extreme wing (1a) than from the first extreme wing (1 c).