WO2008005346A2 - Device for measuring moisture in overlays (like hair) of a microstrip directional coupler - Google Patents
Device for measuring moisture in overlays (like hair) of a microstrip directional coupler Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008005346A2 WO2008005346A2 PCT/US2007/015157 US2007015157W WO2008005346A2 WO 2008005346 A2 WO2008005346 A2 WO 2008005346A2 US 2007015157 W US2007015157 W US 2007015157W WO 2008005346 A2 WO2008005346 A2 WO 2008005346A2
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- hair
- strip
- sensor
- directional coupler
- substrate
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
- G01N22/04—Investigating moisture content
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to measurement sensors and, more particularly, to a sensor for measuring a property of a substrate, such as the internal and external moisture content of biological systems such as hair.
- Moisture sensing devices have been developed in the past to determine the moisture level in substrates, and have relied on various techniques including resistance and capacitance measurements to obtain the desired indication.
- these methods only work well for a known cross sectional quantity and density of the substrate being measured. As the substrate density or compactness is varied, these measurement techniques fail. Additionally, these techniques rely primarily on the moisture content outside of the substrate fiber for the measurement, and do not have the ability to accurately measure moisture content within substrate fibers as well.
- the present invention overcomes the foregoing and other shortcomings and drawbacks of moisture sensors and methods of determining moisture content heretofore known. While the invention will be described in connection with certain embodiments, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to these embodiments. On the contrary, the invention includes all alternatives, modifications and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
- One embodiment comprises a sensor for measuring moisture content of a substrate, comprising: a coplanar waveguide; a directional coupler having a pair of generally parallel first and second strips defining a coupling gap therebetween; and a high frequency signal generator electrically coupled to said first strip and operable to couple power to said second strip with the substrate placed across said coupling gap to thereby generate a coupled power signal in said second strip having an amplitude related to moisture content of the substrate.
- Another embodiment of the present invention comprises a sensor for measuring moisture content of a substrate, comprising: a directional coupler having a pair of generally parallel first and second strips defining a coupling gap therebetween; and a high frequency signal generator electrically coupled to said first strip and operable to couple power to said second strip with the hair placed across said coupling gap to thereby generate a coupled power signal in said second strip having an amplitude related to health of the hair, wherein said second strip comprises an AC/DC detector which is operable to generate an output voltage signal having a value related to moisture content of the substrate.
- Fig. l is a functional block diagram of a directional coupler sensor in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
- Fig. 2A includes Figs. 2A- 1, 2A-2, and 2A-3, and is a circuit representation of a directional coupler sensor in accordance with the principles of the present invention
- Fig. 2B is a circuit representation of a directional coupler for use in the sensor of Fig. 1 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 2C includes Figs 2C-1 and 2C-2, and is a circuit representation of a moisture content detector for use in the sensor of Fig. 1 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 2D is a circuit representation of the top layer of the PCB layout
- Fig. 2E is a circuit representation of the middle layer of the PCB layout (Ground Plane);
- Fig. 2F is a circuit representation of the bottom layer of the PCB layout;
- Fig. 2G is a block representation of the directional coupler sensor configuration;
- Fig 3 A is a top plane view of the sensor of Fig 1 shown integrated onto a printed circuit board;
- Fig. 3B is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 3A;
- Fig. 4A is a perspective view of a directional coupler sensor system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 4B is an enlarged front elevational view of a hair clamping device for use in the sensor system of Fig. 4A, illustrating the clamping device in an open position to receive hair in the device;
- Fig. 4C is a view similar to Fig. 4B, illustrating the clamping device in a closed position to clamp hair in the device.
- the present system for measuring moisture in and on a substrate comprises a sensor for measuring moisture which is connected to a circuit by a coplanar waveguide.
- a directional coupler sensor 1 is shown in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
- the sensor 1 will be described herein in connection with measuring the moisture content of hair.
- the present invention has use in a wide variety of applications and is therefore not limited to the analysis of hair or the measurement of moisture content in a substrate.
- the sensor 1 of the present invention is readily adaptable to analyze a wide variety of substrates and to measure different moisture related properties of those substrates as will be readily appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art.
- Non-limiting examples of suitable substrates for use with the sensor of the present invention include hair, skin, wood, synthetic and non synthetic fibers, mix fibers, polymeric surfaces, and similar materials.
- the sensor 1 operates under the principle that as the moisture content of a substrate increases, so does its effective relative signal coupling.
- the sensor 1 is designed to measure the relative signal coupling induced by a substrate, and from that measurement of the coupled signal, the moisture content of the substrate can be determined.
- the moisture content value may be presented on a visual display, indicated through a user-perceptible audible tone and/or used as a control signal to control a function of a device. More preferably, the indicator is one or more LED lights.
- the sensor 1 incorporates a high frequency directional coupler 2 having a pair of generally parallel strips 3 and 4 that define a coupling gap 5 therebetween.
- the term "couple,” as used herein, means to position two electric circuit components close enough to permit an exchange or electromagnetic energy from one to another.
- the parallel strips 3, 4 are supported on an FR4 printed circuit board (PCB) 18 (Figs. 2D — 3B) having a ground plane 19 formed on a lower surface of the board 18.
- the height "h" of the PCB 18 is 0.062 in.
- each strip 3, 4 has a width "w" of 0.17 in.
- a high frequency signal generator 7 is electrically coupled to strip 3 and is operable to generate an electromagnetic field across the coupling gap 5 that couples power to strip 4 with the substrate placed across, i.e., generally normal to the longitudinal axis of, the coupling gap 5 in a packed manner as will be described in detail below.
- Strip 4 may also comprise an AC/DC detector (not illustrated) which is operable to generate an output voltage signal which has a value related to the moisture content of the substrate.
- the presence of the AC/DC detector obviates the need for the mixer 12 component.
- the signal generator 7 generates a coupled power signal in the coupled strip 3 that has an amplitude related to the moisture content, of the substrate placed across the coupling gap 5.
- the signal generator 7 is phase locked to maintain frequency and measurement accuracy, stability, and repeatability, and has an adjustable power.
- the signal generator 7 is preferably operable to generate signals in the VHF to UHF frequency ranges, i.e., between about 30 MHz and about 3 GHz, although other frequency ranges are possible as well.
- the signal generator 7 may operate at about 1 GHz, such as at about 915 MHz, since it is contemplated that the water content of a substrate may be most accurately determined by its measured impedance in the near GHz range.
- the sensor 1 utilizes the reverse power coupling variation of the high frequency directional coupler 2 (fig 2B) to measure the change in the impedance of the material placed across the coupling gap 5.
- the directional coupler 2 becomes mismatched, and this mismatch causes a monotonic increase in the reverse power coupling of the directional coupler 2 as the impedance across the gap 5 is increased as the result of increased moisture content of the material.
- the amplitude of the reversed power in the reverse power leg 6 (Figs. 1 and 2B) from strip 4 is generally a direct measure of the impedance, and hence the moisture content, of the substrate placed across the coupling gap 5.
- the moisture content of the substrate i.e., its water content by weight, can be determined from the measured impedance of the sample.
- the forward power signal from strip 3 is electrically coupled to one port of a mixer 12 (example of which can be a MBA-I OVL-I shown in Fig 2A) through a forward power leg 10 (Figs. 1 and 2B) and, optionally, an attenuator 1 1.
- the forward power signal may optionally be attenuated to about -10 dBm by the attenuator 1 1.
- the attenuator 11 is not essential because the coplanar waveguide (discussed below) provides excellent control of DC off-set hence increasing dynamic range.
- the coupled power signal from strip 4 is phase shifted by a phase shifter 13 and is electrically coupled to another port of the mixer 12 through the reverse power leg 6.
- the phase shift is made possible via a coplanar waveguide.
- coplanar means that the waveguide is integrated into the main PCB 18 of the device and without using coaxial cable connections (i.e., Figs 2D-2F).
- the mixer 12 may act as a coherent receiver in that it is most responsive to coupled signals that are in phase with the forward power signal.
- the phase shifter 13 assures the proper phase coherence of the reverse power signal relative to the forward power signal for the mixer 12 to produce the maximum discernable mixer output. With the mixer forward power set to the appropriate level through the adjustable power 8, the output of the mixer 12 monotonically increases with an increase in the reverse coupled power which is caused by increase in substrate moistures content.
- the mixer 12 demodulates or reduces to DC base band the value of the coupled power though the directional coupler 2.
- the DC output of the mixer 12 is filtered and amplified by amplifier 16 to produce a measurable output voltage that is related to the moisture content 17 of the substrate placed across the gap 5.
- the amplifier 16 includes an adjustable gain 14 and an adjustable DC offset 15.
- the sensor-circuit interconnection is made by a 50 ohm coplanar waveguide.
- the waveguide trace 29 is depicted in Fig 2D.
- the coplanar design provides for ideal phase correction control with minimal signal loss of the sensor.
- the system is typically powered by a regulated 3.3 V power supply.
- the voltage regulator 9 regulates power for the integrated circuit.
- Figures 1 and 2A show the block and schematic diagrams respectively of an embodiment of the PCB design.
- the RF signal generator 7 propagates a signal to the sensor using a phase locked loop (PLL) circuit.
- PLL block works with an external voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) which is electrically coupled to it.
- VCO voltage controlled oscillator
- the PLL can be programmed digitally.
- a single transistor amplifier 16 is used to further amplify the signal.
- the PLL is communicated with via an I2C protocol.
- a microcontroller is used to communicate with the PLL using I2C logic.
- a high level C language is used to write the entire function of the system.
- the C program is then converted into machine code for the microcontroller using an HT-PIC compiler and a MPLAB tool to download the machine code to the microcontroller.
- the PLL circuit used can be seen in Fig. 2A.
- the power of the RF signal generated out of the VCO is about -4 dBm.
- the signal is amplified to feed a 0 dBm signal strength onto the sensor.
- a single transistor RF amplifier 16 is used to amplify the signal to 0 dBm.
- Coupled micro strips 3, 4 are used for the sensor to detect the moisture present in the object being tested.
- the coupled signal is fed into the mixer RF input and the reference signal is fed into the LO port of a mixer circuit 12 (MBA- 10VL).
- MSA- 10VL mixer circuit 12
- Super heterodyne principle is used to enhance the noise immunity of the system; the principle equation that governs super heterodyne principle is explained by equations (1) - (3) below.
- a ⁇ A2 VO [cos(-»l - wl)t + cos( ⁇ yl + w2)t] — (2)
- Equation (3) is valid, if the input signal frequency at local oscillator (LO) and Radio frequency (RF) port are the same.
- the mixer 12 is a negative polarity detector (i.e., for a zero phase difference between the inputs, the output voltage is negative). Zero phase difference inputs are used to obtain the maximum output of the mixer 12.
- the high frequency component of the mixer 12 is filtered and the dc output is fed into an operational amplifier 16 based amplification circuit. The amplification of the circuit is kept at around gain of 200.
- a positive offset null circuit is used to eliminate any possible offset in the mixer 12 output.
- the top layer of the PCB Fig 2D is used for component placement. Top and bottom layers are used for signal routing.
- the middle layer Fig 2E is used specifically for ground connection and it is placed at 5mm below the top layer. This spacing is very important for 50 ohm matching of the co-planer waveguide dimension.
- Sensor and Waveguide designs are very critical, because this design determines the performance of the entire system. Better sensor design and phase matching provides better sensitivity while 50 ohm matched waveguide design provides for lowest signal loss.
- w is the width of the trace and “d” is the distance between the trace and the ground plane.
- the trace 29 width and lengths are designed to match 50 ⁇ input impedance of the mixer. This 50 ⁇ matching is very important for the lossless signal transmission.
- the calculations for determining the width and length of the microstrip lines are done using the generalized equations (5) - (8) mentioned below: For w/d ⁇ 2: Where
- Z f is the wave impedance in free space (i.e., 376.8 ⁇ )
- ⁇ is the propagation constant and 1 is the required length for 90° phase shift.
- ⁇ koj&
- ⁇ r is the relative dielectric constant (for FR4 board, it is 4.7)
- f is the frequency of operation
- c is the velocity of light in free space.
- the length of the waveguide trace 29 is 1.810 inches in order to achieve a phase match at the mixer 12 input.
- the hair moisture sensor system 20 may be used by a professional salon, for example, to quickly, accurately, and reliably indicate to a stylist when the moisture content of a customer's hair is in the range of approximately 30% by weight to 40% by weight so that the optimum styling results may then be achieved.
- a hair clamping device 21 may be connected to a computer 27 via a device connection means 17, and moisture/hair health results may be displayed on the computer screen 28. As shown in Figs.
- a hair clamping device 21 having pivoted jaws 22a and 24a that each terminate in handles 22 and 24, that may be defined as opened or closed based on the distance therebetween 23.
- the jaws 22a and 24a may be biased to an open position as shown in Fig. 4B so that a bundle of hair 25 is readily received between the jaws 22a, 24a and is oriented with the hair fibers 25 extending across, i.e., generally normal to the longitudinal axis of, the coupling gap 5 (Fig 3A) of the directional coupler 2 which is supported by jaw 24.
- the device may also incorporate a substrate packing means 26, which may comprise a gap, teeth, tines, or another structure which enables hair to be packed in a space between the directional coupler 2 and the packing means 26.
- a packing means 26 comprising a gap is preferred to aid in root to tip profile measurements.
- the sensor 1 provides a consumer friendly self-assessment tool that permits a consumer to periodically measure the general health of the consumer's hair. Based on these measurements, the consumer is able to take corrective actions as necessary which tend to improve the health of the consumer's hair. These actions may include changing hair care products, changing hair styling techniques, or both, so that the general health of the consumer's hair can be consistently monitored and improved.
- the sensor 1 also provides a useful monitoring tool to hair stylists and hair technicians as well.
- the senor 1 of the present invention may be incorporated into other hair care products as well, such as a comb, brush, curling iron, or similar hair care product that preferably engages the user's hair during grooming to provide a measurement of the moisture content, health or other status of the hair based on appliance function on hair.
- the health of hair is characterized by such factors as smoothness, shine, absence of fragility, absence of fissuring, and absence of cuticular breakdown. As each of these factors is directly or indirectly related to the moisture content of the hair, the sensor 1 of the present invention is able to provide an accurate and reliable indication of the health of measured in vivo or in vitro hair.
- the directional coupler sensor 1 is well suited to measure the moisture content, health or other condition of hair since it possesses sensitivity to variations in impedance in close proximity, such as about 0.1 in., to the surfaces of the strips 3 and 4.
- the height of this effective measurement probing depth from the surfaces of the strips 3, 4 is a function of the electromagnetic field that couples the strips 3 and 4.
- the height of the measurement probing depth may be changed for a particular application by changing the height of the PCB 18, the dielectric constant of the PCB 18, the dimensions of the strips 3, 4, the coupling gap distance "s," and/or the power supplied by the signal generator 7. By varying any or all of these parameters, the height of the coupling field can be altered to thereby change the effective measurement probing depth.
- sensor 1 may comprise multiple directional couplers 2 electrically coupled to at least one signal generator 7 to measure the respective moisture content of multiple substrates in accordance with the principles described in detail above. It is further contemplated that at least two of the multiple directional couplers 2 may have different effective measurement probing depths by varying one or more of the parameters described in detail above.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
MX2008016296A MX2008016296A (en) | 2006-06-30 | 2007-06-29 | Device for measuring moisture in overlays (like hair) of a microstrip directional coupler. |
JP2009515540A JP5221527B2 (en) | 2006-06-30 | 2007-06-29 | A device for measuring the moisture content of the microstrip directional coupler overlay |
CA2655176A CA2655176C (en) | 2006-06-30 | 2007-06-29 | Device for measuring moisture in substrate and health of hair |
AU2007269726A AU2007269726B2 (en) | 2006-06-30 | 2007-06-29 | Device for measuring moisture in overlays (like hair) of a microstrip directional coupler |
EP07796589A EP2035815A2 (en) | 2006-06-30 | 2007-06-29 | Device for measuring moisture in overlays (like hair) of a microstrip directional coupler |
BRPI0713515-7A BRPI0713515A2 (en) | 2006-06-30 | 2007-06-29 | substrate moisture and hair health device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US81817306P | 2006-06-30 | 2006-06-30 | |
US60/818,173 | 2006-06-30 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2008005346A2 true WO2008005346A2 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
WO2008005346A3 WO2008005346A3 (en) | 2008-04-03 |
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ID=38895137
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2007/015157 WO2008005346A2 (en) | 2006-06-30 | 2007-06-29 | Device for measuring moisture in overlays (like hair) of a microstrip directional coupler |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7928739B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2035815A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5221527B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101484797A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2007269726B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0713515A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2655176C (en) |
MX (1) | MX2008016296A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008005346A2 (en) |
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- 2007-06-29 AU AU2007269726A patent/AU2007269726B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-06-29 CN CNA2007800235325A patent/CN101484797A/en active Pending
- 2007-06-29 WO PCT/US2007/015157 patent/WO2008005346A2/en active Application Filing
- 2007-06-29 CA CA2655176A patent/CA2655176C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-06-29 US US11/823,894 patent/US7928739B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JP2009540337A (en) | 2009-11-19 |
CN101484797A (en) | 2009-07-15 |
BRPI0713515A2 (en) | 2012-02-07 |
JP5221527B2 (en) | 2013-06-26 |
CA2655176C (en) | 2012-05-22 |
MX2008016296A (en) | 2009-01-15 |
WO2008005346A3 (en) | 2008-04-03 |
AU2007269726A1 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
CA2655176A1 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
US7928739B2 (en) | 2011-04-19 |
EP2035815A2 (en) | 2009-03-18 |
AU2007269726B2 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
US20080007273A1 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
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