WO2009006044A9 - Systems and methods for improving directed people screening - Google Patents
Systems and methods for improving directed people screening Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009006044A9 WO2009006044A9 PCT/US2008/067619 US2008067619W WO2009006044A9 WO 2009006044 A9 WO2009006044 A9 WO 2009006044A9 US 2008067619 W US2008067619 W US 2008067619W WO 2009006044 A9 WO2009006044 A9 WO 2009006044A9
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
- G01N23/201—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials by measuring small-angle scattering
-
- G01V5/222—
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to the field of radiant energy imaging systems, and more specifically to systems and techniques for detecting concealed objects carried on the body of a person.
- the present invention relates to improved methods and systems for communicating a potential threat location between a system operator performing a search function and an image analyst.
- the present invention relates to improved screening systems and methods for performing accurate, directed "pat-down" or physical searches of a person carrying a potential threat.
- Security systems are presently limited in their ability to detect contraband, weapons, explosives, and other dangerous objects concealed under clothing.
- Metal detectors and chemical sniffers are commonly used for the detection of large metal objects and certain types of explosives; however, there exists a wide range of dangerous objects that cannot be detected using these devices.
- Plastic and ceramic weapons increase the types of non-metallic objects that security personnel are required to detect. Manual searching of subjects is slow, inconvenient, and generally not well-tolerated by the public, especially as a standard procedure in high traffic centers, such as airports.
- Non-metallic objects are commonly composed of low atomic number elements similar to those of human tissue, i.e. hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.
- Soft human tissue scatters a significant amount of X-rays due to the relatively low atomic number of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen in relatively high concentration.
- objects having similar atomic composition as the human body tend to present contours and edges when hidden underneath clothing or on the surface of the subject's body.
- X-ray scattering is reduced around contours and edges due to the contours and edges absorbing scatter on one side of the edge and increasing scatter on the other side of the edge.
- the X-ray potential is set at up to 150 Kilo vo Its and is specifically chosen to transmit X-rays through the person being examined.
- the present invention is a method for improving communication efficiency in an imaging system for inspecting a human body comprising positioning said body in an imaging area; operating an X-ray tube to produce a pencil beam of X-rays toward said imaging area; scanning said pencil beam of X-rays over said imaging area at a sufficiently high rate, wherein said pencil beam is of a sufficiently low dosage; detecting X-rays that are backscattered from said pencil beam as a result of interacting with matter positioned in said image area; creating at least one first image of said human body using said imaging system; displaying said at least one first image of said human body on a first display; and identifying at least one area of said at least one first image that requires further inspection; creating at least one second image wherein said at least one second image is a visual representation of said at least one area of said at least one first image that requires further inspection; and displaying said at least one second image on a second display.
- Figure 4 is a schematic, perspective view of the detection system as used in the present invention
- Figure 5 is a diagram of an exemplary detector as used in the screening system of the present invention
- the present invention is also directed towards an improved X-ray detection system and method that allows for maximum threat detection performance with improved verbal and visual communication between the screening and imaging system operator and an image analyst, either proximally or remotely located, thus allowing for an accurate, directed physical search and minimal "pat-down" of subjects under inspection.
- the present invention is also directed towards an image processing system comprising an imaging and scanning system and an inspector station that allows the image analyst at the inspector station, to annotate and subsequently communicate images with information indicating a more specified threat location to a screening and imaging system operator at the imaging system for an accurate, directed physical search of the subject under inspection.
- the present invention is directed towards an image processing system that employs a computer system with automatic detection algorithms and a rules-based inference engine to annotate and subsequently communicate images with information indicating a more specified threat location to a screening system operator at the imaging system for an accurate, directed physical search of the subject under inspection.
- the present invention in one embodiment, is directed towards an inspection system for inspecting a human body having enhanced visual communication
- an imaging system further comprising a radiation source capable of producing a pencil beam of X-rays toward an imaging area and a detector array for detecting X-rays that are backscattered from the pencil beam as a result of interacting with matter positioned in said image area, a first display located at an image analyst station; and a second display located at the imaging system, wherein said first display is used by an image analyst for communicating scan information to a screening system operator via said second display.
- the image representation of the subject is viewed at an inspector station by an image analyst.
- the inspector station is at a location remote from the imaging system.
- the image analyst views the image of the subject to obtain an accurate indication of the location of potential threat objects.
- the image analyst can then annotate the image and send the annotated image information to a display located at the imaging system to direct a physical search to a specific location on the subject's body in which a threat may be located.
- data is transmitted between the image analyst at the inspector station and the screening system operator at the imaging system.
- the transmitted data represents an image representation of the subject under inspection. In another embodiment, the transmitted data represents an image representation of the subject under inspection, wherein the image analyst includes annotations indicating a directed area on the subject under inspection that may require a physical search by the system operator. In another embodiment, the transmitted data represents a highly privatized, generic outline image representation of the subject under inspection. In another embodiment, the transmitted data represents a highly privatized, generic outline image representation of the subject under inspection, wherein the image analyst includes annotations indicating a directed area on the subject under inspection that may require a physical search by the screening system operator.
- the present invention is a concealed object detection system that utilizes low-level radiation doses to detect weapons and dangerous materials, regardless of whether they consist of metal or low-Z materials.
- the imaging system is configured to include a left side module and a right side module separated by a distance sufficiently wide to allow a person to walk between the two modules.
- a housing which may include a ceiling, conceals the left side module and the right side module, forming a portal configuration.
- the portal configuration of the preferred embodiment with its relatively confined area, is easier to combine with other people screening devices, including metal detectors, drug and explosives sniffers, and video cameras.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of a layout of the people screening security system of the present invention.
- security system 100 comprises imaging system 105 and inspector station 110.
- the imaging system employed in the present invention is a concealed object detection system in which a pencil beam of X-rays is scanned over the surface of the body of a person under inspection or examination.
- the radiographic image can be formed using any available radiation imaging technique for "body imaging" such as, but not limited to X-ray scattering, X-ray penetration, infrared imaging, millimeter wave imaging, RF imaging, radar imaging, holographic imaging, CT imaging, and MRI.
- the imaging system employed with the present invention can be any screening system, such as, but not limited to the people screening system described in United States Patent Number 5,181,234, which is herein incorporated by reference.
- the present invention is described with respect to its use in a concealed object detection system in which a pencil beam of X-rays is scanned over the surface of the body of a person under inspection or examination, the present invention is not limited to such use and the description provided herein is intended to be exemplary.
- the features described in the present application can operate on any computing platform including, but not limited to: a laptop; personal computer; personal data assistant; cell phone; server; embedded processor; DSP chip or specialized imaging device.
- the programmatic code can be compiled (whether that be pre-compiled or compiled "just-in-time") into a single application executing on a single computer, or distributed among several different computers operating locally or remotely to each other.
- monitor 106 further comprises a touch screen.
- the touch screen allows for the screening system operator to use a fully functional GUI.
- the GUI is employed to enable communication from the image analyst to the screening system operator via display or monitor 106.
- One operational embodiment of the security system of the present invention and thus, the functions provided by an exemplary GUI is discussed in greater detail below with respect to Figures 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D, 6E, 6F, 6G, 6H, 61, 6J, 6K, 6L, 6M, 6N, 60, 6P, 6Q, 6R, 6S, 6T, and 6U.
- the transmitted data further comprises annotations directed towards an area on the subject under inspection that may require a physical search.
- the image analyst located at the remote inspector station 110 annotates, on monitor 111, image representations of the subject under inspection that may require a physical search.
- the annotations may take the form of a rectangular or circular outline of a perceived threat area.
- the annotations may comprise any suitable indicator for communicating a perceived threat region that requires further search.
- the annotations may comprise regions of interest, or highly detailed image information. The highly detailed image information may be a portion of the raw image obtained upon scanning a subject, or may be an alternate image of the perceived threat area.
- the pencil beam of X-rays 211 is scanned in a horizontal motion across the body under inspection 212.
- Scattered or reflected X-rays 216 that are scattered or reflected from the body under inspection 212 are detected by X-ray sensitive detectors 217 positioned laterally opposite and facing the subject, and on the same side as the X-ray pencil beam source 230.
- detector panels 217 are located in the same plane as the X-ray source 230, but above and below the X-ray source 230.
- X-ray detectors 217 are positioned for substantially uniform X-ray detection on all sides of the incident X-ray beam.
- the electronic signal 220 produced from the X-ray detectors 217 and synchronization signals 221 received from the X-ray pencil beam source 230 are routed to a digital computer 224.
- Digital computer 224 generates an image display 225 on a monitor 226, wherein the intensity at each point in the display corresponds to the relative intensity of the detected scattered X-rays.
- numerous graphical user interface screens are presented on both the imaging system monitor and inspector station monitor, which enable effective communication between the two stations and efficient search and scanning of the subjects.
- a scanning cycle of the apparatus is defined as the time required for scanning the pencil beam of X-rays over each pixel in the image in order to provide a complete image of the person and objects positioned in the scanning window.
- the X-ray beam initially strikes only the person's body.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram of an exemplary detector as used in the security system of the present invention.
- each detector 517 comprises an external light proof enclosure 540 having interior walls 541 comprised of light reflective surfaces.
- light reflective surfaces may be provided by painting interior walls 541 white.
- An X-ray intensifying screen 542 forms a front cover or wall of enclosure 540.
- Screen 542 is preferably of the type used in radiography for increasing the exposure rate of X-ray film.
- a large area photomultiplier tube 543 is mounted at the opposite end of the interior of enclosure 540. X-ray photons 516 strike X-ray intensifying screen 542, thus producing light photons 547 in the interior of the external light-proof enclosure 540.
- a portion of the light photons 547 reflect off the white, or otherwise highly reflective, interior walls 541 of the enclosure and are detected by photomultiplier tube 543.
- the output signal of photomultiplier tube 543 is linearly related to the incident X-ray flux.
- the image representation of the subject is annotated to indicate a specific area in which a threat item may be located.
- the resultant annotated image is then transmitted to the imaging system, wherein the screening system operator may perform a physical search or limited, directed "pat-down" of the subject under inspection.
- Figures 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D, 6E, 6F, 6G, 6H, 61, 6J, 6K, 6L, 6M, 6N, 60, 6P, 6Q, 6R, 6S, and 6T illustrate the operational steps of various embodiments of the detection system of the present invention.
- Figure 7 is a flow chart depicting the operational steps of the security and inspection system of the present invention. Reference to Figures 1 and 7 will also be made when referring to components of the imaging system and operational scanning steps, respectively, of the present invention.
- GUI 600 of monitor 106 (shown in Figure 1) of imaging system 105 (shown in Figure 1) displays at least one status message 601 on status bar 602.
- the at least one status message 601 may include, but is not limited to one of the following: a) READY FOR NEXT SCAN; b)READY FOR NEXT PERSON; c)SCANNING (IN PROGRESS); d)Extra Scan in Progress; e)CONDUCT SEARCH; f)ANALYZING; G)Waiting for Inspector; h) LOCKED; and i) Warming up....
- message 601, shown in Figure 6B comprises a "Waiting for Log-in" message and is communicated to and displayed on the monitor 106 (shown in Figure 1).
- GUIs displayed on the display monitor of the present invention any configuration or layout may be employed for the GUIs displayed on the display monitor of the present invention. It should be noted herein and understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that both the image analyst and screening system operator can input commands to a computing system that controls the GUI and imaging system of the present invention using any type of input device, including, but not limited to a mouse, touch screen or keyboard.
- scan button 608 is used to communicate to the screening system operator to begin positioning and scanning the subject present at the imaging site 105.
- status message 601 which comprises a "Ready for Next Person” message in one embodiment, is communicated to and displayed on the monitor 106 (shown in Figure 1).
- status message 601 may indicate a "Ready for Next Scan” message to communicate to the screening system operator that the system is ready for the next scan.
- a scanning operation is initiated by the screening system operator in step 707.
- the scanning operation initiation means has already been described above with respect to Figure 1.
- message 601 is a "Scan in Progress" message to indicate that the system is in use, as shown in Figure 6D.
- status message 601 on imaging monitor 106 (shown in Figure 1) reads "Analyzing" while the image analyst inspects the images on image analyst monitor 111 to communicate to the screening system operator that the image analyst is in the process of reviewing the images on image analyst monitor 111 in step 713.
- the image analyst may hit the clear button 613. Subsequently, the subject is cleared by the screening system operator to move ahead with no further inspection and the subject may exit the inspection area 107.
- the monitor 106 displays status message 601 as "Ready for Next Person" when the image analyst clears the computer system for the next subject.
- the image analyst requests, in step 717, that the screening system operator conducts a manual search of the subject under inspection.
- the image analyst requests that the screening system operator conduct a manual search via a verbal request or command.
- the image analyst requests that the screening system operator conduct a manual search of the subject under inspection, via search button 614 as shown in Figure 61.
- search button 614 is activated, the manual search request is communicated to the screening system operator, as shown in Figure 6 J, as a status message 601, indicating "Conduct Search.".
- the resultant communication is shown in Figure 6L, where both status message 601 and annotated image representation 640 are shown to screening system operator on monitor 106 (shown in Figure 1).
- the scanned image representation 640 is a limited detail generic human representation image of the front side of a subject under inspection, also showing annotation rectangle 650, highlighting possible threat area 651 on the subject's body for a directed physical search.
- the present invention employs at least one high privacy outline 695 of the subject instead of a generic human representation image for much higher accuracy in locating objects.
- United States Patent Application Number 12/024,320 assigned to the assignee of the present invention, discusses details of several embodiments of image processing methods and is herein incorporated by reference.
- the security and inspection system of the present invention is capable of measuring a plurality of height points, a plurality of left position points, and a plurality of right position points, and using a ratio that is dependent on those measurements, is further capable of repositioning the annotations to the correct area and creating a contour map.
- an algorithm is employed to perform a calculation that correlates the anatomy of the human scan representation 690 with the anatomy of generic image representation 695.
- the annotated data received at the monitor 106 of the imaging system enables fast visual association of potential threat object location.
- screening system operators can perform a more directed physical search to determine the presence of an actual threat.
- the annotated information associated with the image is communicated to the screening system operator.
- the inspector station personnel or image analyst may press the call supervisor button 615, shown in Figure 6B, to convey details about the annotated data and threat information verbally to the screening system operator.
- the screening system operator performs, in step 721, a physical search of the suspect under inspection at the desired portion of the body conveyed by the inspector station personnel.
- the more accurately directed physical search allows for significant improvements in throughput and reduced operational costs owing to the reduction in time to communicate potential threat locations between the remotely located inspector station and the reduction in time of performing physical searches of the subject under inspection.
- the image analyst selects the "Search Complete” button 614 (which was originally "search” button 614) in step 723 and the imaging system is readied for the next person.
- the monitor 106 displays status message 601 "Ready for Next Person" upon this action, as shown in Figure 6T.
- a zoom feature an also be used by the image analyst to resolve smaller objects or bypass reduction in details when using privacy settings.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2010513430A JP5503535B2 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2008-06-20 | System and method for improving controlled physical examination |
EP08771561.1A EP2165188A4 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2008-06-20 | Systems and methods for improving directed people screening |
CN2008801006987A CN101779119B (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2008-06-20 | Systems and methods for improving directed people screening |
RU2010101788/08A RU2475851C2 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2008-06-20 | Systems and methods of improving directed inspection of people |
GB1000817.5A GB2463830B (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2008-06-20 | Systems and methods for improving directed people screening |
CA002692139A CA2692139A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2008-06-20 | Systems and methods for improving directed people screening |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US94538307P | 2007-06-21 | 2007-06-21 | |
US60/945,383 | 2007-06-21 |
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WO2009006044A2 WO2009006044A2 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
WO2009006044A3 WO2009006044A3 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
WO2009006044A9 true WO2009006044A9 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
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PCT/US2008/067619 WO2009006044A2 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2008-06-20 | Systems and methods for improving directed people screening |
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US (2) | US8199996B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2165188A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5503535B2 (en) |
CN (2) | CN101779119B (en) |
CA (1) | CA2692139A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2463830B (en) |
RU (1) | RU2475851C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009006044A2 (en) |
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- 2008-06-20 EP EP08771561.1A patent/EP2165188A4/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-06-20 WO PCT/US2008/067619 patent/WO2009006044A2/en active Application Filing
- 2008-06-20 CN CN2008801006987A patent/CN101779119B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-06-20 GB GB1000817.5A patent/GB2463830B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-06-20 CN CN201210289718.8A patent/CN103064125B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-06-20 CA CA002692139A patent/CA2692139A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2012
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US9442082B2 (en) | 2003-04-25 | 2016-09-13 | Rapiscan Systems, Inc. | X-ray inspection system and method |
Also Published As
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CA2692139A1 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
US20100034451A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
WO2009006044A2 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
WO2009006044A3 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
CN101779119B (en) | 2012-08-29 |
GB2463830B (en) | 2012-10-17 |
US8199996B2 (en) | 2012-06-12 |
CN103064125A (en) | 2013-04-24 |
EP2165188A4 (en) | 2014-01-22 |
US20120288063A1 (en) | 2012-11-15 |
CN101779119A (en) | 2010-07-14 |
RU2475851C2 (en) | 2013-02-20 |
GB2463830A (en) | 2010-03-31 |
GB201000817D0 (en) | 2010-03-03 |
EP2165188A2 (en) | 2010-03-24 |
US8774362B2 (en) | 2014-07-08 |
JP2010530977A (en) | 2010-09-16 |
CN103064125B (en) | 2016-01-20 |
RU2010101788A (en) | 2011-07-27 |
JP5503535B2 (en) | 2014-05-28 |
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