WO2009009404A2 - Quasi rtp metrics for non-rtp media flows - Google Patents
Quasi rtp metrics for non-rtp media flows Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009009404A2 WO2009009404A2 PCT/US2008/069120 US2008069120W WO2009009404A2 WO 2009009404 A2 WO2009009404 A2 WO 2009009404A2 US 2008069120 W US2008069120 W US 2008069120W WO 2009009404 A2 WO2009009404 A2 WO 2009009404A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- packets
- fields
- flow
- fragmentation
- processors
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/02—Capturing of monitoring data
- H04L43/026—Capturing of monitoring data using flow identification
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
- H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
- H04L65/65—Network streaming protocols, e.g. real-time transport protocol [RTP] or real-time control protocol [RTCP]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
- H04L41/0803—Configuration setting
- H04L41/0813—Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings
- H04L41/0816—Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings the condition being an adaptation, e.g. in response to network events
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
- H04L43/0823—Errors, e.g. transmission errors
- H04L43/0829—Packet loss
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
- H04L43/0852—Delays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
- H04L43/0852—Delays
- H04L43/087—Jitter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/10—Active monitoring, e.g. heartbeat, ping or trace-route
- H04L43/106—Active monitoring, e.g. heartbeat, ping or trace-route using time related information in packets, e.g. by adding timestamps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
- H04L65/80—Responding to QoS
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/50—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wire-line communication networks, e.g. low power modes or reduced link rate
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates generally to the field of networking.
- a data flow between two endpoints over a packet switched network can experience packet loss and delays when an on-path intermediary link or device is overloaded or for many other reasons. Packet loss and delay of real-time media flows need to be monitored for numerous management reasons such as to identify where on the path the packet loss and the delays are occurring and to determine whether the packet loss and delays are unacceptable in magnitude.
- the Real-Time Protocol was designed to natively support robust flow monitoring techniques. Accordingly, when an RTP flow passes through a network device the quality of the RTP flow at that network device can be monitored for outputting RTP metrics that include loss, jitter and latency information.
- a management device may then aggregate the RTP metrics with RTP metrics output by other network devices on the data path. The aggregated information is then typically used for service monitoring and troubleshooting.
- IPv4 Internet Protocol version Four
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example router for monitoring an Internet Protocol (IP) flow and outputting loss metrics.
- IP Internet Protocol
- FIG. 2 illustrates an example IP version Four (IPv4) header that is analyzed by the router illustrated in FIG. 1 during the flow monitoring.
- IPv4 IP version Four
- FIG. 3 illustrates an example method for using the router illustrated in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 illustrates another example router for reformatting an IP flow to allow other on-path network devices to monitor the reformatted flow regardless of source endpoint behavior.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an example method for using the router illustrated in FIG. 4.
- FIG. 6 illustrates yet another example router for reformatting an IP flow to allow other on-path network devices to measure latency for the reformatted flow.
- FIG. 7 illustrates an example method for using the router illustrated in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 8 illustrates an example method for using a monitoring device illustrated in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 9 illustrates an example device that leverages a Real-Time Protocol (RTP) metrics calculation engine to determine quasi RTP metrics for a non-RTP flow.
- RTP Real-Time Protocol
- a router receives a real-time multimedia flow that comprises IP packets.
- the router then processes values included in the Identifier fields of the IP packets using resources similar to those used in the monitoring of RTP flows to identify metrics for the real-time multimedia flow.
- the metrics may be transferred to a remote management device for aggregation with metrics output by other routers located on the data path for the real-time multimedia flow.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example router for monitoring an Internet Protocol (IP) flow and outputting loss metrics.
- IP Internet Protocol
- the system 100 includes one or more on-path network devices, such as router 13, that monitor a real-time unicast or multicast media flow such as an Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) flow.
- the router 13 includes software 14 for measuring loss metrics 15 for the media flow while forwarding the media flow.
- the loss metrics 15 are output to a management device for correlation and aggregation with other loss metrics outputted by other network devices (not shown) on the data path.
- the endpoint 1 1 is a conventional endpoint that originates a flow of packets 21 A using the IPv4 protocol.
- Each of the packets in the flow 21 A includes payload data 24 and header data 23 including both an IP header and a UDP header.
- the header data 23 includes addressing information 25 that can be used as a flow classifier X for the flow 21 A.
- the addressing information 25 includes source and destination addresses (from the IP header) and source and destination UDP port numbers (from the UDP header), which are combinable to constitute the flow classifier X for the flow 21 A.
- Each of the packets in the flow 21 A also includes a sixteen bit identification field 26 located in the IP header. According to conventional behavior, the endpoint 11 inserts different sixteen-bit values for use during IP packet fragmentation into the identification field 26 of the packets in the flow 2 IA.
- the IP protocol designates that the identification field 26 includes values for use by an intermediary device during fragmentation of the packets. For example, when a large IP packet is transferred by the endpoint 11 an intermediary device may fragment the large IP packet into a plurality of smaller IP packets. To ensure that a destination endpoint can reassemble the smaller IP packets into the original large IP packet, the identification fields 26 included in the IP headers of each of the smaller IP packets receive the same value as the identification field 26 of the larger IP packet and fragment offset fields of the smaller packets are formatted. This allows a destination endpoint to reassemble the large IP packet by correlating received packets having a common identification field value.
- the endpoint 11 may be configured to select different packet identifiers for inserting into the identification field 26 of each of the packets in the flow 21 A using a variety of different value selection techniques.
- the endpoint 11 is a type that inserts monotonically increasing sixteen-bit values into the identifications fields 26 of the packets of each flow independently. For example, the first transferred packet receives a value of one ("0000 0000 0000 0001" or "1"), the second transferred packet receives a value of two ("0000 0000 0000 0010" or "2”) and the third transferred packet receives a value of three (“0000 0000 0000 0011" or "3").
- value selection techniques are known to be used by other endpoints, for example, descending value selection (counting down from a value of two to the sixteenth power) or ascending selection occurring in any scale such as by tens (10, 20, 30%) or hundreds (100, 200, 300).
- descending value selection counting down from a value of two to the sixteenth power
- ascending selection occurring in any scale such as by tens (10, 20, 30%) or hundreds (100, 200, 300).
- An example embodiment specifically addressing endpoints using these non-monotonically increasing selection techniques will be discussed in greater detail in FIG. 4.
- the media flow 21 A is then transferred by the endpoint 11 through the network 12 towards a destination endpoint. While traveling through the network 12, the media flow 21 A may experience packet loss such that the media flow 21B received by the router 13 is missing the second transferred packet.
- the router 13 preferably determines whether the flow 2 IB requires fragmentation or not using any method, for example, by analyzing whether the "Do Not Fragment" bit is set in the IP header included in the header data 23 to explicitly prohibit fragmentation. Alternatively the router 62 may make this determination according to received signaling indicating that flow monitoring may be performed on the flow 21B having flow classifier X or by accessing a local memory indicating that flow monitoring may be performed on the flow 2 IB.
- the router 13 determines whether the endpoint 11 populated the identification fields 26 with monotonically increasing values using any method. For example, the router 13 may be preconfigured by a user with this information, the router 13 may exchange signaling with the endpoint 11 or another network device to acquire this information, the router 13 may make this determination by analyzing empirical evidence gathered from traffic originating from the endpoint 11, the router 13 may access a local or remote table listing source addresses known to use a monotonically increasing value selection, etc.
- the router 13 determines that the flow 2 IB is transmitted from a device that uses per- flow monotonically increasing value selection, the router 13 leverages this fact to determine packet loss by analyzing the identification field 26 of each packet identified by flow classifier X. In other words, the router 13 can monitor values of received packets to identify missing values, from which the router can infer the loss of one or more packets. For example, when the router 13 observes that none of the received packets include the value two (2), the router 13 infers that the second transferred packet has been lost.
- the router 13 may use the exact same algorithms used for calculating RTP metrics.
- any hardware or software that receives RTP sequence numbers and outputs RTP metrics is compatible and can be directly fed the values from the identification fields of the IP packets. This feature is illustrated in greater detail later with reference to FIG. 9.
- information about the packet loss is included in the loss metrics 15 that arc preferably transferred from the router 13 to a remote management device for correlation and aggregation.
- the router 13 may perform any of the techniques for monitoring real-time multimedia streams using Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP) tunneling as described in US Patent Application 11/761,679, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
- RTCP Real-time Transport Control Protocol
- the remote management device can then compare the loss metrics 15 to other loss metrics from other on-path network devices to determine what portion of the network 12 is associated with packet loss. This information may be used by the management device to reconfigure network devices, to notify an administrative user, or to perform other operations.
- the router 13 is described as monitoring packet loss for media flows originating from endpoints using a monotonically increasing value selection it should be apparent that the router 13 can also be configured to monitor packet loss when other patterns of value selection are used (although use of other patterns will not necessary allow for leveraging of existing RTP metric calculation algorithms). For example, the router 13 can also observe packet loss by using identification fields 26 when an endpoint uses monotonically decreasing value selection or any other value selection method as long as that criterion is known to the router 13. Although the packets in the media flow 21 A are IP packets, it should be apparent that the router 13 can output flow metrics for packets sent using other protocols that define an identification field or other field used for indicating values used during fragmentation and reassembly.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an example IP version Four (IPv4) header that is analyzed by the router illustrated in FIG. 1 during the flow monitoring.
- IPv4 IP version Four
- the IPv4 header 29 includes the sixteen bit identification field 26 conventionally used for denoting the packet identifiers that are used for indicating an association between packet fragments during reassembly.
- the header 29 also includes a version field 31, an IP header length field 32, a type of service field 33, a total length field 34, a flags field 36, a fragment offset field 37, a time to live field 38, a protocol field 39, a header checksum field 40, a source address field 41 and a destination address field 42.
- the source address field 41 and the destination address field 42 include the addresses that are combinable with the UDP port numbers included in the UDP header to constitute the flow classifier X (FIG. 1).
- the flags field 36 includes a one bit field 35 used by an cndpoint for indicating "Don't Fragment" (DF).
- the fragment offset field 37 is conventionally used by a fragmenting device to insert a byte count from the start of the first fragmented packet sent by the fragmenting device. This byte count is used by a destination endpoint to reassemble received fragmented packets in order according to the respective byte counts so that the original pre- fragmented packet can be restored.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an example method for using the router illustrated in FIG. 1.
- the router 13 receives a flow of packets sent using IP or another protocol that includes fields to be accessed during fragmentation and to be used for correlating packet fragments during reassembly.
- IPv4 the fields are sixteen bit identification fields.
- the router 13 determines whether the flow of packets is monitorable according to a do not fragment bit setting or other means. When the flow does not prohibit fragmentation, in block 303 A the router 13 forwards the flow of packets without performing flow monitoring.
- the router 13 identifies how a remote network device selects values for including into the fields in block 3O3B.
- the router 13 may access an input received during pre-configuration of the router 13 by a user, access an indication transferred from the remote network device, access a field included in one or more of the packets, or analyze empirical analysis of the flow or of other flows transferred from the remote network device, etc.
- the router 13 then analyzes the values included in the fields according to the identified selection method (preferably a monotonically or by one increasing selection pattern) to identify lost packets in block 304.
- the router 13 may output loss metrics for the flow of packets to a user or a remote management device in block 305.
- FIG. 4 illustrates another example router for reformatting an IP flow to allow other on-path network devices to monitor the reformatted flow regardless of source endpoint behavior.
- a network device in close logical proximity to the endpoint 61 such as a first hop router 62, reformats the values included in the identification field 26 when the originating endpoint formats the flow 51 A using a method other than monotonically increasing selection.
- the endpoint 61 assigns a value of fifty (50) to the first transferred packet, a value of one hundred (100) to the second transferred packet and a value of one hundred and fifty (150) to the third transferred packet.
- the router 62 receives the flow 51 A and according to software 64 determines whether the flow 51 A requires fragmentation or not before formatting different values into the fragmentation field 26. For example, real-time multimedia flows such as IPTV media flows normally do not use fragmentation.
- the router 62 makes this determination using any method, for example, by analyzing whether the "Do Not Fragment" bit is set in the IP header in the header data 23. Alternatively the router 62 may make this determination according to received signaling indicating that flow monitoring may be performed for this flow 51 A having flow classifier Y or by accessing a local memory indicating that flow monitoring may be performed for this flow 5 IA.
- the router 62 reformats the identification field 26 of each packet having the common flow classifier Y to correspond with a value from a sixteen-bit counter 63. For example, the value of fifty (50) is replaced with the value of one ("0000 0000 0000 0001" or "1") from the counter 63. The counter 63 is incremented and the next counter value of two ("0000 0000 0000 0010" or "2") is used to overwrite the identification field 26 of the next packet and so on and so forth.
- the resulting flow 5 IB of reformatted packets includes identification fields 26 containing values that monotonically increase per packet similar to how sequence numbers in an RTP flow work.
- another on-path network device that includes the software 14 (FIG. 1 ) can output loss metrics for the reformatted media flow 5 IB.
- Replacing non-monotonically increasing values in the identification fields 26 with monotonically increasing values is preferred so that existing RTP metric engines can be leveraged as will be explained in greater detail with reference to FIG. 9.
- the router 62 may include the software 14 (FIG. 1) instead of the software 64 and the counter 63.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an example method for using the router illustrated in FIG. 4.
- the router 62 receives a flow of packets sent using IP or another protocol that includes fields to be accessed during fragmentation and to be used for correlating packet fragments during reassembly.
- IPv4 the protocol is IPv4
- the fields are sixteen bit identification fields.
- the router 62 determines whether the flow of packets is monitorable according to a do not fragment bit setting or other means. When the flow does not prohibit fragmentation, in block 503 A the router 62 forwards the flow of packets without formatting the fields.
- the router 62 formats the fields with sequence numbers or other monotonically increasing values before forwarding the flow of packets.
- the router 62 may send an indication to one or more other network devices also located on the data path that the fields include the sequence numbers.
- FIG. 6 illustrates yet another example router for reformatting an IP flow to allow other on-path network devices to measure latency for the reformatted flow.
- a device close to a transmitting endpoint such as a first hop router 82, reformats the fragment offset fields 37 with values from a clock 83.
- the timestamps or other clock values in the fragment offset fields 37 are used by other on-path devices such as monitoring router 92 to output metrics 95 that include latency measurements in addition to, or instead of, the loss information.
- the router 82 receives a flow 71 A of packets each having header data 23 including a fragment offset field 37 and information combinable with UDP port numbers to constitute a flow classifier Z.
- the fragment offset field 37 is set to zero indicating that the packets have not been fragmented and the router 82 is preconf ⁇ gured with knowledge that other devices on the data path are compatible with the timestamp reformatting
- the router 82 begins reformatting the field 37 with values from the clock 83.
- the fragmentation offset field 37 for the first packet in the outputted flow 71 B indicates the time value Tl and the second packet in the flow 71B indicates the time value T2.
- monitoring router 92 receives the flow 72 and observes the timestamp values Tl and T2 included in the fragmentation offset fields 37. According to the observed timestamp values Tl and T2 and an input (such as signaling from router 82) that indicates to the monitoring router 92 the format and a time reference for the timestamp values, the monitoring router 92 identifies latency measurements.
- the time reference refers to a type of timestamp used, such as sixty-four (64) bit Network Time Protocol (NTP) timestamps, and the format refers to which subset of the sixty- four (64) bit is inserted into the thirteen (13) bit fragment offset field.
- NTP Network Time Protocol
- a preferred format uses the thirteen (13) bit subset starting at bit thirty-one (31) and ending at bit forty-three (43) providing coverage of two (2) seconds with a resolution of approximately two-hundred and forty-five (245) microseconds. Other time references and subsets are possible.
- These latency measurements can be quasi RTP latency measurements that indicate how much time it takes for a packet to travel from a device close to the source to other devices on the data path.
- This latency information can be output in metrics 95 for aggregation, which can be used to determine which portion of the network is causing the largest delay.
- the source device inserts the timestamps rather than an intermediary device.
- the system preferably includes a last hop device or some other device close to the destination endpoint that resets the values in the fragmentation offset fields 37 to a zero byte count for compatibility reasons. This may occur in conjunction with measuring latency at the last hop device. Destination endpoints may also include software for ignoring the fragmentation offset fields when the "do not fragment" flag is set so that writing zero values into these fields is unnecessary.
- FIG. 7 illustrates an example method for using the router illustrated in FIG. 6.
- the router 82 receives a flow of packets sent using IP or another protocol that includes fields to be formatted with a byte count during fragmentation and to be used during reassembly.
- IPv4 the fields are the fragmentation offset fields.
- the router 82 determines whether the flow of packets is monitorable according to a do not fragment bit setting or other means. When the flow does not prohibit fragmentation, in block 703 A the router 82 forwards the flow of packets without reformatting the fields with timestamp values.
- the router 82 formats the fields with timestamp values before forwarding the flow of packets.
- the router 82 may send an indication to one or more other devices located on the data path that the fields include the time stamps.
- the router 82 may also include the functionality illustrated in FIG. 5.
- the functionality illustrated in FlG. 5 is not repeated in FIG. 7.
- FIG. 8 illustrates an example method for using a monitoring device illustrated in FIG. 6.
- the router 92 receives a flow of packets sent using IP or another protocol that includes fields to be formatted with a byte count during fragmentation and to be used during reassembly.
- the fields are the fragmentation offset fields.
- the router 92 receives an indication of whether the fields have been formatted with timestamp values.
- the indication may be received during pre-configuration of the router 92 by a user, the indication may be transferred from a remote network device, the indication may be included in one or more of the packets, the indication may be based on empirical analysis of the flow or of other flows transferred from the remote network device, etc.
- the router 92 may also simply check the fields for timestamp values when the packets request no fragmentation. The router 92 then analyzes the timestamp values included in the fields to measure latency for the flow of packets in block 803.
- the router 92 may output metrics including the latency measurements to a user or a remote management device in block 804.
- the router 92 may also include the functionality illustrated in FIG. 3.
- the functionality illustrated in FIG. 3 is not repeated in FIG. 8.
- FIG. 9 illustrates an example device that leverages a Real-Time Protocol (RTP) metrics calculation engine to determine quasi RTP metrics for a non-RTP flow.
- RTP Real-Time Protocol
- the device 90 includes software 89 for feeding information extracted from non-RTP media flows into an RTP metrics calculation engine 99. This leverages the engine 99 that is capable of calculating RTP metrics for RTP media flows to also calculate quasi RTP flow metrics for non-RTP media flows.
- the inputs 86, 87 and 88 respectively include flow classifier information extracted from addressing fields of packets in an IP media flow, quasi sequence number values extracted from identification fields of the IP packets and timestamp values extracted from fragment offset fields of the IP packets.
- These inputs 86, 87 and 88 are fed into the engine 99 in a similar fashion to how information extracted from an RTP media flow is fed into the engine 99.
- the engine 99 processes the inputs 86, 87 and 88 similarly to how RTP information is processed, and outputs quasi RTP metrics including packet loss information 97 and latency information 98.
- the device 90 receives a subset of the inputs 86, 87 and 88 and outputs a subset of the outputs 97 and 98.
- the engine 99 may process RTP algorithms such as those disclosed in Request For Comment (RFC) 3550 and 3611, which are herein incorporated by reference for all purposes and are publicly available on the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) website.
- RTC Request For Comment
- IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
- the engine 99 may utilize any other RTP algorithms and RTP resources to output the quasi RTP metrics for the IP media flow.
- the specific examples herein describe routers outputting flow metrics and reformatting fields. It should be apparent that in other examples any network devices on a data path may perform the functionality described herein, including but not limited to, switches, gateways, call management devices, Network Address Translation (NATs), firewalls and other security devices, etc.
- the reformatting routers may include functionality to measure flows, and the measuring routers may include functionality for reformatting flows. Reformatting routers may reformat fragment offset fields and identification fields, or only one type.
- the system described above can use dedicated processor systems, micro controllers, programmable logic devices, or microprocessors that perform some or all of the operations. Some of the operations described above may be implemented in software and other operations may be implemented in hardware.
Abstract
In one embodiment, a router receives a real-time multimedia flow that comprises IP packets. The router then processes values included in the Identifier fields of the IP packets using resources similar to those used in the monitoring of RTP flows to identify metrics for the real-time multimedia flow. The metrics may be transferred to a remote management device for aggregation with metrics output by other routers located on the data path for the real-time multimedia flow.
Description
QUASI RTP METRICS FOR NON-RTP MEDIA FLOWS
TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates generally to the field of networking.
BACKGROUND A data flow between two endpoints over a packet switched network can experience packet loss and delays when an on-path intermediary link or device is overloaded or for many other reasons. Packet loss and delay of real-time media flows need to be monitored for numerous management reasons such as to identify where on the path the packet loss and the delays are occurring and to determine whether the packet loss and delays are unacceptable in magnitude.
The Real-Time Protocol (RTP) was designed to natively support robust flow monitoring techniques. Accordingly, when an RTP flow passes through a network device the quality of the RTP flow at that network device can be monitored for outputting RTP metrics that include loss, jitter and latency information. A management device may then aggregate the RTP metrics with RTP metrics output by other network devices on the data path. The aggregated information is then typically used for service monitoring and troubleshooting.
Other protocols besides RTP, such as the Internet Protocol version Four (IPv4), do not support the flow monitoring features of RTP, which makes monitoring these non-RTP flows using existing RTP monitoring resources difficult or impossible. The disclosure that follows solves this and other problems.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates an example router for monitoring an Internet Protocol (IP) flow and outputting loss metrics.
FIG. 2 illustrates an example IP version Four (IPv4) header that is analyzed by the router illustrated in FIG. 1 during the flow monitoring.
FIG. 3 illustrates an example method for using the router illustrated in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 illustrates another example router for reformatting an IP flow to allow other on-path network devices to monitor the reformatted flow regardless of source endpoint behavior.
FIG. 5 illustrates an example method for using the router illustrated in FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 illustrates yet another example router for reformatting an IP flow to allow other on-path network devices to measure latency for the reformatted flow.
FIG. 7 illustrates an example method for using the router illustrated in FIG. 6.
FIG. 8 illustrates an example method for using a monitoring device illustrated in FIG. 6.
FIG. 9 illustrates an example device that leverages a Real-Time Protocol (RTP) metrics calculation engine to determine quasi RTP metrics for a non-RTP flow.
DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS Overview
In one embodiment, a router receives a real-time multimedia flow that comprises IP packets. The router then processes values included in the Identifier fields of the IP packets using resources similar to those used in the monitoring of RTP flows to identify metrics for the real-time multimedia flow. The metrics may be transferred to a remote management device for
aggregation with metrics output by other routers located on the data path for the real-time multimedia flow.
Description
Several preferred examples of the present application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Various other examples of the invention are also possible and practical. This application may be exemplified in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the examples set forth herein.
The figures listed above illustrate preferred examples of the application and the operation of such examples. In the figures, the size of the boxes is not intended to represent the size of the various physical components. Where the same element appears in multiple figures, the same reference numeral is used to denote the element in all of the figures where it appears. When two elements operate differently, different reference numerals are used regardless of whether the two elements are the same class of network device.
Only those parts of the various units are shown and described which are necessary to convey an understanding of the examples to those skilled in the art. Those parts and elements not shown are conventional and known in the art.
FIG. 1 illustrates an example router for monitoring an Internet Protocol (IP) flow and outputting loss metrics.
The system 100 includes one or more on-path network devices, such as router 13, that monitor a real-time unicast or multicast media flow such as an Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) flow. The router 13 includes software 14 for measuring loss metrics 15 for the media flow while forwarding the media flow. The loss metrics 15 are output to a management device for correlation and aggregation with other loss metrics outputted by other network devices (not shown) on the data path.
In the present embodiment, the endpoint 1 1 is a conventional endpoint that originates a flow of packets 21 A using the IPv4 protocol. Each of the packets in the flow 21 A includes payload data 24 and header data 23 including both an IP header and a UDP header. The header data 23 includes addressing information 25 that can be used as a flow classifier X for the flow 21 A. The addressing information 25 includes source and destination addresses (from the IP header) and source and destination UDP port numbers (from the UDP header), which are combinable to constitute the flow classifier X for the flow 21 A. Each of the packets in the flow 21 A also includes a sixteen bit identification field 26 located in the IP header. According to conventional behavior, the endpoint 11 inserts different sixteen-bit values for use during IP packet fragmentation into the identification field 26 of the packets in the flow 2 IA.
A background on fragmentation is helpful before continuing the specific example in FIG. 1. The IP protocol designates that the identification field 26 includes values for use by an intermediary device during fragmentation of the packets. For example, when a large IP packet is transferred by the endpoint 11 an intermediary device may fragment the large IP packet into a plurality of smaller IP packets. To ensure that a destination endpoint can reassemble the smaller IP packets into the original large IP packet, the identification fields 26 included in the IP headers of each of the smaller IP packets receive the same value as the identification field 26 of the larger IP packet and fragment offset fields of the smaller packets are formatted. This allows a destination endpoint to reassemble the large IP packet by correlating received packets having a common identification field value.
Continuing the example in FlG. 1, the endpoint 11 may be configured to select different packet identifiers for inserting into the identification field 26 of each of the packets in the flow 21 A using a variety of different value selection techniques. In the present
embodiment, the endpoint 11 is a type that inserts monotonically increasing sixteen-bit values into the identifications fields 26 of the packets of each flow independently. For example, the first transferred packet receives a value of one ("0000 0000 0000 0001" or "1"), the second transferred packet receives a value of two ("0000 0000 0000 0010" or "2") and the third transferred packet receives a value of three ("0000 0000 0000 0011" or "3"). Other value selection techniques are known to be used by other endpoints, for example, descending value selection (counting down from a value of two to the sixteenth power) or ascending selection occurring in any scale such as by tens (10, 20, 30...) or hundreds (100, 200, 300...). An example embodiment specifically addressing endpoints using these non-monotonically increasing selection techniques will be discussed in greater detail in FIG. 4.
Referring again to FIG. 1 , the media flow 21 A is then transferred by the endpoint 11 through the network 12 towards a destination endpoint. While traveling through the network 12, the media flow 21 A may experience packet loss such that the media flow 21B received by the router 13 is missing the second transferred packet.
The router 13 preferably determines whether the flow 2 IB requires fragmentation or not using any method, for example, by analyzing whether the "Do Not Fragment" bit is set in the IP header included in the header data 23 to explicitly prohibit fragmentation. Alternatively the router 62 may make this determination according to received signaling indicating that flow monitoring may be performed on the flow 21B having flow classifier X or by accessing a local memory indicating that flow monitoring may be performed on the flow 2 IB.
When the router 13 determines that fragmentation is prohibited or otherwise not used for the flow 2 IB, the router 13 determines whether the endpoint 11 populated the identification fields 26 with monotonically increasing values using any method. For
example, the router 13 may be preconfigured by a user with this information, the router 13 may exchange signaling with the endpoint 11 or another network device to acquire this information, the router 13 may make this determination by analyzing empirical evidence gathered from traffic originating from the endpoint 11, the router 13 may access a local or remote table listing source addresses known to use a monotonically increasing value selection, etc.
When the router 13 determines that the flow 2 IB is transmitted from a device that uses per- flow monotonically increasing value selection, the router 13 leverages this fact to determine packet loss by analyzing the identification field 26 of each packet identified by flow classifier X. In other words, the router 13 can monitor values of received packets to identify missing values, from which the router can infer the loss of one or more packets. For example, when the router 13 observes that none of the received packets include the value two (2), the router 13 infers that the second transferred packet has been lost.
Importantly, since the values in the identification field are sixteen-bit values and increment by one like RTP sequence numbers, the router 13 may use the exact same algorithms used for calculating RTP metrics. In other words, generally speaking any hardware or software that receives RTP sequence numbers and outputs RTP metrics is compatible and can be directly fed the values from the identification fields of the IP packets. This feature is illustrated in greater detail later with reference to FIG. 9.
Referring still to FIG. 1, information about the packet loss is included in the loss metrics 15 that arc preferably transferred from the router 13 to a remote management device for correlation and aggregation. For scalability reasons and to minimize the amount of bandwidth consumed by transferring the loss metrics 15 to the remote management device, the router 13 may perform any of the techniques for monitoring real-time multimedia streams
using Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP) tunneling as described in US Patent Application 11/761,679, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. The remote management device can then compare the loss metrics 15 to other loss metrics from other on-path network devices to determine what portion of the network 12 is associated with packet loss. This information may be used by the management device to reconfigure network devices, to notify an administrative user, or to perform other operations.
Although the router 13 is described as monitoring packet loss for media flows originating from endpoints using a monotonically increasing value selection it should be apparent that the router 13 can also be configured to monitor packet loss when other patterns of value selection are used (although use of other patterns will not necessary allow for leveraging of existing RTP metric calculation algorithms). For example, the router 13 can also observe packet loss by using identification fields 26 when an endpoint uses monotonically decreasing value selection or any other value selection method as long as that criterion is known to the router 13. Although the packets in the media flow 21 A are IP packets, it should be apparent that the router 13 can output flow metrics for packets sent using other protocols that define an identification field or other field used for indicating values used during fragmentation and reassembly.
FIG. 2 illustrates an example IP version Four (IPv4) header that is analyzed by the router illustrated in FIG. 1 during the flow monitoring.
The IPv4 header 29 includes the sixteen bit identification field 26 conventionally used for denoting the packet identifiers that are used for indicating an association between packet fragments during reassembly. The header 29 also includes a version field 31, an IP header length field 32, a type of service field 33, a total length field 34, a flags field 36, a fragment offset field 37, a time to live field 38, a protocol field 39, a header checksum field 40, a
source address field 41 and a destination address field 42. The source address field 41 and the destination address field 42 include the addresses that are combinable with the UDP port numbers included in the UDP header to constitute the flow classifier X (FIG. 1). The flags field 36 includes a one bit field 35 used by an cndpoint for indicating "Don't Fragment" (DF).
Referring again to FIG. 2, the fragment offset field 37 is conventionally used by a fragmenting device to insert a byte count from the start of the first fragmented packet sent by the fragmenting device. This byte count is used by a destination endpoint to reassemble received fragmented packets in order according to the respective byte counts so that the original pre- fragmented packet can be restored.
FIG. 3 illustrates an example method for using the router illustrated in FIG. 1.
In block 301, the router 13 receives a flow of packets sent using IP or another protocol that includes fields to be accessed during fragmentation and to be used for correlating packet fragments during reassembly. When the protocol is IPv4, the fields are sixteen bit identification fields.
In block 302, the router 13 determines whether the flow of packets is monitorable according to a do not fragment bit setting or other means. When the flow does not prohibit fragmentation, in block 303 A the router 13 forwards the flow of packets without performing flow monitoring.
When the flow requests no fragmentation, the router 13 identifies how a remote network device selects values for including into the fields in block 3O3B. The router 13 may access an input received during pre-configuration of the router 13 by a user, access an indication transferred from the remote network device, access a field included in one or more of the packets, or analyze empirical analysis of the flow or of other flows transferred from the
remote network device, etc. The router 13 then analyzes the values included in the fields according to the identified selection method (preferably a monotonically or by one increasing selection pattern) to identify lost packets in block 304. The router 13 may output loss metrics for the flow of packets to a user or a remote management device in block 305.
FIG. 4 illustrates another example router for reformatting an IP flow to allow other on-path network devices to monitor the reformatted flow regardless of source endpoint behavior.
In the system 101, a network device in close logical proximity to the endpoint 61, such as a first hop router 62, reformats the values included in the identification field 26 when the originating endpoint formats the flow 51 A using a method other than monotonically increasing selection. In this example, the endpoint 61 assigns a value of fifty (50) to the first transferred packet, a value of one hundred (100) to the second transferred packet and a value of one hundred and fifty (150) to the third transferred packet.
The router 62 receives the flow 51 A and according to software 64 determines whether the flow 51 A requires fragmentation or not before formatting different values into the fragmentation field 26. For example, real-time multimedia flows such as IPTV media flows normally do not use fragmentation. The router 62 makes this determination using any method, for example, by analyzing whether the "Do Not Fragment" bit is set in the IP header in the header data 23. Alternatively the router 62 may make this determination according to received signaling indicating that flow monitoring may be performed for this flow 51 A having flow classifier Y or by accessing a local memory indicating that flow monitoring may be performed for this flow 5 IA.
When the flow 51 A is a type that may be monitored, the router 62 reformats the identification field 26 of each packet having the common flow classifier Y to correspond with
a value from a sixteen-bit counter 63. For example, the value of fifty (50) is replaced with the value of one ("0000 0000 0000 0001" or "1") from the counter 63. The counter 63 is incremented and the next counter value of two ("0000 0000 0000 0010" or "2") is used to overwrite the identification field 26 of the next packet and so on and so forth. The resulting flow 5 IB of reformatted packets includes identification fields 26 containing values that monotonically increase per packet similar to how sequence numbers in an RTP flow work. Accordingly, another on-path network device that includes the software 14 (FIG. 1 ) can output loss metrics for the reformatted media flow 5 IB. Replacing non-monotonically increasing values in the identification fields 26 with monotonically increasing values is preferred so that existing RTP metric engines can be leveraged as will be explained in greater detail with reference to FIG. 9.
Although in the present embodiment a network device remote from the endpoint 61 is used to reformat the identification fields 26, in other embodiments signaling may be used to control how the endpoint 61 selects values for inserting into identification fields 26. When the endpoint 61 is controlled using signaling, the router 62 may include the software 14 (FIG. 1) instead of the software 64 and the counter 63.
FIG. 5 illustrates an example method for using the router illustrated in FIG. 4.
In block 501, the router 62 receives a flow of packets sent using IP or another protocol that includes fields to be accessed during fragmentation and to be used for correlating packet fragments during reassembly. When the protocol is IPv4, the fields are sixteen bit identification fields.
In block 502, the router 62 determines whether the flow of packets is monitorable according to a do not fragment bit setting or other means. When the flow does not prohibit
fragmentation, in block 503 A the router 62 forwards the flow of packets without formatting the fields.
When the flow requests no fragmentation, in block 503B the router 62 formats the fields with sequence numbers or other monotonically increasing values before forwarding the flow of packets. In block 504, the router 62 may send an indication to one or more other network devices also located on the data path that the fields include the sequence numbers.
FIG. 6 illustrates yet another example router for reformatting an IP flow to allow other on-path network devices to measure latency for the reformatted flow.
In the system 102, a device close to a transmitting endpoint (transmitting endpoint not shown), such as a first hop router 82, reformats the fragment offset fields 37 with values from a clock 83. The timestamps or other clock values in the fragment offset fields 37 are used by other on-path devices such as monitoring router 92 to output metrics 95 that include latency measurements in addition to, or instead of, the loss information.
For example, the router 82 receives a flow 71 A of packets each having header data 23 including a fragment offset field 37 and information combinable with UDP port numbers to constitute a flow classifier Z. When the fragment offset field 37 is set to zero indicating that the packets have not been fragmented and the router 82 is preconfϊgured with knowledge that other devices on the data path are compatible with the timestamp reformatting, the router 82 begins reformatting the field 37 with values from the clock 83. Accordingly, the fragmentation offset field 37 for the first packet in the outputted flow 71 B indicates the time value Tl and the second packet in the flow 71B indicates the time value T2.
Another device on the data path, such as monitoring router 92, receives the flow 72 and observes the timestamp values Tl and T2 included in the fragmentation offset fields 37. According to the observed timestamp values Tl and T2 and an input (such as signaling from
router 82) that indicates to the monitoring router 92 the format and a time reference for the timestamp values, the monitoring router 92 identifies latency measurements. The time reference refers to a type of timestamp used, such as sixty-four (64) bit Network Time Protocol (NTP) timestamps, and the format refers to which subset of the sixty- four (64) bit is inserted into the thirteen (13) bit fragment offset field. A preferred format uses the thirteen (13) bit subset starting at bit thirty-one (31) and ending at bit forty-three (43) providing coverage of two (2) seconds with a resolution of approximately two-hundred and forty-five (245) microseconds. Other time references and subsets are possible.
These latency measurements can be quasi RTP latency measurements that indicate how much time it takes for a packet to travel from a device close to the source to other devices on the data path. This latency information can be output in metrics 95 for aggregation, which can be used to determine which portion of the network is causing the largest delay.
In other embodiments, the source device inserts the timestamps rather than an intermediary device. Also, the system preferably includes a last hop device or some other device close to the destination endpoint that resets the values in the fragmentation offset fields 37 to a zero byte count for compatibility reasons. This may occur in conjunction with measuring latency at the last hop device. Destination endpoints may also include software for ignoring the fragmentation offset fields when the "do not fragment" flag is set so that writing zero values into these fields is unnecessary.
FIG. 7 illustrates an example method for using the router illustrated in FIG. 6.
In block 701, the router 82 receives a flow of packets sent using IP or another protocol that includes fields to be formatted with a byte count during fragmentation and to be
used during reassembly. When the protocol is IPv4, the fields are the fragmentation offset fields.
In block 702, the router 82 determines whether the flow of packets is monitorable according to a do not fragment bit setting or other means. When the flow does not prohibit fragmentation, in block 703 A the router 82 forwards the flow of packets without reformatting the fields with timestamp values.
When the flow requests no fragmentation, in block 703B the router 82 formats the fields with timestamp values before forwarding the flow of packets. In block 704, the router 82 may send an indication to one or more other devices located on the data path that the fields include the time stamps.
In addition to the above-described functionality, it should be apparent that the router 82 may also include the functionality illustrated in FIG. 5. For brevity the functionality illustrated in FlG. 5 is not repeated in FIG. 7.
FIG. 8 illustrates an example method for using a monitoring device illustrated in FIG. 6.
In block 801, the router 92 receives a flow of packets sent using IP or another protocol that includes fields to be formatted with a byte count during fragmentation and to be used during reassembly. When the protocol is IP, the fields are the fragmentation offset fields.
In block 802, the router 92 receives an indication of whether the fields have been formatted with timestamp values. The indication may be received during pre-configuration of the router 92 by a user, the indication may be transferred from a remote network device, the indication may be included in one or more of the packets, the indication may be based on empirical analysis of the flow or of other flows transferred from the remote network device,
etc. The router 92 may also simply check the fields for timestamp values when the packets request no fragmentation. The router 92 then analyzes the timestamp values included in the fields to measure latency for the flow of packets in block 803. The router 92 may output metrics including the latency measurements to a user or a remote management device in block 804.
In addition to the above-described functionality, it should be apparent that the router 92 may also include the functionality illustrated in FIG. 3. For brevity the functionality illustrated in FIG. 3 is not repeated in FIG. 8.
FIG. 9 illustrates an example device that leverages a Real-Time Protocol (RTP) metrics calculation engine to determine quasi RTP metrics for a non-RTP flow.
The device 90 includes software 89 for feeding information extracted from non-RTP media flows into an RTP metrics calculation engine 99. This leverages the engine 99 that is capable of calculating RTP metrics for RTP media flows to also calculate quasi RTP flow metrics for non-RTP media flows.
For example, the inputs 86, 87 and 88 respectively include flow classifier information extracted from addressing fields of packets in an IP media flow, quasi sequence number values extracted from identification fields of the IP packets and timestamp values extracted from fragment offset fields of the IP packets. These inputs 86, 87 and 88 are fed into the engine 99 in a similar fashion to how information extracted from an RTP media flow is fed into the engine 99. The engine 99 processes the inputs 86, 87 and 88 similarly to how RTP information is processed, and outputs quasi RTP metrics including packet loss information 97 and latency information 98. In other embodiments the device 90 receives a subset of the inputs 86, 87 and 88 and outputs a subset of the outputs 97 and 98.
The engine 99 may process RTP algorithms such as those disclosed in Request For Comment (RFC) 3550 and 3611, which are herein incorporated by reference for all purposes and are publicly available on the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) website. The engine 99 may utilize any other RTP algorithms and RTP resources to output the quasi RTP metrics for the IP media flow.
The specific examples herein describe routers outputting flow metrics and reformatting fields. It should be apparent that in other examples any network devices on a data path may perform the functionality described herein, including but not limited to, switches, gateways, call management devices, Network Address Translation (NATs), firewalls and other security devices, etc. The reformatting routers may include functionality to measure flows, and the measuring routers may include functionality for reformatting flows. Reformatting routers may reformat fragment offset fields and identification fields, or only one type.
Several preferred examples have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. Various other examples of the invention are also possible and practical. The system may be exemplified in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the examples set forth above.
The figures listed above illustrate preferred examples of the application and the operation of such examples. In the figures, the size of the boxes is not intended to represent the size of the various physical components. Where the same element appears in multiple figures, the same reference numeral is used to denote the element in all of the figures where it appears.
Only those parts of the various units are shown and described which are necessary to convey an understanding of the examples to those skilled in the art. Those parts and elements not shown are conventional and known in the art.
The system described above can use dedicated processor systems, micro controllers, programmable logic devices, or microprocessors that perform some or all of the operations. Some of the operations described above may be implemented in software and other operations may be implemented in hardware.
For the sake of convenience, the operations are described as various interconnected functional blocks or distinct software modules. This is not necessary, however, and there may be cases where these functional blocks or modules are equivalently aggregated into a single logic device, program or operation with unclear boundaries. In any event, the functional blocks and software modules or features of the flexible interface can be implemented by themselves, or in combination with other operations in either hardware or software.
Having described and illustrated the principles of the invention in a preferred embodiment thereof, it should be apparent that the invention may be modified in arrangement and detail without departing from such principles. I claim all modifications and variation coming within the spirit and scope of the following claims.
Claims
1. A method, comprising: receiving an input indicating how a remote network device populates fields designated to be accessed during fragmentation and reassembly; receiving a flow of packets that are transferred by the remote network device and that include the populated fields; analyzing different values included in the fields to identify metrics for the received flow of packets; and outputting the metrics for the received flow of packets.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising: wherein the different values are each sixteen-bit values; and processing the sixteen-bit values using one or more Real-Time Protocol (RTP) metrics algorithms to identify the metrics for the received flow that is a non-RTP flow.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising: determining whether the flow of packets requests no fragmentation; and analyzing the different values when the flow of packets requests no fragmentation.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising overwriting unique identifiers included in the fields with the different values before forwarding the flow of packets towards a destination endpoint.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the different values comprise sequence numbers.
6. A system comprising: means for identifying packet fields for specifying unique identifiers initially designated for use during correlation and reassembly of fragmented messages; means for formatting the identified packet fields with different values before forwarding packets having the packet fields; and means for analyzing the different values after the packets are forwarded to identify lost ones of the forwarded packets.
7. The system of claim 6 further comprising: means for determining whether the packets request no fragmentation; and means for formatting the identified packet fields with different values only when the packets request no fragmentation.
8. The system of claim 6 further comprising means for replacing unique identifiers included in the identified packet fields with the different values at a forwarding device located remotely with respect to a transmitting source that formats the fields with the unique identifiers.
9. The system of claim 6 further comprising means for replacing fragmentation offset values included in the packets with timestamp values at an intermediary device located on a data path for the packets.
10. The system of claim 9 further comprising means for replacing the timestamp values with zero values before the packets are received on a destination cndpoint.
11. The system of claim 9 further comprising means for determining latency information for the packets according to the inserted timestamp values.
12. An apparatus comprising: one or more processors; and a memory coupled to the processors comprising instructions executable by the processors, the processors operable when executing the instructions to: receive a stream of packets sent using a protocol that supports fragmentation, the packets including fields designated by the protocol for use during packet fragmentation and packet reassembly; identify a pattern used for selecting different values to include into the fields; and analyze the different values included in the fields according to the identified pattern to measure packet loss for the stream.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the protocol is the Internet Protocol (IP) and the fields are sixteen-bit identifier fields.
14. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the processors are further operable to analyze the different values included in the fields only when the identified pattern is a monotonically increasing selection pattern.
15. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the processors are further operable to identify the pattern according to a pre-configuring input specifying that a source endpoint for the stream of packets uses the identified pattern.
16. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the processors are further operable to identify the pattern during a signaling exchange with a remote forwarding device that is located on a data path for the stream of packets and that reformats the fields using monotonically increasing sixteen-bit values.
17. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the processors are further operable to analyze the different values to determine packet loss for the stream only when a do not fragment bit is set in the packets.
18. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the processors are operable to output a communication that identifies the packet loss for accumulation with loss metrics output by remote network devices located on a data path for the stream of packets.
19. The apparatus of claim 12 further comprising: an RTP metrics calculation engine; and wherein the processors are further operable to feed the different values into the RTP metrics calculation engine when the protocol is the Internet Protocol (IP).
20. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the processors are further operable to analyze the different values to determine packet loss when a setting included in a local memory or received signaling requests flow monitoring for the stream.
21. An apparatus comprising: one or more processors; and a memory coupied to the processors comprising instructions executable by the processors, the processors operable when executing the instructions to: receive a stream of packets sent using a protocol that supports fragmentation, the packets including fields designated by the protocol for use during packet fragmentation and packet reassembly; and format the fields that are designated by the protocol for use during packet fragmentation and packet reassembly with timestamp values before forwarding the stream of packets.
22. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein the processors are further operable to: determine whether the stream of packets requests no fragmentation; and format the fields with timestamp values before forwarding the stream of packets only when the stream of packets requests no fragmentation.
23. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein the processors are further operable to forward the stream of packets without formatting the fields when stream of packets does not request no fragmentation.
24. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein the apparatus inserts the timestamp values in an ordering that allows a remote network device to measure latency for the stream of packets by reading the fields designated by the protocol for use during packet fragmentation and packet reassembly.
25. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein the timestamp values correspond to a subset of bits from Network Time Protocol (NTP) timestamps.
26. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein the fields are thirteen bit fields and the subsets of bits correspond to a range including the thirty- first and forty-third bits of the NTP timestamps.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP08781318A EP2243252B1 (en) | 2007-07-06 | 2008-07-03 | Quasi rtp metrics for non-rtp media flows |
CN200880023512.2A CN102017562B (en) | 2007-07-06 | 2008-07-03 | Quasi RTP metrics for non-RTP media flows |
AT08781318T ATE533278T1 (en) | 2007-07-06 | 2008-07-03 | QUASI-RTP METRICS FOR NON-RTP MEDIA STREAMS |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/774,343 | 2007-07-06 | ||
US11/774,343 US7817546B2 (en) | 2007-07-06 | 2007-07-06 | Quasi RTP metrics for non-RTP media flows |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009009404A2 true WO2009009404A2 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
WO2009009404A3 WO2009009404A3 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
Family
ID=40221332
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2008/069120 WO2009009404A2 (en) | 2007-07-06 | 2008-07-03 | Quasi rtp metrics for non-rtp media flows |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7817546B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2243252B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102017562B (en) |
AT (1) | ATE533278T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009009404A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8966551B2 (en) | 2007-11-01 | 2015-02-24 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Locating points of interest using references to media frames within a packet flow |
US9197857B2 (en) | 2004-09-24 | 2015-11-24 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | IP-based stream splicing with content-specific splice points |
US8854465B1 (en) | 2007-01-08 | 2014-10-07 | Jason Charles McIntyre | Vehicle security surveillance system and method for surveillance of a vehicle |
US8023419B2 (en) | 2007-05-14 | 2011-09-20 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Remote monitoring of real-time internet protocol media streams |
US7936695B2 (en) * | 2007-05-14 | 2011-05-03 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Tunneling reports for real-time internet protocol media streams |
US7835406B2 (en) | 2007-06-18 | 2010-11-16 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Surrogate stream for monitoring realtime media |
KR101161345B1 (en) * | 2009-09-09 | 2012-06-29 | 한국인터넷진흥원 | Device for generating statistical information for analyzing VoIP traffic and detecting abnormal VoIP, and method for generating the information |
US8301982B2 (en) * | 2009-11-18 | 2012-10-30 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | RTP-based loss recovery and quality monitoring for non-IP and raw-IP MPEG transport flows |
US8819714B2 (en) | 2010-05-19 | 2014-08-26 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Ratings and quality measurements for digital broadcast viewers |
US20130155918A1 (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2013-06-20 | Nokia Siemens Networks Oy | Techniques To Enhance Header Compression Efficiency And Enhance Mobile Node Security |
US9054967B1 (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2015-06-09 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Timestamping packets in a network |
EP2830275A1 (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2015-01-28 | Thomson Licensing | Method of identification of multimedia flows and corresponding apparatus |
US10645013B2 (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2020-05-05 | Nicira, Inc | Data flow identifiers |
CN106301987B (en) | 2015-06-03 | 2020-02-14 | 华为技术有限公司 | Message loss detection method, device and system |
US10148543B2 (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2018-12-04 | EMC IP Holding Company LLC | Connection-oriented communication devices with round trip time estimation |
US11108675B2 (en) | 2018-10-31 | 2021-08-31 | Keysight Technologies, Inc. | Methods, systems, and computer readable media for testing effects of simulated frame preemption and deterministic fragmentation of preemptable frames in a frame-preemption-capable network |
US10728134B2 (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2020-07-28 | Keysight Technologies, Inc. | Methods, systems, and computer readable media for measuring delivery latency in a frame-preemption-capable network |
Family Cites Families (132)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3374109D1 (en) | 1983-10-28 | 1987-11-19 | Ibm | Method of recovering lost information in a digital speech transmission system, and transmission system using said method |
US4788656A (en) | 1984-05-25 | 1988-11-29 | The Johns Hopkins University | Cache memory and pre-processor |
US4996663A (en) | 1988-02-02 | 1991-02-26 | Bell Communications Research, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for decontaminating hash tables |
DE69324204T2 (en) | 1992-10-22 | 1999-12-23 | Cabletron Systems Inc | Searching for addresses during packet transmission using hashing and a content-addressed memory |
US5450449A (en) | 1994-03-14 | 1995-09-12 | At&T Ipm Corp. | Linear prediction coefficient generation during frame erasure or packet loss |
US5574825A (en) | 1994-03-14 | 1996-11-12 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Linear prediction coefficient generation during frame erasure or packet loss |
US5617421A (en) | 1994-06-17 | 1997-04-01 | Cisco Systems, Inc. | Extended domain computer network using standard links |
US5699478A (en) | 1995-03-10 | 1997-12-16 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Frame erasure compensation technique |
US5699485A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1997-12-16 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Pitch delay modification during frame erasures |
US6883034B1 (en) | 1995-06-23 | 2005-04-19 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Method of resolving conflicts in access control lists in router by comparing elements in the lists based on subsumption relations |
US5802302A (en) | 1995-06-29 | 1998-09-01 | International Business Machines Corporation | System and method for response time measurement in high speed data transmission networks |
JP3420664B2 (en) | 1995-12-20 | 2003-06-30 | 株式会社東芝 | Packet transmitting node device, packet receiving node device, and connection setting method |
US5898837A (en) | 1996-02-23 | 1999-04-27 | Bay Networks, Inc. | Method and apparatus for monitoring a dedicated communications medium in a switched data network |
US6243667B1 (en) | 1996-05-28 | 2001-06-05 | Cisco Systems, Inc. | Network flow switching and flow data export |
US5943347A (en) | 1996-06-07 | 1999-08-24 | Silicon Graphics, Inc. | Apparatus and method for error concealment in an audio stream |
US5806086A (en) | 1996-06-11 | 1998-09-08 | Data General Corporation | Multiprocessor memory controlling system associating a write history bit (WHB) with one or more memory locations in controlling and reducing invalidation cycles over the system bus |
US5842040A (en) | 1996-06-18 | 1998-11-24 | Storage Technology Corporation | Policy caching method and apparatus for use in a communication device based on contents of one data unit in a subset of related data units |
US6275861B1 (en) | 1996-09-27 | 2001-08-14 | Pmc-Sierra, Inc. | Method and apparatus to identify flows in data systems |
US5995488A (en) | 1996-10-08 | 1999-11-30 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Method and apparatus for regulating data flow in networks |
CA2276202C (en) | 1997-04-23 | 2000-12-19 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Methods for concealing errors in an audio data stream |
IL120788A (en) | 1997-05-06 | 2000-07-16 | Audiocodes Ltd | Systems and methods for encoding and decoding speech for lossy transmission networks |
US6356545B1 (en) | 1997-08-08 | 2002-03-12 | Clarent Corporation | Internet telephone system with dynamically varying codec |
US20020150050A1 (en) | 1999-06-17 | 2002-10-17 | Nathanson Martin D. | Automotive telemetry protocol |
US5995971A (en) | 1997-09-18 | 1999-11-30 | Micdrosoft Corporation | Apparatus and accompanying methods, using a trie-indexed hierarchy forest, for storing wildcard-based patterns and, given an input key, retrieving, from the forest, a stored pattern that is identical to or more general than the key |
US5956721A (en) | 1997-09-19 | 1999-09-21 | Microsoft Corporation | Method and computer program product for classifying network communication packets processed in a network stack |
US6341130B1 (en) | 1998-02-09 | 2002-01-22 | Lucent Technologies, Inc. | Packet classification method and apparatus employing two fields |
US6185208B1 (en) | 1998-04-30 | 2001-02-06 | Phone.Com, Inc. | Method and apparatus for fragmenting messages for a wireless network using group sharing of reference numbers |
CN1126076C (en) | 1998-05-27 | 2003-10-29 | Ntt移动通信网株式会社 | Sound decorder and sound decording method |
US6507562B1 (en) | 1998-06-30 | 2003-01-14 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Dynamic optimization for receivers using distance between a repair head and a member station in a repair group for receivers having a closely knit topological arrangement to locate repair heads near the member stations which they serve in tree based repair in reliable multicast protocol |
WO2000003516A1 (en) | 1998-07-08 | 2000-01-20 | Broadcom Corporation | Network switching architecture with multiple table synchronization, and forwarding of both ip and ipx packets |
US6438695B1 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 2002-08-20 | 3Com Corporation | Secure wiretap support for internet protocol security |
US6542508B1 (en) | 1998-12-17 | 2003-04-01 | Watchguard Technologies, Inc. | Policy engine using stream classifier and policy binding database to associate data packet with appropriate action processor for processing without involvement of a host processor |
US7248682B1 (en) | 1998-12-22 | 2007-07-24 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Dial plan mapper |
US6801496B1 (en) | 1999-01-15 | 2004-10-05 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Network addressing scheme for reducing protocol overhead in an optical network |
US6611502B1 (en) | 1999-01-15 | 2003-08-26 | 3Com Corportion | Spanning tree with rapid propagation of topology changes |
US6314095B1 (en) | 1999-02-11 | 2001-11-06 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for a high-speed multimedia content switch with compressed internet protocol header |
JP3743194B2 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 2006-02-08 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Packet relay device |
US6741600B1 (en) | 1999-06-28 | 2004-05-25 | Omnia Communications, Inc. | Rapid call establishment in ATM rings |
US6671722B1 (en) | 1999-07-08 | 2003-12-30 | Intel Corporation | Stack-less, CPU-less creation of valid SNMP-trap packets |
US6449656B1 (en) | 1999-07-30 | 2002-09-10 | Intel Corporation | Storing a frame header |
US7010611B1 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2006-03-07 | Converged Access, Inc. | Bandwidth management system with multiple processing engines |
US6687360B2 (en) | 1999-12-30 | 2004-02-03 | At&T Corp. | Personal IP follow-me service |
US6760309B1 (en) | 2000-03-28 | 2004-07-06 | 3Com Corporation | Method of dynamic prioritization of time sensitive packets over a packet based network |
US7436830B2 (en) | 2000-04-03 | 2008-10-14 | P-Cube Ltd. | Method and apparatus for wire-speed application layer classification of upstream and downstream data packets |
US6757654B1 (en) | 2000-05-11 | 2004-06-29 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson | Forward error correction in speech coding |
US7075926B2 (en) | 2000-05-24 | 2006-07-11 | Alcatel Internetworking, Inc. (Pe) | Programmable packet processor with flow resolution logic |
US6658000B1 (en) | 2000-06-01 | 2003-12-02 | Aerocast.Com, Inc. | Selective routing |
US6928482B1 (en) | 2000-06-29 | 2005-08-09 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for scalable process flow load balancing of a multiplicity of parallel packet processors in a digital communication network |
US6801525B1 (en) | 2000-07-11 | 2004-10-05 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Internet protocol packet router |
JP2002077251A (en) * | 2000-08-28 | 2002-03-15 | Nec Corp | Data transmission system, data repeater system and method therefor |
US20020194361A1 (en) | 2000-09-22 | 2002-12-19 | Tomoaki Itoh | Data transmitting/receiving method, transmitting device, receiving device, transmiting/receiving system, and program |
EP1199709A1 (en) | 2000-10-20 | 2002-04-24 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson | Error Concealment in relation to decoding of encoded acoustic signals |
US20020075895A1 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2002-06-20 | Takao Yamaguchi | Transmission rate controller and transmission rate control method |
US6854117B1 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2005-02-08 | Caspian Networks, Inc. | Parallel network processor array |
US7583796B2 (en) | 2000-11-30 | 2009-09-01 | Fujitsu Limited | Apparatus and method for generating a data distribution route |
US6876669B2 (en) * | 2001-01-08 | 2005-04-05 | Corrigent Systems Ltd. | Packet fragmentation with nested interruptions |
US6868069B2 (en) | 2001-01-16 | 2005-03-15 | Networks Associates Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for passively calculating latency for a network appliance |
US7225259B2 (en) | 2001-02-21 | 2007-05-29 | Nokia Inc. | Service tunnel over a connectionless network |
US7055174B1 (en) | 2001-02-26 | 2006-05-30 | Sprint Spectrum L.P. | Method and system for wiretapping of packet-based communications |
EP1244250A1 (en) | 2001-03-21 | 2002-09-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and telecommunication system for monitoring data streams in a data network |
US7139242B2 (en) | 2001-03-28 | 2006-11-21 | Proficient Networks, Inc. | Methods, apparatuses and systems facilitating deployment, support and configuration of network routing policies |
US6909702B2 (en) | 2001-03-28 | 2005-06-21 | Qualcomm, Incorporated | Method and apparatus for out-of-band transmission of broadcast service option in a wireless communication system |
JP2002300274A (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-10-11 | Fujitsu Ltd | Gateway device and voice data transfer method |
US7269157B2 (en) | 2001-04-10 | 2007-09-11 | Internap Network Services Corporation | System and method to assure network service levels with intelligent routing |
JP4340400B2 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2009-10-07 | 富士通株式会社 | Packet transfer method in layered packet network, layered packet communication system, edge node and mobile terminal used in the system, and packet transfer method in layered packet network |
US6532743B1 (en) | 2001-04-30 | 2003-03-18 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Ultra low NOx emissions combustion system for gas turbine engines |
US20030023710A1 (en) | 2001-05-24 | 2003-01-30 | Andrew Corlett | Network metric system |
JP3931595B2 (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2007-06-20 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Data correction apparatus and data correction method |
US7013267B1 (en) | 2001-07-30 | 2006-03-14 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for reconstructing voice information |
US6643274B2 (en) | 2001-08-31 | 2003-11-04 | The Boeing Company | Routing IP packets to an aircraft |
US7633942B2 (en) | 2001-10-15 | 2009-12-15 | Avaya Inc. | Network traffic generation and monitoring systems and methods for their use in testing frameworks for determining suitability of a network for target applications |
US7457862B2 (en) | 2001-10-22 | 2008-11-25 | Avaya, Inc. | Real time control protocol session matching |
US20040264433A1 (en) | 2001-11-06 | 2004-12-30 | Diego Melpignano | Wireless communication arrangements with header compression |
US20030117959A1 (en) | 2001-12-10 | 2003-06-26 | Igor Taranov | Methods and apparatus for placement of test packets onto a data communication network |
CA2365430A1 (en) | 2001-12-19 | 2003-06-19 | Alcatel Canada Inc. | System and method for collecting statistics for a communication network |
US7062689B2 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2006-06-13 | Arm Limited | Method and apparatus for memory self testing |
US7376731B2 (en) * | 2002-01-29 | 2008-05-20 | Acme Packet, Inc. | System and method for providing statistics gathering within a packet network |
US7154855B2 (en) | 2002-02-27 | 2006-12-26 | Mci, Llc | Method and system for determining dropped frame rates over a packet switched transport |
AU2003228415A1 (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2003-10-13 | Network Genomics, Inc. | Systems and methods for end-to-end quality of service measurements in a distributed network environment |
DE60202129T2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2005-04-07 | Alcatel | Method for allocating channel capacity to communication links |
US20030204617A1 (en) | 2002-04-24 | 2003-10-30 | Intelsat | Satellite internet communication system and method |
US7623477B2 (en) | 2002-05-06 | 2009-11-24 | Qualcomm, Incorporated | Methods and apparatus for downlink macro-diversity in cellular networks |
JP4000905B2 (en) * | 2002-05-22 | 2007-10-31 | ソニー株式会社 | Information processing system and method, information processing apparatus and method, recording medium, and program |
US6741595B2 (en) | 2002-06-11 | 2004-05-25 | Netrake Corporation | Device for enabling trap and trace of internet protocol communications |
US7555562B2 (en) | 2002-06-27 | 2009-06-30 | Alcatel Lucent | Method and apparatus for mirroring traffic over a network |
US20040203787A1 (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2004-10-14 | Siamak Naghian | System and method for reverse handover in mobile mesh Ad-Hoc networks |
AU2002314458A1 (en) | 2002-07-04 | 2004-01-23 | Nokia Corporation | Managing a packet switched conference call |
US7286467B1 (en) | 2002-07-12 | 2007-10-23 | Nortel Networks Limited | Failure protection for packet telephony |
US6985459B2 (en) | 2002-08-21 | 2006-01-10 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Early transmission and playout of packets in wireless communication systems |
US7953841B2 (en) | 2002-08-22 | 2011-05-31 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Monitoring an RTP data stream based on a phone call |
US7406083B2 (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2008-07-29 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method for preserving the order of data packets processed along different processing paths |
US7305464B2 (en) | 2002-09-03 | 2007-12-04 | End Ii End Communications, Inc. | Systems and methods for broadband network optimization |
US8176154B2 (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2012-05-08 | Avaya Inc. | Instantaneous user initiation voice quality feedback |
US20040095894A1 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2004-05-20 | Jaana Eloranta | Method and system for handling connection information in a communication network |
WO2004056047A1 (en) | 2002-12-13 | 2004-07-01 | Internap Network Services Corporation | Topology aware route control |
US20060010243A1 (en) | 2003-01-06 | 2006-01-12 | Duree Albert D | Internet protocol network system for real-time data applications |
US7454494B1 (en) | 2003-01-07 | 2008-11-18 | Exfo Service Assurance Inc. | Apparatus and method for actively analyzing a data packet delivery path |
US6870905B2 (en) | 2003-03-04 | 2005-03-22 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Wiretap implemented by media gateway multicasting |
US7388947B2 (en) | 2003-03-14 | 2008-06-17 | Federal Bureau Of Investigation, The United States Of America As Represented By The Office Of The General Counsel | Controllable telecommunications switch reporting compatible with voice grade lines |
US7602728B2 (en) | 2003-06-12 | 2009-10-13 | Avaya Inc. | Method and apparatus for determination of network topology |
US7324499B1 (en) | 2003-06-30 | 2008-01-29 | Utstarcom, Inc. | Method and system for automatic call monitoring in a wireless network |
US7729267B2 (en) | 2003-11-26 | 2010-06-01 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for analyzing a media path in a packet switched network |
US20060031510A1 (en) | 2004-01-26 | 2006-02-09 | Forte Internet Software, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for enabling a dynamic network of interactors according to personal trust levels between interactors |
CN100583785C (en) | 2004-02-06 | 2010-01-20 | 阿派伦特网络股份有限公司 | Method and apparatus for characterizing an end-to-end path of a packet-based network |
US7477602B2 (en) | 2004-04-01 | 2009-01-13 | Telcordia Technologies, Inc. | Estimator for end-to-end throughput of wireless networks |
US7596096B2 (en) | 2004-04-29 | 2009-09-29 | Avaya Inc | Method and apparatus for providing trace route and timing information for media streams |
ATE405057T1 (en) | 2004-06-15 | 2008-08-15 | Dublin Inst Of Technology | SYSTEME DE SONDE SANS FIL POUR RESEAUX LOCAUX SANS FIL |
US7283619B2 (en) | 2004-06-15 | 2007-10-16 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | System and method for end-to-end communications tracing |
US7646729B2 (en) | 2004-06-17 | 2010-01-12 | Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc. | Method and apparatus for determination of network topology |
JP4526886B2 (en) | 2004-07-05 | 2010-08-18 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Radio apparatus, radio communication system control method, and radio communication system |
US7539187B2 (en) | 2004-07-07 | 2009-05-26 | Qvidium Technologies, Inc. | System and method for low-latency content-sensitive forward error correction |
US20060059411A1 (en) | 2004-09-16 | 2006-03-16 | Sony Corporation And Sony Electronics, Inc. | Method and system for increasing channel coding gain |
US8966551B2 (en) | 2007-11-01 | 2015-02-24 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Locating points of interest using references to media frames within a packet flow |
US7447978B2 (en) | 2004-11-16 | 2008-11-04 | Nokia Corporation | Buffering packets of a media stream |
US20060114855A1 (en) | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-01 | Haihong Zheng | Quality of service (QOS) signaling for a wireless network |
US7633879B2 (en) | 2004-12-13 | 2009-12-15 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for discovering the incoming media path for an internet protocol media session |
GB2425018A (en) | 2005-04-04 | 2006-10-11 | Agilent Technologies Inc | Method of sharing measurement data |
US7424016B2 (en) | 2005-04-05 | 2008-09-09 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Distributing a stream of packets across available output paths within a network |
US20060280207A1 (en) | 2005-06-08 | 2006-12-14 | Stephen Guarini | Distributed network monitoring system |
US20070036087A1 (en) | 2005-08-12 | 2007-02-15 | Per Kangru | Method and systems for optimization analysis in networks |
US8352590B2 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2013-01-08 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Method and system for network management using wire tapping |
US20070230486A1 (en) | 2006-03-29 | 2007-10-04 | Emile Zafirov | Communication and compliance monitoring system |
CN100588271C (en) | 2006-08-08 | 2010-02-03 | 安捷伦科技有限公司 | System and method for measuring video quality based on packet measurement and image measurement |
US7729381B2 (en) | 2006-09-15 | 2010-06-01 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | In-band media performance monitoring |
US8995252B2 (en) | 2006-10-29 | 2015-03-31 | FatPipe Networks | VoIP multiline failover |
US8059655B2 (en) | 2006-12-27 | 2011-11-15 | Newport Media, Inc. | Unified interfacing for DVB-T/H mobile TV applications |
US20080170117A1 (en) | 2007-01-11 | 2008-07-17 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | System for voice interception of video phone services in a multi-media network |
US7764971B2 (en) | 2007-03-08 | 2010-07-27 | Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc. | Control procedure for simultaneous media communications within a talk group in communication networks for public safety |
US7903655B2 (en) | 2007-04-19 | 2011-03-08 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Marked packet forwarding |
US7936695B2 (en) | 2007-05-14 | 2011-05-03 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Tunneling reports for real-time internet protocol media streams |
US8023419B2 (en) | 2007-05-14 | 2011-09-20 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Remote monitoring of real-time internet protocol media streams |
US7835406B2 (en) | 2007-06-18 | 2010-11-16 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Surrogate stream for monitoring realtime media |
-
2007
- 2007-07-06 US US11/774,343 patent/US7817546B2/en active Active
-
2008
- 2008-07-03 CN CN200880023512.2A patent/CN102017562B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-07-03 AT AT08781318T patent/ATE533278T1/en active
- 2008-07-03 EP EP08781318A patent/EP2243252B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-07-03 WO PCT/US2008/069120 patent/WO2009009404A2/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2243252A2 (en) | 2010-10-27 |
US20090010158A1 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
CN102017562A (en) | 2011-04-13 |
US7817546B2 (en) | 2010-10-19 |
EP2243252B1 (en) | 2011-11-09 |
CN102017562B (en) | 2014-09-03 |
ATE533278T1 (en) | 2011-11-15 |
WO2009009404A3 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7817546B2 (en) | Quasi RTP metrics for non-RTP media flows | |
US7936695B2 (en) | Tunneling reports for real-time internet protocol media streams | |
EP2398188B1 (en) | Method of Remote Active Testing of a Device or Network | |
US8023419B2 (en) | Remote monitoring of real-time internet protocol media streams | |
EP1341345B1 (en) | System and method for collecting statistics within a packet network | |
EP2477357B1 (en) | Traceroute delay diagnostic command | |
US7738383B2 (en) | Traceroute using address request messages | |
WO2021109610A1 (en) | Transmission quality test method and apparatus, system, and storage medium | |
US7706278B2 (en) | Triggering flow analysis at intermediary devices | |
KR102430960B1 (en) | Performance measurement in packet-switched communication networks | |
CN108141387B (en) | Length control for packet header samples | |
US7724779B2 (en) | Transmission system and control method | |
JP2023514790A (en) | NETWORK PERFORMANCE DETECTION METHOD AND DEVICE, AND NETWORK DEVICE | |
US7944840B2 (en) | Method for facilitating latency measurements using intermediate network devices between endpoint devices connected by a computer network | |
US11784895B2 (en) | Performance measurement in a packet-switched communication network | |
KR100708589B1 (en) | METHOD FOR MEASURING PACKET DELAY PER HOP BASIS USING TIME STAMP MESSAGE IN A IPv6 PACKET NETWORK | |
US20230031183A1 (en) | Processing of packets in a packet-switched communication network | |
JP2022025684A (en) | Network switch and IP flow monitoring system |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200880023512.2 Country of ref document: CN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 8186/DELNP/2009 Country of ref document: IN |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2008781318 Country of ref document: EP |