WO2009111687A3 - Virtual electronic switch system - Google Patents

Virtual electronic switch system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2009111687A3
WO2009111687A3 PCT/US2009/036302 US2009036302W WO2009111687A3 WO 2009111687 A3 WO2009111687 A3 WO 2009111687A3 US 2009036302 W US2009036302 W US 2009036302W WO 2009111687 A3 WO2009111687 A3 WO 2009111687A3
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switch
virtual electronic
electronic switch
interface
computer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2009/036302
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2009111687A2 (en
Inventor
Claudio R. Ballard
Original Assignee
Ballard Claudio R
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ballard Claudio R filed Critical Ballard Claudio R
Publication of WO2009111687A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009111687A2/en
Publication of WO2009111687A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009111687A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H36/00Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
    • H01H36/0006Permanent magnet actuating reed switches
    • H01H36/004Permanent magnet actuating reed switches push-button-operated, e.g. for keyboards
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H36/00Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
    • H01H36/0006Permanent magnet actuating reed switches
    • H01H36/006Permanent magnet actuating reed switches comprising a plurality of reed switches, e.g. selectors or joystick-operated
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/965Switches controlled by moving an element forming part of the switch
    • H03K17/968Switches controlled by moving an element forming part of the switch using opto-electronic devices
    • H03K17/969Switches controlled by moving an element forming part of the switch using opto-electronic devices having a plurality of control members, e.g. keyboard
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05GCONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G9/00Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
    • G05G9/02Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
    • G05G9/04Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
    • G05G9/047Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
    • G05G2009/04766Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks providing feel, e.g. indexing means, means to create counterforce

Landscapes

  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)
  • Switches With Compound Operations (AREA)

Abstract

A virtual electronic switch system for a vehicle is provided. In one example, the system includes a switch assembly, a switch interface, and a computer. The switch assembly provides actuators that interface with non-contact sensors in the switch interface. The computer is coupled to the switch interface and assigns functions to each of the actuators. The non-contact sensors detect movement of the actuators and signal the computer, which manipulates an electrical system in the vehicle based on the assigned function.
PCT/US2009/036302 2008-03-07 2009-03-06 Virtual electronic switch system WO2009111687A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US3489608P 2008-03-07 2008-03-07
US61/034,896 2008-03-07
US12/398,901 US7856158B2 (en) 2008-03-07 2009-03-05 Virtual electronic switch system
US12/398,901 2009-03-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009111687A2 WO2009111687A2 (en) 2009-09-11
WO2009111687A3 true WO2009111687A3 (en) 2012-05-18

Family

ID=41056663

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2009/036302 WO2009111687A2 (en) 2008-03-07 2009-03-06 Virtual electronic switch system

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (2) US7856158B2 (en)
WO (1) WO2009111687A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8303337B2 (en) 2007-06-06 2012-11-06 Veedims, Llc Hybrid cable for conveying data and power
US7940673B2 (en) 2007-06-06 2011-05-10 Veedims, Llc System for integrating a plurality of modules using a power/data backbone network
US7856158B2 (en) 2008-03-07 2010-12-21 Ballard Claudio R Virtual electronic switch system
US8111145B2 (en) 2008-03-07 2012-02-07 Veedims, Llc Starter control and indicator system
USD638033S1 (en) 2008-03-07 2011-05-17 Ballard Claudio R Air intake assembly
USD662869S1 (en) 2010-06-01 2012-07-03 Ballard Claudio R Automotive wheel center nut
FR2974661B1 (en) * 2011-04-26 2014-02-28 Eads Europ Aeronautic Defence MODULAR ELECTRONIC DETECTION DEVICE
US8976541B2 (en) 2011-08-31 2015-03-10 Potens Ip Holdings Llc Electrical power and data distribution apparatus
US9720469B2 (en) 2011-10-04 2017-08-01 Veedims, Llc System and method for auto-discovery and mapping of networked modules
US9485236B2 (en) 2012-11-14 2016-11-01 Verifyme, Inc. System and method for verified social network profile
US9250660B2 (en) 2012-11-14 2016-02-02 Laserlock Technologies, Inc. “HOME” button with integrated user biometric sensing and verification system for mobile device
US20180315562A1 (en) * 2017-04-26 2018-11-01 The Governors Of The University Of Alberta Light Switch Adapter

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6246808B1 (en) * 1999-05-21 2001-06-12 Trw Inc. Optical switch apparatus
US20020102047A1 (en) * 2000-08-25 2002-08-01 Corning Incorporated Micromechanical optical switch
US20030081886A1 (en) * 2001-10-31 2003-05-01 Kun-Tsan Wu Optical switch
US20060017326A1 (en) * 2004-07-20 2006-01-26 Hein David A Vehicular accessory control panel
US20060036335A1 (en) * 2004-08-10 2006-02-16 Banter Charles B Reconfigurable vehicle accessory control panel

Family Cites Families (309)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1308495A (en) * 1919-07-01 Planoqraph co
US1149583A (en) * 1911-04-06 1915-08-10 Lovell Mcconnell Mfg Co Signal device and projector therefor.
US1162421A (en) * 1913-12-18 1915-11-30 Allie R Welch Signal for automobiles.
US1205371A (en) * 1915-06-02 1916-11-21 Gordon E Marshall Siren.
US1267079A (en) * 1917-09-10 1918-05-21 George C Jensen Lever-mounting.
US1461457A (en) * 1921-06-06 1923-07-10 Percy F Rice Gear-shift lever
US1663026A (en) * 1922-09-11 1928-03-20 Flexo Motive Corp Transmission mechanism
US1848064A (en) 1927-07-11 1932-03-01 Trico Products Corp Truck mirror
US2009591A (en) * 1930-02-10 1935-07-30 Caterpillar Tractor Co Guide
US1828608A (en) * 1930-03-12 1931-10-20 Richard F Mack Interrupter for warning signals
US2026444A (en) * 1931-01-05 1935-12-31 Rolland S Trott Transmission gear shift mounting and connection
US2046779A (en) * 1934-09-14 1936-07-07 Dunlop Rubber Co Means for securing detachable road vehicle wheels
GB462033A (en) 1935-08-30 1937-03-01 Standard Pressed Steel Co An improved hinge and hinge mounting
US2136472A (en) * 1936-09-14 1938-11-15 Kelsey Hayes Wheel Co Brake drum cooling construction
US2180731A (en) 1937-03-27 1939-11-21 Anaconda Wire & Cable Co Combined power and communication cable
US2496700A (en) 1946-08-16 1950-02-07 Frederick A Cole Knob assembly
US2801118A (en) 1953-12-04 1957-07-30 United Carr Fastener Corp Knob assembly
US2786359A (en) 1955-01-14 1957-03-26 Panseal Inc Waterproof panel seal nut
US2881860A (en) 1955-04-11 1959-04-14 William A Ternes Air cleaner and silencer
US2897916A (en) 1957-04-10 1959-08-04 Gen Motors Corp Cleaning and silencing means
US3133741A (en) 1960-10-10 1964-05-19 Garabello Giuseppe Fuel tank control
GB981973A (en) * 1963-01-18 1965-02-03 Ford Motor Co Motor vehicle gearshift assembly
US3279834A (en) 1964-04-15 1966-10-18 Ford Motor Co Ball joint seal construction
US3264892A (en) * 1964-09-24 1966-08-09 Gen Motors Corp Transmission control linkage
US3259684A (en) 1965-03-19 1966-07-05 United States Steel Corp Shielded resin insulated electric cable
US3323609A (en) * 1965-07-22 1967-06-06 Gen Motors Corp Transmission control linkage
US3351364A (en) 1965-10-18 1967-11-07 Arthur M Warn Lockable hub
US3435701A (en) 1966-10-26 1969-04-01 Paul Bucher Safety steering wheel
US3433891A (en) 1966-12-29 1969-03-18 Gen Electric Graded insulated cable
GB1147301A (en) * 1967-01-26 1969-04-02 Vauxhall Motors Ltd Gearshift lever assemblies
US3440897A (en) * 1967-09-15 1969-04-29 Gen Motors Corp Energy absorbing steering wheel
US3641746A (en) 1969-09-08 1972-02-15 Chrysler Corp Carburetor air delivery system
DE2112452A1 (en) * 1970-03-16 1971-10-07 British Insulated Callenders Electric cable and process for its manufacture
US3691525A (en) 1971-05-27 1972-09-12 Rudolph M Mcclellan Sr Vehicle speed indicator system
US3800910A (en) * 1972-08-02 1974-04-02 Massey Ferguson Inc Apparatus for directing air flow and sound waves
US3831209A (en) 1973-08-14 1974-08-27 D Clingman Container support
DE2530594C3 (en) 1975-07-09 1979-02-08 Volkswagenwerk Ag, 3180 Wolfsburg steering wheel
GB1556161A (en) 1975-09-10 1979-11-21 Lucas Industries Ltd Electrically driven vehicles
US4138160A (en) * 1977-06-29 1979-02-06 Tru-Spoke, Inc. Simulated knock off spinner nut and adapter
JPS5815580Y2 (en) 1978-04-28 1983-03-29 日産自動車株式会社 Pantograph type opening/closing device
US4266438A (en) * 1979-07-16 1981-05-12 Dana Corporation Transmission shift control
US4354458A (en) * 1979-09-14 1982-10-19 David Brown Tractors, Ltd. Tractor engine air supply means
US4331209A (en) * 1980-02-29 1982-05-25 Clark Equipment Company Ventilation system for electric vehicles
US4333360A (en) * 1980-07-03 1982-06-08 Borg-Warner Corporation Transmission shift control apparatus
SU958180A2 (en) 1981-02-25 1982-09-15 Белорусский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Политехнический Институт Apparatus for controlling air-cooling system of brake mechanisms of vehicle
IT8153070V0 (en) 1981-04-01 1981-04-01 Lear Snc PREFORMED INTEGRAL COVERING PARTICULARLY FOR CONTROL LEVERS OF VEHICLE SPEED CHANGE INCORPORATING THE HANDLE KNOB AND THE LEVER JOINT PROTECTION SLEEVE
JPS58154023A (en) * 1982-03-09 1983-09-13 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Vibration insulating device of variable speed controlling lever
JPS58178423A (en) * 1982-04-14 1983-10-19 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Supporting structure of speed change gear operating lever
US4441382A (en) 1982-07-28 1984-04-10 Alex S. Reinharcz Enterprises, Inc. Steering wheel cover
AT385244B (en) * 1983-04-08 1988-03-10 Avl Verbrennungskraft Messtech EXHAUST PANEL
US4515393A (en) 1983-05-12 1985-05-07 Sauter Gary E Neon lighted roll bar
US4561325A (en) * 1983-10-20 1985-12-31 Dana Corporation Transmission and range box control
US4569245A (en) * 1983-12-07 1986-02-11 Jsj Corporation Drop-in type automotive transmission shifter
JPS6121843A (en) 1984-07-10 1986-01-30 Nippon Soken Inc Automatic resetting apparatus for appliance for crew
US4591211A (en) 1984-10-12 1986-05-27 Mr. Gasket Company Lockable central nut for vehicle wheel mounting
US4548166A (en) * 1985-01-07 1985-10-22 General Motors Corporation Engine air cleaner and duct arrangement
US4590339A (en) 1985-02-19 1986-05-20 Gravis Computer Peripherals Inc. Joystick
JPS6229481A (en) * 1985-07-30 1987-02-07 本田技研工業株式会社 Brake cooling structure of motorcycle
US4646864A (en) * 1985-10-07 1987-03-03 Chrysler Motors Corporation Integral silencer pad and water deflector
US4747636A (en) * 1985-10-26 1988-05-31 Mazda Motor Corporation Arrangement for forming vehicle bodies
US4771368A (en) 1986-02-17 1988-09-13 Yazaki Corporation Meter dial illuminating device
DE3613854C1 (en) * 1986-04-24 1987-02-12 Audi Ag Switching device
US4772299A (en) 1986-09-04 1988-09-20 Bogusz Terence J Debris separator for brake cooler
US4816730A (en) * 1986-12-22 1989-03-28 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Autosampler
US4825669A (en) 1987-01-23 1989-05-02 Ernest Herrera Wheel lug nut cover
GB2203483A (en) 1987-04-03 1988-10-19 Ford Motor Co A door hinge
US4778029A (en) 1987-04-29 1988-10-18 General Motors Coporation Engine air inlet and silencer for motor vehicle
US5195092A (en) * 1987-08-04 1993-03-16 Telaction Corporation Interactive multimedia presentation & communication system
US5064274A (en) 1987-08-26 1991-11-12 Siegel-Robert, Inc. Automatic automobile rear view mirror assembly
US4770522A (en) * 1987-11-02 1988-09-13 Siegel-Robert, Inc. Automobile mirror position sensor and adjuster assembly
JP2759461B2 (en) 1988-10-12 1998-05-28 ヤマハ発動機株式会社 Engine intake system
US4987522A (en) * 1988-12-21 1991-01-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho Illumination device and roof member for a forklift
US5022479A (en) * 1990-02-16 1991-06-11 Navistar International Transportation Corp. Motor vehicle engine air intake system including moisture elimination apparatus
US5057278A (en) * 1990-04-26 1991-10-15 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Sterile loop calibration system
DE4013848A1 (en) * 1990-04-30 1991-10-31 Vdo Schindling DEVICE FOR DAMPING THE SUCTION NOISE IN DIESEL ENGINES
US5133750A (en) 1990-05-11 1992-07-28 Akira Momose Synthetic sapphire intraocular lens
US5064247A (en) * 1990-05-23 1991-11-12 Allsteel Inc. Wire rod office furniture stacking chair
US5066062A (en) 1990-09-13 1991-11-19 Sekulovski Bill G Fuel tank lock
DE4100506C1 (en) * 1991-01-10 1992-05-21 Mercedes-Benz Aktiengesellschaft, 7000 Stuttgart, De
US5156198A (en) 1991-02-20 1992-10-20 Hall Gerald L Pump lock fuel system
JP3011521B2 (en) 1991-03-28 2000-02-21 矢崎総業株式会社 Electric wiring structure for vehicles
US5416777A (en) * 1991-04-10 1995-05-16 California Institute Of Technology High speed polling protocol for multiple node network
US5121818A (en) 1991-05-02 1992-06-16 Mccomic Richard D Solar powered cooling apparatus for a vehicle brake system
US5149915A (en) 1991-06-06 1992-09-22 Molex Incorporated Hybrid shielded cable
US5304739A (en) 1991-12-19 1994-04-19 Klug Reja B High energy coaxial cable for use in pulsed high energy systems
US5317880A (en) * 1992-04-20 1994-06-07 Spears Dan E Auxiliary braking and cooling device
JP3164245B2 (en) 1992-05-29 2001-05-08 日産自動車株式会社 Car underfloor structure
US5313853A (en) * 1992-12-14 1994-05-24 Grand Haven Stamped Products Company, Div. Of Jsj Corporation Flat spring biased shifter
JP2519422Y2 (en) 1993-06-22 1996-12-04 将一 林 Center lock device for automobile wheels
EP0632428A3 (en) 1993-06-30 1995-12-06 Samsung Heavy Ind Apparatus generating noise sound for electric car.
US5492391A (en) * 1993-10-21 1996-02-20 Snook; Steven J. Oval spline-drive wheel and adapter
US5352026A (en) * 1993-10-21 1994-10-04 Snook Steven J Bar drive wheel and adapter
JPH07182587A (en) 1993-12-21 1995-07-21 Honda Motor Co Ltd Device for generating pseudo sound for electric vehicle
US5618323A (en) * 1994-01-28 1997-04-08 Paccar Inc Integral cab and engine air intake system for a vehicle
JPH07245811A (en) 1994-03-04 1995-09-19 Honda Motor Co Ltd Controller for electric car
GB9406625D0 (en) 1994-04-05 1994-05-25 Smiths Industries Plc Electrical systems and connectors
DE4412109C2 (en) 1994-04-08 1996-02-15 Porsche Ag Passenger cars, in particular convertibles
US5533794A (en) * 1994-06-24 1996-07-09 Faison; James E. Hub lock
US5557698A (en) 1994-08-19 1996-09-17 Belden Wire & Cable Company Coaxial fiber optical cable
US5519588A (en) * 1994-09-14 1996-05-21 Chrysler Corporation Tail light assembly
FR2726411B1 (en) 1994-10-26 1997-01-17 Peugeot CARRIER INFORMATION COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, PARTICULARLY FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE
US5694259A (en) 1995-01-10 1997-12-02 Brandin; Bertil A. Apparatus for automating the adjustment of rearview mirrors
US5613012A (en) 1994-11-28 1997-03-18 Smarttouch, Llc. Tokenless identification system for authorization of electronic transactions and electronic transmissions
US6366682B1 (en) 1994-11-28 2002-04-02 Indivos Corporation Tokenless electronic transaction system
US6397198B1 (en) 1994-11-28 2002-05-28 Indivos Corporation Tokenless biometric electronic transactions using an audio signature to identify the transaction processor
US6269348B1 (en) 1994-11-28 2001-07-31 Veristar Corporation Tokenless biometric electronic debit and credit transactions
US5615277A (en) 1994-11-28 1997-03-25 Hoffman; Ned Tokenless security system for authorizing access to a secured computer system
US5870723A (en) 1994-11-28 1999-02-09 Pare, Jr.; David Ferrin Tokenless biometric transaction authorization method and system
US5626057A (en) 1994-12-28 1997-05-06 Kabushiki Kaisha Atsumitec Change lever supporting structure
US5660243A (en) 1995-02-13 1997-08-26 Chrysler Corporation Air flow, atmospheric particle, and environmental element diverter system
WO1996026570A1 (en) 1995-02-21 1996-08-29 Hitachi, Ltd. Device and method for supplying power to a vehicle, semi-conductor circuit device for use in the same and collective wiring device for a vehicle or an automobile
US5584537A (en) * 1995-05-11 1996-12-17 Miansian; James K. Wheel spinner nut adapter
US7672756B2 (en) * 1995-06-07 2010-03-02 Automotive Technologies International, Inc. Vehicle communications using the internet
US7760080B2 (en) * 2000-09-08 2010-07-20 Automotive Technologies International, Inc. Tire monitoring with passive and active modes
US7313467B2 (en) * 2000-09-08 2007-12-25 Automotive Technologies International Inc. System and method for in-vehicle communications
US5883334A (en) 1995-06-13 1999-03-16 Alcatel Na Cable Systems, Inc. High speed telecommunication cable
JP3650784B2 (en) 1995-07-05 2005-05-25 津田工業株式会社 Support device for shift lever for manual transmission
DE19526809A1 (en) 1995-07-13 1997-01-16 Siemens Ag On-board electrical supply network for automobile - has branch line, coupled to each switch or load, via plug connector incorporating multiplex control element, intercommunication circuit and load monitoring device
DE19534584C1 (en) 1995-09-09 1996-09-12 Porsche Ag Windshield for convertible passenger car
EP0804349B1 (en) 1995-11-21 1999-10-13 BLAU International Gesellschaft m.b.H. Closure device for a vehicle tank filler pipe
US5770797A (en) 1996-02-29 1998-06-23 Lapohn; Gary G. Tire pressure maintenance system
KR970061598A (en) 1996-02-29 1997-09-12 야마베 미찌히꼬 Lever device for manual transmission for cars
US6028537A (en) * 1996-06-14 2000-02-22 Prince Corporation Vehicle communication and remote control system
DE59702780D1 (en) 1996-08-10 2001-01-25 Porsche Ag Wind deflector for a convertible
US5794733A (en) 1996-08-16 1998-08-18 Volvo Gm Heavy Truck Corporation Vehicle air intake and method
US5738369A (en) 1996-10-09 1998-04-14 Breed Automotive Technology, Inc. Snap-on air bag and horn switch module
US6101180A (en) 1996-11-12 2000-08-08 Starguide Digital Networks, Inc. High bandwidth broadcast system having localized multicast access to broadcast content
US5821466A (en) 1996-12-23 1998-10-13 Cable Design Technologies, Inc. Multiple twisted pair data cable with geometrically concentric cable groups
US5820224A (en) 1997-02-19 1998-10-13 L.A. Wire Wheel, Inc. Motor vehicle wheel and wheel support assembly with knock-off nut
US5853857A (en) 1997-02-20 1998-12-29 The Budd Company Windshield frame
US5808374A (en) 1997-03-25 1998-09-15 Ut Automotive Dearborn, Inc. Driver interface system for vehicle control parameters and easy to utilize switches
US5941105A (en) 1997-06-19 1999-08-24 Macey; Blair Hub locking mechanism
DE19832910C2 (en) 1997-07-25 2003-03-27 Alfmeier Praez Ag Locking device for motor vehicle tanks
US5982914A (en) 1997-07-29 1999-11-09 Smarttouch, Inc. Identification of individuals from association of finger pores and macrofeatures
US6275231B1 (en) 1997-08-01 2001-08-14 American Calcar Inc. Centralized control and management system for automobiles
US7519558B2 (en) 1997-08-27 2009-04-14 Ballard Claudio R Biometrically enabled private secure information repository
US5910988A (en) 1997-08-27 1999-06-08 Csp Holdings, Inc. Remote image capture with centralized processing and storage
US5934744A (en) 1997-10-01 1999-08-10 General Motors Corporation Cross car structural beam
DE59800026D1 (en) 1998-02-17 1999-10-14 Ford Global Tech Gear change device for motor vehicles
AU4005999A (en) 1998-05-21 1999-12-06 Equifax, Inc. System and method for authentication of network users and issuing a digital certificate
ES2619367T3 (en) 1998-05-21 2017-06-26 Equifax Inc. System and method for network user authentication
US6282658B2 (en) 1998-05-21 2001-08-28 Equifax, Inc. System and method for authentication of network users with preprocessing
US6092898A (en) 1998-07-06 2000-07-25 Johns Hopkins University Surgical contact lens, methods for viewing the interior of an eye and methods for manufacturing such lenses
USD416525S (en) 1998-07-08 1999-11-16 Daimlerchrysler Ag Surface configuration of a lever
DE19832086B4 (en) 1998-07-16 2008-05-29 Fico Triad S.A., Rubi lever unit
DE29813152U1 (en) 1998-07-23 1998-11-12 Blechformwerke Bernsbach Gmbh Roll bar
FR2782480B1 (en) 1998-08-24 2000-10-20 Solvay DEVICE AND METHOD FOR EXHAUSTING CALORIES FROM A COMPARTMENT
US6011548A (en) 1998-09-04 2000-01-04 Cyberstar, L.P. System for integrating satellite boardband data distributed over a cable TV network with legacy corporate local area networks
US6308205B1 (en) 1998-10-22 2001-10-23 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Browser-based network management allowing administrators to use web browser on user's workstation to view and update configuration of network devices
US6116700A (en) 1998-11-03 2000-09-12 Herrera; Juan C. Lockable automotive wheel with splined adapter
US6322158B1 (en) 1998-11-03 2001-11-27 Juan C. Herrera Lockable automobile wheel assembly
US6056075A (en) 1999-05-26 2000-05-02 Daimlerchrysler Corporation Hood with integrated cooling duct
KR100316929B1 (en) 1999-06-11 2001-12-22 이계안 Auto lock system of fuel cap for vehicle
JP3686785B2 (en) 1999-06-14 2005-08-24 アルプス電気株式会社 Signal cable
US6253716B1 (en) 1999-07-07 2001-07-03 Horton, Inc. Control system for cooling fan assembly having variable pitch blades
US6882917B2 (en) * 1999-07-30 2005-04-19 Oshkosh Truck Corporation Steering control system and method
US6253131B1 (en) 1999-09-08 2001-06-26 Paccar Inc Steering wheel electronic interface
DE19943569A1 (en) 1999-09-13 2001-03-15 Mannesmann Vdo Ag Combination instrument for motor vehicles with color-variable display
US7260724B1 (en) 1999-09-20 2007-08-21 Security First Corporation Context sensitive dynamic authentication in a cryptographic system
US6198244B1 (en) 1999-12-10 2001-03-06 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Electronic architecture for controlling a motor vehicle seat
US6639156B2 (en) 1999-12-30 2003-10-28 Tom J. Luke Method and device for monitoring inventory
USD440917S1 (en) 2000-01-31 2001-04-24 Daimlerchrysler Ag Surface configuration of a gear lever plate for a vehicle
US6780047B1 (en) 2000-03-24 2004-08-24 Intel Corporation Network communications system
US6463901B1 (en) 2000-03-28 2002-10-15 Brendan R. Cuddihee, Sr. Method and device for improving air intake for fuel injection engines
US6847863B2 (en) 2000-07-13 2005-01-25 Isidore I. Lamke Four channel light system for vehicles
EP1323323A1 (en) 2000-08-15 2003-07-02 Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) Network authentication by using a wap-enabled mobile phone
US6533466B1 (en) 2000-09-07 2003-03-18 International Business Machines Corporation Hybrid connector assembly for electrical conductors and fiber optic data conductors
EP1233602A4 (en) 2000-09-27 2004-09-08 Ntt Docomo Inc Electronic device remote control method and electronic device management facility
US7168843B2 (en) 2000-09-29 2007-01-30 Suncor Stainless, Inc. Modular lighting bar
US6647592B2 (en) 2000-12-19 2003-11-18 Daimlerchrysler Corporation Four bar hinge
JP2002195858A (en) 2000-12-27 2002-07-10 Nippon Seiki Co Ltd Display
US6428087B1 (en) 2001-01-05 2002-08-06 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. A-pillar structure for a vehicle
SE0100760L (en) 2001-03-07 2002-03-26 Volvo Lastvagnar Ab Guide device in a gear mechanism
US6357563B1 (en) 2001-03-29 2002-03-19 Meritor Heavy Vehicle Technology, L.L.C. Brake assembly with air cooling system
JP2002313144A (en) 2001-04-09 2002-10-25 Omron Corp Servo-motor system
US6902307B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2005-06-07 Illume, L.L.C. Taillight apparatus and method of making
US20030015909A1 (en) 2001-07-19 2003-01-23 Meek Edward G. Hub and wheel restraint system
JP3853618B2 (en) 2001-07-23 2006-12-06 本田技研工業株式会社 Hydrogen ventilation duct for fuel cell vehicle
JP2003123176A (en) 2001-10-15 2003-04-25 L & F Plastics Co Ltd Tire pressure display means for tubeless tire
US6954695B2 (en) 2002-01-31 2005-10-11 Racing Visions, Llc Apparatus system and method for remotely controlling a vehicle over a network
USD483308S1 (en) 2002-02-04 2003-12-09 Daimlerchrysler Ag Surface configuration of a gearshift knob for a vehicle
USD471139S1 (en) 2002-03-26 2003-03-04 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Gear shift knob
US6946953B2 (en) 2002-05-30 2005-09-20 Vehicle Enhancement Systems, Inc. Apparatus and method for enhanced data communications and control between a vehicle and a remote data communications terminal
US7004787B2 (en) 2002-06-11 2006-02-28 Henry Milan Universal computer cable with quick connectors and interchangeable ends, and system and method utilizing the same
US6843115B2 (en) 2002-06-05 2005-01-18 Robert Rutherford Air pressure gauge assembly for continuous monitoring of tire inflation pressure
US7392122B2 (en) * 2002-06-13 2008-06-24 Oshkosh Truck Corporation Steering control system and method
DE10229399B4 (en) 2002-06-29 2008-01-31 Dr.Ing.H.C. F. Porsche Ag Body structure for a vehicle, in particular a passenger car
GB0215472D0 (en) 2002-07-04 2002-08-14 Eaton Corp A shift lever mechanism
US20040043753A1 (en) 2002-08-30 2004-03-04 Wake Susan L. System and method for third party application sales and services to wireless devices
US6842110B2 (en) 2002-10-02 2005-01-11 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Indication system for a vehicle
DE60312452T2 (en) 2002-10-09 2007-07-05 Calsonic Kansei Corp. Display device for a vehicle
KR100542058B1 (en) 2002-12-06 2006-01-11 주식회사 에스엘 엘씨디 Lamp for vehicle
FR2848719B1 (en) 2002-12-13 2005-03-04 Nexans MULTIFUNCTIONAL HYBRID CABLE FOR POWERING THE RESOURCES OF A USER STATION
JP3814248B2 (en) 2002-12-17 2006-08-23 本田技研工業株式会社 Tire pressure monitoring device
US20040158723A1 (en) 2003-02-06 2004-08-12 Root David C. Methods for providing high-integrity enrollments into biometric authentication databases
US20040155789A1 (en) 2003-02-07 2004-08-12 Crews John T. Instrument display providing a plurality of data sets
EP1595748B1 (en) 2003-02-17 2012-09-12 Denso Corporation Vehicle power supply system
JP2004249788A (en) 2003-02-19 2004-09-09 Honda Motor Co Ltd Downforce generator
DE10311396A1 (en) 2003-03-13 2004-09-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Arrangement for data/energy management in vehicle, deactivates and/or activates at least one further connection arrangement by higher level switching arrangement(s) to meet desired energy demand
JP4290461B2 (en) 2003-04-03 2009-07-08 株式会社日立製作所 Cooling system and cooling control method for electric device
JP4102240B2 (en) 2003-04-08 2008-06-18 株式会社小糸製作所 Vehicle headlamp
US20040202006A1 (en) 2003-04-10 2004-10-14 Shou-Wei Pien Taillight with individually replaceable LED lamps
US7036965B2 (en) 2003-04-16 2006-05-02 Star Headlight And Lantern Co., Inc. Light bar providing illumination from inside a vehicle
EP1620676A4 (en) 2003-05-05 2011-03-23 Philips Solid State Lighting Lighting methods and systems
DE10329914B4 (en) 2003-07-02 2005-09-01 Rheinmetall Landsysteme Gmbh Error detection for Powerring
US7146129B2 (en) 2003-07-10 2006-12-05 Lucent Technologies Inc. Remote control of functions via wireless transmission of text-based messages
JP2005037238A (en) 2003-07-14 2005-02-10 Denso Corp Pointer instrument for vehicle
US20050021190A1 (en) 2003-07-24 2005-01-27 Worrell Barry C. Method and apparatus for accessing vehicle systems
US7483952B2 (en) 2003-09-10 2009-01-27 Intel Corporation System transmitting unsolicited and unconfirmed computing platform service information to wireless devices
US6837602B1 (en) 2003-09-23 2005-01-04 Fu An Industrial Co., Ltd. Cover for a shell of a tail-light of a vehicle
KR20060111493A (en) 2003-10-08 2006-10-27 혼다 기켄 고교 가부시키가이샤 Integrated mirror
DE10347827A1 (en) 2003-10-10 2005-04-28 Daimler Chrysler Ag System for remote control of vehicle functions and / or retrieval of vehicle status data
DE10347836A1 (en) 2003-10-10 2005-05-04 Daimler Chrysler Ag Vehicle data bus system
US7347597B2 (en) 2003-11-17 2008-03-25 Great Lakes Manufacturing Inc. Safety light bar with a light fixture assembly
JP4047266B2 (en) 2003-11-19 2008-02-13 株式会社小糸製作所 Lamp
US7725732B1 (en) 2003-12-16 2010-05-25 Ballard Claudio R Object authentication system
JP2005178427A (en) 2003-12-16 2005-07-07 Calsonic Kansei Corp Brake cooling structure for automobile
US20060107784A1 (en) 2003-12-16 2006-05-25 Takata-Petri, Inc. Steering column module
JP3952474B2 (en) 2003-12-22 2007-08-01 本田技研工業株式会社 Overhead console device
US6942277B2 (en) 2003-12-22 2005-09-13 Nissan Technical Center North America, Inc. Vehicle door hinge assembly
US20050140172A1 (en) 2003-12-24 2005-06-30 Mazda Motor Corporation Wind deflector of open car
US7325832B2 (en) 2003-12-24 2008-02-05 Mazda Motor Corporation Roll bar structure of vehicle
US7135962B2 (en) 2004-01-02 2006-11-14 Dei Headquarters, Inc. Security and remote access for vehicular entertainment, safety, and convenience systems
US20050155043A1 (en) 2004-01-08 2005-07-14 Schulz Kurt S. Human-machine interface system and method for remotely monitoring and controlling a machine
WO2005084987A1 (en) 2004-02-28 2005-09-15 Naim Guendouz Automatic gas cap actuator with redundancy
GB0407047D0 (en) 2004-03-29 2004-04-28 Nygaard Jens H S Passenger carrying road vehicle and a strengthening member for a passenger carrying road vehicle
DE102004020309A1 (en) 2004-04-26 2005-11-17 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Cover for sensors
US7266435B2 (en) 2004-05-14 2007-09-04 General Motors Corporation Wireless operation of a vehicle telematics device
CA2468068C (en) 2004-05-20 2005-12-20 Fossil Steam Technologies Inc. Fluid level gauge comprising synthetic sapphire shielding and/or viewing lense
JP4306534B2 (en) 2004-05-25 2009-08-05 株式会社デンソー Crew protection device
US7341278B2 (en) 2004-06-21 2008-03-11 Heuliez Safety device used in case a vehicle rolls over
US7400239B2 (en) * 2004-09-03 2008-07-15 Simply Automated, Incorporated Universal control apparatus and methods
US7355594B2 (en) 2004-09-30 2008-04-08 Symbol Technologies, Inc. Optical touch screen arrangement
DE102004053238A1 (en) 2004-11-04 2006-05-11 Daimlerchrysler Ag On-board network monitoring for production and service
US20060097852A1 (en) 2004-11-10 2006-05-11 Lammers Bryan G System and method for power and data delivery on a machine
US6990335B1 (en) 2004-11-18 2006-01-24 Charles G. Shamoon Ubiquitous connectivity and control system for remote locations
US20060162485A1 (en) 2005-01-07 2006-07-27 Jeremy Leng Automotive steering wheel
US20070030137A1 (en) 2005-01-21 2007-02-08 Autotronic Controls Corporation System and method for providing a vehicle display
EP1861277A1 (en) 2005-03-14 2007-12-05 Auto Meter Products, Inc. System and method of modular vehicle gauge system and illumination
US7549390B2 (en) 2005-04-29 2009-06-23 Auto Meter Products, Inc. Gauge with illuminated dial and pointer
US20060256572A1 (en) 2005-05-12 2006-11-16 Yu-Chu Lin Taillight socket structure
JP4771055B2 (en) 2005-06-16 2011-09-14 スタンレー電気株式会社 Vehicle lamp and its LED light source
USD537393S1 (en) 2005-06-21 2007-02-27 Bosch Rexroth Control lever for vehicles
JP4508008B2 (en) 2005-06-29 2010-07-21 ヤマハ株式会社 Vehicle interior sound field control device
US7589643B2 (en) 2005-06-30 2009-09-15 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Vehicle speed monitoring system
US7216007B2 (en) 2005-07-06 2007-05-08 Honeywell International Inc. System and method for providing direct web access to controllers in a process control environment
JP5065057B2 (en) 2005-07-15 2012-10-31 パナソニック株式会社 Light emitting module and mounting board used therefor
US7272483B2 (en) 2005-07-26 2007-09-18 Quadzilla Performance Technologies, Inc. Vehicular power enhancement control system
DE102005038855A1 (en) 2005-08-12 2007-02-15 Takata-Petri Ag steering wheel assembly
USD551971S1 (en) 2005-08-18 2007-10-02 King Technology Dispenser cover
EP1922227A4 (en) 2005-09-06 2011-03-02 Lsi Industries Inc Linear lighting system
JP2007128862A (en) 2005-10-03 2007-05-24 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Multidirectional operation switch and switching device using this
US7350273B1 (en) 2005-10-07 2008-04-01 Reading Truck Body, Inc. Vehicle body hinge
USD551604S1 (en) 2005-10-12 2007-09-25 Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Surface configuration of a gearshift
US20070096546A1 (en) 2005-10-31 2007-05-03 Mark Thomas Device attachment to a center hub of a wheel
US20070137367A1 (en) 2005-11-29 2007-06-21 Teleflex Automotive Germany Gmbh Cushioned bearing shell for manual gearshift lever
US7544886B2 (en) 2005-12-20 2009-06-09 Hitachi Cable, Ltd. Extra-fine copper alloy wire, extra-fine copper alloy twisted wire, extra-fine insulated wire, coaxial cable, multicore cable and manufacturing method thereof
US7547077B2 (en) 2006-03-20 2009-06-16 Nels Melberg Wheel and other bearing hubs safety restraint devices, locks and visual warning indicators
US7387414B2 (en) 2006-03-22 2008-06-17 Ibis Tek, Llc Light bar for mounting to a vehicle
US20090161377A1 (en) 2006-03-22 2009-06-25 Helms James M All-LED light bar for mounting to a vehicle
JP3990716B1 (en) 2006-04-07 2007-10-17 富士重工業株式会社 Vehicle display device
TWI312621B (en) 2006-04-28 2009-07-21 Hon Hai Prec Ind Co Ltd Transmission device and communication production employing the same
US7604383B2 (en) 2006-06-29 2009-10-20 Magna International Reconfigurable headlamp and a control system for reconfiguring a vehicle lighting system
JP4175398B2 (en) 2006-06-30 2008-11-05 コベルコ建機株式会社 Exhaust structure of construction machinery
JP4694427B2 (en) 2006-07-05 2011-06-08 株式会社小糸製作所 Vehicle headlamp
US7585031B2 (en) 2006-07-27 2009-09-08 Hendrickson Usa, L.L.C. Wheel hub with lubricant fill port
USD558118S1 (en) 2006-08-01 2007-12-25 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Front face of a vehicle wheel
TWM311615U (en) 2006-08-03 2007-05-11 Dj Auto Components Corp Structure of LED car lamp
US20080042822A1 (en) 2006-08-08 2008-02-21 Alan Wang Indicating light of a car
US20090040029A1 (en) 2006-08-10 2009-02-12 V2Green, Inc. Transceiver and charging component for a power aggregation system
US7747739B2 (en) 2006-08-10 2010-06-29 Gridpoint, Inc. Connection locator in a power aggregation system for distributed electric resources
US8192063B2 (en) 2006-09-29 2012-06-05 Star Headlight & Lantern Co., Inc. Rear deck warning light bar
USD559159S1 (en) 2006-10-27 2008-01-08 Tvk Industries, Inc. Gear shift knob cap for illuminated display
US7540638B2 (en) 2006-11-10 2009-06-02 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Adaptive front lighting system for a vehicle
US7855466B2 (en) 2006-12-29 2010-12-21 Cummins Power Generation Ip, Inc. Electric power generation system with current-controlled power boost
USD574661S1 (en) 2007-02-14 2008-08-12 Sigma Industries, Inc. Pizza pan
US7975349B2 (en) 2007-03-12 2011-07-12 Magna Closures Inc. Pivoting, translating and latching hinge
EP2142847B1 (en) 2007-04-03 2015-11-11 OSRAM GmbH Semiconductor light module
USD562738S1 (en) 2007-04-04 2008-02-26 Everett Young Gearshift knob cover
US7940673B2 (en) 2007-06-06 2011-05-10 Veedims, Llc System for integrating a plurality of modules using a power/data backbone network
US7740501B2 (en) 2007-06-06 2010-06-22 Claudio R. Ballard Hybrid cable for conveying data and power
USD581328S1 (en) 2007-06-18 2008-11-25 Wabco Gmbh Gearbox control
US7786851B2 (en) 2007-08-09 2010-08-31 Drew Technologies Data acquisition and display system for motor vehicle
US20090051522A1 (en) 2007-08-24 2009-02-26 Mark Perkins Led sequential lighting system for vehicles and method of use
US8054048B2 (en) 2007-10-04 2011-11-08 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Power grid load management for plug-in vehicles
US7636985B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2009-12-29 Dan Greenbank Dual stage hidden hinge
USD575581S1 (en) 2007-12-10 2008-08-26 Harris Charles E Base for bowl
US20090273208A1 (en) 2008-03-06 2009-11-05 Ballard Claudio R Windshield frame with integrated side and rearview mirrors
US20090223438A1 (en) 2008-03-06 2009-09-10 Ballard Claudio R Analog four tire pressure gauge
US20090272589A1 (en) 2008-03-06 2009-11-05 Ballard Claudio R Engine air filter system
US20090273942A1 (en) 2008-03-06 2009-11-05 Ballard Claudio R Headlight assembly with configurable indicator array
US8082630B2 (en) 2008-03-06 2011-12-27 Claudio R. Ballard Door hinge
US20090223318A1 (en) 2008-03-06 2009-09-10 Ballard Claudio R Gear shift assembly
US8111145B2 (en) 2008-03-07 2012-02-07 Veedims, Llc Starter control and indicator system
US7856158B2 (en) 2008-03-07 2010-12-21 Ballard Claudio R Virtual electronic switch system
US8125346B2 (en) 2008-03-07 2012-02-28 Veedims, Llc Analog-style instrumentation display with color-changing pointer
US20090223437A1 (en) 2008-03-07 2009-09-10 Ballard Claudio R Gauge having synthetic sapphire lens
US7891743B2 (en) 2008-03-07 2011-02-22 Ballard Claudio R Locking hub cap for wheel hub assembly
US7963559B2 (en) 2008-03-07 2011-06-21 Claudio R. Ballard Roll bar with integrated lighting
USD594796S1 (en) 2008-03-07 2009-06-23 Claudio R. Ballard Gear shifter
US20090223789A1 (en) 2008-03-07 2009-09-10 Ballard Claudio R Steering wheel with integrated function switches
US20090223757A1 (en) 2008-03-07 2009-09-10 Ballard Claudio R Undercar air management system
US20090273282A1 (en) 2008-03-07 2009-11-05 Ballard Claudio R Configurable tail light module
US8089228B2 (en) 2008-03-07 2012-01-03 Ballard Claudio R Computer activated gas cap
CA2724282A1 (en) 2008-05-12 2009-11-19 Claudio R. Ballard Electrically propelled vehicle having electric sound-producing blower/cooler
CA2725152A1 (en) 2008-05-23 2009-11-26 Claudio R. Ballard System for remote control using a wap-enabled device
CA2738517A1 (en) 2008-09-30 2010-04-08 Veedims, Llc Distributed car charging management system and method
US8007026B2 (en) 2009-06-02 2011-08-30 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Lockout feature for full open hinge
USD741139S1 (en) 2014-09-22 2015-10-20 Canburg Limited U-shaped handle

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6246808B1 (en) * 1999-05-21 2001-06-12 Trw Inc. Optical switch apparatus
US20020102047A1 (en) * 2000-08-25 2002-08-01 Corning Incorporated Micromechanical optical switch
US20030081886A1 (en) * 2001-10-31 2003-05-01 Kun-Tsan Wu Optical switch
US20060017326A1 (en) * 2004-07-20 2006-01-26 Hein David A Vehicular accessory control panel
US20060036335A1 (en) * 2004-08-10 2006-02-16 Banter Charles B Reconfigurable vehicle accessory control panel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20090274416A1 (en) 2009-11-05
US20110190908A1 (en) 2011-08-04
US7856158B2 (en) 2010-12-21
US8254734B2 (en) 2012-08-28
WO2009111687A2 (en) 2009-09-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2009111687A3 (en) Virtual electronic switch system
WO2008118296A3 (en) Impact sensors and systems including impact sensors
EP2325736A3 (en) Touch screen and method of driving the same
WO2013004424A3 (en) Evaluation of resolver sensor signals
WO2009108758A3 (en) Touch screen sensor with low visibility conductors
WO2012071424A3 (en) Pressure-sensing hose
WO2009026167A3 (en) Sensor-keypad combination for mobile computing devices and applications thereof
WO2007099094A3 (en) Piezoelectric polymer composite article and system
MX2007003109A (en) Capacitive sensor system.
WO2012143126A3 (en) Oled interface
WO2013130285A3 (en) Gesture detection based on information from multiple types of sensors
EP2412897A3 (en) Door handle device for vehicle
WO2009124782A8 (en) Display and control device for a motor vehicle and method for operating same
BR112012031420A2 (en) system for transmitting information, use of an information bearer and process for acquiring information
WO2012052380A3 (en) Fault-secure parking brake for motor vehicles
WO2011028627A3 (en) System and method for endovascular telerobotic access
WO2012064651A3 (en) Self-aware profile switching on a mobile computing device
WO2009146051A3 (en) Self-actuating devices
WO2014084879A3 (en) Mobile device power state
WO2012142119A3 (en) Mobile device auto detection apparatus and method
WO2008057221A3 (en) Cable fault detection
WO2007098171A3 (en) System for providing tactile sensation to a robotic grasping mechanism using capacitance touchpad technology
TW200742950A (en) Obstacle detection device of autonomous mobile system
WO2009016523A3 (en) Display device with navigation capability
WO2006096855A3 (en) Device, system and method of detection of input unit disconnection

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 09718511

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A2

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

32PN Ep: public notification in the ep bulletin as address of the adressee cannot be established

Free format text: NOTING OF LOSS OF RIGHTS EPO FORM 1205A DATED 04.02.2011.

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 09718511

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A2