WO2009125159A2 - Method and device for trimming for facade or roof of a building - Google Patents

Method and device for trimming for facade or roof of a building Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009125159A2
WO2009125159A2 PCT/FR2009/050549 FR2009050549W WO2009125159A2 WO 2009125159 A2 WO2009125159 A2 WO 2009125159A2 FR 2009050549 W FR2009050549 W FR 2009050549W WO 2009125159 A2 WO2009125159 A2 WO 2009125159A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
receiver
designed
channel
panel
face
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2009/050549
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2009125159A3 (en
Inventor
Xavier Balduini
Jean Maillard
Original Assignee
OPALY, Société par actions simplifiée
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR0852129A external-priority patent/FR2929379A1/en
Priority claimed from FR0852132A external-priority patent/FR2929377A1/en
Priority claimed from FR0852144A external-priority patent/FR2929353B1/en
Application filed by OPALY, Société par actions simplifiée filed Critical OPALY, Société par actions simplifiée
Priority to CA2720454A priority Critical patent/CA2720454C/en
Priority to US12/935,867 priority patent/US20110036539A1/en
Priority to EP09729472A priority patent/EP2279381A2/en
Publication of WO2009125159A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009125159A2/en
Publication of WO2009125159A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009125159A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/14Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
    • E04F13/145Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass with an outer layer of glass
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/002Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings made of webs, e.g. of fabrics, or wallpaper, used as coverings or linings
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/007Outer coverings for walls with ventilating means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/80Solar heat collectors using working fluids comprising porous material or permeable masses directly contacting the working fluids
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/66Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of facade constructions, e.g. wall constructions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F24S50/80Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for controlling collection or absorption of solar radiation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F24S60/10Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using latent heat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2025/01Special support components; Methods of use
    • F24S2025/017Tensioning means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S2080/01Selection of particular materials
    • F24S2080/016Textiles; Fabrics
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20Solar thermal
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44Heat exchange systems
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47Mountings or tracking

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of covering the facade or roof of a building, according to which there is at least one perforated first receiver, at a distance from a second receiver attached to the structure of said building or constituted by said structure, arranging, between said second receiver and said first perforated receiver closest to the latter, an air circulation channel.
  • the invention further relates to a hollow panel, designed to be fixed to the structure of a building, and reactive to thermal radiation, including solar, comprising, between a first designed face adapted to be directed to a first medium, and a second designed face adapted to be directed towards a second medium, at least one internal channel for circulating fluid, especially air, extending between a first opening located at a first end edge, and a second opening located at a second end edge, said inner channel extending between on the one hand at least one first perforated receptacle designed to be exposed to thermal radiation on the side of said first face, and secondly at least one second receptacle sealed to the air on the side of said second face.
  • the invention also relates to a condenser designed capable of constituting said second receiver.
  • the invention also relates to a device for fixing and energizing said first receiver.
  • the present invention is in the field of building, both new construction and renovation.
  • the invention relates more particularly to external cladding for building, facade or roof, and especially the search for energy optimization between the interior and exterior of the building.
  • the aim of the invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art by proposing the incorporation of particularly energetic functionalities by the implementation of a method of covering the facade or covering of a building, making it possible to to replace the skin of a building or to double it, this process using elements with reversible and easy assembly, and integrating particular energy receivers-sensors, so as to constitute an active device, easily accessible for maintenance, and able to exert a regulating action on the temperature inside a building, so as to allow a consequent saving of energy.
  • the invention aims in particular to improve the thermal performance of a cladding facade or roof, and to adapt to the parameters of its environment, including seasonal and meteorological. This adaptation must be able to be obtained by an easy exchange of removable components and low unit cost.
  • the invention relates to a method of covering the façade or roof of a building, according to which there is at least one perforated first receiver, at a distance from a second receiver attached to the structure of said building or constituted by said structure, so as to arrange, between said second receiver and said first perforated receiver closest to the latter, an air circulation channel, characterized in that one chooses such a perforated first receiver comprising a flexible sheet or constituted by such a flexible sheet.
  • said first perforated receiver in a hollow panel designed adapted to be incorporated in an external cladding device, consisting of the juxtaposition of such panels.
  • said first flexible perforated receiver is chosen, and it is applied in front of said facade or cover, by means of at least one device for fastening and energizing a flexible sheet. incorporated in said first perforated receiver, or component thereof.
  • the invention also relates to such a hollow panel, designed to be fixed to the structure of a building, and reactive to thermal radiation, including solar, comprising, between a first designed face adapted to be directed towards a first medium, and a second side designed adapted to be directed towards a second medium, at least one inner channel of fluid circulation, in particular air, extending between a first opening located at a first end edge, and a second opening located at a first second end edge, said inner channel extending between firstly at least a first perforated receptacle designed to be exposed to thermal radiation on the side of said first face, and secondly at least a second sealed receiver in the air on the side of said second face.
  • the invention also relates to a condenser designed capable of constituting such a second receiver.
  • the invention also relates to such a device for fixing and energizing such a flexible sheet.
  • the invention also relates to a condenser for a panel that is sensitive to thermal radiation, in particular solar radiation.
  • the invention makes it possible to modify both the external appearance and the thermal performance of a building, in the interest of personnel safety, and of an easy and economical implementation.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically, partially and in perspective, a cladding device consisting of several panels according to the invention, presented disjoint for ease of understanding;
  • Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1, side view in the direction X;
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically, partially and in section, a set of panels according to the invention, installed inside a building, and associated air flows;
  • FIG. 4 shows schematically, partially and in cross section, a panel according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically, and in cross section, a panel according to the invention, and the different air flows in this panel;
  • Figure 6 shows schematically and in perspective the structure of a panel according to the invention;
  • Figure 7 shows schematically, partially and in perspective, a cladding device consisting of several panels according to the invention
  • Figure 8 schematically shows in perspective, on a first face, the structure of a condenser constituting a second receiver in a preferred embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 9 shows schematically and in perspective the structure of Figure 8, at the opposite side to the previous;
  • Figure 10 shows schematically, partially and in cross section, a variant of Figure 4;
  • Figure 11 shows schematically and in perspective, a device according to the invention, with a flexible sheet mounted;
  • FIG. 12 shows, schematically, partially and in perspective, a portion of the tensioning means of a flexible sheet according to the invention
  • FIG. 13 shows schematically, partially and in perspective, an insertion zone of a flexible web in a device according to the invention
  • FIG. 15 represents, schematically, partially and in perspective, a variant of this introduction zone
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic partial representation of the introduction zone of FIGS. 13 and 14 in front view
  • FIG. 17 shows, schematically, partially and from above according to a normal to a flat surface, a variant of the device according to the invention, with a flexible sheet mounted;
  • FIG. 18 shows, schematically and in vertical section, a facade cladding device in a particular embodiment of the invention;
  • FIG. 19 shows schematically and in horizontal section along CC, an alternative embodiment of Figure 18;
  • - Figure 20 shows, in a similar manner to Figure 19, another alternative embodiment;
  • Figure 21 shows, schematically and in elevation, an assembly of translucent panels that comprises the embodiment of Figure 18;
  • FIG. 22 schematically and in elevation shows a tool for laying a flexible sheet that comprises the embodiment of FIG. 18;
  • FIGS. 24 to 27 illustrate another variant of laying and energizing such a flexible sheet, FIG. 24 in partial perspective, FIG. 25 in elevation, and FIGS. 26 and 27 in side view from the plane. of the flexible tablecloth.
  • the invention relates to a method of covering the facade or roof of a building, according to which there is at least one perforated first receiver 50, at a distance from a second receiver 51 attached to the structure of said building or constituted by said structure , so as to arrange, between said second receiver 51 and said first perforated receiver 50 closest to the latter, a channel 3 for air circulation, characterized in that one chooses such a first removable perforated receptacle 50 and comprising a flexible sheet 203 or constituted by such a flexible sheet 203.
  • the first perforated receiver 50 is incorporated in a panel 1.
  • the invention then allows the cladding of the facade or the roof of the building by the construction of a device 100 for external cladding constituted by the juxtaposition of panels, in particular panels 1.
  • the first perforated receptor 50 is flexible, and is applied taut in front of the structure or roof, or the existing cladding of the building, by means of less a device 201 for fixing and energizing a flexible sheet 203, incorporated in the first perforated receiver 50, or the constituent.
  • the second mode can be combined with the first, the device 201 being arranged either to cover the surface constituted by a panel assembly 1 or to cover the surface of a single panel 1, the cladding device 100 then comprising as many devices 201 as panels 1.
  • the panel 1 is hollow.
  • This panel 1 is designed to be attached to the structure of a building, and is responsive to thermal radiation, including solar radiation, facing which it is intended to be installed.
  • the device 100 of exterior cladding for building, front or roof comprises a set of hollow panels 1. These are preferably substantially planar or of curvature identical to each other. In particular they may take the form of parallelepipeds, or prisms cylindrical sector, with a constant radius of curvature.
  • These hollow panels 1 are stackable in a Z direction, preferably vertical.
  • This panel 1 comprises a first face 2 designed adapted to be directed towards a first medium A, in particular the exterior of a building or a hot source, and a second face 10 designed adapted to be directed towards a second medium B, in particular inside a building or area to be heated.
  • first face 2 is plane.
  • the first face 2 may also have a constant curvature in at least one direction.
  • the first face 2 has a first constant curvature in a first direction, and a second constant curvature in a second direction orthogonal to said first direction, this first curvature and this second curvature possibly being of identical or distinct values.
  • the panel 1 is of parallelepipedal shape.
  • the panel 1 comprises, between its first face 2 and its second face 10, at least one inner channel 3 of fluid circulation, in particular air.
  • This channel 3 extends between a first opening 5 located at a first end edge 4 of the panel 1, and a second opening 7 located at a second end edge 6.
  • this first opening 5 and this second opening 7 are located one below the other or vice versa.
  • the inner channel 3 extends between on the one hand at least a first perforated receiver 50 designed to be exposed to thermal radiation on the side of the first face 2, and secondly at least a second receiver 51 airtight on the side of said second face 10.
  • the perforated receiver panel 50 itself constitutes the first face 2.
  • the first perforated receiver 50 is designed capable of transforming a thermal radiation, in particular of solar origin, by reflection and / or transmission or / and absorption.
  • This first receiver 50 stops a first part of the radiation of the heat source, in particular solar heat, in particular by reflection, and, thanks to its perforation, passes a second portion to the second receiver 51.
  • the first receiver 50 can absorb a part of the heat, and to heat up, the transmission of energy to the second receiver 51 is therefore made in the channel 3, either by direct passage or by radiation from the first receiver 50 to the second receiver 51. If the latter reflects a portion of the energy, the first receiver 50 is a return dam. Most of the energy received from the first medium A and remains in the channel 3.
  • the perforation of the first receiver 1 can equally be constituted by holes, cutouts, orifices, spaces between the strands of a nonwoven fabric, spaces between the weft and warp threads of a textile or a fabric. woven mesh, metal or plastic, or the like.
  • the first receiver 50 is removable, and can be adapted for example according to climatic conditions, especially seasonal, and the panel 1 comprises housing for its positioning and fixing.
  • the first receiver 50 has, in its thickness, through openings which are designed to allow the direct passage of light rays below a given incidence relative to the normal at the point considered, and to prohibit it beyond that incidence. It is understood that, if the first receiver 50 extends in a substantially vertical direction, for use in the face of solar radiation, these through openings allow the passage of radiation from the winter sun, low on the horizon, in a context where one seeks to use one's energy to heat an interior volume, while on the other hand it blocks the radiation of the summer sun near the zenith, and limits the penetration of solar energy into the panel.
  • the first receiver 50 has projecting volumes designed to channel the air towards the channel 3.
  • these projecting elements are set back from the first face 2 towards the inside of the panel 1, not to hang clothes, passers-by or airborne elements such as leaves or the like.
  • These protruding elements form an air sleeve, and may be in particular in the form of tubular elbow, spherical cap or the like. This sleeve has an opening, which can be oriented towards the ground to avoid filling the panel with precipitation. It can also be oriented otherwise, especially to prevent the introduction of dust.
  • the panel 1, or / and the structure 100 comprises means for collecting and evacuating the precipitation water and any condensates.
  • the first receiver 50 is constituted by a flexible sheet 203, in particular textile, stretched. This configuration has the advantage of an extremely low weight, and a great ease of exchange.
  • the housing that includes the panel 1 for its positioning and fixing are accessible in situ, without requiring the complete removal of the panel 1.
  • the first receiver 50 or / and the second receiver 51, comprises, on at least one of its faces, a coating by screen printing, printing or the like.
  • This coating may in particular be selected reflective, for specific wavelengths, depending on the season and / or climatic conditions.
  • the first receiver 50 or the second receiver 51 can receive a coating comprising a titanium oxide TiO 2 nanometric, or other catalyst also designed to promote the conversion of volatile organic compounds known as VOCs into harmless elements, or of CO into CO 2 , or from NO to NO 2 .
  • this receiver can receive a particular decoration, which is particularly easy when it is constituted by a woven textile web and / or printed and / or screen printed.
  • the possibility to change inexpensively the appearance of a building wall adds the possibility of incorporating visual security messages, or to characterize advertising.
  • the application of camouflage decorations for military applications or for implantation in protected areas is very easy, especially since the panel 1 according to the invention does not require external glazing, even if it is possible to install at the level of the first face 2.
  • the first perforated receiver means 50 is interposed between the channel 3 and the first face 2.
  • first perforated receiving means 50 is affixed to the first face 2 outside the panel 1.
  • the first receiver 50 is translucent. It can also be constituted by a plate, and in particular by a translucent plate. It can be constituted by a translucent flexible film, and perforated.
  • the first receiver 50 comprises at least one surface treated by sanding or etching. This sanding or etching treatment can be applied regardless of the configuration of the first receiver, same textile, and has the effect of increasing the exchange surface.
  • This channel 3 is designed capable of communicating, at the level of the first opening 5, and / or the second opening 7, with an internal channel 3 of another hollow panel 1 of the same type, or with means of communication between the fluid stream constituted by the channel 3, and the volume of a part, which can be constituted by baffles or the like. It is thus possible to build, based on panels 1, a vertical component wall having a continuous channel over its entire height, in particular for air circulation. Such stacking has the effect, resulting from the increase in the wall height, to increase the contribution of the convective effect.
  • the panel 1 can be declined in different variants; in particular, the channel 3 can be designed capable of communicating, firstly with the first medium A by at least a first external communication opening 8, or / and secondly with the second medium B by at least a first internal communication opening 9.
  • the hollow panels 1 are still juxtaposable with each other in a direction X perpendicular to the vertical direction Z and tangential to the first faces 2 of the panels 1.
  • the panels 1 are still juxtaposable, in another direction Y perpendicular to both the vertical direction Z and the direction X, with other panels 1 of the same type or with second panels
  • the insulation panels 101 may each comprise at least one through opening 11, which is designed to be juxtaposed with a first internal communication opening 9 of a panel 1 if the latter comprises thereof.
  • an insulation panel 101 may have as many openings, in line with them, as the panel 1 to which it is adjacent, as can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the channel 3 comprises at a first end edge 4 a first so-called outer opening 8 of communication to the first medium A and a first so-called inner opening 9 of communication to the second medium B.
  • the second end edge 6 comprises the second end edge 6 a second so-called outer opening 13 of communication to the first medium A and a second opening said inner 14 communication to the second medium B.
  • At least one of the inner openings 9 or / and 14, and / or outer 8 or / and 13, that includes the channel 3 is designed to be closed, in particular by means of shutter controlled by piloting means.
  • Any panel 1 may have all or part or none of the side openings, but must include the channel 3.
  • a panel 1, or a stack of such panels 1, having such openings, upper and lower, towards the first medium A and the second medium B may advantageously be used, as can be seen in FIG. 5, according to the openings which the use is made, depending on the climatic conditions, times, and temperature differentials between the first medium A said external and the second medium B said internal.
  • the concealment of the openings 9 and 14 favors an external-external flux.
  • the concealment of the openings 9 and 13 favors an external-internal flow 41.
  • the concealment of the openings 8 and 13 favors an internal-internal flow 42.
  • the concealment of the openings 8 and 14 favors an internal-external flow 40. It is thus understood that it is thus possible, depending on the circumstances, to regulate the temperature of an internal medium B.
  • the stacking of the panels 1 makes it possible to constitute a column of great height relative to that of each panel, which makes it possible to ensure a certain draw, and therefore a renewal of air at a high rate of flow within the interior environment B.
  • a purpose of the invention is to allow obtaining a large temperature differential between the air entering the lower part of the stack of panels 1, and the air exiting at the top of this stack.
  • At least one solar radiation-reactive panel 1 is integrated in a cladding device 100, which can then be used as an energy regulator for the interior medium B in the building.
  • At least one panel 1 comprises at least one oblique opening 15 between the channel 3 and the second face 10, preferably arranged upwards obliquely toward the internal medium B, and which is dimensioned by so as to allow the passage of a lower portion to a certain portion of the flow rate of the flow flowing in the channel 3, in particular less than 25%.
  • This opening 15 makes it possible to generate an upward air flow 44 in the medium B, along the wall constituted by the stacking and / or the juxtaposition of panels 1, IA, IB, IC, at a second face 10 that these panels comprise.
  • This upward air flow 44 draws air located in the vicinity of the ground 48, and creates a destratification flow 45.
  • a substantially horizontal partition 46 can be formed between the volume of the medium B and the zone output, through the upper internal opening 14C of the IC panel located highest, an air flow 49 flowing in the channel 3 common to the panels 1, IA, IB, IC.
  • This partition 46 brings back the flow 45 and the flow 49 at a mouth 47 where their junction takes place, and which tends to return to the ground 48 a flow 90.
  • the hollow panel 1 comprises, at its first end edge 4, respectively at its second end edge 6, a first strip 16, respectively a second strip 17, comprising first bearing and guiding means 18, respectively second support means and guide 19, designed to allow its assembly by stacking with another hollow panel 1 of the same type.
  • This strip 16, respectively 17, has a bearing and sealing surface 20, respectively 21, for the sealing juxtaposition of the first opening 5, respectively the second opening 7, of the panel 1, with the second opening 7 , respectively the first opening 5, of an adjacent panel 1, as visible in Figure 3 at the junction between the second opening 7A of the panel IA, and the first opening 5B of the panel IB.
  • the first support and guide means 18 and the second 19 may be advantageously designed, either of complementary profile to each other, or of identical profile to each other. In the latter case, this profile is designed able to cooperate with a profile complementary that includes a rail attached to the structure of a building, to which is fixed the panel 1. The positioning, support and guidance are then made by such a smooth. In the case of juxtaposition of panels 1, they are mounted on either side of such smooth.
  • the fixing of the panels to such a connecting piece incorporates a locking function in position.
  • the first strip 16, respectively the second strip 17, comprises a first bearing surface 22, respectively a second bearing surface 23, which is designed adapted to cooperate with strapping means 80 for closure or and fixing the panel 1, in particular for closing and / or fixing a peripheral structure 55 forming a structural frame of the panel 1, on which are fixed the first face 2 and the second face 10.
  • a panel 1 may comprise several removable elements, in particular the first receiver 50.
  • the panel 1 comprises a removable structure, including the first strip 16 and the second strip 17, and any cheeks called first 53 and second 54 sleepers, on faces side 33 and 34, on both sides of the second face 10 and the first face 2 which preferably, the largest areas of the panel 1.
  • the binding of these strips and of these crosspieces is advantageously effected by one or more straps 80 stretched around the periphery of the panel 1.
  • the bearing surfaces 22 and 23 are preferably suitable designed grooves. to receive the or straps 80, either directly or by means of elastic materials. Strap tensioning means, in particular eccentric, are advantageously directly integrated in the panel 1, at one of its banners or its possible lateral crosspieces.
  • a peripheral structure 55 with four sides the first strip 16 and the second strip 17 are joined, at their level. ends, by a first 53 and a second 54 lateral crosspieces, respectively joining at first ends, and at second ends, the first end edge 4 to the second end edge 6.
  • a lateral cross member 53, respectively 54 may comprise a first lateral opening 35, respectively a second lateral opening 36.
  • each lateral cross member 53, 54 has a lateral opening 35, 36.
  • the panel 1 does not always include side rails. Indeed, in a current application of treatment of a facade or a roof over a full width, the channel 3 can be designed capable of communicating, at least one side face 33, 34, substantially perpendicular to the first end edge 4 or the second end edge 6, by a lateral opening 35, with a lateral opening that comprises another panel 1 of the same type for communication with an inner channel 3 of the other panel 1
  • This lateral opening 35 may, as shown in FIG. 1, occupy the entire lateral face of a panel 1.
  • the hollow panel 1 preferably comprises between channel 3 and a second face 10 designed adapted to be directed towards the second medium B said interior, and arranged in this order from the channel 3, heat exchange means 28, energy storage means 29, means This panel 1 is still able to contain, between the reflection means 30 and the second face 10, insulation means 31.
  • the second receiver 51 is constituted by all or part of these heat exchange means 28, energy storage means 29, reflection means 30, isolation means 31.
  • the heat exchange means 28 are constituted by the second receiver 51, or incorporated in the latter.
  • the second receiver 51 is mounted in a substantially vertical plane, and comprises, facing the first face 2, a volume profile, which is designed to maximize the shadow of the summer sun under strong incidences relative to the normal of the second receiver 51, and to minimize the shadow of the winter sun under low incidences compared to the normal of the second receiver 51.
  • the second receiver 51 is constituted by a condenser 110. it can, again, constitute heat exchange means 28, and / or energy storage means 29, and / or reflection means 30, and / or isolation means 31. In a preferred version of the invention, this condenser 110 is flexible.
  • This condenser 110 has a first face 112 designed adapted to be directed towards a thermal radiation, in particular the outside of a building or a hot source, and in particular solar radiation.
  • This condenser 110 is preferably airtight.
  • the condenser 110 is removable, and can be adapted for example according to the climatic conditions, and the panel 1 comprises housing for its positioning and fixing.
  • the condenser 110 is constituted by a textile web 203 stretched, with the same possibilities of coating and decor as the first receiver 50. This configuration has the advantage of an extremely low weight, and a great ease exchange.
  • the condenser 110 can receive a coating comprising a titanium oxide TiO 2 nanometric, or other catalyst also designed to promote the conversion of so-called volatile organic compounds VOCs in harmless elements, or CO to CO 2 , or NO to NO 2 .
  • the condenser 110 is translucent. It can also be constituted by a plate, and in particular by a translucent plate.
  • the condenser 110 comprises at least one surface treated by sanding or etching. This sanding or etching treatment can be applied regardless of the configuration of the condenser 110, even textile, and has the effect of increasing the exchange surface.
  • the condenser 110 may comprise, between its first face 112 and a second face 112A opposite to the latter, and arranged in this order from the first face 112, heat exchange means 28, means for accumulating heat. energy 29, reflection means 30.
  • This condenser 110 is still able to contain, between the reflection means 30 and the second face 112A, insulation means 31.
  • the condenser 110 is constituted by all or part of these means heat exchanger 28, energy storage means 29, reflection means 30, insulation means 31.
  • the condenser 110 is mounted in a substantially vertical plane, and comprises, turned towards the first face 112, a volume profile 113, which is designed to maximize the drop shadow of the summer sun under strong impacts by compared to the normal of the condenser 110, and to minimize the shadow of the winter sun under low incidences compared to the normal of said second receiver.
  • this volume profile 113 comprises a staggered juxtaposition of volumes 32 in half-drops of water, the bulged portion of which is disposed on the ground side, as can be seen in FIG. 8.
  • the condenser 110 is flexible, and in particular can be constituted by a textile shaped volume. This configuration is interesting if the channel 3 or the panel 1 is of large dimension, the condenser 110 can be prepared in the form of rolled footage, and unwound according to the use; this avoids the making of rigid condensers of great scope, more expensive or / and difficult to achieve.
  • the energy storage means 29 comprise a honeycomb structure 37 designed capable of containing an accumulator material and / or a phase change material, as can be seen in FIG. 9.
  • the condenser 110 is in the form of a left plate which has, on its face facing the second face 112A and opposite the first face 112, these energy storage means 29.
  • This configuration allows a reduction of the number of components and allows significant weight gain, especially when the condenser 110 is made of plastic.
  • the invention can also provide refrigeration functions.
  • the regulation of the thermal energy can, again, be supplemented by a regulation of the hygrometry between different A and B media.
  • the condenser 110 can then in particular be equipped with circulations of water, particularly by runoff, and / or communications between water tanks and desiccators or humidifiers as appropriate.
  • the second receiver 51 is equipped, on its face facing the first face 2, volumes in half-drops of water 32, and on its opposite face of bee nests 37, so that the meshes of these respective profiles on the opposite faces are staggered with each other.
  • each of the components of the cladding device 1 according to the invention can be considered as insulating.
  • the first end edge 4 is parallel and opposite to the second end edge 6.
  • the panel 1 is rectangular prismatic shape, including parailelepiped.
  • a panel may be completely open on an entire side, that is to say its first face 2 or its second face 10, the channel 3 is then in complete communication with the atmosphere of one of the A or B.
  • the dimensions of a panel 1 in two dimensions, called width and height, X and Z according to the example of Figure 1, are large in front of the third said thickness, according to Y in the same example, it is i.e. each at least five times larger than said thickness.
  • the flow of fluid, preferably air, flowing in the channel 3, is then comparable to a web.
  • the panels 1 or 101 are designed in size and mass, especially less than 25kg, allowing their handling by a single man with the force of arms.
  • the dimensions of 1500 x 1000 x 175 mm are particularly suitable for the applications described and allow to respect this mass limit, when the realization of the strips, faces and sleepers, results from the implementation of plastics such as PVC, PA or other .
  • the panels 1 according to the invention are juxtaposed to constitute a device 100 for cladding for building, front or roof, comprising at least two panels 1 of identical curvature between them, stackable in a vertical direction Z, whose 3 channels communicate. These panels 1 are still juxtaposed with each other in a direction X perpendicular to the vertical direction Z and tangential to the first faces 2 of the panels 1, which are still juxtaposed in another direction Y perpendicular to both the vertical direction Z and the direction X, with other panels 1 of the same type or with insulation panels 101.
  • an insulation panel 101 is juxtaposed to an inner communication opening 9 or 14 of a panel 1, it then comprises at least one through opening 11 designed to be juxtaposed with this opening .
  • the invention makes it possible to create a volume of convective flow air over the entire surface of a cladding, in particular of a facade or roof of a building, by means of juxtaposed elements and / or stacked elements. in particular each having a mass of less than 25 kg and a size of less than or equal to 1500 x 1000 x 200 mm, facilitating and reducing the costs of transport and laying.
  • the cladding device 100 consisting of panels 1 according to the invention thus makes it possible to achieve at lower cost the same convective performance as an outer wall which would be built in a monobloc manner, therefore difficult and expensive to produce, requiring high staff. qualification.
  • the device according to the invention is, still, scalable, and allows to change, by permutation or / and removal or / and addition of panel, the technical or / and aesthetic features of a facade or a roof.
  • the invention is described preferentially for the external envelope of a building, because of the naturally important temperature difference between the first external medium A and the second internal medium B. It is understood that the invention is applicable to the manufacture any wall, even internal to a building, between two environments A and B of different thermal characteristics, for example between offices and factory halls.
  • the invention can also provide refrigeration functions.
  • the regulation of the thermal energy can, again, be supplemented by a regulation of the hygrometry between different A and B media.
  • the channel 3 can then notably be equipped with water circulation, especially by runoff, and / or communications between water tanks and desiccators or humidifiers as appropriate.
  • the invention also relates to a device 201 for fixing and energizing a flexible sheet 203.
  • This is designed to form a first perforated receiver. 50, or conceived capable of constituting a second receiver 51, in the case where one chooses the latter as being flexible.
  • This flexible ply 203 may thus have a technical function, such as absorption, reflection, filtration, protection, and / or a decorative function of a decorative support medium or the like.
  • such a flexible sheet 203 can therefore still be used to constitute heat exchange means 28, and / or energy storage means 29, and / or reflection means 30, and / or isolation means 31.
  • the invention seeks the use of lightweight materials, easily and quickly removable, to bring new features to a facade or a building cover: a variable appearance over time, a thermal regulation of the temperature in the building, and this as easily for the renovation of an existing facade or roof, by plating of inserts, as for the construction of a new external cladding.
  • Fixing and energizing the flexible ply 203 is carried out by pressing on at least a first bearing surface
  • these bearing surfaces 204 and 205 which are designed as end bearing surfaces of a section of the flexible sheet 203 deployed at this intermediate surface 202, are supports at least: the flexible sheet 203 can still be supported, or any at least limited in its movement, by intermediate bearing surfaces, not shown in the figures, and interposed between the surfaces 204 and 205.
  • the intermediate surface 202 is planar, it is possible, of course, to design other embodiments, according to which the flexible sheet 203 is stretched in a left-handed form, for example with flat surfaces.
  • the tablecloth flexible 203 may incorporate surfaces shaped ad hoc, for example by molding or the like.
  • the device 201 makes it possible to tension the flexible ply 203 as close as possible to the intermediate surface 202.
  • this intermediate surface 202 may be either a solid surface as can be seen in FIG. , as shown in Figure 11, an opening defined by a cut in a structure, in particular a planar structure if the intermediate surface 202 is chosen as flat.
  • the flexible sheet 203 performs a particular function of closing the intermediate surface 202.
  • the invention makes it possible to carry out a preparation at the least cost of the flexible ply 203 before it is laid.
  • this preparation relates to the prior equipment of two opposite end edges.
  • the device 201 comprises at least one first strip 210 and at least one second strip 211, each designed capable of immobilizing the flexible sheet 203 at a first end edge 208, respectively at a second end edge 209.
  • These rods 210 and 211 can take different forms. Preferably, they are each made in the form of a profile, having a slot or a groove for accommodating the end of the flexible sheet 203.
  • the maintenance of this can be done in different ways: by jamming or pinching the rod which is then elastic, by sewing, gluing, heat sealing, heat sealing, crimping, or the like.
  • the flexible ply 203 can still be held in its housing by a complementary piece of simple shape such as a corner or a straight rod. All these technologies are very easy to implement, and it is possible to equip a flexible web of large width, for example two meters, without particular problem.
  • a flexible sheet 203 of large dimensions it can be equipped, at each of its end edges 208, 209, a succession of rods 210, respectively 211, these successive rods can be articulated to each other. others, like fiberglass or carbon tubular tent poles, which represent a particularly species.
  • the first 210 and / or the second rod 211 also comprises, at one end at least, an extraction member, such as a ring, hook or the like, designed to facilitate the removal of the flexible ply 203. .
  • the device 201 comprises a structure composed of at least a first strip 212 and a second strip 214.
  • a first groove 213 extends in a first substantially longitudinal direction D1.
  • a second groove 215 extends in a second substantially longitudinal direction D2. This first groove 213 and this second groove 215 are each designed to receive over its entire length the first rod 210 or the second rod 211.
  • each groove can be designed to accept cooperation with only one type of rod, for example with a polarizer such as a dish or the like, or with a dimension, in particular a diameter, determined for the rod and the designed housing adapted to receive it.
  • the first groove 213, respectively the second groove 215, is further provided, at a first inlet end 220, respectively at a second inlet end 221, with first insertion means 216 and second insertion means 217 respectively.
  • the first insertion means 216, or / and respectively said second insertion means 217 comprise a first channel 224 designed adapted to receive the first rod 210, respectively a second channel 225 designed adapted to receive the second rod 211, and they still include a first ramp 218, respectively a second ramp 219, designed adapted to serve as a support for the flexible sheet 203 equipped with the first rod 210 and second rod 211.
  • a slot allows the flexible sheet 203 to exit the first groove 213 or the second groove 215, to bypass the ramp 218 or 219 as appropriate.
  • the first ramp 218, respectively second ramp 219 is of increasing section in the direction of introduction of the rod 210 or 211, between the first input end 220, respectively the second input end 221, and a central zone 222 of the first groove 213, respectively a median zone 223 of the second groove 215, so as to tension the flexible ply 203 during the introduction of the first rod 210 into the first channel 224 and the second rod 211 into the second channel 225.
  • the first ramp 218, respectively the second ramp 219 is made of elastic material for exerting on the flexible sheet 203, mounted in abutment on said ramp 218 or 219, an effort of tensioning.
  • the first channel 224, respectively the second channel 225 extends to an end stop 207 designed able to stop the first rod 210, respectively the second rod 211.
  • the first ramp 218, respectively the second ramp 219 is preferably constituted by a frustoconical sector of axis parallel to the first direction D1, respectively to the second direction D2.
  • This shape, or alternatively the widening section of a variant shown in Figure 15, may, in the preferred case of a plastic embodiment, be injectable in a simple mold.
  • first groove 213 and the second groove 215 are each equipped with a ramp 218 and 219 is preferred.
  • This configuration makes it possible, in particular, to use strips 212 and 214 made of lightweight materials, such as only materials plastics, while having sufficient elasticity to achieve a good power of the flexible sheet 203, even when it is made of a rigid material, such as a mesh.
  • the first channel 224 is thus made of an elastic material and has a resting section smaller than that of the first rod.
  • the first channel 224 is open in a generatrix on which a first flange 226, or a second flange 227, made in a substantially radial manner, is supported in a substantially radial manner.
  • elastic and designed material capable of serving to support the flexible sheet 203 and to exert on it a tensioning force.
  • the pre-tensioning action at the introduction of the flexible ply 203 into the device 201 is thus completed by tension-holding means constituted by the elastic flanges 226 and 227.
  • the first channel 224 respectively the second channel 225, comprises a curvature 230, respectively 231, bringing its median zone closer to the intermediate surface 202 located between said first strip 212 and said second strip 214, substantially parallel to the intermediate surface 202, and in particular in a plane parallel to this intermediate surface 202 if the latter is chosen flat.
  • the first wing 226, respectively the second wing 227 has a curvature 230A, respectively 231A, bringing its median zone closer to the intermediate surface 202 situated between said first strip 212 and said second strip 214, substantially parallel to the intermediate surface 202, and in a plane parallel to that of this intermediate surface 202 if this is chosen plane.
  • a similar effect can be obtained by varying the section or thickness of the channels 224 and 225, and / or wings 226 and 227, which are thicker in the central zone, to obtain a voltage differential between the middle zone and the end zones, that is to say abutment and introduction of each rod.
  • the first wing 226, respectively the second wing 227 is of greater thickness in the median zone, so as to generate a voltage differential between the central zone and the end zones, be of abutment and introduction each baguette.
  • the first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are straight lines.
  • the first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are parallel.
  • the intermediate surface 202 is flat.
  • the rods 210 and 211 may, depending on the case, be rigid or flexible.
  • the mounting mode may differ at both ends, one of which may consist of a simple slot in which is threaded the flexible sheet 203, provided with stop means on this slot, such as a hem incorporating a wand or the like.
  • Photovoltaic cells appear on the market on flexible support, and can be arranged on reels-unwinders to be deployed on demand. for the production of electrical energy.
  • current media do not allow all curvatures, and current media can not be powered up for adaptation to a particular left shape.
  • the second receiver 51 is constituted by a condenser 110, in particular in its version comprising profiles in half-drops of water 32 on its face towards the outside of the building, and profiles in nesting nests. bee 37 on its face towards the interior of the building.
  • the invention authorizes, in a particular embodiment, the design of easy to handle panels by a single man, easily juxtaposed and ensuring the continuity of an inner channel 3, it also allows the design of positioning devices and tensioning of flexible plies 203, and in particular in large dimensions, for example on the height of a building in a single strip.
  • a device 201 as described above is adaptable indifferently to the equipment of a modular hollow panel 1, or to a facade or complete building coverage.
  • the S / S 'ratio increases with the altitude in the particular case where an air suction or extraction device of the channel 3 is installed, in the highest part of the latter by ground ratio. It is therefore possible to play, either on the section S of the sheath widening as one goes up, or on the section S 'of the first perforated receiver 50, or on both in combination.
  • section S ' it is possible to choose to join strips with different perforation openings, or even more simply and economically, while keeping the same perforated receiver structure 50, in particular flexible sheet 203 from bottom to top, but to hide a variable portion according to the altitude, for example, simply with a mask in the form of a non-perforated triangular-shaped band plated on the first perforated receiver 50 .
  • the use of flexible and removable plies in the building industry has many advantages: low cost, low weight, consequently reduced risk in the event of a fall on site, very simple preparation, small encumbrance in wrapped form and thus transport and economical lifting, great ease of installation, ease of disassembly and exchange, ease of recovery and recycling.
  • the invention provides means for covering a facade or building cover with a first perforated receiver 50, which is both removable and flexible.
  • This first perforated receiver 50 in the form of a flexible sheet 203, is, in a preferred embodiment, doubly removable: the flexible sheet 203 is stretched between two bearing surfaces 204 and 205, or at the level of the entire a facade or cover, either at the level of a panel 1 which is a constituent element of a structure 100 of this facade or cover.
  • This flexible sheet 203 is, in all cases, easily removable housing disposed on either side of these bearing surfaces 204 and 205. When it is disposed at a panel 1 constituting a module, it benefits from the removability of the latter, and is therefore removable in two ways: either with the panel module 1 itself, or out of the housing arranged on the latter.
  • the perforated receiver 50 can be changed from the bottom or the top of a facade or cover. It can also be fixed to a frame consisting of a panel 1 or attached to a panel 1, or a frame attached to the facade or cover considered.
  • a flexible sheet 203 is affixed over the entire height, or over the entire width, a frontage or a cover, in front of a plurality of panels 1 or cladding elements, it can be mounted through, if these panels or cladding elements themselves comprise an outer surface for example translucent, glazed or polycarbonate or the like, or if they have on their outer face another first perforated receiver 50.
  • the flexible sheet 203 is then stretched in an inner channel 3 formed at the rear of the outer surface that comprise the panels or cladding elements. It is preferably stretched between two bearing surfaces 204 and 205 disposed at the ends of the facade element or cover to be dressed.
  • this first receiver 50 consists of a flexible sheet has solar control functions, so as to optimize its thermal performance.
  • it can for example be chosen white and reflective in summer, and black and absorbent in winter.
  • the use of another flexible ply 203, mounted at a distance from the first, for constituting the second receiver 51, and the inner channel 3 separating it from the first receiver 50 allows very fast equipment, inexpensively, without the need for scaffolding or heavy handling equipment such as a crane: a simple nacelle is sufficient to place one or more devices 201 for holding and powering as many flexible sheets 203.
  • the latter can then be introduced from an upper end, weighted for deployment, and then fixed for their power to a bottom end, be presented as a roll 65 from the bottom of the facade or cover.
  • this roll is pushed with a tool 64 to present it at its upper housing 66.
  • This tool 64 can be either removable or remain integrated to the front, including stored in lateral housing that includes the structure dressing, or inside the guide means 61, designed to serve as guide means for this roller during its installation, as shown in Figure 22.
  • the flexible ply 203 is mounted on a deformable frame 75 constituting an alternative device 201 for fixing and tensioning the flexible ply, designed to cooperate with guides.
  • lateral 61, or slides that comprises a structure 100 of panels 1 or 69, or which are plated on the facade or roof of the building.
  • this deformable frame 75 comprises two end plates 76 each carrying one end of the flexible band. Each of these end plates 76 cooperates at each of its ends with a deformable lateral armature 77.
  • this lateral armature 77 comprises sections 78, for example fiberglass or carbon, articulated together, and comprising, at each articulation, resilient return means designed suitable for ensure and maintain the alignment of the sections 78 between them, when the latter sections 78 are pushed into this alignment position, in particular bearing on the lateral guides 61. It is thus possible to thread into the guide means 61 a upper end frame 76, with each side a first section 78, the other sections being folded over each other and forming a bundle at the operator. It then unfolds a second section 78 on each side, the plate in the guide 61 in alignment with the previous one, and so on, rises the entire deformable frame 75, which takes a rectangular shape when it is finished.
  • sections 78 for example fiberglass or carbon
  • Plating in the guide 61 of the very last section 78 associated with the other lower end armature 76 ensures the tensioning of the flexible sheet 203.
  • This deformable frame 75 can, thanks to the use of lightweight tubular materials, as used in fishing equipment or for the manufacture of antennas or masts, remain of a very small mass, of the order of one or a few kilograms, even for a long extended length of the flexible ply 203, by example a height of facade of several floors.
  • the flexible ply 203 consists of several sections, each stretched over a deformable frame 85, designed to cooperate with such guides 61.
  • This deformable frame 85 constituting another variant of the fixing device 201 and of tensioning of flexible ply, comprises, as visible in FIGS.
  • each frame 85 comprises at a first end, drive means 88, which are designed to cooperate with complementary drive means 89 equipping a second end of another frame 85 of the same type, as visible in Figures 26 and 27.
  • the cooperation between the means 88 and 89 can be articulated, for example with a finger or a lug cooperating with a bore or a complementary housing, or the like.
  • This cooperation means 88 and 89 makes it possible to form a chain, mobile in compression as well as in tension.
  • the means 88 and 89 are still sliding pads in the guides 61.
  • means 88 and 89 are installed on either side of the flexible band 203, as shown in the figures.
  • a translucent panel 60 such as glazing, polycarbonate or the like.
  • the latter can advantageously be formed so as to create one or more lateral guide means 61 such as grooves or the like, for guiding a flexible sheet 203 constituting the first perforated receiver 50.
  • the guiding is done by sides 67 which then comprises the panel 60 for enclosing the panel 1 or the box on which he relies on.
  • the translucent panels 60 In the preferred application of a completely modular cladding structure 100, incorporating hollow panels 1 as described above, or / and still the caissons of the trade, in particular sheet metal boxes, it is advantageous to design the translucent panels 60 also in modular form.
  • these panels have a first end 62 designed adapted to cooperate by interlocking with a second end 63, opposite the first end 62, of another panel 60 of the same type.
  • the panel 60 has a trapezoidal shape, whose bases are constituted by the ends 62 and 63, as visible in FIG. 21. The folding of the polycarbonate along straight edges is easy, to achieve such a shape.
  • a panel 60 is mounted overlapping on the one located below it, to prevent the penetration of bad weather. This interlocking nevertheless allows to provide an air passage between these two panels 60, which may be advantageous to avoid condensation.
  • FIG. 18 comprises hollow panels 1, or / and compartments of the trade 69, which comprise at a first end 70 support means 71, designed to cooperate with receiving means 73 which is provided at a second end 72 another box 69 or another panel 1, located below it.
  • the surface 74 of these panels 1 or caissons 69 turned towards the first medium A, can constitute a second receiver 51. It is moreover possible to improve the thermal behavior of this surface 74, by the application of a selective coating, such as black paint, surface treatment, reloading, or the like.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates the case where the second receiver 51 is constituted by a condenser 110, in particular also constituted by a flexible sheet unwound in the inner channel 3.

Abstract

The invention relates to a trimming method for a building facade, according to which a primary perforated receiver (50) is placed remote from a second receiver (51) mounted onto the structure of said building or constituting the same, by providing, between said second receiver (1) and said perforated first receiver (50), an air circulation channel (3). The method is characterized in that said first detachable perforated receiver (50), comprising a flexible sheet (203) or constituting the same, is selected. The invention further relates to a hollow panel (1) for implementing said method. The invention also relates to a condenser (110) designed to constitute said second receiver (51) for implementing said method. The invention further relates to a device for attaching and powering (201) a flexible sheet (203) designed so constitute said first receiver (50) for implementing said method.

Description

PROCEDE ET DISPOSITIF D'HABILLAGE DE FAÇADE OU DE COUVERTURE DE BATIMENT. METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FASTENING FACADE OR BUILDING COVER.
L'invention concerne un procédé d'habillage de façade ou de couverture d'un bâtiment, selon lequel on dispose au moins un premier récepteur perforé, à distance d'un second récepteur rapporté sur la structure dudit bâtiment ou constitué par ladite structure, de façon à ménager, entre ledit second récepteur et ledit premier récepteur perforé le plus proche de ce dernier, un canal de circulation d'air. L'invention concerne encore un panneau creux, conçu apte à être fixé à la structure d'un bâtiment, et réactif au rayonnement thermique, notamment solaire, comportant, entre une première face conçue apte à être dirigée vers un premier milieu, et une seconde face conçue apte à être dirigée vers un second milieu, au moins un canal intérieur de circulation de fluide, notamment d'air, s 'étendant entre une première ouverture située à une première bordure d'extrémité, et une seconde ouverture située à une seconde bordure d'extrémité, ledit canal intérieur s' étendant entre d'une part au moins un premier récepteur perforé conçu apte à être exposé à un rayonnement thermique du côté de ladite première face, et d'autre part au moins un second récepteur étanche à l'air du côté de ladite seconde face .The invention relates to a method of covering the facade or roof of a building, according to which there is at least one perforated first receiver, at a distance from a second receiver attached to the structure of said building or constituted by said structure, arranging, between said second receiver and said first perforated receiver closest to the latter, an air circulation channel. The invention further relates to a hollow panel, designed to be fixed to the structure of a building, and reactive to thermal radiation, including solar, comprising, between a first designed face adapted to be directed to a first medium, and a second designed face adapted to be directed towards a second medium, at least one internal channel for circulating fluid, especially air, extending between a first opening located at a first end edge, and a second opening located at a second end edge, said inner channel extending between on the one hand at least one first perforated receptacle designed to be exposed to thermal radiation on the side of said first face, and secondly at least one second receptacle sealed to the air on the side of said second face.
L'invention concerne encore un condenseur conçu apte à constituer ledit second récepteur. L'invention concerne encore un dispositif de fixation et de mise sous tension dudit premier récepteur .The invention also relates to a condenser designed capable of constituting said second receiver. The invention also relates to a device for fixing and energizing said first receiver.
La présente invention entre dans le domaine du bâtiment, tant en construction neuve qu'en rénovation.The present invention is in the field of building, both new construction and renovation.
L'invention concerne plus particulièrement le bardage extérieur pour bâtiment, de façade ou de toiture, et tout particulièrement la recherche d' optimisation énergétique entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du bâtiment.The invention relates more particularly to external cladding for building, facade or roof, and especially the search for energy optimization between the interior and exterior of the building.
L'économie de l'énergie est la préoccupation principale des concepteurs de bâtiments. L'utilisation des ressources naturelles, telle que l'énergie solaire, est connue, essentiellement sous forme de panneaux photovoltaiques producteurs d'énergie électrique, ou sous forme de panneaux solaires à circulation d'eau.Energy saving is the main concern of building designers. The use of natural resources, such as solar energy, is known, mainly in the form of photovoltaic panels producing electrical energy, or in the form of solar panels with water circulation.
La plupart des applications de ce genre concernent des équipements de toiture, et la plupart du temps en surtoiture, ce qui se traduit par une nécessité de renforcement de la charpente, des coûts élevés, et un aspect esthétique médiocre.Most applications of this type involve roofing equipment, and most of the time over-roofing, which translates into a need for structural reinforcement, high costs, and a poor aesthetic appearance.
Peu d' installations utilisent des surfaces verticales de façade. Or, même si leur orientation par rapport aux rayons solaires peut s'avérer moins favorable qu'un plan incliné de toiture , la surface développée des façades orientées face au soleil est conséquente et sous-utilisée.Few installations use vertical facade surfaces. However, even if their orientation with respect to the solar rays can prove to be less favorable than an inclined plane of roofing, the developed surface of the facades directed towards the sun is consequent and underutilized.
L'invention a pour but de pallier les inconvénients de l'état de la technique en proposant d' incorporer des fonctionnalités notamment énergétiques par la mise en œuvre d' un procédé d'habillage de façade ou de couverture d'un bâtiment, permettant de remplacer la peau d'un bâtiment ou de la doubler, ce procédé mettant en oeuvre des éléments à assemblage réversible et facile, et intégrant des récepteurs-capteurs d'énergie particuliers, de façon à constituer un dispositif actif, facilement accessible pour la maintenance, et apte à exercer une action de régulation sur la température à l'intérieur d'un bâtiment, de façon à permettre une économie d' énergie conséquente .The aim of the invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art by proposing the incorporation of particularly energetic functionalities by the implementation of a method of covering the facade or covering of a building, making it possible to to replace the skin of a building or to double it, this process using elements with reversible and easy assembly, and integrating particular energy receivers-sensors, so as to constitute an active device, easily accessible for maintenance, and able to exert a regulating action on the temperature inside a building, so as to allow a consequent saving of energy.
L'invention vise en particulier à améliorer le rendement thermique d'un habillage de façade ou de toiture, et à l'adapter aux paramètres de son environnement, notamment saisonniers et météorologiques . Cette adaptation doit pouvoir être obtenue par un échange facile de composants amovibles et de faible coût unitaire .The invention aims in particular to improve the thermal performance of a cladding facade or roof, and to adapt to the parameters of its environment, including seasonal and meteorological. This adaptation must be able to be obtained by an easy exchange of removable components and low unit cost.
A cet effet, l'invention concerne un procédé d'habillage de façade ou de couverture d'un bâtiment, selon lequel on dispose au moins un premier récepteur perforé, à distance d'un second récepteur rapporté sur la structure dudit bâtiment ou constitué par ladite structure, de façon à ménager, entre ledit second récepteur et ledit premier récepteur perforé le plus proche de ce dernier, un canal de circulation d'air, caractérisé par le fait qu'on choisit un tel premier récepteur perforé comportant une nappe souple ou constitué par une telle nappe souple .For this purpose, the invention relates to a method of covering the façade or roof of a building, according to which there is at least one perforated first receiver, at a distance from a second receiver attached to the structure of said building or constituted by said structure, so as to arrange, between said second receiver and said first perforated receiver closest to the latter, an air circulation channel, characterized in that one chooses such a perforated first receiver comprising a flexible sheet or constituted by such a flexible sheet.
Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, on incorpore ledit premier récepteur perforé dans un panneau creux conçu apte à être incorporé dans un dispositif de bardage extérieur, constitué par la juxtaposition de tels panneaux.According to one characteristic of the invention, said first perforated receiver in a hollow panel designed adapted to be incorporated in an external cladding device, consisting of the juxtaposition of such panels.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, on choisit ledit premier récepteur perforé souple, et on le tend en applique devant ladite façade ou couverture , par le moyen d' au moins un dispositif de fixation et de mise sous tension d'une nappe souple, incorporée audit premier récepteur perforé, ou le constituant.According to another characteristic of the invention, said first flexible perforated receiver is chosen, and it is applied in front of said facade or cover, by means of at least one device for fastening and energizing a flexible sheet. incorporated in said first perforated receiver, or component thereof.
L'invention concerne encore un tel panneau creux, conçu apte à être fixé à la structure d'un bâtiment, et réactif au rayonnement thermique , notamment solaire , comportant , entre une première face conçue apte à être dirigée vers un premier milieu, et une seconde face conçue apte à être dirigée vers un second milieu, au moins un canal intérieur de circulation de fluide, notamment d'air, s 'étendant entre une première ouverture située à une première bordure d'extrémité, et une seconde ouverture située à une seconde bordure d'extrémité, ledit canal intérieur s' étendant entre d'une part au moins un premier récepteur perforé conçu apte à être exposé à un rayonnement thermique du côté de ladite première face, et d'autre part au moins un second récepteur étanche à l'air du côté de ladite seconde face .The invention also relates to such a hollow panel, designed to be fixed to the structure of a building, and reactive to thermal radiation, including solar, comprising, between a first designed face adapted to be directed towards a first medium, and a second side designed adapted to be directed towards a second medium, at least one inner channel of fluid circulation, in particular air, extending between a first opening located at a first end edge, and a second opening located at a first second end edge, said inner channel extending between firstly at least a first perforated receptacle designed to be exposed to thermal radiation on the side of said first face, and secondly at least a second sealed receiver in the air on the side of said second face.
L'invention concerne encore un condenseur conçu apte à constituer un tel second récepteur.The invention also relates to a condenser designed capable of constituting such a second receiver.
L'invention concerne encore un tel dispositif de fixation et de mise sous tension d' une telle nappe souple .The invention also relates to such a device for fixing and energizing such a flexible sheet.
L'invention concerne encore un condenseur pour panneau réactif au rayonnement thermique , notamment solaire .The invention also relates to a condenser for a panel that is sensitive to thermal radiation, in particular solar radiation.
L'invention permet de modifier à la fois l'aspect extérieur et les performances thermiques d'un bâtiment, dans le souci de la sécurité des personnels, et d'une mise en œuvre facile et économique .The invention makes it possible to modify both the external appearance and the thermal performance of a building, in the interest of personnel safety, and of an easy and economical implementation.
D ' autres caractéristiques et avantages de l ' invention ressortiront de la description détaillée qui va suivre des modes de réalisation non limitatifs de l'invention, en référence aux figures annexées dans lesquelles :Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the following detailed description of the nonlimiting embodiments of the invention, with reference to the appended figures in which:
- la figure 1 représente de façon schématisée, partielle et en perspective, un dispositif de bardage constitué de plusieurs panneaux selon l'invention, présentés disjoints pour faciliter la compréhension ;- Figure 1 shows schematically, partially and in perspective, a cladding device consisting of several panels according to the invention, presented disjoint for ease of understanding;
- la figure 2 est une vue analogue à la figure 1, vue de côté selon la direction X;- Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1, side view in the direction X;
- la figure 3 représente de façon schématisée, partielle et en coupe, un ensemble de panneaux selon l'invention, installé à l'intérieur d'un bâtiment, et les flux d'air associés ;- Figure 3 shows schematically, partially and in section, a set of panels according to the invention, installed inside a building, and associated air flows;
- la figure 4 représente de façon schématisée , partielle et en coupe transversale, un panneau selon l'invention ;- Figure 4 shows schematically, partially and in cross section, a panel according to the invention;
- la figure 5 représente de façon schématisée , et en coupe transversale, un panneau selon l'invention, et les différents flux d'air dans ce panneau ; la figure 6 représente de façon schématisée et en perspective la structure d'un panneau selon l'invention ;- Figure 5 shows schematically, and in cross section, a panel according to the invention, and the different air flows in this panel; Figure 6 shows schematically and in perspective the structure of a panel according to the invention;
- la figure 7 représente de façon schématisée , partielle et en perspective, un dispositif de bardage constitué de plusieurs panneaux selon l'invention ; la figure 8 représente de façon schématisée et en perspective, sur une première face, la structure d'un condenseur constituant un second récepteur dans un mode préféré de réalisation de l ' invention ; la figure 9 représente de façon schématisée et en perspective la structure de la figure 8, au niveau de la face opposée à la précédente ;- Figure 7 shows schematically, partially and in perspective, a cladding device consisting of several panels according to the invention; Figure 8 schematically shows in perspective, on a first face, the structure of a condenser constituting a second receiver in a preferred embodiment of the invention; Figure 9 shows schematically and in perspective the structure of Figure 8, at the opposite side to the previous;
- la figure 10 représente de façon schématisée, partielle et en coupe transversale, une variante de la figure 4 ; la figure 11 représente, de façon schématisée et en perspective, un dispositif selon l'invention, avec une nappe souple montée ;- Figure 10 shows schematically, partially and in cross section, a variant of Figure 4; Figure 11 shows schematically and in perspective, a device according to the invention, with a flexible sheet mounted;
- la figure 12 représente , de façon schématisée , partielle et en perspective, une partie des moyens de mise sous tension d'une nappe souple selon l'invention;- Figure 12 shows, schematically, partially and in perspective, a portion of the tensioning means of a flexible sheet according to the invention;
- la figure 13 représente, de façon schématisée, partielle et en perspective, une zone d'introduction d'une nappe souple dans un dispositif selon l'invention ; - la figure 14 est analogue à la figure 13, selon un autre angle ;- Figure 13 shows schematically, partially and in perspective, an insertion zone of a flexible web in a device according to the invention; - Figure 14 is similar to Figure 13, at another angle;
- la figure 15 représente, de façon schématisée, partielle et en perspective, une variante de cette zone d'introduction ; - la figure 16 représente, de façon schématisée, partielle et en vue de face, la zone d'introduction des figures 13 et 14 ;FIG. 15 represents, schematically, partially and in perspective, a variant of this introduction zone; FIG. 16 is a schematic partial representation of the introduction zone of FIGS. 13 and 14 in front view;
- la figure 17 représente, de façon schématisée, partielle et de dessus selon une normale à une surface plane, une variante du dispositif selon l'invention, avec une nappe souple montée ; - la figure 18 représente, de façon schématisée et en coupe verticale, un dispositif d'habillage de façade dans un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention ;- Figure 17 shows, schematically, partially and from above according to a normal to a flat surface, a variant of the device according to the invention, with a flexible sheet mounted; - Figure 18 shows, schematically and in vertical section, a facade cladding device in a particular embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 19 représente, de façon schématisée et en coupe horizontale selon CC, une variante de réalisation de la figure 18 ; - la figure 20 représente, de façon analogue à la figure 19, une autre variante de réalisation ; la figure 21 représente, de façon schématisée et en élévation, un assemblage de panneaux translucides que comporte la réalisation de la figure 18 ; - la figure 22 illustre, de façon schématisée et en élévation, un outillage de pose d'une nappe souple que comporte la réalisation de la figure 18 ;- Figure 19 shows schematically and in horizontal section along CC, an alternative embodiment of Figure 18; - Figure 20 shows, in a similar manner to Figure 19, another alternative embodiment; Figure 21 shows, schematically and in elevation, an assembly of translucent panels that comprises the embodiment of Figure 18; FIG. 22 schematically and in elevation shows a tool for laying a flexible sheet that comprises the embodiment of FIG. 18;
- la figure 23 illustre une autre variante de pose et mise sous tension d' une telle nappe souple ; - les figures 24 à 27 illustrent une autre variante encore de pose et mise sous tension d'une telle nappe souple, la figure 24 en perspective partielle, la figure 25 en élévation, et les figures 26 et 27 en vue de côté depuis le plan de la nappe souple .- Figure 23 illustrates another variant of laying and powering such a flexible sheet; FIGS. 24 to 27 illustrate another variant of laying and energizing such a flexible sheet, FIG. 24 in partial perspective, FIG. 25 in elevation, and FIGS. 26 and 27 in side view from the plane. of the flexible tablecloth.
L'invention concerne un procédé d'habillage de façade ou de couverture d'un bâtiment, selon lequel on dispose au moins un premier récepteur perforé 50, à distance d'un second récepteur 51 rapporté sur la structure dudit bâtiment ou constitué par ladite structure, de façon à ménager, entre ledit second récepteur 51 et ledit premier récepteur perforé 50 le plus proche de ce dernier, un canal 3 de circulation d'air, caractérisé par le fait qu'on choisit un tel premier récepteur perforé 50 amovible et comportant une nappe souple 203 ou constitué par une telle nappe souple 203.The invention relates to a method of covering the facade or roof of a building, according to which there is at least one perforated first receiver 50, at a distance from a second receiver 51 attached to the structure of said building or constituted by said structure , so as to arrange, between said second receiver 51 and said first perforated receiver 50 closest to the latter, a channel 3 for air circulation, characterized in that one chooses such a first removable perforated receptacle 50 and comprising a flexible sheet 203 or constituted by such a flexible sheet 203.
Dans un premier mode de réalisation, tel que visible sur les figures 1 à 7 , le premier récepteur perforé 50 est incorporé dans un panneau 1. L'invention permet alors l'habillage de la façade ou de la couverture du bâtiment par la construction d'un dispositif 100 de bardage extérieur, constitué par la juxtaposition de panneaux , notamment de panneaux 1.In a first embodiment, as can be seen in FIGS. 1 to 7, the first perforated receiver 50 is incorporated in a panel 1. The invention then allows the cladding of the facade or the roof of the building by the construction of a device 100 for external cladding constituted by the juxtaposition of panels, in particular panels 1.
Dans un second mode de réalisation, tel que visible sur les figures 10 à 17, le premier récepteur perforé 50 est souple, et est tendu en applique devant la structure ou la couverture, ou le bardage existant du bâtiment, par le moyen d'au moins un dispositif 201 de fixation et de mise sous tension d'une nappe souple 203, incorporée au premier récepteur perforé 50, ou le constituant.In a second embodiment, as can be seen in FIGS. 10 to 17, the first perforated receptor 50 is flexible, and is applied taut in front of the structure or roof, or the existing cladding of the building, by means of less a device 201 for fixing and energizing a flexible sheet 203, incorporated in the first perforated receiver 50, or the constituent.
Le second mode peut être combiné avec le premier, le dispositif 201 étant agencé, soit de façon à couvrir la surface constituée par un assemblage de panneaux 1 , soit à couvrir la surface d'un seul panneau 1, le dispositif de bardage 100 comportant alors autant de dispositifs 201 que de panneaux 1.The second mode can be combined with the first, the device 201 being arranged either to cover the surface constituted by a panel assembly 1 or to cover the surface of a single panel 1, the cladding device 100 then comprising as many devices 201 as panels 1.
Dans le premier mode de réalisation, le panneau 1 est creux. Ce panneau 1 est conçu apte à être fixé à la structure d' un bâtiment, et est réactif au rayonnement thermique, notamment au rayonnement solaire , face auquel il est destiné à être posé . Le dispositif 100 de bardage extérieur pour bâtiment, en façade ou en toiture, comporte un ensemble de panneaux creux 1. Ceux-ci sont de préférence sensiblement plans ou de courbure identique entre eux. En particulier ils peuvent prendre la forme de parallélépipèdes, ou encore de prismes en secteur cylindrique , avec un rayon de courbure constant. Ces panneaux creux 1 sont empilables selon une direction Z , de préférence verticale . Ce panneau 1 comporte une première face 2 conçue apte à être dirigée vers un premier milieu A, en particulier l'extérieur d'un bâtiment ou une source chaude, et une seconde face 10 conçue apte à être dirigée vers un second milieu B, en particulier l'intérieur d'un bâtiment ou une zone à réchauffer. Selon la forme de la structure du bâtiment à équiper de tels panneaux 1 , différentes configurations sont possibles quant à la géométrie de cette première face 2. Dans le mode de réalisation le plus usuel, la première face 2 est plane. La première face 2 peut aussi présenter une courbure constante dans au moins une direction. Dans une variante, la première face 2 a une première courbure constante dans une première direction, et une seconde courbure constante dans une seconde direction orthogonale à ladite première direction, cette première courbure et cette seconde courbure pouvant être de valeurs identiques ou distinctes .In the first embodiment, the panel 1 is hollow. This panel 1 is designed to be attached to the structure of a building, and is responsive to thermal radiation, including solar radiation, facing which it is intended to be installed. The device 100 of exterior cladding for building, front or roof, comprises a set of hollow panels 1. These are preferably substantially planar or of curvature identical to each other. In particular they may take the form of parallelepipeds, or prisms cylindrical sector, with a constant radius of curvature. These hollow panels 1 are stackable in a Z direction, preferably vertical. This panel 1 comprises a first face 2 designed adapted to be directed towards a first medium A, in particular the exterior of a building or a hot source, and a second face 10 designed adapted to be directed towards a second medium B, in particular inside a building or area to be heated. Depending on the shape of the structure of the building to be equipped with such panels 1, different configurations are possible as to the geometry of this first face 2. In the most usual embodiment, the first face 2 is plane. The first face 2 may also have a constant curvature in at least one direction. In a variant, the first face 2 has a first constant curvature in a first direction, and a second constant curvature in a second direction orthogonal to said first direction, this first curvature and this second curvature possibly being of identical or distinct values.
Dans son mode de réalisation le plus usuel, le panneau 1 est de forme parailélépipédique .In its most usual embodiment, the panel 1 is of parallelepipedal shape.
Le panneau 1 comporte, entre sa première face 2 et sa seconde face 10, au moins un canal intérieur 3 de circulation de fluide, notamment d'air. Ce canal 3 s'étend entre une première ouverture 5 située à une première bordure d'extrémité 4 du panneau 1, et une seconde ouverture 7 située à une seconde bordure d'extrémité 6. De façon préférée cette première ouverture 5 et cette seconde ouverture 7 sont situées l'une au-dessous de l'autre ou inversement .The panel 1 comprises, between its first face 2 and its second face 10, at least one inner channel 3 of fluid circulation, in particular air. This channel 3 extends between a first opening 5 located at a first end edge 4 of the panel 1, and a second opening 7 located at a second end edge 6. Preferably, this first opening 5 and this second opening 7 are located one below the other or vice versa.
Selon l'invention, le canal intérieur 3 s'étend entre d'une part au moins un premier récepteur perforé 50 conçu apte à être exposé à un rayonnement thermique du côté de la première face 2 , et d'autre part au moins un second récepteur 51 étanche à l'air du côté de ladite seconde face 10.According to the invention, the inner channel 3 extends between on the one hand at least a first perforated receiver 50 designed to be exposed to thermal radiation on the side of the first face 2, and secondly at least a second receiver 51 airtight on the side of said second face 10.
Dans une application particulière, et préférée dans le cadre de l'invention, le panneau récepteur perforé 50 constitue lui-même la première face 2.In a particular application, and preferred in the context of the invention, the perforated receiver panel 50 itself constitutes the first face 2.
Le premier récepteur perforé 50 est conçu apte à transformer un rayonnement thermique, notamment d'origine solaire, par réflexion ou/et transmission ou/et absorption . Ce premier récepteur 50 arrête une première partie du rayonnement de la source de chaleur, en particulier solaire, notamment par réflexion, et, grâce à sa perforation, en laisse passer une seconde partie vers le second récepteur 51. Le premier récepteur 50 peut absorber une partie de la chaleur, et s'échauffer, la transmission d'énergie vers le second récepteur 51 est donc faite dans le canal 3, soit par passage direct, soit par rayonnement du premier récepteur 50 vers le second récepteur 51. Si ce dernier réfléchit une partie de l'énergie, le premier récepteur 50 constitue un barrage en retour. L'essentiel de l'énergie reçue du premier milieu A reste ainsi dans le canal 3. On comprend que la notion de perforation est à prendre au sens large , la perforation autorise le passage d' une certaine quantité d'air, en même temps qu'une partie d'un rayonnement thermique. La perforation du premier récepteur 1 peut indifféremment être constituée par des perçages, des découpes, des orifices, des espaces entre les brins d'un textile non tissé, des espaces entre les fils de trame et de chaîne d'un textile ou d'un grillage tissé, métallique ou plastique , ou similaire .The first perforated receiver 50 is designed capable of transforming a thermal radiation, in particular of solar origin, by reflection and / or transmission or / and absorption. This first receiver 50 stops a first part of the radiation of the heat source, in particular solar heat, in particular by reflection, and, thanks to its perforation, passes a second portion to the second receiver 51. The first receiver 50 can absorb a part of the heat, and to heat up, the transmission of energy to the second receiver 51 is therefore made in the channel 3, either by direct passage or by radiation from the first receiver 50 to the second receiver 51. If the latter reflects a portion of the energy, the first receiver 50 is a return dam. Most of the energy received from the first medium A and remains in the channel 3. It is understood that the concept of perforation is to be taken in the broad sense, the perforation allows the passage of a certain amount of air, at the same time than a part of a thermal radiation. The perforation of the first receiver 1 can equally be constituted by holes, cutouts, orifices, spaces between the strands of a nonwoven fabric, spaces between the weft and warp threads of a textile or a fabric. woven mesh, metal or plastic, or the like.
De façon préférée et avantageuse, le premier récepteur 50 est amovible, et peut être adapté par exemple en fonction des conditions climatiques, notamment saisonnières, et le panneau 1 comporte des logements pour son positionnement et sa fixation.In a preferred and advantageous manner, the first receiver 50 is removable, and can be adapted for example according to climatic conditions, especially seasonal, and the panel 1 comprises housing for its positioning and fixing.
Dans un mode de réalisation avantageux, le premier récepteur 50 comporte, dans son épaisseur, des ouvertures traversantes qui sont conçues aptes à autoriser le passage direct des rayons lumineux en-deçà d' une incidence donnée par rapport à la normale au point considéré, et à l'interdire au-delà de ladite incidence. On comprend que, si le premier récepteur 50 s'étend selon une direction sensiblement verticale, pour une utilisation face au rayonnement solaire, ces ouvertures traversantes autorisent le passage du rayonnement du soleil d'hiver, bas sur l'horizon, dans un contexte où l'on cherche à utiliser son énergie pour chauffer un volume intérieur, tandis qu'a contrario elles font obstacle au rayonnement du soleil d'été proche du zénith, et limitent la pénétration de l'énergie solaire dans le panneau. Dans une variante de réalisation, le premier récepteur 50 comporte des volumes saillants conçus aptes à canaliser l'air vers le canal 3. De façon préférée , ces éléments saillants sont en retrait de la première face 2 vers l ' intérieur du panneau 1 , de façon à ne pas accrocher, ni les vêtements des passants, ni des éléments en suspension dans l'air tels que feuilles mortes ou similaires . Ces éléments saillants forment une manche à air, et peuvent être notamment en forme de coude tubulaire, de calotte sphérique ou similaire. Cette manche comporte une ouverture, qui peut être orientée vers le sol pour éviter le remplissage du panneau par des précipitations. Elle peut aussi être orientée autrement, notamment pour éviter l'introduction de poussières. De façon préférée, le panneau 1, ou /et la structure 100, comporte des moyens de recueil et d'évacuation des eaux de précipitations et des condensats éventuels . De façon préférée, le premier récepteur 50 est constitué par une nappe souple 203, notamment textile, tendue. Cette configuration présente l'avantage d'un poids extrêmement faible, et d'une grande facilité d'échange. De façon préférée, les logements que comporte le panneau 1 pour son positionnement et sa fixation sont accessibles in situ, sans nécessiter la dépose complète du panneau 1.In an advantageous embodiment, the first receiver 50 has, in its thickness, through openings which are designed to allow the direct passage of light rays below a given incidence relative to the normal at the point considered, and to prohibit it beyond that incidence. It is understood that, if the first receiver 50 extends in a substantially vertical direction, for use in the face of solar radiation, these through openings allow the passage of radiation from the winter sun, low on the horizon, in a context where one seeks to use one's energy to heat an interior volume, while on the other hand it blocks the radiation of the summer sun near the zenith, and limits the penetration of solar energy into the panel. In an alternative embodiment, the first receiver 50 has projecting volumes designed to channel the air towards the channel 3. Preferably, these projecting elements are set back from the first face 2 towards the inside of the panel 1, not to hang clothes, passers-by or airborne elements such as leaves or the like. These protruding elements form an air sleeve, and may be in particular in the form of tubular elbow, spherical cap or the like. This sleeve has an opening, which can be oriented towards the ground to avoid filling the panel with precipitation. It can also be oriented otherwise, especially to prevent the introduction of dust. Preferably, the panel 1, or / and the structure 100 comprises means for collecting and evacuating the precipitation water and any condensates. Preferably, the first receiver 50 is constituted by a flexible sheet 203, in particular textile, stretched. This configuration has the advantage of an extremely low weight, and a great ease of exchange. Preferably, the housing that includes the panel 1 for its positioning and fixing are accessible in situ, without requiring the complete removal of the panel 1.
De façon avantageuse, le premier récepteur 50, ou/et le second récepteur 51 , comporte , sur au moins une de ses faces , un revêtement par sérigraphie, impression ou similaire. Ce revêtement peut notamment être choisi réfléchissant, pour des longueurs d'onde déterminées, en fonction de la saison ou/et des conditions climatiques .Advantageously, the first receiver 50, or / and the second receiver 51, comprises, on at least one of its faces, a coating by screen printing, printing or the like. This coating may in particular be selected reflective, for specific wavelengths, depending on the season and / or climatic conditions.
Pour des applications de dépollution de l'air circulant dans le canal 3 du panneau 1, le premier récepteur 50 ou le second récepteur 51 peut recevoir un revêtement comportant un oxyde de titane TiO2 nanométrique , ou un autre catalyseur également conçu apte à favoriser la transformation des composés organiques volatils dits COV en éléments inoffensifs, ou encore de CO en CO2, ou de NO en NO2. Outre les fonctions techniques propres au premier récepteur 50 exposées ci-dessus, ce récepteur peut recevoir un décor particulier, ce qui est particulièrement aisé quand il est constitué par une nappe textile tissée et/ou imprimée et/ou sérigraphiée . A la possibilité de faire varier à peu de frais l'aspect d'une paroi de bâtiment s'ajoute la possibilité d'y intégrer des messages visuels de sécurité, ou encore à caractère publicitaire. L'application de décors de camouflage pour des applications militaires ou pour des implantations dans des zones protégées est très facile , d' autant plus que le panneau 1 selon l'invention ne nécessite pas de vitrage externe, même s'il est possible d' en installer au niveau de la première face 2.For air pollution control applications flowing in the channel 3 of the panel 1, the first receiver 50 or the second receiver 51 can receive a coating comprising a titanium oxide TiO 2 nanometric, or other catalyst also designed to promote the conversion of volatile organic compounds known as VOCs into harmless elements, or of CO into CO 2 , or from NO to NO 2 . In addition to the technical functions specific to the first receiver 50 exposed above, this receiver can receive a particular decoration, which is particularly easy when it is constituted by a woven textile web and / or printed and / or screen printed. The possibility to change inexpensively the appearance of a building wall adds the possibility of incorporating visual security messages, or to characterize advertising. The application of camouflage decorations for military applications or for implantation in protected areas is very easy, especially since the panel 1 according to the invention does not require external glazing, even if it is possible to install at the level of the first face 2.
Dans une première variante d'exécution, le premier moyen récepteur perforé 50 est intercalé entre le canal 3 et la première face 2.In a first variant embodiment, the first perforated receiver means 50 is interposed between the channel 3 and the first face 2.
Dans une autre variante d'exécution le premier moyen récepteur perforé 50 est apposé sur la première face 2 à l'extérieur du panneau 1.In another variant embodiment the first perforated receiving means 50 is affixed to the first face 2 outside the panel 1.
Dans une autre variante de réalisation, le premier récepteur 50 est translucide. Il peut aussi être constitué par une plaque, et notamment par une plaque translucide. Il peut être constitué par un film souple translucide, et perforé.In another variant embodiment, the first receiver 50 is translucent. It can also be constituted by a plate, and in particular by a translucent plate. It can be constituted by a translucent flexible film, and perforated.
Dans une autre variante encore de réalisation, le premier récepteur 50 comporte au moins une surface traitée par sablage ou attaque chimique . Ce traitement de sablage ou attaque chimique peut être appliqué quelque soit la configuration du premier récepteur, même textile, et a pour effet d'augmenter la surface d'échange.In yet another embodiment, the first receiver 50 comprises at least one surface treated by sanding or etching. This sanding or etching treatment can be applied regardless of the configuration of the first receiver, same textile, and has the effect of increasing the exchange surface.
Ce canal 3 est conçu apte à communiquer, au niveau de la première ouverture 5 , ou/et de la seconde ouverture 7 , avec un canal intérieur 3 d'un autre panneau creux 1 de même type, ou encore avec des moyens de communication entre la veine de fluide constituée par le canal 3, et le volume d'une pièce, qui peuvent être constitués par des déflecteurs ou analogue . Il est ainsi possible d'édifier, à base de panneaux 1, une cloison à composante verticale comportant un canal continu sur toute sa hauteur, en particulier pour la circulation d'air. Un tel empilage a pour effet, résultant de l'augmentation de la hauteur de paroi, d'augmenter l'apport de l'effet convectif.This channel 3 is designed capable of communicating, at the level of the first opening 5, and / or the second opening 7, with an internal channel 3 of another hollow panel 1 of the same type, or with means of communication between the fluid stream constituted by the channel 3, and the volume of a part, which can be constituted by baffles or the like. It is thus possible to build, based on panels 1, a vertical component wall having a continuous channel over its entire height, in particular for air circulation. Such stacking has the effect, resulting from the increase in the wall height, to increase the contribution of the convective effect.
Le panneau 1 peut être décliné en différentes variantes ; en particulier, le canal 3 peut être conçu apte à communiquer, d'une part avec le premier milieu A par au moins une première ouverture extérieure de communication 8, ou/et d'autre part avec le second milieu B par au moins une première ouverture intérieure de communication 9.The panel 1 can be declined in different variants; in particular, the channel 3 can be designed capable of communicating, firstly with the first medium A by at least a first external communication opening 8, or / and secondly with the second medium B by at least a first internal communication opening 9.
Dans un mode avantageux de réalisation de l'invention, les panneaux creux 1 sont encore juxtaposables entre eux selon une direction X perpendiculaire à la direction verticale Z et tangente aux premières faces 2 des panneaux 1.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the hollow panels 1 are still juxtaposable with each other in a direction X perpendicular to the vertical direction Z and tangential to the first faces 2 of the panels 1.
Cette juxtaposition tangentielle, ou latérale, permet, en augmentant la largeur de paroi, d'augmenter le débit du fluide, notamment de l'air, circulant à l'intérieur des panneaux. Dans un autre mode de l'invention, les panneaux 1 sont encore juxtaposables, selon une autre direction Y perpendiculaire à la fois à la direction verticale Z et à la direction X, avec d'autres panneaux 1 de même type ou avec des seconds panneaux d' isolation 101. Dans ce cas, les panneaux d'isolation 101 peuvent comporter chacun au moins une ouverture traversante 11, qui est conçue apte à être juxtaposée avec une première ouverture intérieure de communication 9 d'un panneau 1 si ce dernier en comporte. Naturellement, un panneau d'isolation 101 peut comporter autant d'ouvertures, dans le prolongement de celles-ci, que le panneau 1 auquel il est adjacent, tel que visible sur les figures 1 et 2.This tangential juxtaposition, or lateral, allows, by increasing the wall width, to increase the flow of fluid, including air, flowing inside the panels. In another embodiment of the invention, the panels 1 are still juxtaposable, in another direction Y perpendicular to both the vertical direction Z and the direction X, with other panels 1 of the same type or with second panels In this case, the insulation panels 101 may each comprise at least one through opening 11, which is designed to be juxtaposed with a first internal communication opening 9 of a panel 1 if the latter comprises thereof. . Naturally, an insulation panel 101 may have as many openings, in line with them, as the panel 1 to which it is adjacent, as can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2.
On comprend que la juxtaposition de panneaux isolants, sur l'épaisseur d'une paroi extérieure de bâtiment, permet d'augmenter l'inertie thermique de cette paroi.It is understood that the juxtaposition of insulating panels, on the thickness of an outer wall of the building, makes it possible to increase the thermal inertia of this wall.
De façon préférée, le canal 3 comporte à une première bordure d'extrémité 4 une première ouverture dite extérieure 8 de communication vers le premier milieu A et une première ouverture dite intérieure 9 de communication vers le second milieu B. De même, il comporte à la seconde bordure d'extrémité 6 une seconde ouverture dite extérieure 13 de communication vers le premier milieu A et une seconde ouverture dite intérieure 14 de communication vers le second milieu B.Preferably, the channel 3 comprises at a first end edge 4 a first so-called outer opening 8 of communication to the first medium A and a first so-called inner opening 9 of communication to the second medium B. Similarly, it comprises the second end edge 6 a second so-called outer opening 13 of communication to the first medium A and a second opening said inner 14 communication to the second medium B.
Dans une variante avantageuse pour un traitement domotique, au moins une des ouvertures intérieures 9 ou/et 14 , ou/et extérieures 8 ou/et 13, que comporte le canal 3 est conçue apte à être obturée, notamment par des moyens d' obturation commandés par des moyens de pilotage . Tout panneau 1 peut comporter tout ou partie, voire aucune des ouvertures latérales, mais doit comporter le canal 3.In an advantageous variant for a home automation treatment, at least one of the inner openings 9 or / and 14, and / or outer 8 or / and 13, that includes the channel 3 is designed to be closed, in particular by means of shutter controlled by piloting means. Any panel 1 may have all or part or none of the side openings, but must include the channel 3.
Un panneau 1 , ou un empilage de tels panneaux 1 , comportant de telles ouvertures, inférieures et supérieures, vers le premier milieu A et le second milieu B, peut avantageusement être utilisé, tel que visible sur la figure 5, selon les ouvertures que l'on utilise, en fonction des conditions climatiques, horaires, et des différentiels de température entre le premier milieu A dit externe et le second milieu B dit interne. L'occultation des ouvertures 9 et 14 privilégie un flux 40 externe-externe. L'occultation des ouvertures 9 et 13 privilégie un flux 41 externe-interne . L'occultation des ouvertures 8 et 13 privilégie un flux 42 interne- interne. L'occultation des ouvertures 8 et 14 privilégie un flux 40 interne-externe . On comprend donc qu'il est ainsi possible, selon les circonstances, de réguler la température d'un milieu interne B.A panel 1, or a stack of such panels 1, having such openings, upper and lower, towards the first medium A and the second medium B, may advantageously be used, as can be seen in FIG. 5, according to the openings which the use is made, depending on the climatic conditions, times, and temperature differentials between the first medium A said external and the second medium B said internal. The concealment of the openings 9 and 14 favors an external-external flux. The concealment of the openings 9 and 13 favors an external-internal flow 41. The concealment of the openings 8 and 13 favors an internal-internal flow 42. The concealment of the openings 8 and 14 favors an internal-external flow 40. It is thus understood that it is thus possible, depending on the circumstances, to regulate the temperature of an internal medium B.
L'empilage des panneaux 1 permet de constituer une colonne de grande hauteur par rapport à celle de chaque panneau, qui permet d'assurer un certain tirage, donc un renouvellement d'air à débit important au sein du milieu intérieur B. Un but de l'invention est de permettre l'obtention d'un gros différentiel de température entre l'air entrant en partie basse de l'empilage de panneaux 1, et l'air sortant en partie haute de cet empilage.The stacking of the panels 1 makes it possible to constitute a column of great height relative to that of each panel, which makes it possible to ensure a certain draw, and therefore a renewal of air at a high rate of flow within the interior environment B. A purpose of the invention is to allow obtaining a large temperature differential between the air entering the lower part of the stack of panels 1, and the air exiting at the top of this stack.
De façon préférée, on intègre au moins un panneau 1 réactif au rayonnement solaire dans un dispositif de bardage 100, qui peut alors être utilisé comme régulateur d'énergie pour le milieu B intérieur au bâtiment.Preferably, at least one solar radiation-reactive panel 1 is integrated in a cladding device 100, which can then be used as an energy regulator for the interior medium B in the building.
Tel que visible sur la figure 3 , dans un agencement particulier, au moins un panneau 1 comporte au moins une ouverture oblique 15 entre le canal 3 et la seconde face 10, préférentiellement disposée ascendante obliquement vers le milieu intérieur B, et qui est dimensionnée de façon à autoriser le passage d'une portion inférieure à une certaine partie du débit du flux circulant dans le canal 3, en particulier inférieure à 25%. Cette ouverture 15 permet de générer un courant d'air ascendant 44 dans le milieu B, longeant la paroi constituée par l'empilage ou/et la juxtaposition de panneaux 1, IA, IB, IC, au niveau d'une seconde face 10 que comportent ces panneaux. Ce courant d'air ascendant 44 attire l'air situé au voisinage du sol 48, et crée un flux de déstratification 45. Dans la partie haute du local, une cloison sensiblement horizontale 46 peut être ménagée entre le volume du milieu B et la zone de sortie, par l'ouverture interne supérieure 14C du panneau IC situé le plus haut, d'un flux d'air 49 circulant dans le canal 3 commun aux panneaux 1, IA, IB, IC. Cette cloison 46 ramène le flux 45 et le flux 49 au niveau d'une bouche 47 où s'effectue leur jonction, et qui tend à renvoyer vers le sol 48 un flux 90.As can be seen in FIG. 3, in a particular arrangement, at least one panel 1 comprises at least one oblique opening 15 between the channel 3 and the second face 10, preferably arranged upwards obliquely toward the internal medium B, and which is dimensioned by so as to allow the passage of a lower portion to a certain portion of the flow rate of the flow flowing in the channel 3, in particular less than 25%. This opening 15 makes it possible to generate an upward air flow 44 in the medium B, along the wall constituted by the stacking and / or the juxtaposition of panels 1, IA, IB, IC, at a second face 10 that these panels comprise. This upward air flow 44 draws air located in the vicinity of the ground 48, and creates a destratification flow 45. In the upper part of the room, a substantially horizontal partition 46 can be formed between the volume of the medium B and the zone output, through the upper internal opening 14C of the IC panel located highest, an air flow 49 flowing in the channel 3 common to the panels 1, IA, IB, IC. This partition 46 brings back the flow 45 and the flow 49 at a mouth 47 where their junction takes place, and which tends to return to the ground 48 a flow 90.
On comprend que , tel que visible sur les figures 1 et 2 , dans le cas où un ou plusieurs panneaux d'isolation 101 sont plaqués, du côté du second milieu intérieur B, sur un panneau 1, ils comportent également des ouvertures obliques 15A dans le prolongement d'une telle ouverture oblique 15. Naturellement, cette ouverture oblique 15 peut avoir une double fonction, et notamment tenir lieu de seconde ouverture 14.It will be understood that, as can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, in the case where one or more insulating panels 101 are plated, on the side of the second internal medium B, on a panel 1, they also comprise oblique openings 15A in the extension of such an oblique opening 15. Naturally, this oblique opening 15 may have a dual function, and in particular take the place of a second opening 14.
De façon préférée, le panneau creux 1 comporte, à sa première bordure d' extrémité 4 , respectivement à sa seconde bordure d'extrémité 6, un premier bandeau 16, respectivement un second bandeau 17, comportant des premiers moyens d'appui et de guidage 18, respectivement des seconds moyens d'appui et de guidage 19, conçus aptes à autoriser son assemblage par empilage avec un autre panneau creux 1 de même type. Ce bandeau 16, respectivement 17, comporte une surface d'appui et d'étanchéité 20, respectivement 21, pour la juxtaposition de façon étanche de la première ouverture 5, respectivement de la seconde ouverture 7 , du panneau 1 , avec la seconde ouverture 7 , respectivement la première ouverture 5 , d' un panneau 1 adjacent, tel que visible sur la figure 3 à la jonction entre la seconde ouverture 7A du panneau IA, et la première ouverture 5B du panneau IB.Preferably, the hollow panel 1 comprises, at its first end edge 4, respectively at its second end edge 6, a first strip 16, respectively a second strip 17, comprising first bearing and guiding means 18, respectively second support means and guide 19, designed to allow its assembly by stacking with another hollow panel 1 of the same type. This strip 16, respectively 17, has a bearing and sealing surface 20, respectively 21, for the sealing juxtaposition of the first opening 5, respectively the second opening 7, of the panel 1, with the second opening 7 , respectively the first opening 5, of an adjacent panel 1, as visible in Figure 3 at the junction between the second opening 7A of the panel IA, and the first opening 5B of the panel IB.
Les premiers moyens d'appui et de guidage 18 et les seconds 19 peuvent être avantageusement conçus, soit de profil complémentaire l'un à l'autre, soit de profil identique l'un à l'autre. Dans ce dernier cas, ce profil est conçu apte à coopérer avec un profil complémentaire que comporte une lisse fixée à la structure d' un bâtiment, à laquelle est fixée le panneau 1. Le positionnement, l'appui et le guidage sont alors réalisés par une telle lisse. Dans le cas de juxtaposition de panneaux 1, ceux-ci sont montés de part et d'autre de telles lisses. Avantageusement, la fixation des panneaux à une telle pièce de liaison incorpore une fonction de verrouillage en position. On peut encore imaginer le cas où cette lisse comporte des profils différents de part et d' autre pour distinguer par exemple des appuis inférieurs et des appuis supérieurs et constituer un détrompeur pour le montage de panneaux, ces derniers devant alors comporter un profil inférieur distinct d'un profil supérieur, en ce qui concerne les premiers et seconds moyens d'appui et de guidage 18 et 19. Toutefois, dans un souci de rationalisation des composants et d'abaissement des coûts, de façon préférée ces profils sont identiques l'un à l'autre.The first support and guide means 18 and the second 19 may be advantageously designed, either of complementary profile to each other, or of identical profile to each other. In the latter case, this profile is designed able to cooperate with a profile complementary that includes a rail attached to the structure of a building, to which is fixed the panel 1. The positioning, support and guidance are then made by such a smooth. In the case of juxtaposition of panels 1, they are mounted on either side of such smooth. Advantageously, the fixing of the panels to such a connecting piece incorporates a locking function in position. One can still imagine the case where this smooth has different profiles on both sides to distinguish for example lower supports and upper supports and be a key to the assembly of panels, they must then have a lower profile distinct d a higher profile, with regard to the first and second support and guide means 18 and 19. However, for the sake of rationalization of components and lowering costs, preferably these profiles are identical one to the other.
Dans une réalisation avantageuse, le premier bandeau 16, respectivement le second bandeau 17 , comporte une première surface d'appui 22, respectivement une seconde surface d'appui 23, qui est conçue apte à coopérer avec des moyens de sanglage 80 pour la fermeture ou/et la fixation du panneau 1 , en particulier pour la fermeture ou/et la fixation d'une structure périphérique 55 formant un cadre de structure du panneau 1, sur lequel sont fixées la première face 2 et la seconde face 10. En effet, un tel panneau 1 peut comporter plusieurs éléments amovibles, notamment le premier récepteur 50.In an advantageous embodiment, the first strip 16, respectively the second strip 17, comprises a first bearing surface 22, respectively a second bearing surface 23, which is designed adapted to cooperate with strapping means 80 for closure or and fixing the panel 1, in particular for closing and / or fixing a peripheral structure 55 forming a structural frame of the panel 1, on which are fixed the first face 2 and the second face 10. In fact, such a panel 1 may comprise several removable elements, in particular the first receiver 50.
Il est alors intéressant, dans une version particulière comportant des panneaux 1 extractibles , de pouvoir, après une extraction au moins partielle du panneau 1 de l'assemblage dont il fait partie , déposer un élément et le remplacer par un autre . Ceci permet, d'ailleurs, un changement d'affectation du panneau 1 au cours de sa vie. Pour faciliter cette intervention, qui est de façon préférée effectuée in situ, le panneau 1 comporte une structure démontable, incluant le premier bandeau 16 et le second bandeau 17, ainsi que d'éventuelles joues dénommées première 53 et seconde 54 traverses, sur des faces latérales 33 et 34, de part et d' autre de la seconde face 10 et de la première face 2 qui constituent préférentiellement les plus grandes surfaces du panneau 1. La liaison de ces bandeaux et de ces traverses est avantageusement effectuée par une ou plusieurs sangles 80 tendues en périphérie du panneau 1. Les surfaces d'appui 22 et 23 sont de préférence des gorges conçues aptes à recevoir la ou les sangles 80, soit directement, soit par l'intermédiaire de matériaux élastiques . Des moyens de tension de sangle , notamment par excentrique, sont avantageusement directement intégrés au panneau 1, au niveau d'un de ses bandeaux ou de ses traverses latérales éventuelles.It is then interesting, in a particular version with removable panels 1, to be able, after an extraction at least partially of the panel 1 of the assembly of which it is part, to deposit an element and replace it with another. This allows, moreover, a change of assignment of the panel 1 during his life. To facilitate this operation, which is preferably carried out in situ, the panel 1 comprises a removable structure, including the first strip 16 and the second strip 17, and any cheeks called first 53 and second 54 sleepers, on faces side 33 and 34, on both sides of the second face 10 and the first face 2 which preferably, the largest areas of the panel 1. The binding of these strips and of these crosspieces is advantageously effected by one or more straps 80 stretched around the periphery of the panel 1. The bearing surfaces 22 and 23 are preferably suitable designed grooves. to receive the or straps 80, either directly or by means of elastic materials. Strap tensioning means, in particular eccentric, are advantageously directly integrated in the panel 1, at one of its banners or its possible lateral crosspieces.
Dans le cas usuel où le panneau 1 comporte, servant d'appui à la première face 2 et à la seconde face 10, une structure périphérique 55 à quatre côtés, le premier bandeau 16 et le second bandeau 17 sont joints, au niveau de leurs extrémités, par une première 53 et une seconde 54 traverses latérales, joignant respectivement à des premières extrémités, et à des secondes extrémités , la première bordure d' extrémité 4 à la seconde bordure d'extrémité 6. Une traverse latérale 53, respectivement 54, peut comporter une première ouverture latérale 35, respectivement une seconde ouverture latérale 36. Dans un mode particulier, chaque traverse latérale 53, 54, comporte une ouverture latérale 35, 36.In the usual case where the panel 1 comprises, serving as a support for the first face 2 and the second face 10, a peripheral structure 55 with four sides, the first strip 16 and the second strip 17 are joined, at their level. ends, by a first 53 and a second 54 lateral crosspieces, respectively joining at first ends, and at second ends, the first end edge 4 to the second end edge 6. A lateral cross member 53, respectively 54, may comprise a first lateral opening 35, respectively a second lateral opening 36. In a particular embodiment, each lateral cross member 53, 54 has a lateral opening 35, 36.
Il est à noter que le panneau 1 ne comporte pas toujours de traverses latérales. En effet, dans une application courante de traitement d'une façade ou d'une toiture sur une largeur complète, le canal 3 peut être conçu apte à communiquer, au niveau d'au moins une face latérale 33 , 34 , sensiblement perpendiculaire à la première bordure d'extrémité 4 ou à la seconde bordure d'extrémité 6, par une ouverture latérale 35, avec une ouverture latérale que comporte un autre panneau 1 de même type pour la mise en communication avec un canal intérieur 3 de cet autre panneau 1. Cette ouverture latérale 35 peut, tel que visible sur la figure 1, occuper la totalité de la face latérale d' un panneau 1.It should be noted that the panel 1 does not always include side rails. Indeed, in a current application of treatment of a facade or a roof over a full width, the channel 3 can be designed capable of communicating, at least one side face 33, 34, substantially perpendicular to the first end edge 4 or the second end edge 6, by a lateral opening 35, with a lateral opening that comprises another panel 1 of the same type for communication with an inner channel 3 of the other panel 1 This lateral opening 35 may, as shown in FIG. 1, occupy the entire lateral face of a panel 1.
De façon à pouvoir exercer une action sur le flux de fluide, notamment d'air, traversant le canal 3, et à transformer, ou à rejeter, selon le choix de l'utilisateur, l'énergie d'origine solaire, le panneau creux 1 comporte préférentiellement, entre le canal 3 et une seconde face 10 conçue apte à être dirigée vers le second milieu B dit intérieur, et agencés dans cet ordre depuis le canal 3, des moyens d'échange thermique 28, des moyens d'accumulation d'énergie 29, des moyens de réflexion 30. Ce panneau 1 est encore apte à contenir, entre les moyens de réflexion 30 et la seconde face 10, des moyens d'isolation 31.In order to be able to exert an action on the flow of fluid, in particular air, passing through the channel 3, and to transform, or to reject, according to the user's choice, the energy of solar origin, the hollow panel 1 preferably comprises between channel 3 and a second face 10 designed adapted to be directed towards the second medium B said interior, and arranged in this order from the channel 3, heat exchange means 28, energy storage means 29, means This panel 1 is still able to contain, between the reflection means 30 and the second face 10, insulation means 31.
Le second récepteur 51 est constitué par tout ou partie de ces moyens d'échange thermique 28, moyens d'accumulation d'énergie 29, moyens de réflexion 30, moyens d'isolation 31. De façon préférée, les moyens d'échange thermique 28 sont constitués par le second récepteur 51 , ou incorporés dans ce dernier .The second receiver 51 is constituted by all or part of these heat exchange means 28, energy storage means 29, reflection means 30, isolation means 31. Preferably, the heat exchange means 28 are constituted by the second receiver 51, or incorporated in the latter.
Avantageusement, le second récepteur 51 est monté dans un plan sensiblement vertical, et comporte, tourné vers la première face 2, un profil volumique, qui est conçu apte à maximiser l'ombre portée du soleil d'été sous des incidences fortes par rapport à la normale du second récepteur 51, et à minimiser l'ombre portée du soleil d'hiver sous des incidences faibles par rapport à la normale du second récepteur 51. De façon préférée, ce second récepteur 51 est constitué par un condenseur 110. Celui-ci peut, encore, constituer des moyens d'échange thermique 28, ou/et des moyens d'accumulation d'énergie 29, ou/et des moyens de réflexion 30, ou/et des moyens d'isolation 31. Dans une version préférée de l'invention, ce condenseur 110 est souple .Advantageously, the second receiver 51 is mounted in a substantially vertical plane, and comprises, facing the first face 2, a volume profile, which is designed to maximize the shadow of the summer sun under strong incidences relative to the normal of the second receiver 51, and to minimize the shadow of the winter sun under low incidences compared to the normal of the second receiver 51. Preferably, the second receiver 51 is constituted by a condenser 110. it can, again, constitute heat exchange means 28, and / or energy storage means 29, and / or reflection means 30, and / or isolation means 31. In a preferred version of the invention, this condenser 110 is flexible.
Ce condenseur 110 comporte une première face 112 conçue apte à être dirigée vers un rayonnement thermique, en particulier l'extérieur d'un bâtiment ou une source chaude, et en particulier le rayonnement solaire . Ce condenseur 110 est de préférence étanche à l'air.This condenser 110 has a first face 112 designed adapted to be directed towards a thermal radiation, in particular the outside of a building or a hot source, and in particular solar radiation. This condenser 110 is preferably airtight.
Il est encore conçu apte à réfléchir une partie de l'énergie. De façon préférée et avantageuse, le condenseur 110 est amovible, et peut être adapté par exemple en fonction des conditions climatiques, et le panneau 1 comporte des logements pour son positionnement et sa fixation. De façon préférée, le condenseur 110 est constitué par une nappe textile 203 tendue, avec les mêmes possibilités de revêtement et de décor que le premier récepteur 50. Cette configuration présente l'avantage d'un poids extrêmement faible, et d'une grande facilité d'échange.He is still conceived able to reflect some of the energy. In a preferred and advantageous manner, the condenser 110 is removable, and can be adapted for example according to the climatic conditions, and the panel 1 comprises housing for its positioning and fixing. Preferably, the condenser 110 is constituted by a textile web 203 stretched, with the same possibilities of coating and decor as the first receiver 50. This configuration has the advantage of an extremely low weight, and a great ease exchange.
Pour des applications de dépollution de l'air circulant le long de sa première face 112, le condenseur 110 peut recevoir un revêtement comportant un oxyde de titane TiO2 nanométrique , ou un autre catalyseur également conçu apte à favoriser la transformation des composés organiques volatils dits COV en éléments inoffensifs, ou encore de CO en CO2 , ou de NO en NO2.For air pollution control applications circulating along its first face 112, the condenser 110 can receive a coating comprising a titanium oxide TiO 2 nanometric, or other catalyst also designed to promote the conversion of so-called volatile organic compounds VOCs in harmless elements, or CO to CO 2 , or NO to NO 2 .
Dans une variante de réalisation, le condenseur 110 est translucide . Il peut aussi être constitué par une plaque , et notamment par une plaque translucide . Dans une autre variante encore de réalisation, le condenseur 110 comporte au moins une surface traitée par sablage ou attaque chimique . Ce traitement de sablage ou attaque chimique peut être appliqué quelque soit la configuration du condenseur 110, même textile , et a pour effet d' augmenter la surface d' échange . De façon à pouvoir exercer une action sur un flux de fluide, notamment d'air, circulant le long de la première face 112 du condenseur 110, et à transformer, ou à rejeter, selon le choix de l'utilisateur, l'énergie d'origine solaire, le condenseur 110 peut comporter, entre sa première face 112 et une seconde face 112A opposée à cette dernière, et agencés dans cet ordre depuis la première face 112, des moyens d'échange thermique 28, des moyens d'accumulation d'énergie 29, des moyens de réflexion 30. Ce condenseur 110 est encore apte à contenir, entre les moyens de réflexion 30 et la seconde face 112A, des moyens d'isolation 31. Le condenseur 110 est constitué par tout ou partie de ces moyens d'échange thermique 28, moyens d'accumulation d'énergie 29, moyens de réflexion 30, moyens d'isolation 31.In an alternative embodiment, the condenser 110 is translucent. It can also be constituted by a plate, and in particular by a translucent plate. In yet another embodiment, the condenser 110 comprises at least one surface treated by sanding or etching. This sanding or etching treatment can be applied regardless of the configuration of the condenser 110, even textile, and has the effect of increasing the exchange surface. So as to be able to exert an action on a flow of fluid, in particular air, flowing along the first face 112 of the condenser 110, and to transform, or to reject, according to the user's choice, the energy of solar origin, the condenser 110 may comprise, between its first face 112 and a second face 112A opposite to the latter, and arranged in this order from the first face 112, heat exchange means 28, means for accumulating heat. energy 29, reflection means 30. This condenser 110 is still able to contain, between the reflection means 30 and the second face 112A, insulation means 31. The condenser 110 is constituted by all or part of these means heat exchanger 28, energy storage means 29, reflection means 30, insulation means 31.
Avantageusement, le condenseur 110 est monté dans un plan sensiblement vertical, et comporte, tourné vers la première face 112, un profil volumique 113, qui est conçu apte à maximiser l'ombre portée du soleil d'été sous des incidences fortes par rapport à la normale du condenseur 110, et à minimiser l'ombre portée du soleil d'hiver sous des incidences faibles par rapport à la normale dudit second récepteur.Advantageously, the condenser 110 is mounted in a substantially vertical plane, and comprises, turned towards the first face 112, a volume profile 113, which is designed to maximize the drop shadow of the summer sun under strong impacts by compared to the normal of the condenser 110, and to minimize the shadow of the winter sun under low incidences compared to the normal of said second receiver.
De façon préférée, ce profil volumique 113 comporte une juxtaposition en quinconce de volumes 32 en demi-gouttes d'eau dont la partie renflée est disposée du côté du sol, tel que visible sur la figure 8.In a preferred manner, this volume profile 113 comprises a staggered juxtaposition of volumes 32 in half-drops of water, the bulged portion of which is disposed on the ground side, as can be seen in FIG. 8.
Dans une variante économique de réalisation, le condenseur 110 est souple , et notamment peut être constitué par un textile mis en forme volumique. Cette configuration est intéressante si le canal 3 ou le panneau 1 est de grande dimension, le condenseur 110 peut être préparé sous forme de métrage en bobine , et déroulé selon l'utilisation; ceci évite la confection de condenseurs rigides de grande portée, plus coûteux ou/et difficiles à réaliser. De façon préférée, les moyens d'accumulation d'énergie 29 comportent une structure en nid d'abeilles 37 conçue apte à contenir un matériau accumulateur ou/et à changement de phase, tel que visible sur la figure 9.In an economic variant embodiment, the condenser 110 is flexible, and in particular can be constituted by a textile shaped volume. This configuration is interesting if the channel 3 or the panel 1 is of large dimension, the condenser 110 can be prepared in the form of rolled footage, and unwound according to the use; this avoids the making of rigid condensers of great scope, more expensive or / and difficult to achieve. Preferably, the energy storage means 29 comprise a honeycomb structure 37 designed capable of containing an accumulator material and / or a phase change material, as can be seen in FIG. 9.
Alternativement, le condenseur 110 est réalisé sous forme d'une plaque gauche qui comporte, sur sa face tournée vers la seconde face 112A et opposée à la première face 112, ces moyens d'accumulation d'énergie 29. Cette configuration permet une réduction du nombre de composants et permet un important gain de poids, en particulier quand le condenseur 110 est réalisé en matière plastique .Alternatively, the condenser 110 is in the form of a left plate which has, on its face facing the second face 112A and opposite the first face 112, these energy storage means 29. This configuration allows a reduction of the number of components and allows significant weight gain, especially when the condenser 110 is made of plastic.
Au-delà de l'aspect thermique classique, l'invention peut également assurer des fonctions de réfrigération .Beyond the conventional thermal aspect, the invention can also provide refrigeration functions.
La régulation de l'énergie thermique peut, encore, être complétée par une régulation de l'hygrométrie entre des milieux A et B différents. Le condenseur 110 peut alors notamment être équipé de circulations d'eau, notamment par ruissellement, ou/et de communications entre des réservoirs d'eau et des dessicateurs ou humidificateurs selon le cas .The regulation of the thermal energy can, again, be supplemented by a regulation of the hygrometry between different A and B media. The condenser 110 can then in particular be equipped with circulations of water, particularly by runoff, and / or communications between water tanks and desiccators or humidifiers as appropriate.
Si une configuration d'une grande rigidité est recherchée, le second récepteur 51 est équipé, sur sa face tournée vers la première face 2, de volumes en demi-gouttes d'eau 32, et sur sa face opposée de nids n' abeille 37, de façon à ce que les mailles de ces profils respectifs sur les faces opposées soient en quinconce les unes avec les autres .If a configuration of high rigidity is sought, the second receiver 51 is equipped, on its face facing the first face 2, volumes in half-drops of water 32, and on its opposite face of bee nests 37, so that the meshes of these respective profiles on the opposite faces are staggered with each other.
Dans une configuration où tous les panneaux comportent de tels moyens d'isolation 31, chacun des éléments composant le dispositif de bardage 1 selon l'invention peut être considéré comme isolant.In a configuration where all the panels include such insulating means 31, each of the components of the cladding device 1 according to the invention can be considered as insulating.
Dans une application la plus courante, la première bordure d'extrémité 4 est parallèle et opposée à la seconde bordure d'extrémité 6. De même, dans une application préférée, le panneau 1 est de forme prismatique rectangulaire, notamment parailélépipédique .In a most common application, the first end edge 4 is parallel and opposite to the second end edge 6. Similarly, in a preferred application, the panel 1 is rectangular prismatic shape, including parailelepiped.
Dans une variante d'exécution, un panneau peut être complètement ouvert sur un côté entier, c'est-à-dire de sa première face 2 ou de sa seconde face 10, le canal 3 est alors en communication complète avec l'atmosphère d'un des milieux A ou B.In an alternative embodiment, a panel may be completely open on an entire side, that is to say its first face 2 or its second face 10, the channel 3 is then in complete communication with the atmosphere of one of the A or B.
De façon préférée , les dimensions d' un panneau 1 selon deux dimensions, dites largeur et hauteur, X et Z selon l'exemple de la figure 1, sont grandes devant la troisième dite épaisseur, selon Y dans le même exemple, c'est-à-dire chacune au moins cinq fois plus grande que ladite épaisseur. Le flux de fluide, préférentiellement de l'air, circulant dans le canal 3, est alors assimilable à une nappe .Preferably, the dimensions of a panel 1 in two dimensions, called width and height, X and Z according to the example of Figure 1, are large in front of the third said thickness, according to Y in the same example, it is i.e. each at least five times larger than said thickness. The flow of fluid, preferably air, flowing in the channel 3, is then comparable to a web.
De façon préférée, les panneaux 1 ou 101 sont conçus de dimensions et de masse, notamment inférieure à 25kg, autorisant leur manutention par un homme seul à la force des bras . Les dimensions de 1500 x 1000 x 175 mm conviennent particulièrement bien aux applications décrites et permettent de respecter cette limite de masse, quand la réalisation des bandeaux, faces et traverses , résulte de la mise en œuvre de matières plastiques telles que PVC, PA ou autre.Preferably, the panels 1 or 101 are designed in size and mass, especially less than 25kg, allowing their handling by a single man with the force of arms. The dimensions of 1500 x 1000 x 175 mm are particularly suitable for the applications described and allow to respect this mass limit, when the realization of the strips, faces and sleepers, results from the implementation of plastics such as PVC, PA or other .
De façon préférée, les panneaux 1 selon l'invention sont juxtaposés pour constituer un dispositif 100 de bardage pour bâtiment, en façade ou en toiture, comportant au moins deux panneaux 1 de courbure identique entre eux, empilables selon une direction verticale Z, dont les canaux 3 communiquent. Ces panneaux 1 sont encore juxtaposables entre eux selon une direction X perpendiculaire à la direction verticale Z et tangente aux premières faces 2 des panneaux 1, qui sont encore juxtaposables, selon une autre direction Y perpendiculaire à la fois à la direction verticale Z et à la direction X, avec d'autres panneaux 1 de même type ou avec des panneaux d'isolation 101. Quand un tel panneau d'isolation 101 est juxtaposé à une ouverture intérieure de communication 9 ou 14 d'un panneau 1, il comporte alors au moins une ouverture traversante 11 conçue apte à être juxtaposée avec cette ouverture . En somme, l'invention permet de créer un volume d'air à flux convectif sur l'intégralité d'une surface de bardage, notamment de façade ou de toiture de bâtiment, à l'aide d'éléments juxtaposés ou/et empilés, notamment chacun de masse inférieure à 25 kg et de dimensions inférieures ou égales à 1500 x 1000 x 200 mm, facilitant et réduisant les coûts de transport et de pose.Preferably, the panels 1 according to the invention are juxtaposed to constitute a device 100 for cladding for building, front or roof, comprising at least two panels 1 of identical curvature between them, stackable in a vertical direction Z, whose 3 channels communicate. These panels 1 are still juxtaposed with each other in a direction X perpendicular to the vertical direction Z and tangential to the first faces 2 of the panels 1, which are still juxtaposed in another direction Y perpendicular to both the vertical direction Z and the direction X, with other panels 1 of the same type or with insulation panels 101. When such an insulation panel 101 is juxtaposed to an inner communication opening 9 or 14 of a panel 1, it then comprises at least one through opening 11 designed to be juxtaposed with this opening . In short, the invention makes it possible to create a volume of convective flow air over the entire surface of a cladding, in particular of a facade or roof of a building, by means of juxtaposed elements and / or stacked elements. in particular each having a mass of less than 25 kg and a size of less than or equal to 1500 x 1000 x 200 mm, facilitating and reducing the costs of transport and laying.
Le dispositif de bardage 100 constitué de panneaux 1 selon l'invention permet donc d'atteindre à moindre coût les mêmes performances convectives qu'une paroi extérieure qui serait édifiée de façon monobloc, donc d'élaboration difficile et coûteuse, nécessitant du personnel de haute qualification.The cladding device 100 consisting of panels 1 according to the invention thus makes it possible to achieve at lower cost the same convective performance as an outer wall which would be built in a monobloc manner, therefore difficult and expensive to produce, requiring high staff. qualification.
Le dispositif selon l'invention est, encore, évolutif, et permet de modifier, par permutation ou/et dépose ou/et ajout de panneau, les fonctionnalités techniques ou/et esthétiques d'une façade ou d'une toiture. Naturellement, l'invention est décrite préférentiellement pour l'enveloppe externe d'un bâtiment, en raison du différentiel de température naturellement important entre le premier milieu externe A et le second milieu interne B. On comprend que l'invention est applicable à la fabrication de toute paroi, même interne à un bâtiment, entre deux milieux A et B de caractéristiques thermiques différentes, par exemple entre des bureaux et des halls d'usine.The device according to the invention is, still, scalable, and allows to change, by permutation or / and removal or / and addition of panel, the technical or / and aesthetic features of a facade or a roof. Naturally, the invention is described preferentially for the external envelope of a building, because of the naturally important temperature difference between the first external medium A and the second internal medium B. It is understood that the invention is applicable to the manufacture any wall, even internal to a building, between two environments A and B of different thermal characteristics, for example between offices and factory halls.
Au-delà de l'aspect thermique classique, l'invention peut également assurer des fonctions de réfrigération .Beyond the conventional thermal aspect, the invention can also provide refrigeration functions.
La régulation de l'énergie thermique peut, encore, être complétée par une régulation de l'hygrométrie entre des milieux A et B différents. Le canal 3 peut alors notamment être équipé de circulations d'eau, notamment par ruissellement, ou/et de communications entre des réservoirs d'eau et des dessicateurs ou humidificateurs selon le cas .The regulation of the thermal energy can, again, be supplemented by a regulation of the hygrometry between different A and B media. The channel 3 can then notably be equipped with water circulation, especially by runoff, and / or communications between water tanks and desiccators or humidifiers as appropriate.
L'invention concerne encore, selon le second mode de réalisation qui peut être combiné avec le premier mode, un dispositif 201 de fixation et de mise sous tension d'une nappe souple 203. Celle-ci est conçue apte à constituer un premier récepteur perforé 50, ou encore conçue apte à constituer un second récepteur 51, dans le cas où l'on choisit ce dernier comme étant souple. Cette nappe souple 203 peut ainsi avoir une fonction technique, telle que absorption, réflexion, filtration, protection, ou/et une fonction décorative de média support de décor ou analogue . Outre une utilisation préférée en tant que premier récepteur perforé 50 ou/et de second récepteur 51, une telle nappe souple 203 peut donc encore être utilisée pour constituer des moyens d'échange thermique 28, ou/et des moyens d'accumulation d'énergie 29, ou/et des moyens de réflexion 30, ou/et des moyens d'isolation 31.According to the second embodiment, which can be combined with the first embodiment, the invention also relates to a device 201 for fixing and energizing a flexible sheet 203. This is designed to form a first perforated receiver. 50, or conceived capable of constituting a second receiver 51, in the case where one chooses the latter as being flexible. This flexible ply 203 may thus have a technical function, such as absorption, reflection, filtration, protection, and / or a decorative function of a decorative support medium or the like. In addition to a preferred use as a first perforated receiver 50 and / or a second receiver 51, such a flexible sheet 203 can therefore still be used to constitute heat exchange means 28, and / or energy storage means 29, and / or reflection means 30, and / or isolation means 31.
La mise en place et l'échange de telles nappes souples requiert en général un mécanisme intégré au panneau, comportant des porte-bobines, ou/et un dérouleur, et des moyens de mise sous tension par actionnement d'une barre ou d'un rouleau excentrique. De tels mécanismes réservent l'usage de ces nappes souples à des panneaux fixes, d'une masse élevée en raison du mécanisme qu'ils renferment .The introduction and exchange of such flexible plies generally requires a mechanism integrated in the panel, comprising reel carriers, and / or unwinder, and means for energizing by actuating a bar or a eccentric roll. Such mechanisms reserve the use of these flexible sheets to fixed panels, a high mass because of the mechanism they contain.
On connaît aussi, par les documents WO 03/100286 ou WO 2006/063991, des solutions alternatives sans mécanisme, dans lesquelles une nappe souple comporte des bourrelets périphériques élastiques coopérant avec des gorges que comporte un cadre dans lequel la nappe est montée en tension, ou encore est accrochée par des moyens traditionnels et mise en tension à l'aide de tendeurs. Toutefois, le montage de la nappe souple nécessite une certaine dextérité, et s'accommode mal des conditions particulières relatives à l'équipement de panneaux de façade ou à grande hauteur, soumis à l'action du vent et des intempéries. De plus, le temps de montage est long en raison de la délicatesse de la pose . Ces solutions sans mécanisme dans le panneau nécessitent, encore, un maintien sur les quatre côtés de la nappe souple, dans le cas de l'équipement de panneaux rectangulaires.Document WO 03/100286 or WO 2006/063991 also discloses alternative solutions without a mechanism, in which a flexible sheet comprises elastic peripheral beads cooperating with grooves that comprise a frame in which the sheet is mounted in tension, or is hooked by traditional means and tensioned using tensioners. However, the assembly of the flexible sheet requires a certain dexterity, and poorly adapted to the particular conditions relating to the equipment of facade panels or high-rise, subject to the action of wind and weather. In addition, the assembly time is long because of the delicacy of the pose. These solutions without mechanism in the panel require, still, a maintenance on all four sides of the flexible sheet, in the case of the equipment of rectangular panels.
L'invention recherche l'utilisation de matériaux légers, facilement et rapidement amovibles, pour apporter des fonctionnalités nouvelles à une façade ou à une couverture de bâtiment : un aspect variable dans le temps, une régulation thermique de la température dans le bâtiment, et ceci aussi facilement pour la rénovation d'une façade ou couverture existante, par placage d'éléments rapportés, que pour la construction d'un bardage extérieur neuf .The invention seeks the use of lightweight materials, easily and quickly removable, to bring new features to a facade or a building cover: a variable appearance over time, a thermal regulation of the temperature in the building, and this as easily for the renovation of an existing facade or roof, by plating of inserts, as for the construction of a new external cladding.
La fixation et la mise sous tension de la nappe souple 203, sont réalisées en appui sur au moins une première surface d'appuiFixing and energizing the flexible ply 203 is carried out by pressing on at least a first bearing surface
204 et une seconde surface d'appui 205, qui sont situées de part et d'autre d'une surface intermédiaire 202, notamment une surface plane, à proximité de laquelle est tendue la nappe souple 203. Naturellement, ces surfaces d'appui 204 et 205, qui sont conçue comme des surfaces d'appui d'extrémités d'un tronçon de la nappe souple 203 déployée au niveau de cette surface intermédiaire 202, sont des appuis a minima : la nappe souple 203 peut encore être supportée, ou tout au moins limitée dans son débattement, par des surfaces d'appui intermédiaires, non représentées sur les figures, et intercalées entre les surfaces 204 et 205.204 and a second bearing surface 205, which are located on either side of an intermediate surface 202, in particular a flat surface, close to which is stretched the flexible sheet 203. Naturally, these bearing surfaces 204 and 205, which are designed as end bearing surfaces of a section of the flexible sheet 203 deployed at this intermediate surface 202, are supports at least: the flexible sheet 203 can still be supported, or any at least limited in its movement, by intermediate bearing surfaces, not shown in the figures, and interposed between the surfaces 204 and 205.
Si, dans un mode préféré de réalisation, la surface intermédiaire 202 est plane, on peut, bien sûr, concevoir d'autres modes de réalisation, selon lesquels la nappe souple 203 est tendue sous une forme gauche, par exemple avec des surfaces d'appui 204 etIf, in a preferred embodiment, the intermediate surface 202 is planar, it is possible, of course, to design other embodiments, according to which the flexible sheet 203 is stretched in a left-handed form, for example with flat surfaces. support 204 and
205 s' étendant selon des directions différentes, ou/et en étant tendue en appui sur des surfaces d'appui intermédiaires définissant, au moins partiellement, l'enveloppe de cette surface gauche. Il est donc possible de mettre en œuvre l'invention pour toute topographie de construction, ce qui autorise toutes les fantaisies architecturales, puisque le choix d'une nappe souple permet précisément une adaptation poussée au relief, du moins tant que les surfaces restent développables . Pour des zones particulières comportant des surfaces non développables, la nappe souple 203 peut intégrer des surfaces mises en forme ad hoc, par exemple par moulage ou similaire .205 extending in different directions, or / and being stretched in abutment on intermediate bearing surfaces defining, at least partially, the envelope of this left surface. It is therefore possible to implement the invention for any construction topography, which authorizes all the architectural fantasies, since the choice of a flexible sheet allows precise adaptation to the relief, at least as long as the surfaces remain developable. For particular areas with non-developable surfaces, the tablecloth flexible 203 may incorporate surfaces shaped ad hoc, for example by molding or the like.
Tout particulièrement, le dispositif 201 selon l'invention permet de tendre la nappe souple 203 au plus près de la surface intermédiaire 202. On comprend que cette surface intermédiaire 202 peut être, ou bien une surface pleine comme visible sur la figure 15, ou encore, tel que visible sur la figure 11, une ouverture délimitée par une découpe dans une structure, en particulier une structure plane si l'on choisit la surface intermédiaire 202 comme plane. Dans ce dernier cas, la nappe souple 203 remplit une fonction particulière d'obturation de la surface intermédiaire 202.More particularly, the device 201 according to the invention makes it possible to tension the flexible ply 203 as close as possible to the intermediate surface 202. It will be understood that this intermediate surface 202 may be either a solid surface as can be seen in FIG. , as shown in Figure 11, an opening defined by a cut in a structure, in particular a planar structure if the intermediate surface 202 is chosen as flat. In the latter case, the flexible sheet 203 performs a particular function of closing the intermediate surface 202.
L'invention permet d'effectuer une préparation au moindre coût de la nappe souple 203 avant sa pose. De façon particulière, cette préparation concerne l ' équipement préalable de deux bordures d'extrémité opposées. A cet effet, le dispositif 201 comporte au moins une première baguette 210 et au moins une seconde baguette 211, chacune conçue apte à immobiliser la nappe souple 203 à une première bordure d'extrémité 208, respectivement à une seconde bordure d'extrémité 209. Ces baguettes 210 et 211 peuvent prendre différentes formes. De façon préférée, elles sont réalisées chacune sous la forme d'un profilé, comportant une fente ou une gorge pour le logement de l'extrémité de la nappe souple 203. Le maintien de celle-ci peut se faire de différentes façons : par coincement ou pincement de la baguette qui est alors élastique, par couture, collage, thermocollage, thermosoudage, sertissage, ou analogue. La nappe souple 203 peut encore être maintenue dans son logement par une pièce complémentaire de forme simple telle qu'un coin ou une baguette droite . Toutes ces technologies sont très faciles à mettre en œuvre, et il est possible d'équiper une nappe souple de grande laize, par exemple deux mètres, sans problème particulier. Dans le cas d'une nappe souple 203 de grandes dimensions, elle peut être équipée, à chacun de ses bordures d'extrémité 208, 209, d'une succession de baguettes 210, respectivement 211, ces baguettes successives pouvant être articulées les unes aux autres, à la façon de mâts de tente tubulaires en fibre de verre ou de carbone, qui représentent une technologie particulièrement adaptée au cas d' espèce .The invention makes it possible to carry out a preparation at the least cost of the flexible ply 203 before it is laid. In particular, this preparation relates to the prior equipment of two opposite end edges. For this purpose, the device 201 comprises at least one first strip 210 and at least one second strip 211, each designed capable of immobilizing the flexible sheet 203 at a first end edge 208, respectively at a second end edge 209. These rods 210 and 211 can take different forms. Preferably, they are each made in the form of a profile, having a slot or a groove for accommodating the end of the flexible sheet 203. The maintenance of this can be done in different ways: by jamming or pinching the rod which is then elastic, by sewing, gluing, heat sealing, heat sealing, crimping, or the like. The flexible ply 203 can still be held in its housing by a complementary piece of simple shape such as a corner or a straight rod. All these technologies are very easy to implement, and it is possible to equip a flexible web of large width, for example two meters, without particular problem. In the case of a flexible sheet 203 of large dimensions, it can be equipped, at each of its end edges 208, 209, a succession of rods 210, respectively 211, these successive rods can be articulated to each other. others, like fiberglass or carbon tubular tent poles, which represent a particularly species.
De façon avantageuse, la première 210 ou/et la seconde baguette 211 comporte encore, à une extrémité au moins, un organe d'extraction, tel qu'un anneau, crochet ou similaire, conçu apte à faciliter la dépose de la nappe souple 203.Advantageously, the first 210 and / or the second rod 211 also comprises, at one end at least, an extraction member, such as a ring, hook or the like, designed to facilitate the removal of the flexible ply 203. .
Dans un mode préféré de réalisation, tel que visible sur les figures 11 à 17, le dispositif 201 comporte une structure composée d'au moins un premier bandeau 212 et d'un second bandeau 214. Au niveau du premier bandeau 212 une première gorge 213 s'étend selon une première direction Dl sensiblement longitudinale. De même, au niveau du second bandeau 214, une seconde gorge 215 s'étend selon une seconde direction D2 sensiblement longitudinale . Cette première gorge 213 et cette seconde gorge 215 sont chacune conçue apte à recevoir sur toute sa longueur la première baguette 210 ou la seconde baguette 211.In a preferred embodiment, as visible in FIGS. 11 to 17, the device 201 comprises a structure composed of at least a first strip 212 and a second strip 214. At the first strip 212 a first groove 213 extends in a first substantially longitudinal direction D1. Similarly, at the second strip 214, a second groove 215 extends in a second substantially longitudinal direction D2. This first groove 213 and this second groove 215 are each designed to receive over its entire length the first rod 210 or the second rod 211.
Avantageusement, dans le cas où la nappe souple 203 doit être montée dans un sens déterminé, envers ou avers, haut ou bas, droit ou gauche, chaque gorge peut être conçue de façon à n'accepter la coopération qu'avec un seul type de baguette, par exemple avec un détrompeur tel qu'un plat ou analogue, ou encore avec une dimension, notamment un diamètre, déterminée pour la baguette et le logement conçu apte à la recevoir.Advantageously, in the case where the flexible sheet 203 is to be mounted in a given direction, upside down or obverse, upward or downward, right or left, each groove can be designed to accept cooperation with only one type of rod, for example with a polarizer such as a dish or the like, or with a dimension, in particular a diameter, determined for the rod and the designed housing adapted to receive it.
La première gorge 213, respectivement la seconde gorge 215, est encore pourvue, à une première extrémité d'entrée 220, respectivement à une seconde extrémité d'entrée 221, de premiers moyens d'introduction 216, respectivement de seconds moyens d'introduction 217, par lesquels les baguettes porteuses de la nappe souple 203 sont introduites dans la direction Dl, respectivement dans la direction D2. Selon l'invention, les premiers moyens d'introduction 216, ou/et respectivement lesdits seconds moyens d'introduction 217 comportent un premier canal 224 conçu apte à recevoir la première baguette 210, respectivement un second canal 225 conçu apte à recevoir la seconde baguette 211, et ils comportent encore une première rampe 218, respectivement une seconde rampe 219, conçue apte à servir d'appui à la nappe souple 203 équipée des première baguette 210 et seconde baguette 211.The first groove 213, respectively the second groove 215, is further provided, at a first inlet end 220, respectively at a second inlet end 221, with first insertion means 216 and second insertion means 217 respectively. , by which the rods carrying the flexible ply 203 are introduced in the direction Dl, respectively in the direction D2. According to the invention, the first insertion means 216, or / and respectively said second insertion means 217 comprise a first channel 224 designed adapted to receive the first rod 210, respectively a second channel 225 designed adapted to receive the second rod 211, and they still include a first ramp 218, respectively a second ramp 219, designed adapted to serve as a support for the flexible sheet 203 equipped with the first rod 210 and second rod 211.
Une fente permet à la nappe souple 203 de sortir de la première gorge 213 ou de la seconde gorge 215, pour contourner la rampe 218 ou 219 selon le cas.A slot allows the flexible sheet 203 to exit the first groove 213 or the second groove 215, to bypass the ramp 218 or 219 as appropriate.
La première rampe 218, respectivement seconde rampe 219, est de section croissante dans le sens d' introduction de la baguette 210 ou 211, entre la première extrémité d'entrée 220, respectivement la seconde extrémité d'entrée 221, et une zone médiane 222 de la première gorge 213, respectivement une zone médiane 223 de la seconde gorge 215, de façon apte à mettre sous tension la nappe souple 203 lors de l'introduction de la première baguette 210 dans le premier canal 224 et de la seconde baguette 211 dans le second canal 225. Dans une variante avantageuse, tel que visible sur la figure 16, la première rampe 218, respectivement la seconde rampe 219, est réalisée en matériau élastique pour exercer sur la nappe souple 203, montée en appui sur ladite rampe 218 ou 219, un effort de mise en tension. De préférence, le premier canal 224, respectivement le second canal 225, s'étend jusqu'à une butée d'extrémité 207 conçue apte à arrêter la première baguette 210, respectivement la seconde baguette 211.The first ramp 218, respectively second ramp 219, is of increasing section in the direction of introduction of the rod 210 or 211, between the first input end 220, respectively the second input end 221, and a central zone 222 of the first groove 213, respectively a median zone 223 of the second groove 215, so as to tension the flexible ply 203 during the introduction of the first rod 210 into the first channel 224 and the second rod 211 into the second channel 225. In an advantageous variant, as visible in FIG. 16, the first ramp 218, respectively the second ramp 219, is made of elastic material for exerting on the flexible sheet 203, mounted in abutment on said ramp 218 or 219, an effort of tensioning. Preferably, the first channel 224, respectively the second channel 225, extends to an end stop 207 designed able to stop the first rod 210, respectively the second rod 211.
La première rampe 218, respectivement la seconde rampe 219, est, de façon préférée, constituée d'un secteur tronconique d'axe parallèle à la première direction Dl , respectivement à la seconde direction D2. Cette forme , ou encore la forme biaise de section croissante d'une variante représentée à la figure 15, peut, dans le cas préféré d'une exécution en matière plastique, être injectable dans un moule simple .The first ramp 218, respectively the second ramp 219, is preferably constituted by a frustoconical sector of axis parallel to the first direction D1, respectively to the second direction D2. This shape, or alternatively the widening section of a variant shown in Figure 15, may, in the preferred case of a plastic embodiment, be injectable in a simple mold.
On comprend qu'il suffit d'une rampe d'un seul côté de la nappe souple 203 pour assurer sa mise en tension. Toutefois, on préfère la solution dans laquelle la première gorge 213 et la seconde gorge 215 sont chacune équipée d'une rampe 218, et 219. Cette configuration permet, notamment, d'utiliser des bandeaux 212 et 214 réalisés dans des matériaux légers, tels que des matières plastiques, tout en ayant une élasticité suffisante pour réaliser une bonne mise sous tension de la nappe souple 203, même quand celle-ci est constituée d'un matériau rigide, tel un grillage.It is understood that it is sufficient for a ramp on one side of the flexible sheet 203 to ensure its tensioning. However, the solution in which the first groove 213 and the second groove 215 are each equipped with a ramp 218 and 219 is preferred. This configuration makes it possible, in particular, to use strips 212 and 214 made of lightweight materials, such as only materials plastics, while having sufficient elasticity to achieve a good power of the flexible sheet 203, even when it is made of a rigid material, such as a mesh.
De façon préférée, le premier canal 224, respectivement le second canal 225, est ainsi réalisé dans un matériau élastique et a une section au repos inférieure à celle de la première baguettePreferably, the first channel 224, respectively the second channel 225, is thus made of an elastic material and has a resting section smaller than that of the first rod.
210, respectivement de la seconde baguette 211, de façon à exercer sur cette dernière un effort de serrage .210, respectively of the second rod 211, so as to exert on the latter a clamping force.
Dans une réalisation préférée tel que visible sur la figure 12, le premier canal 224, respectivement le second canal 225, est ouvert selon une génératrice sur laquelle s'appuie de façon sensiblement radiale une première aile 226, respectivement une seconde aile 227, réalisée en matériau élastique et conçue apte à servir d'appui à la nappe souple 203 et à exercer sur elle un effort de mise en tension. L'action de pré-tension à l'introduction de la nappe souple 203 dans le dispositif 201 est ainsi complétée par des moyens de maintien sous tension que constituent les ailes élastiques 226 et 227. Ces dernières permettent, encore, de compenser les dilatations de nature thermique ou autre . Dans la mesure où, pour simplifier la pose de la nappe souple 203, on n'équipe que deux côtés de cette dernière, on peut, avantageusement, agencer le dispositif 201 pour assurer une tension régulière sur toute la surface, et éviter tout effet de fripage. A cet effet, dans une réalisation préférée, tel que visible sur la figure 17 , le premier canal 224 , respectivement le second canal 225, comporte une courbure 230, respectivement 231, rapprochant sa zone médiane de la surface intermédiaire 202 située entre ledit premier bandeau 212 et ledit second bandeau 214, sensiblement parallèlement à la surface intermédiaire 202, et notamment dans un plan parallèle à cette surface intermédiaire 202 si cette dernière est choisie plane. Ainsi, dans le cas de la pose d'une nappe souple 203 de forme rectangulaire à plat, celle-ci est tendue par ses quatre coins , proches des zones de butée des baguettes et des zones d' introduction de ces dernières . De la même façon, avantageusement la première aile 226, respectivement la seconde aile 227 , comporte une courbure 230A, respectivement 231A, rapprochant sa zone médiane de la surface intermédiaire 202 située entre ledit premier bandeau 212 et ledit second bandeau 214, sensiblement parallèlement à la surface intermédiaire 202, et dans un plan parallèle à celui de cette surface intermédiaire 202 si celle-ci est choisie plane.In a preferred embodiment as visible in FIG. 12, the first channel 224, respectively the second channel 225, is open in a generatrix on which a first flange 226, or a second flange 227, made in a substantially radial manner, is supported in a substantially radial manner. elastic and designed material capable of serving to support the flexible sheet 203 and to exert on it a tensioning force. The pre-tensioning action at the introduction of the flexible ply 203 into the device 201 is thus completed by tension-holding means constituted by the elastic flanges 226 and 227. These latter make it possible, again, to compensate for the expansions of thermal or other nature. Insofar as, to simplify the laying of the flexible sheet 203, only two sides of the latter are provided, it is advantageous to arrange the device 201 to ensure a uniform tension over the entire surface, and to avoid any effect of fripage. For this purpose, in a preferred embodiment, as visible in FIG. 17, the first channel 224, respectively the second channel 225, comprises a curvature 230, respectively 231, bringing its median zone closer to the intermediate surface 202 located between said first strip 212 and said second strip 214, substantially parallel to the intermediate surface 202, and in particular in a plane parallel to this intermediate surface 202 if the latter is chosen flat. Thus, in the case of the laying of a flexible sheet 203 of rectangular flat shape, it is stretched by its four corners, close to the abutment areas of the rods and the areas of introduction thereof. In the same way, advantageously the first wing 226, respectively the second wing 227, has a curvature 230A, respectively 231A, bringing its median zone closer to the intermediate surface 202 situated between said first strip 212 and said second strip 214, substantially parallel to the intermediate surface 202, and in a plane parallel to that of this intermediate surface 202 if this is chosen plane.
Dans une variante de réalisation, un effet similaire peut être obtenu en jouant sur la section ou l'épaisseur des canaux 224 et 225, ou/et des ailes 226 et 227, plus épaisses en zone médiane, pour obtenir un différentiel de tension entre la zone médiane et les zones d'extrémité, c'est-à-dire de butée et d'introduction de chaque baguette. Ainsi, la première aile 226, respectivement la seconde aile 227, est d'épaisseur plus forte en zone médiane, de façon apte à générer un différentiel de tension entre la zone médiane et les zones d' extrémité , soient de butée et d' introduction de chaque baguette.In an alternative embodiment, a similar effect can be obtained by varying the section or thickness of the channels 224 and 225, and / or wings 226 and 227, which are thicker in the central zone, to obtain a voltage differential between the middle zone and the end zones, that is to say abutment and introduction of each rod. Thus, the first wing 226, respectively the second wing 227, is of greater thickness in the median zone, so as to generate a voltage differential between the central zone and the end zones, be of abutment and introduction each baguette.
De façon préférée, la première direction Dl et la seconde direction D2 sont des droites . De façon préférée , la première direction Dl et la seconde direction D2 sont parallèles . De façon préférée, la surface intermédiaire 202 est plane. Les baguettes 210 et 211 peuvent, selon le cas, être rigides ou souples .Preferably, the first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are straight lines. Preferably, the first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are parallel. Preferably, the intermediate surface 202 is flat. The rods 210 and 211 may, depending on the case, be rigid or flexible.
Naturellement, le mode de montage peut différer aux deux extrémités, l'une d'entre elles pouvant consister en une simple fente dans laquelle est enfilée la nappe souple 203, munie de moyens d'arrêt sur cette fente, tels qu'un ourlet incorporant une baguette ou similaire .Naturally, the mounting mode may differ at both ends, one of which may consist of a simple slot in which is threaded the flexible sheet 203, provided with stop means on this slot, such as a hem incorporating a wand or the like.
Ce mode de montage selon l'invention autorise une préfabrication très simple, et à coût très bas, d'une nappe souple 203, et garantit son parfait montage sur une structure de bâtiment, avec une mise en tension très facile et efficace .This method of assembly according to the invention allows a very simple prefabrication, and very low cost of a flexible sheet 203, and ensures its perfect mounting on a building structure, with a very easy and effective tensioning.
Il est ainsi possible, pour un coût très bas, de disposer successivement, de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur du bâtiment, de façon sensiblement parallèles les unes aux autres de façon à pouvoir délimiter des gaines de circulation d'air, plusieurs nappes souples 203 ayant chacune une ou plusieurs fonctionnalités particulières : aspect extérieur du bâtiment , premier récepteur perforé 50, second récepteur 51, condenseur 110, moyens d'échange thermique 28, moyens d'accumulation d'énergie 29, moyens de réflexion 30, moyens d'isolation 31.It is thus possible, for a very low cost, to have successively, from outside to inside the building, substantially parallel to each other so as to delimit air ducts, several flexible sheets 203 each having one or more particular features: exterior appearance of the building, first receiver perforated 50, second receiver 51, condenser 110, heat exchange means 28, energy storage means 29, reflection means 30, insulation means 31.
On peut aussi conjuguer des nappes souples 203 et des structures rigides, par exemple des panneaux photovoltaiques constituant le second récepteur 51. Des cellules photovoltaiques apparaissent sur le marché sur support souple, et peuvent être disposées sur des enrouleurs-dérouleurs pour être déployées à la demande pour la production d'énergie électrique. Toutefois, les supports actuels n'autorisent pas toutes les courbures, et les supports actuels ne peuvent pas être mis sous tension pour leur adaptation à une forme gauche particulière .It is also possible to combine flexible sheets 203 and rigid structures, for example photovoltaic panels constituting the second receiver 51. Photovoltaic cells appear on the market on flexible support, and can be arranged on reels-unwinders to be deployed on demand. for the production of electrical energy. However, current media do not allow all curvatures, and current media can not be powered up for adaptation to a particular left shape.
Dans une version très simple d'habillage de façade ou de rénovation, on peut plaquer sur la structure du bâtiment, ou sur un bardage existant qui la recouvre, des caissons ou coques du commerce, par exemple des coques « MD® » de « Arcelor-Mittal ®», constituant le second récepteur 51, et installer, à distance de celles-ci de façon à constituer un canal intérieur 3, un dispositif 201 muni d'une nappe souple 203 faisant premier récepteur perforé 50, en particulier sous la forme d'un textile comportant des perforations ou orifices de passage de l'air ou/et de la lumière.In a very simple version of facade or renovation cladding, it is possible to place on the structure of the building, or on an existing cladding which covers it, boxes or shells of the trade, for example "MD®" hulls of "Arcelor -Mittal ® ", constituting the second receiver 51, and installing, remotely therefrom so as to constitute an inner channel 3, a device 201 provided with a flexible sheet 203 making perforated first receiver 50, in particular in the form a textile having perforations or orifices for passage of air and / or light.
Naturellement, il est possible, dans le premier comme dans le second mode de réalisation, de constituer plusieurs canaux 3 juxtaposés, délimités par des nappes intermédiaires. Dans une version plus élaborée, le second récepteur 51 est constitué par un condenseur 110, en particulier dans sa version comportant des profils en demi-gouttes d'eau 32 sur sa face vers l'extérieur du bâtiment, et des profils en nids d'abeille 37 sur sa face vers l ' intérieur du bâtiment . Si l'invention autorise, dans un mode d'exécution particulier, la conception de panneaux faciles à manipuler par un homme seul , aisément juxtaposables et assurant la continuité d'un canal intérieur 3 , elle autorise également la conception de dispositifs de positionnement et de mise en tension de nappes souples 203, et en particulier selon de grandes dimensions, par exemple sur la hauteur d'un bâtiment en une seule bande. En effet, un dispositif 201 tel que décrit ci-dessus est adaptable indifféremment à l'équipement d'un panneau creux 1 modulaire, ou à une façade ou couverture complète de bâtiment.Naturally, it is possible, in the first as in the second embodiment, to form several channels 3 juxtaposed, delimited by intermediate layers. In a more elaborate version, the second receiver 51 is constituted by a condenser 110, in particular in its version comprising profiles in half-drops of water 32 on its face towards the outside of the building, and profiles in nesting nests. bee 37 on its face towards the interior of the building. If the invention authorizes, in a particular embodiment, the design of easy to handle panels by a single man, easily juxtaposed and ensuring the continuity of an inner channel 3, it also allows the design of positioning devices and tensioning of flexible plies 203, and in particular in large dimensions, for example on the height of a building in a single strip. Indeed, a device 201 as described above is adaptable indifferently to the equipment of a modular hollow panel 1, or to a facade or complete building coverage.
Dans tous les cas, il est important d'adapter la section S du canal intérieur 3 constitué entre le premier récepteur perforé 50 et le second récepteur 51, par rapport à la surface S' constituée par les perforations ou/et orifices du premier récepteur perforé . Naturellement, le calcul des pertes de charges diffère selon que l'air est, dans le canal intérieur 3, en convection libre ou en convection forcée, et dépend encore des autres équipements implantés dans ce canal intérieur 3 et de la nature des parois de ce dernier. De bons résultats sont obtenus avec un rapport S/S' compris entre 0,5 et 2, et préférentiellement entre 0,8 et 1,2.In all cases, it is important to adapt the section S of the inner channel 3 formed between the first perforated receiver 50 and the second receiver 51, with respect to the surface S 'constituted by the perforations or / and orifices of the first perforated receiver . Naturally, the calculation of the pressure losses differs according to whether the air is, in the inner channel 3, in free convection or in forced convection, and still depends on the other equipment implanted in this inner channel 3 and the nature of the walls of this latest. Good results are obtained with a S / S 'ratio of between 0.5 and 2, and preferably between 0.8 and 1.2.
De façon préférée, le rapport S/S' augmente avec l'altitude dans le cas particulier où l'on installe un dispositif d'aspiration ou d'extraction d'air du canal 3, dans la partie la plus haute de ce dernier par rapport au sol. On peut donc jouer, soit sur la section S de la gaine s'élargissant au fur et à mesure qu'on monte, soit sur la section S' du premier récepteur perforé 50, soit sur les deux en combinaison. Dans le cas où l'on désire jouer sur la section S' , on peut choisir de rabouter des lés avec des ouvertures de perforation différentes, ou encore, de façon plus simple et plus économique, en gardant la même structure de récepteur perforé 50, notamment de nappe souple 203 de bas en haut, mais d'en occulter une partie variable selon l'altitude, par exemple, simplement, avec un masque sous la forme d'une bande non perforée de forme triangulaire plaquée sur ce premier récepteur perforé 50.Preferably, the S / S 'ratio increases with the altitude in the particular case where an air suction or extraction device of the channel 3 is installed, in the highest part of the latter by ground ratio. It is therefore possible to play, either on the section S of the sheath widening as one goes up, or on the section S 'of the first perforated receiver 50, or on both in combination. In the case where it is desired to play on section S ', it is possible to choose to join strips with different perforation openings, or even more simply and economically, while keeping the same perforated receiver structure 50, in particular flexible sheet 203 from bottom to top, but to hide a variable portion according to the altitude, for example, simply with a mask in the form of a non-perforated triangular-shaped band plated on the first perforated receiver 50 .
L'utilisation de nappes souples et amovibles dans l'industrie du bâtiment présente de nombreux avantages : coût réduit, masse faible , en par conséquence risque réduit en cas de chute sur chantier, préparation très simple, faible encombrement sous forme enroulée et donc transport et levage économiques, grande facilité de pose, facilité de démontage et d'échange, facilité de récupération et de recyclage . En somme, l'invention fournit des moyens d'habillage d'une façade ou d' une couverture de bâtiment avec un premier récepteur perforé 50, qui est à la fois amovible et souple. Ce premier récepteur perforé 50, sous la forme d'une nappe souple 203, est, dans une exécution préférée, doublement amovible : la nappe souple 203 est tendue entre deux surfaces d'appui 204 et 205, soit au niveau de la totalité d'une façade ou d'une couverture, soit au niveau d' un panneau 1 qui est un élément constituant d' une structure 100 de cette façade ou de cette couverture. Cette nappe souple 203 est, dans tous les cas, facilement amovible des logements disposés de part et d'autre de ces surfaces d'appui 204 et 205. Quand elle est disposée au niveau d'un panneau 1 constituant un module, elle bénéficie de l'amovibilité de ce dernier, et est donc amovible de deux façons : soit avec le panneau module 1 lui-même, soit hors des logements disposés sur ce dernier. Ainsi, le récepteur perforé 50 peut se changer depuis le bas ou le haut d'une façade ou d'une couverture. Il peut aussi se fixer sur un cadre constitué par un panneau 1 ou rapporté sur un panneau 1, ou sur un cadre fixé sur la façade ou la couverture considérée . Dans la version où une telle nappe souple 203 est apposée sur toute la hauteur, ou encore sur toute la largeur, d'une façade ou d'une couverture, devant une pluralité de panneaux 1 ou d'éléments de bardage, elle peut être montée traversante, si ces panneaux ou éléments de bardage comportent eux-mêmes une surface externe par exemple translucide, vitrée ou en polycarbonate ou similaire, ou bien s'ils comportent sur leur face externe un autre premier récepteur perforé 50. La nappe souple 203 est alors tendue dans un canal intérieur 3 constitué à l'arrière de cette surface externe que comportent les panneaux ou les éléments de bardage . Elle est de préférence tendue entre deux surfaces d'appui 204 et 205 disposées aux extrémités de l'élément de façade ou de couverture à habiller.The use of flexible and removable plies in the building industry has many advantages: low cost, low weight, consequently reduced risk in the event of a fall on site, very simple preparation, small encumbrance in wrapped form and thus transport and economical lifting, great ease of installation, ease of disassembly and exchange, ease of recovery and recycling. In short, the invention provides means for covering a facade or building cover with a first perforated receiver 50, which is both removable and flexible. This first perforated receiver 50, in the form of a flexible sheet 203, is, in a preferred embodiment, doubly removable: the flexible sheet 203 is stretched between two bearing surfaces 204 and 205, or at the level of the entire a facade or cover, either at the level of a panel 1 which is a constituent element of a structure 100 of this facade or cover. This flexible sheet 203 is, in all cases, easily removable housing disposed on either side of these bearing surfaces 204 and 205. When it is disposed at a panel 1 constituting a module, it benefits from the removability of the latter, and is therefore removable in two ways: either with the panel module 1 itself, or out of the housing arranged on the latter. Thus, the perforated receiver 50 can be changed from the bottom or the top of a facade or cover. It can also be fixed to a frame consisting of a panel 1 or attached to a panel 1, or a frame attached to the facade or cover considered. In the version where such a flexible sheet 203 is affixed over the entire height, or over the entire width, a frontage or a cover, in front of a plurality of panels 1 or cladding elements, it can be mounted through, if these panels or cladding elements themselves comprise an outer surface for example translucent, glazed or polycarbonate or the like, or if they have on their outer face another first perforated receiver 50. The flexible sheet 203 is then stretched in an inner channel 3 formed at the rear of the outer surface that comprise the panels or cladding elements. It is preferably stretched between two bearing surfaces 204 and 205 disposed at the ends of the facade element or cover to be dressed.
De préférence, ce premier récepteur 50 constitué d'une nappe souple a des fonctions de régulation solaire, de manière à optimiser sa performance thermique . Ainsi , il peut par exemple être choisi blanc et réfléchissant en été, et noir et absorbant en hiver . De façon avantageuse, quand on veut réutiliser un bardage existant sans le déposer, ou encore utiliser des panneaux ou caissons de bardage du commerce sans fonction thermique particulière, l'emploi d'une autre nappe souple 203, montée à distance de la première, pour constituer le second récepteur 51, et le canal intérieur 3 le séparant du premier récepteur 50 , permet un équipement très rapide, à peu de frais, sans nécessiter d'échafaudage ni d'équipement lourd de manutention tel qu'une grue : une simple nacelle suffit pour poser un ou plusieurs dispositifs 201 de maintien et de mise sous tension d'autant de nappes souples 203. Ces dernières peuvent alors, soit être introduites depuis une extrémité supérieure, lestées pour leur déploiement, puis fixées pour leur mise sous tension à une extrémité inférieure, soit présentées sous forme d'un rouleau 65 depuis le bas de la façade ou de la couverture . Dans ce cas, ce rouleau est poussé avec un outillage 64 permettant de le présenter au niveau de son logement supérieur 66. Cet outillage 64 peut être, soit amovible, soit rester intégré à la façade, notamment rangé dans des logements latéraux que comporte la structure d'habillage, ou à l'intérieur des moyens de guidage 61, conçus pour servir de moyens de guidage à ce rouleau lors de sa pose, tel que visible sur la figure 22.Preferably, this first receiver 50 consists of a flexible sheet has solar control functions, so as to optimize its thermal performance. Thus, it can for example be chosen white and reflective in summer, and black and absorbent in winter. Advantageously, when it is desired to reuse an existing cladding without depositing it, or else to use panels or cladding boxes of commerce without any particular thermal function, the use of another flexible ply 203, mounted at a distance from the first, for constituting the second receiver 51, and the inner channel 3 separating it from the first receiver 50, allows very fast equipment, inexpensively, without the need for scaffolding or heavy handling equipment such as a crane: a simple nacelle is sufficient to place one or more devices 201 for holding and powering as many flexible sheets 203. The latter can then be introduced from an upper end, weighted for deployment, and then fixed for their power to a bottom end, be presented as a roll 65 from the bottom of the facade or cover. In this case, this roll is pushed with a tool 64 to present it at its upper housing 66. This tool 64 can be either removable or remain integrated to the front, including stored in lateral housing that includes the structure dressing, or inside the guide means 61, designed to serve as guide means for this roller during its installation, as shown in Figure 22.
Dans une variante de réalisation, tel que visible sur la figure 23, la nappe souple 203 est montée sur un cadre déformable 75, constituant une variante de dispositif 201 de fixation et de mise sous tension de nappe souple, conçu apte à coopérer avec des guidages latéraux 61, ou glissières, que comporte une structure 100 de panneaux 1 ou 69, ou qui sont plaquées sur la façade ou couverture du bâtiment. Dans une version simple de réalisation, ce cadre déformable 75 comporte deux armatures d'extrémité 76 portant chacune une extrémité de la bande souple . Chacune de ces armatures d'extrémité 76 coopère, à chacune de ses extrémités, avec une armature latérale 77 déformable. De façon préférée, cette armature latérale 77 comporte des tronçons 78, par exemple en fibre de verre ou de carbone, articulés entre eux, et comportant, au niveau de chaque articulation, des moyens de rappel élastique conçus aptes à assurer et maintenir l'alignement des tronçons 78 entre eux, lorsque ces derniers tronçons 78 sont poussés dans cette position d'alignement, en particulier en appui sur les guidages latéraux 61. Il est ainsi possible d'enfiler dans les moyens de guidage 61 une armature d'extrémité 76 supérieure, avec de chaque côté un premier tronçon 78, les autres tronçons étant repliés les uns sur les autres et formant un fagot au niveau de l'opérateur. Celui-ci déplie ensuite un second tronçon 78 de chaque côté, le plaque dans le guidage 61 en alignement du précédente, et ainsi de suite, monte la totalité du cadre déformable 75, qui prend une forme rectangulaire quand il est terminé. Le placage dans le guidage 61 du tout dernier tronçon 78 associé à l'autre armature d'extrémité 76 inférieure, assure la mise sous tension de la nappe souple 203. Ce cadre déformable 75 peut, grâce à l'emploi de matériaux tubulaires légers, tels qu'utilisés en matériel de pêche ou pour la confection d'antennes ou de mâts, rester d'une masse très faible, de l'ordre de un ou quelques kilogrammes, même pour une grande longueur déployée de la nappe souple 203, par exemple une hauteur de façade de plusieurs étages . Dans une autre variante d'exécution, la nappe souple 203 est constituée de plusieurs tronçons, chacun tendu sur un cadre déformable 85, conçu apte à coopérer avec de tels guidages 61. Ce cadre déformable 85, constituant une autre variante de dispositif 201 de fixation et de mise sous tension de nappe souple, comporte, tel que visible sur les figures 24 et 25, deux armatures d'extrémité 86 portant chacune une extrémité de la bande souple 203. Chacune de ces armatures d'extrémité 86 coopère, à chacune de ses extrémités, avec une armature latérale 87 élastiquement déformable. On forme ainsi, avant enfilage dans les guidages 61, une structure sensiblement rectangulaire , mais dont deux côtés sont bombés, sous l'effet de la tension de la nappe souple, qui arc- boute les armatures latérales 87, tel que visible sur la figure 24. Quand on enfile cette structure dans les guidages 61 , ceux-ci sont dimensionnés aptes à faire appui sur ces armatures latérales 86 pour les redresser, ce qui augmente encore la tension de la nappe souple, tel que visible sur la figure 25. Il suffit de glisser cette structure dans les guidages 61 pour la mettre en place au niveau souhaité. Pour faciliter le démontage et l'extraction de ces structures, notamment pour en changer la nappe souple 203, chaque cadre 85 comporte à une première extrémité, des moyens d'entraînement 88, qui sont conçus aptes à coopérer avec des moyens d'entraînement complémentaires 89 équipant une seconde extrémité d'un autre cadre 85 de même type, tel que visible sur les figures 26 et 27. La coopération entre les moyens 88 et 89 peut se faire de façon articulée , par exemple avec un doigt ou un ergot coopérant avec un alésage ou un logement complémentaire, ou similaire. Cette coopération des moyens 88 et 89 permet de former une chaîne, mobile en compression aussi bien qu'en traction. De façon avantageuse, les moyens 88 et 89 constituent encore des patins de glissement dans les guidages 61. De façon préférée, des moyens 88 et 89 sont installés de part et d'autre de la bande souple 203, tel que visible sur les figures .In an alternative embodiment, as visible in FIG. 23, the flexible ply 203 is mounted on a deformable frame 75 constituting an alternative device 201 for fixing and tensioning the flexible ply, designed to cooperate with guides. lateral 61, or slides, that comprises a structure 100 of panels 1 or 69, or which are plated on the facade or roof of the building. In a simple embodiment, this deformable frame 75 comprises two end plates 76 each carrying one end of the flexible band. Each of these end plates 76 cooperates at each of its ends with a deformable lateral armature 77. Preferably, this lateral armature 77 comprises sections 78, for example fiberglass or carbon, articulated together, and comprising, at each articulation, resilient return means designed suitable for ensure and maintain the alignment of the sections 78 between them, when the latter sections 78 are pushed into this alignment position, in particular bearing on the lateral guides 61. It is thus possible to thread into the guide means 61 a upper end frame 76, with each side a first section 78, the other sections being folded over each other and forming a bundle at the operator. It then unfolds a second section 78 on each side, the plate in the guide 61 in alignment with the previous one, and so on, rises the entire deformable frame 75, which takes a rectangular shape when it is finished. Plating in the guide 61 of the very last section 78 associated with the other lower end armature 76 ensures the tensioning of the flexible sheet 203. This deformable frame 75 can, thanks to the use of lightweight tubular materials, as used in fishing equipment or for the manufacture of antennas or masts, remain of a very small mass, of the order of one or a few kilograms, even for a long extended length of the flexible ply 203, by example a height of facade of several floors. In another variant embodiment, the flexible ply 203 consists of several sections, each stretched over a deformable frame 85, designed to cooperate with such guides 61. This deformable frame 85, constituting another variant of the fixing device 201 and of tensioning of flexible ply, comprises, as visible in FIGS. 24 and 25, two end plates 86 each carrying one end of the flexible strip 203. Each of these end plates 86 cooperates with each of its ends, with a lateral armature 87 elastically deformable. Thus, before threading in the guides 61, a substantially rectangular structure, but of which two sides are curved, under the effect of the tension of the flexible ply, which archs the side plates 87, as visible in FIG. 24. When this structure is threaded into the guides 61, these are dimensioned able to bear on these lateral plates 86 to straighten them, which further increases the tension of the flexible sheet, as can be seen in FIG. just slide this structure in the guides 61 to set it up to the desired level. To facilitate disassembly and extraction of these structures, in particular to change the flexible sheet 203, each frame 85 comprises at a first end, drive means 88, which are designed to cooperate with complementary drive means 89 equipping a second end of another frame 85 of the same type, as visible in Figures 26 and 27. The cooperation between the means 88 and 89 can be articulated, for example with a finger or a lug cooperating with a bore or a complementary housing, or the like. This cooperation means 88 and 89 makes it possible to form a chain, mobile in compression as well as in tension. Advantageously, the means 88 and 89 are still sliding pads in the guides 61. Preferably, means 88 and 89 are installed on either side of the flexible band 203, as shown in the figures.
La superposition de plusieurs nappes souples 203, tel que visible sur la figure 18, permet, d'une part, de jouer sur l'ampleur de la surface perforée, et d'autre part de jouer sur le comportement en réflexion ou en absorption d'énergie. Elle permet, encore, de modifier l'aspect de la façade ou de la couverture.The superposition of several flexible sheets 203, as visible in FIG. 18, allows, on the one hand, to play on the extent of the perforated surface, and on the other hand to play on the behavior in reflection or absorption of 'energy. It allows, again, to change the appearance of the facade or cover.
Il est, encore, possible de disposer, tel que visible dans l'exemple des figures 18 à 20, extérieurement au premier récepteur perforé 50, un panneau translucide 60 tel que vitrage, polycarbonate ou similaire. Dans le cas préféré d'un panneau 60 en polycarbonate , on peut avantageusement former ce dernier de façon à créer un ou plusieurs moyens de guidages latéraux 61 tels que des gorges ou similaires, pour guider une nappe souple 203 constituant le premier récepteur perforé 50. Dans le cas d'un panneau translucide 60 venant recouvrir un caisson ou un panneau creux 1 selon l'exemple de la figure 20, le guidage se fait par des côtés 67 que comporte alors le panneau 60 pour enserrer le panneau 1 ou le caisson sur lequel il s'appuie. Dans l'application préférée d'une structure de bardage 100 entièrement modulaire, incorporant des panneaux creux 1 tels que décrits ci-dessus, ou/et encore des caissons du négoce, notamment des caissons en tôle, il est avantageux de concevoir les panneaux translucides 60 également sous forme modulaire. Dans une réalisation particulière, ces panneaux comportent une première extrémité 62 conçue apte à coopérer par emboîtement avec une seconde extrémité 63, opposée à la première extrémité 62 , d' un autre panneau 60 de même type . Dans une réalisation économique, le panneau 60 a une forme de trapèze, dont les bases sont constituées par les extrémités 62 et 63, tel que visible sur la figure 21. Le pliage du polycarbonate selon des arêtes droites est facile, pour réaliser une telle forme, complétée par des replis supplémentaires sur les faces obliques 68 du trapèze pour constituer des guidages 61. De façon avantageuse, un panneau 60 est monté en recouvrement sur celui qui est situé en-dessous de lui , pour éviter la pénétration des intempéries . Cet emboîtement permet néanmoins de ménager un passage d'air entre ces deux panneaux 60, ce qui peut être avantageux pour éviter la condensation .It is also possible to arrange, as visible in the example of FIGS. 18 to 20, externally to the first perforated receiver 50, a translucent panel 60 such as glazing, polycarbonate or the like. In the preferred case of a polycarbonate panel 60, the latter can advantageously be formed so as to create one or more lateral guide means 61 such as grooves or the like, for guiding a flexible sheet 203 constituting the first perforated receiver 50. In the case of a translucent panel 60 coming to cover a box or a hollow panel 1 according to the example of FIG. 20, the guiding is done by sides 67 which then comprises the panel 60 for enclosing the panel 1 or the box on which he relies on. In the preferred application of a completely modular cladding structure 100, incorporating hollow panels 1 as described above, or / and still the caissons of the trade, in particular sheet metal boxes, it is advantageous to design the translucent panels 60 also in modular form. In a particular embodiment, these panels have a first end 62 designed adapted to cooperate by interlocking with a second end 63, opposite the first end 62, of another panel 60 of the same type. In an economic embodiment, the panel 60 has a trapezoidal shape, whose bases are constituted by the ends 62 and 63, as visible in FIG. 21. The folding of the polycarbonate along straight edges is easy, to achieve such a shape. , supplemented by additional folds on the oblique faces 68 of the trapezium to form guideways 61. Advantageously, a panel 60 is mounted overlapping on the one located below it, to prevent the penetration of bad weather. This interlocking nevertheless allows to provide an air passage between these two panels 60, which may be advantageous to avoid condensation.
L'exemple de la figure 18 comporte des panneaux creux 1, ou/et des caissons du négoce 69, qui comportent à une première extrémité 70 des moyens d'appui 71, conçus aptes à coopérer avec des moyens de réception 73 que comporte à une seconde extrémité 72 un autre caisson 69 ou un autre panneau 1, situé au-dessous de lui. Naturellement, la surface 74 de ces panneaux 1 ou caissons 69, tournée vers le premier milieu A, peut constituer un second récepteur 51. Il est d' ailleurs possible d' améliorer le comportement thermique de cette surface 74, par l'application d'un revêtement sélectif, tel que peinture noire, traitement de surface, rechargement, ou similaire. La figure 18 illustre le cas où le second récepteur 51 est constitué par un condenseur 110, notamment constitué également par une nappe souple déroulée dans le canal intérieur 3.The example of FIG. 18 comprises hollow panels 1, or / and compartments of the trade 69, which comprise at a first end 70 support means 71, designed to cooperate with receiving means 73 which is provided at a second end 72 another box 69 or another panel 1, located below it. Naturally, the surface 74 of these panels 1 or caissons 69, turned towards the first medium A, can constitute a second receiver 51. It is moreover possible to improve the thermal behavior of this surface 74, by the application of a selective coating, such as black paint, surface treatment, reloading, or the like. FIG. 18 illustrates the case where the second receiver 51 is constituted by a condenser 110, in particular also constituted by a flexible sheet unwound in the inner channel 3.
Dans le cas de nappes souples 203 de grande longueur, il est avantageux de les raidir, par exemple en les armant de baleines telles que tiges en fibre de verre ou similaire , à espacement régulier, par exemple un mètre, et disposées parallèlement au sol. In the case of flexible sheets 203 of great length, it is advantageous to stiffen them, for example by arming whales such as rods fiberglass or the like, at regular spacing, for example one meter, and arranged parallel to the ground.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé d' habillage de façade ou de couverture d' un bâtiment, selon lequel on dispose au moins un premier récepteur perforé (50) , à distance d'un second récepteur (51) rapporté sur la structure dudit bâtiment ou constitué par ladite structure, de façon à ménager, entre ledit second récepteur (51) et ledit premier récepteur perforé (50) le plus proche de ce dernier, un canal de circulation d'air (3), caractérisé par le fait qu'on choisit un tel premier récepteur perforé (50) amovible et comportant une nappe souple (203) ou constitué par une telle nappe souple (203) .1. A method of covering a facade or covering of a building, according to which there is at least one first perforated receiver (50), at a distance from a second receiver (51) attached to the structure of said building or constituted by said structure, so as to arrange, between said second receiver (51) and said first perforated receiver (50) closest to the latter, an air circulation channel (3), characterized in that one selects such first perforated receiver (50) removable and comprising a flexible sheet (203) or constituted by such a flexible sheet (203).
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on incorpore ledit premier récepteur perforé (50) dans un panneau creux (1) conçu apte à être incorporé dans un dispositif de bardage extérieur (100) , constitué par la juxtaposition de tels panneaux2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that incorporates said first perforated receiver (50) in a hollow panel (1) designed adapted to be incorporated in an external cladding device (100) constituted by the juxtaposition of such panels
(D •(D •
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2 , caractérisé en ce qu'on choisit ledit premier récepteur perforé (50) souple, et on le tend en applique devant ladite façade ou couverture, par le moyen d'au moins un dispositif de fixation et de mise sous tension (201) d'une nappe souple (203) , incorporée audit premier récepteur perforé (50) , ou le constituant.3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said first flexible perforated receiver (50) is chosen, and is applied in front of said facade or cover, by means of at least one fixing device and energizing (201) a flexible web (203) incorporated in said first perforated receiver (50), or component thereof.
4. Panneau creux (1) pour la mise en œuvre de la revendication 2, conçu apte à être fixé à la structure d'un bâtiment, et réactif au rayonnement thermique, notamment solaire, comportant, entre une première face (2) conçue apte à être dirigée vers un premier milieu (A) , et une seconde face (10) conçue apte à être dirigée vers un second milieu (B) , au moins un canal intérieur (3) de circulation de fluide, notamment d'air, s 'étendant entre une première ouverture (5) située à une première bordure d'extrémité (4) , et une seconde ouverture (7) située à une seconde bordure d'extrémité (6) , ledit canal intérieur (3) s' étendant entre d'une part au moins un premier récepteur perforé (50) conçu apte à être exposé à un rayonnement thermique du côté de ladite première face (2), et d'autre part au moins un second récepteur (51) étanche à l'air du côté de ladite seconde face (10) , caractérisé par le fait que ledit premier récepteur (50) comporte ou est constitué par une nappe souple (203) .4. hollow panel (1) for the implementation of claim 2, designed to be fixed to the structure of a building, and reactive to thermal radiation, including solar radiation, comprising, between a first face (2) designed apt to be directed towards a first medium (A), and a second face (10) designed adapted to be directed towards a second medium (B), at least one inner channel (3) for circulating fluid, in particular air, extending between a first opening (5) at a first end edge (4) and a second opening (7) at a second end edge (6), said inner channel (3) extending between on the one hand at least a first perforated receiver (50) designed to be exposed to thermal radiation on the side of said first face (2), and secondly at least a second receiver (51) airtight on the side of said second face (10), characterized in that said first receiver (50) comprises or consists of a flexible sheet (203).
5. Panneau (1) selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte, entre ledit canal (3) et ladite seconde face (10) conçue apte à être dirigée vers le second milieu (B) , et agencés dans cet ordre depuis ledit canal (3) , des moyens d'échange thermique (28), des moyens d'accumulation d'énergie (29), des moyens de réflexion (30) , ledit panneau (1) étant encore apte à contenir, entre lesdits moyens de réflexion (30) et ladite seconde face (10) , des moyens d'isolation (31) .5. Panel (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises, between said channel (3) and said second face (10) designed adapted to be directed towards the second medium (B), and arranged in this command from said channel (3), heat exchange means (28), energy storage means (29), reflection means (30), said panel (1) still being able to contain, between said reflection means (30) and said second face (10), isolation means (31).
6. Panneau (1) selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte au moins une ouverture oblique (15), entre ledit canal (3) et ladite seconde face (10) , qui est dimensionnée de façon à autoriser le passage d'une portion inférieure à 25% du débit du flux de fluide circulant dans ledit canal (3) .6. Panel (1) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that it comprises at least one oblique opening (15), between said channel (3) and said second face (10), which is dimensioned so as to allow the passage of a portion less than 25% of the flow rate of the fluid flowing in said channel (3).
7. Panneau (1) selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte, à sa première bordure d'extrémité (4), respectivement à sa seconde bordure d'extrémité7. Panel (1) according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that it comprises, at its first end edge (4), respectively at its second end edge
(6) , un premier bandeau (16) , respectivement un second bandeau (17), comportant des premiers moyens d'appui et de guidage (18), respectivement des seconds moyens d'appui et de guidage (19), conçus aptes à autoriser son assemblage par empilage avec un autre panneau creux (1) de même type, et une surface d'appui et d'étanchéité (20) respectivement (21) pour la juxtaposition de façon étanche de ladite première ouverture (5) , respectivement de ladite seconde ouverture (7) , dudit panneau (1) , avec ladite seconde ouverture (7) , respectivement ladite première ouverture (5), d'un panneau (1) adjacent.(6), a first strip (16), respectively a second strip (17), comprising first support and guide means (18), respectively second support and guide means (19), designed adapted to allow its stacking assembly with another hollow panel (1) of the same type, and a bearing and sealing surface (20) respectively (21) for the sealing juxtaposition of said first opening (5), respectively of said second opening (7), said panel (1), with said second opening (7), respectively said first opening (5), an adjacent panel (1).
8. Panneau (1) selon la revendication 7, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte, servant d'appui auxdites première face (2) et seconde face (10) , une structure périphérique (55) à quatre côtés où ledit premier bandeau (16) et ledit second bandeau (17) sont joints, au niveau de leurs extrémités, par une première (53) et une seconde (54) traverses latérales, et que ledit premier bandeau (16) , respectivement ledit second bandeau (17) , comporte une première surface d'appui (22), respectivement une seconde surface d'appui (23), conçue apte à coopérer avec des moyens de sanglage (80) pour la fermeture ou/et la fixation de ladite structure périphérique (55) .8. Panel (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises, serving as a support for said first face (2) and second face (10), a peripheral structure (55) with four sides where said first headband (16) and said second strip (17) are joined at their ends by a first (53) and a second (54) lateral cross member, and said first strip (16), respectively said second strip (17) , has a first bearing surface (22), respectively a second surface support member (23) designed to cooperate with webbing means (80) for closing and / or securing said peripheral structure (55).
9. Condenseur (110) conçu apte à constituer ledit second récepteur (51) pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il est conçu apte à être monté dans un plan sensiblement vertical, et comporte, sur une première face (112) conçue apte à être tournée vers le rayonnement solaire, un profil volumique (113) conçu apte à maximiser l'ombre portée du soleil d'été sous des incidences fortes par rapport à la normale dudit second récepteur, et à minimiser l'ombre portée du soleil d'hiver sous des incidences faibles par rapport à la normale dudit condenseur (110) .9. Condenser (110) designed adapted to constitute said second receiver (51) for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is designed capable of being mounted in a substantially vertical plane , and comprises, on a first face (112) designed adapted to be turned towards solar radiation, a volume profile (113) designed to maximize the shadow of the summer sun under strong incidences relative to the normal of said second receiver, and minimize the shadow of the winter sun under low incidences relative to the normal of said condenser (110).
10. Condenseur (110) selon la revendication 9, caractérisé par le fait que ledit profil volumique (113) comportant une juxtaposition en quinconce de volumes (32) en demi-gouttes d'eau dont la partie renflée est disposée du côté du sol .10. Condenser (110) according to claim 9, characterized in that said volume profile (113) having a staggered juxtaposition of volumes (32) in half-drops of water whose bulged portion is disposed on the ground side.
11. Condenseur (110) selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte, sur sa seconde face (112A) opposée à la première face (112) , des moyens d'accumulation d'énergie (29) qui comportent une structure en nid d'abeilles (37) conçue apte à contenir un matériau accumulateur ou/et à changement de phase .11. Condenser (110) according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that it comprises, on its second face (112A) opposite the first face (112), energy storage means (29) which comprise a honeycomb structure (37) designed to contain an accumulator material and / or phase change material.
12. Dispositif de fixation et de mise sous tension (201) d'une nappe souple (203) pour la mise en œuvre du procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte, pour la fixation et la mise sous tension, en appui sur une première surface d'appui (204) et une seconde surface d'appui (205) situées de part et d'autre d'une surface intermédiaire (202), d'une nappe souple (203) , ledit dispositif (201) comportant au moins une première baguette (210) et au moins une seconde baguette (211) , chacune conçue apte à immobiliser ladite nappe souple (203) à une première bordure d'extrémité (208) , respectivement à une seconde bordure d'extrémité (209) , ledit dispositif (201) comportant, au niveau d'un premier bandeau (212) une première gorge (213) s' étendant selon une première direction (Dl) sensiblement longitudinale, et au niveau d'un second bandeau (214) une seconde gorge (215) s' étendant selon une seconde direction (D2) sensiblement longitudinale, lesdites première gorge (213) et seconde gorge (215) chacune conçue apte à recevoir sur toute sa longueur ladite première baguette (210) ou ladite seconde baguette (211) et étant encore pourvue à une première extrémité d'entrée (220), respectivement à une seconde extrémité d'entrée (221) , de premiers moyens d'introduction (216) , respectivement de seconds moyens d'introduction (217), comportant un premier canal (224) conçu apte à recevoir ladite première baguette (210) , respectivement un second canal (225) conçu apte à recevoir ladite seconde baguette (211) , caractérisé par le fait que lesdits premiers moyens d'introduction (216) ou/et lesdits seconds moyens d'introduction (217) comportent une première rampe (218), respectivement une seconde rampe (219) , conçue apte à servir d'appui à ladite nappe souple (203) équipée desdites première baguette (210) et seconde baguette (211) , ladite première rampe (218) , respectivement seconde rampe (219) , étant de section croissante entre ladite première extrémité d'entrée (220), respectivement seconde extrémité d'entrée (221) , et une zone médiane (222) de ladite première gorge (213) , respectivement une zone médiane (223) de ladite seconde gorge (215) , de façon apte à mettre sous tension ladite nappe souple (203) lors de l'introduction de ladite première baguette (210) dans ledit premier canal (224) et de ladite seconde baguette (211) dans ledit second canal (225) .12. A device for fastening and energizing (201) a flexible sheet (203) for implementing the method according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises, for fixing and energizing, resting on a first bearing surface (204) and a second bearing surface (205) situated on either side of an intermediate surface (202), a flexible sheet (203), said device ( 201) comprising at least a first rod (210) and at least one second rod (211), each designed capable of immobilizing said flexible web (203) at a first end edge (208), respectively at a second edge of end (209), said device (201) comprising, at a first strip (212) a first groove (213) extending in a first direction (D1) substantially longitudinal, and at level of a second strip (214) a second groove (215) extending in a second direction (D2) substantially longitudinal, said first groove (213) and second groove (215) each designed adapted to receive along its entire length first rod (210) or said second rod (211) and being further provided at a first input end (220), respectively at a second input end (221), with first insertion means (216), respectively second insertion means (217), comprising a first channel (224) designed to receive said first rod (210), respectively a second channel (225) adapted to receive said second rod (211), characterized by the fact said first insertion means (216) and / or said second insertion means (217) comprise a first ramp (218), respectively a second ramp (219), designed to serve as support for said flexible sheet ( 203) equipped with said first rod (210) and second rod (211), said first ramp (218), respectively second ramp (219) being of increasing section between said first input end (220), respectively second input end (221) , and a middle zone (222) of said first groove (213), respectively a central zone (223) of said second groove (215), so as to put said flexible sheet (203) into tension during the introduction of said first wand (210) in said first channel (224) and said second wand (211) in said second channel (225).
13. Dispositif (201) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé par le fait que ladite première rampe (218) , respectivement seconde rampe (219), est constituée d'un secteur tronconique d'axe parallèle à ladite première direction (Dl), respectivement seconde direction (D2) .13. Device (201) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said first ramp (218), respectively second ramp (219), consists of a frustoconical sector with an axis parallel to said first direction (Dl), respectively second direction (D2).
14. Dispositif (201) selon l'une des revendications 12 ou 13, caractérisé par le fait que ledit premier canal (224) , respectivement le second canal (225) , est réalisé dans un matériau élastique et a une section au repos inférieure à celle de ladite première baguette (210) , respectivement de ladite seconde baguette (211), de façon à exercer sur cette dernière un effort de serrage. 14. Device (201) according to one of claims 12 or 13, characterized in that said first channel (224), respectively the second channel (225), is made of an elastic material and has a rest section less than that of said first rod (210), respectively of said second rod (211), so as to exert on the latter a clamping force.
15. Dispositif (201) selon l'une des revendications 12 à 14, caractérisé par le fait que ledit premier canal (224) , respectivement le second canal (225) , est ouvert selon une génératrice sur laquelle s'appuie de façon sensiblement radiale une première aile (226) , respectivement une seconde aile (227) , réalisée en matériau élastique et conçue apte à servir d' appui à ladite nappe souple (203) et à exercer sur elle un effort de mise en tension.15. Device (201) according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that said first channel (224), respectively the second channel (225), is open in a generatrix on which relies substantially radially a first wing (226), respectively a second wing (227), made of elastic material and designed to serve to support said flexible sheet (203) and exert on it a tensioning force.
16. Dispositif (201) selon l'une des revendications 12 à 15, caractérisé par le fait que ledit premier canal (224) , respectivement le second canal (225) , comporte une courbure (230) , respectivement (231) , rapprochant sa zone médiane de ladite surface plane (202) située entre ledit premier bandeau (212) et ledit second bandeau (214) , parallèlement à ladite surface intermédiaire (202) .16. Device (201) according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that said first channel (224), respectively the second channel (225), has a curvature (230), respectively (231), approximating its middle region of said planar surface (202) located between said first strip (212) and said second strip (214), parallel to said intermediate surface (202).
17. Dispositif (201) selon la revendication 15, caractérisé par le fait que ladite première aile (226) , respectivement ladite seconde aile (227) , comporte une courbure (230A) , respectivement (231A) , rapprochant sa zone médiane de ladite surface intermédiaire (202) située entre ledit premier bandeau (212) et ledit second bandeau (214) , parallèlement à ladite surface intermédiaire (202) .17. Device (201) according to claim 15, characterized in that said first flange (226), respectively said second flange (227), comprises a curvature (230A), respectively (231A), bringing its central region of said surface intermediate (202) located between said first strip (212) and said second strip (214), parallel to said intermediate surface (202).
18. Dispositif (201) selon la revendication 15, caractérisé par le fait que ladite première aile (226) , respectivement ladite seconde aile (227) , est d'épaisseur plus forte en zone médiane (222) , respectivement (223) , de façon apte à générer un différentiel de tension entre la zone médiane et les zones d'extrémité, c'est-à-dire de butée et d'introduction de chaque baguette .18. Device (201) according to claim 15, characterized in that said first wing (226), respectively said second wing (227), is of greater thickness in the central zone (222), respectively (223), of way able to generate a voltage differential between the central zone and the end zones, that is to say stop and introduction of each rod.
19. Dispositif de fixation et de mise sous tension (201) d'une nappe souple (203) pour la mise en œuvre du procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte, pour la fixation et la mise sous tension, un cadre déformable (85) , comportant deux armatures d'extrémité (86) portant chacune une extrémité de ladite bande souple (203) , chacune de ces armatures d'extrémité 86 coopérant, à chacune de ses extrémités, avec une armature latérale (87) élastiquement déformable qui est conçue apte à coopérer avec une surface d'appui d'un guidage (61) , pour son redressement et 1 ' augmentation de tension de ladite nappe souple .19. Device for fastening and energizing (201) a flexible sheet (203) for implementing the method according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises, for fixing and energizing, a deformable frame (85), comprising two end plates (86) each carrying one end of said flexible strip (203), each of these end plates 86 cooperating, at each of its ends, with a lateral reinforcement (87 ) elastically deformable which is designed able to cooperate with a bearing surface of a guide (61) for its straightening and one increase in tension of said flexible sheet.
20. Dispositif (201) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé par le fait que ledit cadre (85) comporte à une première extrémité, des moyens d'entraînement (88) , qui sont conçus aptes à coopérer avec des moyens d'entraînement complémentaires (89) équipant une seconde extrémité d'un autre cadre (85) de même type, par une coopération articulée permettant de former une chaîne, mobile en compression aussi bien qu'en traction. 20. Device (201) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said frame (85) comprises at a first end, drive means (88), which are designed to cooperate with complementary drive means ( 89) equipping a second end of another frame (85) of the same type, by articulated cooperation for forming a chain, movable in compression as well as in tension.
PCT/FR2009/050549 2008-04-01 2009-03-31 Method and device for trimming for facade or roof of a building WO2009125159A2 (en)

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CA2720454A CA2720454C (en) 2008-04-01 2009-03-31 Method and device for trimming for facade or roof of a building
US12/935,867 US20110036539A1 (en) 2008-04-01 2009-03-31 Method and device for trimming for facade or roof of a building
EP09729472A EP2279381A2 (en) 2008-04-01 2009-03-31 Method and device for trimming for facade or roof of a building

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0852129 2008-04-01
FR0852129A FR2929379A1 (en) 2008-04-01 2008-04-01 Hollow panel for fabricating wall of building, has fluid circulation channel extending between receiver and perforated receiver that is exposed to heat radiation and transform radiation by reflection, transmission and/or absorption
FR0852132A FR2929377A1 (en) 2008-04-01 2008-04-01 Flexible transparent condenser for solar panel in e.g. building roof, has exchanging unit maximizing and minimizing drop shadow of summer sun and winter sun under strong impact, with respect to normal of receiver and condenser, respectively
FR0852132 2008-04-01
FR0852144 2008-04-01
FR0852144A FR2929353B1 (en) 2008-04-01 2008-04-01 DEVICE FOR FASTENING A FLEXIBLE TABLE.

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WO2009125159A3 WO2009125159A3 (en) 2010-08-19

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US20110036539A1 (en) 2011-02-17
EP2279381A2 (en) 2011-02-02
CA2720454C (en) 2014-06-17
WO2009125159A3 (en) 2010-08-19

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