WO2010111613A1 - Helical drilling apparatus, systems, and methods - Google Patents
Helical drilling apparatus, systems, and methods Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010111613A1 WO2010111613A1 PCT/US2010/028862 US2010028862W WO2010111613A1 WO 2010111613 A1 WO2010111613 A1 WO 2010111613A1 US 2010028862 W US2010028862 W US 2010028862W WO 2010111613 A1 WO2010111613 A1 WO 2010111613A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gear
- bit
- housing
- assembly
- rotational rate
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/006—Mechanical motion converting means, e.g. reduction gearings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
Definitions
- the present invention down-the-hole tools and to down-the-hole drilling mechanisms in particular.
- a drill head applies axial forces (feed pressure) and rotational forces to drive a drill bit into a formation. More specifically, a bit is often attached to a drill string, which is a series of connected drill rods that are coupled to the drill head. The drill rods are assembled section by section as the drill head moves and drives the drill string deeper into the desired sub-surface formation.
- rotary drilling involves positioning a rotary cutting bit at the end of the drill string.
- the rotary cutting bit often includes (tungsten carbide or optimally, synthetic diamonds, TSD or PCD cutters) that are distributed across the face of the rotary cutting bit.
- the rotary cutting bit is then rotated and ploughed into the formation under significant feed pressure.
- the velocity of each cutting element depends on the angular rotational rate of the bit and the radial distance of the element from the center of the bit.
- the angular rotational rate will be the same for the entire bit. Accordingly, at any given speed those cutting elements nearer the outer edge will be travelling faster than those near the center of the bit.
- the drill string As the drill string rotates the rotary cutting bit, the drill string can distort due to whirling or helical buckling. Helical buckling can cause the drill string to contact the walls of the hole, thereby generating frictional forces between the drill string and the walls. Accordingly, the rotational rate of the drill string can be controlled to control the frictional forces between the drill string and the walls of the hole.
- the hole walls can be sensitive to lateral pressure from the drill string and therefore speed is often limited to avoid whirling and helical buckling of the drill string which can damage the hole. This can in turn prevent the drill string from moving the cutting elements near the center of rotation at a sufficient speed to provide adequate penetration. Further, the torsional and frictional loads described above can cause helical buckling of the drill string, which in turn can damage the walls of the hole. If the hole becomes lost due to damage to the walls, the hole needs to be redrilled, which can be extremely expensive.
- a down-the-hole assembly includes a housing having a central axis and a mechanical gear box positioned within the housing.
- the mechanical gear box is coupled to the housing such that rotation of the housing at a first rotational rate provides a rotary input to the mechanical gear box.
- a rotary cutting bit is coupled to the mechanical gear box.
- the mechanical gear box is configured to rotate said rotary cutting bit at a second rotational rate in response to that rotary input from the housing. The second rotational rate is greater than the first rotational rate.
- the mechanical gear box is also further configured to cause the rotary cutting bit to orbit about the central axis of the housing.
- Fig. 1 illustrates a drilling system including a helical drilling apparatus according to one example
- Fig. 2A illustrates a cross-sectional schematic view of a helical drilling apparatus taken along section 2A-2A of Fig. 1;
- Fig. 2B illustrates a cross-sectional schematic view of a helical drilling apparatus taken along section 2B-2B of Fig. 2 A
- Fig. 2C illustrates a cross-sectional schematic view of a helical drilling apparatus taken along section 2C-2C of Fig. 2A
- Fig. 2B illustrates a cross-sectional schematic view of a helical drilling apparatus taken along section 2B-2B of Fig. 2 A
- Fig. 2C illustrates a cross-sectional schematic view of a helical drilling apparatus taken along section 2C-2C of Fig. 2A
- Fig. 3 illustrates a perspective view of a helical drilling apparatus according to one example.
- a down-the-hole apparatus is provided herein that is configured to follow a generally helical path.
- the down-the-hole apparatus is coupled to a drill rod or drill string.
- the down-the-hole apparatus includes an integral gearbox, such as an integral mechanical gear box that utilizes the rotation of the drill string as an input to drive a rotary cutting bit.
- the mechanical gear box can include a gear train that increases the rotational rate of the rotary cutting bit relative to the rotational rate of the input provided by the drill string. Further, the mechanical gear box can cause the rotary cutting bit to orbit about a central axis of the down-the-hole apparatus.
- the rotary cutting bit rotates at an increased speed while it travels along a generally helical path.
- Such a configuration and process can increase the cutting speed of the down-the-hole apparatus while drilling a hole larger than the diameter of the rotary cutting bit.
- such a configuration can increase speed of all the cutting elements across the face of the hole end while maintaining drill string rotational speeds within acceptable levels.
- the down-the-hole apparatus can provide significantly higher speeds to all the cutting elements (not just some of the elements) to thereby achieve unlimited penetration rates.
- a down-the-hole apparatus can achieve a minimum element speed of 1.27 times that of the fastest outer diameter element on a conventional rotary boring bit.
- higher gear ratios can be provided to take advantage of available cutting element capacities and rig feed pressures all while maintaining torsional loads and frictional loads below acceptable levels.
- Fig. 1 illustrates a drilling system 100 that includes a drill head assembly 110.
- the drill head assembly 110 can be coupled to a mast 120 that in turn is coupled to a drill rig 130.
- the drill head assembly 110 is configured to have a drill rod 140 coupled thereto.
- the drill rod 140 can in turn couple with additional drill rods to form a drill string 150.
- the drill string 150 can be coupled to a helical drilling apparatus 200 configured to interface with the material to be drilled, such as a formation 170.
- the drill head assembly 110 is configured to rotate the drill string 150.
- the rotational rate of the drill string 150 can be varied as desired during the drilling process.
- the drill head assembly 1 10 can be configured to translate relative to the mast 120 to apply an axial force to the drill head assembly 110.
- the helical drilling apparatus 200 drives a rotary cutting bit at an increased rotational rate relative to rotational rate of the drill string 150 and causes the rotary cutting bit to travel along a generally helical path.
- Such a configuration and process can increase the cutting speed of the down-the-hole apparatus 200 while drilling a hole larger than the diameter of the rotary cutting bit.
- helical drilling apparatus 200 can also be used with other systems, such as wireline system or other type of system.
- Fig. 2A illustrates cross-sectional view of the example helical drilling apparatus
- the helical drilling apparatus 200 can generally include a housing 210 that is coupled to the drill string 150 in such a manner that rotation of the drilling string 150 also rotates the housing 210.
- the housing 210 can be generally hollow to thereby define a lumen therein.
- a ring gear 220 can be coupled to or integrated with an inner surface of a bit end of the housing 210.
- the helical drilling apparatus 200 also includes a rotary cutting bit 230, a bit gear 240, an orbital gear 250, a grounding ring 260, a bit shaft 270, a grounding shaft 280, and a bearing 290.
- the bit gear 240 may be coupled to or integrated with the bit shaft 270 and the rotary cutting bit 230 such that the rotary cutting bit 230, the bit gear 240, and the bit shaft 270 rotate together.
- the example grounding shaft 280 may be coupled to or integrated with orbital gear 250 such that the orbital gear 250 and the grounding shaft 280 rotate together.
- the bearing 290 couples the grounding ring 260 to the housing 210 and/or the ring gear 220 in such a manner as to at least partially isolate the grounding ring 260 from direct rotation of the housing 210.
- the example ring gear 220 is driven by the rotation of the housing 210, which in turn may rotate in response to rotation of the drill string 150.
- teeth on the ring gear 220 mesh with teeth on the bit gear
- Teeth on the bit gear 240 also mesh with teeth on the orbital gear 250 such that the rotation of the bit gear 240 drives the orbital gear 250 and thus the grounding shaft 280 (Fig. 2C).
- teeth on the grounding shaft 280 mesh with teeth on the grounding ring 260.
- the grounding ring 260 in turn may be in contact with a relatively stationary objection, such as the formation 170 (Fig. 2A).
- the bearing 290 may at least partially isolate the grounding ring 260 from direct rotation of the housing 210.
- contact between the formation 170 and the grounding ring 260 may provide a frictional force that acts to inhibit rotation of the grounding ring 260, thereby allowing the housing 210 to rotate while the grounding ring 260 remains relatively stationary or the grounding ring 260 at least rotates at a lower rate than the housing 210.
- rotation of the housing 210 may drive the grounding shaft 280 by way of the orbital gear 250, the bit gear 240, and the ring gear 220 as described above.
- teeth on the grounding shaft As shown in Fig. 2C, and as previously introduced, teeth on the grounding shaft
- grounding shaft 280 mesh with the teeth on the grounding ring 260.
- rotation of the grounding shaft 280 causes the teeth of the grounding shaft 280 to move into successive engagement with the teeth on the grounding ring 260.
- the grounding shaft 280 moves around the perimeter of the relatively stationary grounding ring 260.
- the grounding shaft 280 orbits about axis C-C of the helical drilling apparatus 200.
- the grounding shaft 280 rotates with the orbital gear 250.
- the orbital gear 250 (Figs. 2A-2B) also orbits about the central axis C-C.
- the orbital gear 250 may be coupled to a bearing connection 291 which in turn may be coupled to a support plate portion 292 of the housing 210.
- the bearing connection and support plate portion 292 may cooperate to fix an axis of rotation of the orbital gear 250 to the central axis C-C without engagement between the orbital gear 250 and the ring gear 220.
- the orbital gear 250 may not mesh with the ring gear 220 as desired.
- the orbital gear 250 meshes with the bit gear 240.
- the bit gear 240 also orbits about the central axis C-C.
- the bit gear 240 also rotates in response to the rotation of the housing 210.
- the bit shaft 270 and the rotary cutting bit 230 also rotate.
- the rotary cutting bit 230 drills out the entire face of the hole.
- the outer perimeter of the face is cut by the exterior portions of the rotary cutting bit 230.
- the rotary cutting bit 230 cuts a generally helical path in the formation 170.
- the cutting path of the rotary cutting bit 230 can have any desired width. In at least one example, the rotary cutting bit 230 can be as wide as or wider than approximately half the diameter of the housing.
- Such a configuration allows the rotary cutting bit 230 to drill an entire surface of a hole as the helical drilling apparatus 200 causes the rotary cutting bit 230 to orbit relative to the central axis C-C. Further, the rotary cutting bit 230 can rotate at a higher rotational rate than the rotational rate of the drill string 150 as described above.
- the ring gear 220 includes a larger diameter than the bit gear 240.
- the ring gear 220 may have more teeth than the bit gear 250.
- the larger number of teeth on the ring gear 220 increases the rotational rate of the bit gear 240 relative to the rotational rate of the ring gear 220.
- the rotational rate of the bit gear 240 is substantially equal to the rotational rate of the ring gear 220 multiplied by the ratio of the number of teeth on the ring gear 220 to the number of teeth on the bit gear 240. In some examples, this ratio may be greater than about two, such that the rotational rate of the bit gear 240 can be greater than twice the rotational rate of the ring gear 220.
- one or more sets of pads 295 A, 295B can be used to stabilize a hole.
- the leading set of pads 295A can also contain traditional cutting elements to 'ream' or 'dress' the size and walls of the hole while trailing sets of pads 295B may abrade against the drill hole wall in the formation 170 at the trailing edge, thereby supporting and guiding the helical drilling apparatus 200.
- the rotary cutting bit 230 rotates at a higher speed than the housing 210 and the drill string 150.
- the high speed cutting of the rotary cutting bit 230 can increase the cutting rate of the drilling system at a given rotation of the drill string 150 by increasing the speed of each of the cutting elements relative to the housing 210.
- such a configuration can increase speed of all the cutting elements across the face of the hole end in which the material is extremely hard or difficult to drill.
- the down-the-hole apparatus can provide significantly higher speeds to all the cutting elements (not just some of the elements) to thereby achieve unlimited penetration rates.
- a down-the-hole apparatus can achieve a minimum element speed of 1.27 times that of the fastest outer diameter element on a conventional rotary boring bit.
- higher gear ratios can be provided to take advantage of available cutting element capacities and rig feed pressures all while maintaining torsional loads and frictional loads below acceptable levels.
- Fig. 3 illustrates a top perspective view of another exemplary helical drilling apparatus 300. As illustrated in Fig.
- the example helical drilling apparatus 300 can generally include a housing 310 that is coupled to the drill string 150 (Fig. 1) in such a manner that rotation of the drilling string 150 also rotates the housing 310 as described above.
- the helical drilling apparatus 300 can further include a ring gear 320, a rotary cutting bit 330, a bit gear 340, orbital gears 350A, 350B, stabilizing members 360A, 360B, and an center gear 365.
- the example ring gear 320 may be coupled to or integrated with the housing 310 as desired.
- the bit gear 340 is coupled to the ring gear 320 as well as the center gear 365 such that rotation of the ring gear 320 rotates the bit gear 340.
- the bit gear 340 may also be coupled to or integrated with the rotary cutting bit 330.
- the rotation of the bit gear 340 described above results in similar rotation of the rotary cutting bit 330. This motion may cause the rotary cutting bit 330 to cut a material with which it is in contact.
- the stabilizing members 360A, 360B and the orbital gears 350A, 350B may cooperate with the ring gear 320, the center gear 365, and/or the formation to cause the rotary cutting bit 330 to orbit about a central axis (not shown) of the helical cutting apparatus 300.
- the center gear 365 may be prevented from rotating freely with respect to the ring gear 320. In other examples, the ring gear 320 may be prevented from rotating freely with respect to the center gear 365. Either of these configurations can allow the bit gear 340 to orbit about the ring gear 320. It will also be appreciated that other configurations and interactions can be utilized to cause the bit gear 340 to orbit about the ring gear 320.
- the example helically drilling apparatus 300 as having a center gear 365 which does not rotate freely with respect to the ring gear 320. Further, for ease of reference, the center gear 365 will be described as being stationary relative to the ring gear 320, though it will be appreciated that the center gear 365 may not be completely stationary.
- bit gear 340 rotates in response to the input provided by the ring gear 320, teeth of the bit gear 340 move into successive engagement with the center gear 365. This successive engagement can cause the bit gear 340 to orbit about the ring gear 320. As a result, the bit gear 340 rotates and orbits to cut a generally helical path in a face of a bore hole.
- the larger number of teeth on the ring gear 320 increases the rotational rate of the bit gear 340 relative to the rotational rate of the ring gear 320.
- the rotational rate of the bit gear 340 is substantially equal to the rotational rate of the ring gear 320 multiplied by the ratio of the number of teeth on the ring gear 320 to the number of teeth on the bit gear 340.
- Rotation of the bit gear 340 is transferred to the rotary cutting bit 330.
- the rotary cutting bit 330 can be as wide as or wider than approximately half the diameter of the housing. Such a configuration allows the rotary cutting bit 330 to drill an entire surface of a hole as the helical drilling device 300 causes the rotary cutting bit 330 to orbit relative to the central axis C-C.
- the orbital gears 350A, 350B are also coupled to the ring gear 320 as well as the center gear 365 such that rotation of the ring gear 320 rotates the orbital gears 350A, 350B and orbit about the ring gear 320 in a similar manner as described above with reference to the bit gear 340.
- the orbital gears 350A, 350B can have any desired diameter.
- the orbital gears 350A, 350B may be approximately the same diameter or may have different diameters.
- the orbital gears 350A, 350B may have approximately the same diameter as the bit gear 340.
- the center gear 365 may have a diameter greater than one or more of the bit gear 340 and the orbital gears 350A, 350B.
- the stabilizing members 360A, 360B may be coupled to or integrally formed with the orbital gears 350A, 350B as desired.
- the rotation of the orbital gears 350A, 350B results in similar rotation of the stabilizing members 360A, 360B.
- This rotation can allow the stabilizing members 360A, 360B to dress or ream the hole at the same time the rotary cutting bit 330 cuts at the face of the borehole. Any number of rotary cutting bits 330 may also be used as desired.
- one or more of the stabilizing members 360A, 360B can be used to stabilize a hole, in addition to providing the orbital movement described above. Further, the stabilizing members 360A, 360B can also contain traditional cutting elements to 'ream' or 'dress' the size and walls of the hole. It will also be appreciated that rotary cutting bits may be used in conjunction with the stabilizing members 360A, 360B in conjunction with the traditional cutting elements or instead of the traditional cutting elements as desired.
- the relative sizes and/or configurations have been provided by way of example only. The relative sizes and the configurations are not necessarily to scale and may have been exaggerated for the sake of clarity and reference.
- each of the components can vary, including the dimension of the bit gear, the orbital gear, the bit shaft, the grounding shaft, and the grounding ring. Further, the number of bit gears and associated rotary cutting bits, the number of orbital gears and associated grounding members, as well the number of other components can be selected as desired and/or omitted as desired or appropriate.
- relatives sizes, including gear ratios can vary, including gear ratios of the bit gear to the orbital gear, the orbital gear to the orbital shaft, the bit gear to the bit shaft, the ring gear to the grounding shaft, and other gear ratios. Further, any other dimensions and ratios can be selected as desired to achieve a desired rotational and/or orbital speeds at selected inputs.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2010229785A AU2010229785B2 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | Helical drilling apparatus, systems, and methods |
CA2755628A CA2755628C (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | Helical drilling apparatus, systems, and methods |
CN201080013357.3A CN102362045B (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | Helical drilling apparatus, systems, and methods |
BRPI1009581A BRPI1009581A2 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | "down hole and down hole drilling sets, and drilling method" |
NZ595122A NZ595122A (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | Drilling down-the-hole apparatus with gearing to make cutter orbit at greater speed than drill rotational speed |
EP10756928.7A EP2411621A4 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | Helical drilling apparatus, systems, and methods |
ZA2011/06499A ZA201106499B (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2011-09-06 | Helical drilling apparatus,systems,and methods |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US16376009P | 2009-03-26 | 2009-03-26 | |
US61/163,760 | 2009-03-26 | ||
US12/732,106 US8006783B2 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2010-03-25 | Helical drilling apparatus, systems, and methods |
US12/732,106 | 2010-03-25 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2010111613A1 true WO2010111613A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
Family
ID=42781554
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2010/028862 WO2010111613A1 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | Helical drilling apparatus, systems, and methods |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8006783B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2411621A4 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102362045B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2010229785B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI1009581A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2755628C (en) |
CL (1) | CL2011002361A1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ595122A (en) |
PE (1) | PE20120853A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010111613A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA201106499B (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2673449A2 (en) * | 2011-02-09 | 2013-12-18 | Longyear TM, Inc. | Helical drilling apparatus, systems, and methods |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8006783B2 (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2011-08-30 | Longyear Tm, Inc. | Helical drilling apparatus, systems, and methods |
CN102803642B (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2015-04-15 | 山特维克知识产权公司 | Method and system for integrating sensors on an autonomous mining drilling rig |
CN103104191B (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2015-02-04 | 徐州工程学院 | Super-large-aperture pile foundation hole drilling machine |
CN103104190A (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2013-05-15 | 中国矿业大学 | Super-large-aperture pile foundation hole drilling machine |
PE20212018A1 (en) | 2019-03-01 | 2021-10-18 | Bly Ip Inc | HIGH SPEED DRILLING SYSTEM AND METHODS TO USE IT |
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2010
- 2010-03-25 US US12/732,106 patent/US8006783B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-03-26 AU AU2010229785A patent/AU2010229785B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-03-26 PE PE2011001690A patent/PE20120853A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-03-26 BR BRPI1009581A patent/BRPI1009581A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-03-26 NZ NZ595122A patent/NZ595122A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-03-26 EP EP10756928.7A patent/EP2411621A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-03-26 CN CN201080013357.3A patent/CN102362045B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-03-26 WO PCT/US2010/028862 patent/WO2010111613A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-03-26 CA CA2755628A patent/CA2755628C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-09-06 ZA ZA2011/06499A patent/ZA201106499B/en unknown
- 2011-09-23 CL CL2011002361A patent/CL2011002361A1/en unknown
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US3966257A (en) * | 1974-08-26 | 1976-06-29 | Lee-Norse, Company | Driving arrangement for rotary mining heads of mining machines |
US4627501A (en) * | 1984-02-25 | 1986-12-09 | Turmag-Turbo-Maschinen-Aktiengesellschaft Nuesse & Graefer | Borer head with planetary gearing |
JP2002013598A (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2002-01-18 | Okamura Corp | Reduction gear in excavator and the like |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2673449A2 (en) * | 2011-02-09 | 2013-12-18 | Longyear TM, Inc. | Helical drilling apparatus, systems, and methods |
EP2673449A4 (en) * | 2011-02-09 | 2014-10-22 | Longyear Tm Inc | Helical drilling apparatus, systems, and methods |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CL2011002361A1 (en) | 2012-03-23 |
CA2755628A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
EP2411621A4 (en) | 2017-01-11 |
BRPI1009581A2 (en) | 2016-03-08 |
CA2755628C (en) | 2013-04-02 |
CN102362045A (en) | 2012-02-22 |
NZ595122A (en) | 2013-05-31 |
EP2411621A1 (en) | 2012-02-01 |
PE20120853A1 (en) | 2012-07-23 |
ZA201106499B (en) | 2012-11-28 |
CN102362045B (en) | 2015-02-18 |
US8006783B2 (en) | 2011-08-30 |
AU2010229785A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
AU2010229785B2 (en) | 2012-09-06 |
US20100243331A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
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