WO2012011552A1 - プロトン伝導体及びプロトン伝導体の製造方法 - Google Patents
プロトン伝導体及びプロトン伝導体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012011552A1 WO2012011552A1 PCT/JP2011/066666 JP2011066666W WO2012011552A1 WO 2012011552 A1 WO2012011552 A1 WO 2012011552A1 JP 2011066666 W JP2011066666 W JP 2011066666W WO 2012011552 A1 WO2012011552 A1 WO 2012011552A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- proton conductor
- azole compound
- complex
- inorganic solid
- proton
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- -1 oxo acid compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-pyrrole Natural products C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000008043 acidic salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 80
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000011973 solid acid Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000004715 keto acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 13
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- MEAHOQPOZNHISZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cesium;hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound [Cs+].OS([O-])(=O)=O MEAHOQPOZNHISZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 67
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 67
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 58
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 26
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 24
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 22
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 20
- QPTUMKXXAAHOOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M cesium;hydron;phosphate Chemical compound [Cs+].OP(O)([O-])=O QPTUMKXXAAHOOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 13
- NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4H-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C=1N=CNN=1 NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 11
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 7
- KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-tetrazole Chemical compound C=1N=NNN=1 KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001225 nuclear magnetic resonance method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-1,2,3-Triazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNN=1 QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000005079 FT-Raman Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- NRKQXZGJMZVZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-M cesium;hydrogen sulfate;2h-triazole Chemical compound [Cs+].C=1C=NNN=1.OS([O-])(=O)=O NRKQXZGJMZVZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011964 heteropoly acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003701 mechanical milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000371 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- SNTWKPAKVQFCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydro-1h-triazole Chemical compound N1NC=CN1 SNTWKPAKVQFCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTBITFQZHNAHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-pyrrole Chemical compound C1C=CC=N1.C1C=CC=N1 JTBITFQZHNAHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLSJWNVTNUYHDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Amitrole Chemical group NC1=NC=NN1 KLSJWNVTNUYHDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002083 C09CA01 - Losartan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002053 C09CA06 - Candesartan Substances 0.000 description 1
- UDMBCSSLTHHNCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Coenzym Q(11) Natural products C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1C1OC(COP(O)(O)=O)C(O)C1O UDMBCSSLTHHNCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001168730 Simo Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UDMBCSSLTHHNCD-KQYNXXCUSA-N adenosine 5'-monophosphate Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O UDMBCSSLTHHNCD-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006790 adenosine phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- WURBFLDFSFBTLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzil Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WURBFLDFSFBTLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGZAIDDFHDDFJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N candesartan Chemical compound CCOC1=NC2=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C2N1CC(C=C1)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NN=N[N]1 SGZAIDDFHDDFJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000932 candesartan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- APVKASPLNCRSHS-UHFFFAOYSA-M cesium;1h-benzimidazole;dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Cs+].OP(O)([O-])=O.C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 APVKASPLNCRSHS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YVTAUZLTAMIYJS-UHFFFAOYSA-M cesium;1h-benzimidazole;hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound [Cs+].OS([O-])(=O)=O.C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 YVTAUZLTAMIYJS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XQDBYPHHMOVRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-M cesium;dihydrogen phosphate;2h-triazole Chemical compound [Cs+].C=1C=NNN=1.OP(O)([O-])=O XQDBYPHHMOVRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SBRSZEIHXDIRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M cesium;hydrogen sulfate;2h-tetrazole Chemical compound [Cs+].C=1N=NNN=1.OS([O-])(=O)=O SBRSZEIHXDIRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M dihydrogenphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- KJJZZJSZUJXYEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N losartan Chemical compound CCCCC1=NC(Cl)=C(CO)N1CC1=CC=C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C=2[N]N=NN=2)C=C1 KJJZZJSZUJXYEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004773 losartan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxomolybdenum Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxotungsten Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- CGFYHILWFSGVJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid;trioxotungsten Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 CGFYHILWFSGVJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSQBSJGVGHPYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazanium;hydrogen sulfate;sulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].OS([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LSQBSJGVGHPYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
- H01M2300/0071—Oxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
- H01M2300/0091—Composites in the form of mixtures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a proton conductor used in a fuel cell that operates under conditions of medium temperature and no humidification, and a method for manufacturing the proton conductor.
- a fuel cell is widely known as a clean power generation system, and as one type thereof, a fuel cell that uses a polymer solid electrolyte of a fluorine-based polymer and operates at a temperature of about 80 ° C. under humidified conditions has been proposed. Furthermore, in recent years, it is expected to realize a medium temperature non-humidified fuel cell (Medium Temperature Dry Fuel Cell, MTDFC) that operates under a non-humidified condition in a medium temperature range of 100 ° C to 250 ° C.
- MTDFC Medium Temperature Dry Fuel Cell
- MTDFC is 1. compared to the above-mentioned fuel cell using a solid polymer electrolyte of fluoropolymer. Since moisture for proton conduction is unnecessary, a humidifier can be omitted, and the apparatus can be downsized. 2. CO resistance can be improved by operating at 100 ° C or higher, in other words, catalyst poisoning can be greatly reduced, so that the amount of Pt used can be reduced and the reformed gas system can be simplified. Can do. 3. By increasing the operating temperature, the cooling system can be simplified and the total energy utilization efficiency can be improved by using exhaust heat.
- Patent Document 1 As an electrolyte membrane used in such MTDFC, an electrolyte membrane having polybenzidiimidazole (PBI) as a basic skeleton has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the electrolyte membrane described in Patent Document 1 contains PBI, inorganic acid, and adenylic acid, and exhibits high proton conductivity by doping phosphoric acid.
- an ionic liquid has been proposed instead of water as a proton conductor used for the electrolyte of MTDFC.
- An ionic liquid is a normal temperature liquid substance produced by adding an acidic substance to a basic solid having proton conductivity such as imidazole.
- an ionic liquid has better thermal stability than a basic solid alone, and its ionic conductivity is significantly better than that of a basic solid alone.
- imidazole has proton conductivity of 10 ⁇ 3 Scm ⁇ 1 at 90 ° C.
- Non-Patent Document 1 has a problem that there is a concern of liquid leakage because the electrolyte is liquid. In addition, there is a problem in that the transport number of protons is greatly reduced due to the presence of counter ions not involved in proton transfer. Furthermore, since it is a liquid, it is difficult to increase the battery energy density by thinning the electrolyte.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a proton conductor having good proton conductivity under conditions of moderate temperature and no humidification, and a method for producing the proton conductor.
- the proton conductor according to the first aspect of the present invention is obtained by mechanically mixing an inorganic solid acid salt containing an acidic salt of an oxo acid and an azole compound, the inorganic solid acid salt and the azole compound. It is characterized by having a composite.
- a composite here means what integrated the inorganic solid acid salt and the azole compound by the coupling
- the proton conductor including the composite obtained by mechanically mixing the inorganic solid acid salt containing the acid salt of oxo acid and the azole compound is good under conditions of moderate temperature and no humidification. There is an effect of having a good proton conductivity. For this reason, there exists an effect that the proton conductor provided with the composite_body
- the proton conductor does not need to be doped with a large amount of phosphoric acid in order to ensure the necessary proton conductivity. Therefore, it is possible to avoid a large amount of phosphoric acid leaching associated with long-time operation of the fuel cell, and to suppress corrosion of peripheral members.
- the proton conductor can be handled as a solid electrolyte, there is no occurrence of liquid leakage as in the case of using an ionic liquid. Therefore, there is an effect that it is possible to reduce the occurrence of contamination caused by electrolyte leakage during use in a fuel cell.
- the acidic salt may be a salt in which an alkali metal or ammonium ion is ionically bonded to the acidic group of the oxo acid.
- the proton of the azole compound is replaced by an alkali metal or ammonium ion by the energy imparted by the mechanical mixing process.
- a hydrogen bond network is formed between the oxoacid anion and the azole compound.
- alkali metal and ammonium ions are monovalent cations, substitution with protons can be performed satisfactorily. Therefore, the action of alkali metal or ammonium ion and the three-dimensional hydrogen bond network formed between the oxoacid anion and the azole compound can improve the proton conductivity in the complex, in other words, the proton transportability. effective.
- the molar ratio of the inorganic solid acid salt to the azole compound may be 1 or more.
- the proton conductor is effective in improving proton conductivity at a low temperature that is lower than the intermediate temperature region. Therefore, if the proton conductor is applied as an electrolyte of a fuel cell, power generation can be performed from an early stage after the start of operation. In other words, there is an effect that the standby time from the start of operation to the actual operation can be shortened and rapid operation can be performed.
- the proton conductor according to the second aspect of the present invention is characterized by having a complex containing an inorganic solid acid salt containing an acid salt of oxo acid and an azole compound.
- the proton conductor does not need to be doped with a large amount of phosphoric acid in order to ensure the necessary proton conductivity. Therefore, it is possible to avoid a large amount of phosphoric acid leaching associated with long-time operation of the fuel cell, and to suppress corrosion of peripheral members.
- the proton conductor can be handled as a solid electrolyte, there is no occurrence of liquid leakage as in the case of using an ionic liquid. Therefore, there is an effect that it is possible to reduce the occurrence of contamination caused by electrolyte leakage during use in a fuel cell.
- the proton conductor has an effect of improving proton conductivity at a low temperature that is lower than the intermediate temperature range. Therefore, if the proton conductor is applied as an electrolyte of a fuel cell, power generation can be performed from an early stage after the start of operation. In other words, there is an effect that the standby time from the start of operation to the actual operation can be shortened and rapid operation can be performed.
- the molar ratio of the inorganic solid acid salt to the azole compound may be 1 or more.
- the structure of the complex can be made a structure suitable for the expression of proton conductivity, and there is an effect that good proton conductivity can be expressed even under conditions of moderate temperature and no humidification. For this reason, the proton conductor can be applied to an electrolyte of a fuel cell that is operated without intermediate temperature and no humidification.
- the acidic salt may be a salt in which an alkali metal or ammonium ion is ionically bonded to the acidic group of the oxo acid.
- the azole compound may contain two or more nitrogen atoms in the hetero five-membered ring.
- the azole compound can increase the number of nitrogen atoms that have an effect on proton transport and can improve proton conductivity.
- the azole compound may be a triazole.
- the proton conductivity can be expected to improve.
- the azole compound is not a general-purpose compound, the production cost increases.
- nitrogen compounds have explosive properties depending on the type, handling is necessary. For this reason, the malfunction that the usability at the time of manufacture falls is produced.
- triazole is distributed as a general-purpose compound and is a nitrogen compound with low explosion risk. For this reason, a composite can be manufactured at low cost, and raw material management and process management can be facilitated.
- an inorganic solid acid salt containing an acid salt of an oxo acid and an azole compound are mechanically mixed, and the inorganic solid acid salt and the azole compound are mixed. It is characterized by comprising a mixing step for producing a composite including the same.
- the composite obtained by the mixing step has a new structure different from both the inorganic solid acid salt and the azole compound. For this reason, it is possible to have higher proton conductivity under conditions of medium temperature and no humidification than both of the inorganic solid acid salt and the azole compound. Therefore, by using the obtained composite, it is possible to produce a proton conductor that realizes good proton conductivity even under conditions of moderate temperature and no humidification.
- the target composite can be generated by a simple and easy method of mechanical mixing treatment, the target composite can be generated with a smaller number of steps compared to the manufacturing method of inorganic organic composites such as the sol-gel method. can do. For this reason, there is an effect that manufacturing cost can be suppressed and good production efficiency can be realized.
- the acidic salt may be a salt in which an alkali metal or ammonium ion is ionically bonded to the acidic group of the oxo acid.
- the inorganic solid acid salt and the azole compound mixed so that a molar ratio of the inorganic solid acid salt to the azole compound is 1 or more may be mixed.
- the resulting composite can have a structure more suitable for the expression of proton conductivity. Therefore, the obtained proton conductor has an effect of improving the proton conductivity at a low temperature which is lower than the intermediate temperature range. Therefore, if the proton conductor is applied as an electrolyte of a fuel cell, power generation can be performed from an early stage after the start of operation. In other words, there is an effect that the standby time from the start of operation to the actual operation can be shortened and rapid operation can be performed.
- the azole compound may contain two or more nitrogen atoms in the heterocyclic 5-membered ring.
- the azole compound may be triazole.
- the mixing step may be performed by performing a mixing process by milling with a planetary ball mill.
- FIG. It is the figure which showed the ionic conductivity of the composite produced in Example 2, and the sample prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 2. It is the figure which showed the ion conductivity of the composite produced in Example 3, and the sample prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 3. It is the figure which showed the thermogravimetric change of the composite produced in Example 3, and the sample prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 3. It is the figure which showed the ionic conductivity of the composite produced in Example 4, and the sample prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 4. It is the figure which showed the thermogravimetric change of the composite produced in Example 4, and the sample prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 4.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the ionic conductivity of the composite prepared in Example 6 and the samples prepared in Comparative Examples 2 and 6.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the ionic conductivity of the composite prepared in Example 7 and the samples prepared in Comparative Examples 4 and 6. It is the figure which showed the ionic conductivity of the mixture a produced in the comparative examples 7 and 8, and the mixture b.
- the proton conductor of the present invention is mainly formed of a composite of an inorganic solid acid salt and an azole compound.
- the inorganic solid acid salt is an oxo acid compound or metal oxide hydrate having proton conductivity.
- an oxo acid compound is used as a raw material for forming a complex.
- the oxo acid compound used in the present invention is an acid salt that leaves a hydrogen atom, not a normal salt, and has a structure of MH n AO 4 .
- M is a monovalent alkali metal or NH 4 ion.
- the oxo acid compound is an acidic salt in which an alkali metal or NH 4 ion is ion-bonded to an acidic group.
- the oxo acid anion in the oxo oxide does not necessarily indicate that it is in a state dissociated from M, but also includes indicating an atomic group in the compound.
- the alkali metal preferably, those ionic radius larger is used. As a large alkali metal ion radius, K, Cs, Rb, and the like.
- A is not particularly limited as long as it is an element that forms four oxygens and an oxoacid anion (H n AO 4 ⁇ ).
- H n AO 4 ⁇ an element to form an oxo acid anions
- S, Se, As, P, and the like As an element to form an oxo acid anions, S, Se, As, P, and the like.
- n represents the number of hydrogen atoms.
- the inorganic solid acid salt examples include cesium hydrogen sulfate (CsHSO 4 ), cesium dihydrogen phosphate (CsH 2 PO 4 ), triammonium hydrogen sulfate ((NH 4 ) 3 H (SO 4 ) 2 ), dihydrogen phosphate Examples include, but are not limited to, cesium hydrogen sulfate (Cs 2 (HSO 4 ) (H 2 PO 4 )) and cesium dihydrogen phosphate (CsH 5 (PO 4 ) 2 ). As described above, the inorganic solid acid salt may be an acidic salt of oxo acid itself, or may be a compound partially containing an acidic salt of oxo acid.
- An azole compound is a heterocyclic compound containing one or more nitrogen atoms in a 5-membered ring. In the order in which the number of nitrogen atoms contained in the heterocyclic ring is 1, 2, 3, and 4, azole, diazole, triazole, and tetrazole are formed. In addition, the azole compound in this invention contains said azole, diazole, triazole, tetrazole, and these derivatives.
- the azole compound has a hydrogen atom bonded to a nitrogen atom of a heterocyclic ring, and includes 1H-azole (pyrrole), 2H-azole (2H-pyrrole), 1,3-diazole (imidazole, The following formula (1)), 1,2-diazole (pyrazole, see formula (2) below), 1H-1,2,3 triazole, 1H-1,2,4 triazole (see formula (3) below), Examples thereof include 1H-tetrazole (see the following formula (4)) and derivatives thereof.
- Derivatives are those in which hydrogen atoms other than hydrogen atoms bonded to nitrogen atoms are substituted.
- the imidazole represented by the following formula (1) hydrogen atoms at positions 2, 4, and 5 are substituted with other atoms and atomic groups (groups).
- the pyrazole represented by the following formula (2) hydrogen atoms at positions 3, 4, and 5 are substituted with other atoms and atomic groups (groups).
- the 1H-1,2,4 triazole represented by the following formula (3) the hydrogen atoms at positions 3 and 5 are substituted with other atoms or atomic groups (groups).
- 1H-1,2,3 triazole the hydrogen atoms at positions 4 and 5 are substituted with other atoms or atomic groups (groups).
- the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted with another atom or atomic group (group).
- the hydrogen atom to be substituted may be singular or plural.
- substituents include, but are not limited to, alkyl groups, ester groups, amino groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, acyl groups, phenyl groups, halogens and the like.
- a ring structure may be bonded, such as benzimidazole represented by the following formula (5).
- a dimer structure such as 5,5′bistetrazole may be used.
- the derivative may be an analog containing an azole structure in the structure.
- Examples of the analog include losartan and candesartan having a tetrazole ring.
- azole compounds those that are solid at room temperature are preferably used. Further, those having two or more nitrogen atoms in a hetero 5-membered ring are preferably used.
- the azole compound include imidazole, 1H-1,2,3 triazole, 1H-1,2,4 triazole, 1H-tetrazole, and benzimidazole.
- the proton conductor of the present invention is formed by combining the above-described inorganic solid acid salt and an azole compound.
- one inorganic solid acid salt and one azole compound may be combined to form a plurality of inorganic solids.
- An acid salt and a plurality of azole compounds may be combined.
- the obtained composite may be used alone to form a proton conductor, or a plurality of types of the obtained composite may be mixed to form a proton conductor.
- the proton conductor is a new structure in which an inorganic solid acid salt and an azole compound are complexed and different from the inorganic solid acid salt and the azole compound.
- the proton conductor has good proton conductivity in the middle temperature range.
- proton conductivity at a low temperature of 100 ° C. or lower is improved as compared with the case of the inorganic solid acid salt and the azole compound alone.
- the inorganic solid acid salt having deliquescence include cesium hydrogen sulfate.
- the counter ion include an inorganic solid acid anion and an azole anion.
- the molar ratio between the inorganic solid acid salt and the azole compound can be arbitrarily selected.
- the molar ratio between the inorganic solid acid salt and the azole compound is the molar ratio (X: Y) of the two substances.
- the molar ratio between the inorganic solid acid salt and the azole compound is indicated by a value at which the sum of both is 100. Therefore, the molar ratio of the two substances will be shown.
- the other molar ratio is uniquely determined. For example, if the molar ratio of one substance is 20, the molar ratio of the other substance is 80. Become.
- the inorganic solid acid salt: azole compound molar ratio is preferably in the range of 50:50 to 90:10. More preferably, the inorganic solid acid salt molar ratio is less than 90.
- the inorganic solid acid salt is cesium hydrogen sulfate, it is preferably within the range of 70:30 to 90:10, and in particular, the molar ratio of the inorganic solid acid salt: azole compound is 80:20. More preferably, the molar ratio of the inorganic solid acid salt to the azole compound being 1 or more corresponds to the molar ratio of the inorganic solid acid salt being 50 or more in the present embodiment and examples.
- the proton conductivity tends to be improved at a low temperature of 100 ° C. or lower.
- the molar ratio of the inorganic solid acid salt to the azole compound is 90:10, the proton conductivity tends to be lower than when the molar ratio of the inorganic solid acid salt is within a predetermined range below that. . Therefore, when the molar ratio of the inorganic solid acid salt to the azole compound is regulated to 50:50 to 90:10, a complex that can be a good proton conductor can be easily formed.
- the proton conductor of the present invention may be generated by a mechanical mixing process described later.
- the composite of the obtained inorganic solid acid salt and the azole compound is formed into a composite by a so-called mechanical alloy technique, or in another expression, a mechanical milling technique.
- a mechanical alloy technique or in another expression, a mechanical milling technique.
- complex of inorganic solid acid salt and an azole compound is obtained by the said molar ratio
- techniques such as ultrasonic irradiation, shock wave irradiation, or accelerated mass particle irradiation are applied.
- Milling is preferable for performing synthesis with relatively inexpensive equipment.
- a planetary ball mill, a vibration ball mill, a rotating ball mill, an atomizer, or the like can be used, and a planetary ball mill is preferably used.
- the proton conductor of the present invention may further comprise subcomponents as long as the characteristics of the composite are not significantly impaired.
- the subcomponent includes not only impurities of the inorganic solid acid salt, which is a raw material to be inevitably mixed, and impurities of the azole compound, but also additives that are optionally added.
- the additive is preferably a solid substance that improves proton conductivity under conditions of medium temperature and no humidification, or one that improves film formation characteristics when a proton conductor is formed.
- examples of the additive include inorganic solid acid salts other than the acid salt of oxo acid, phosphoric acid, perfluorosulfonic acid polymer, PBI and the like.
- Examples of substances contained in the inorganic solid acid salt other than the acid salt of oxo acid include heteropoly acids.
- the heteropolyacid include phosphotungstic acid (H 3 [PW 12 O 40 ] ⁇ nH 2 O), silicotungstic acid (H 4 [SiW 12 O 40 ] ⁇ nH 2 O), phosphomolybdic acid ( H 3 [PMo 12 O 40] ⁇ nH 2 O), etc.
- silicomolybdic acid H 4 [SiMo 12 O 40 ] ⁇ nH 2 O is mentioned as a suitable heteropoly acids.
- the proton conductor of the present invention is in a solid powder state, it can be formed into a pellet by press molding to form a solid electrolyte.
- the proton conductor may be dispersed in a matrix resin to form a film and formed into a solid electrolyte.
- the matrix resin for example, PBI or sulfonated polyetheretherketone, which has been confirmed to have strength and thermal stability under conditions of medium temperature and no humidification, may be used.
- the weight ratio of the proton conductor to the matrix resin increases, there is an advantage that the electrochemical performance is improved.
- mechanical properties such as flexibility are deteriorated. For this reason, the compounding ratio of the matrix resin and the proton conductor is appropriately determined in consideration of the balance between electrical performance and mechanical characteristics.
- the proton conductor of the present invention good proton conductivity can be realized under the condition of medium temperature and no humidification by the complex in which the acidic salt of the oxo acid compound and the azole compound are combined.
- the proton conductor can exhibit ionic conductivity that can be favorably generated from a low temperature of 100 ° C. or lower. That is, it is possible to realize a proton conductor that has good proton conductivity under conditions of medium temperature and no humidification and can be operated from a low temperature.
- counter ions moving in the proton conductor can be reduced, the proton transport number can be improved, and higher power generation efficiency can be realized as compared with conventionally proposed ionic liquid electrolytes.
- a method for producing the proton conductor of the present invention will be described.
- a composite is produced by mechanically mixing an inorganic solid acid salt and an azole compound. Any mechanical mixing treatment may be used as long as the raw material can apply a stress necessary for forming a so-called mechanical alloy.
- the mixing process include a mixing process using a roll mill, a rod mill, a vibration mill, a jet mill, a planetary ball mill, a rotating ball mill, a vibration ball mill, a stirring ball mill, an atomizer, a kneader, and the like.
- the inorganic solid acid salt and the azole compound are finely mixed by mechanical energy due to the impact of the mixing process. Then, the proton of the azole compound and the monovalent cation of the inorganic solid acid salt are quantitatively replaced, and a new bond is formed between the azole compound and the inorganic solid acid salt, and both are combined.
- the bond it is possible to realize high proton conductivity and durability that cannot be achieved by the mixture or the starting material alone.
- a ball mill is preferably used, and more preferably, a planetary ball mill that can apply a larger stress to the raw material than the conventional ball mill is used.
- a ball mill is preferably used, and more preferably, a planetary ball mill that can apply a larger stress to the raw material than the conventional ball mill is used.
- the raw inorganic solid acid salt and the azole compound are mixed at an arbitrary molar ratio.
- the inorganic solid acid salt: azole compound molar ratio is preferably in the range of 50:50 to 90:10, and more preferably in the range of 70:30 to 90:10. In particular, it is more preferable to blend at 80:20.
- the mixing time is appropriately selected according to the mixing method.
- a planetary ball mill it is preferably 10 minutes or more, preferably 10 minutes or more and 240 minutes or less, more preferably 30 minutes or more and 240 minutes or less, particularly 60 minutes. It is desirable.
- complex obtained by mixing process conditions changes. Since the structure of the complex affects the proton conductivity, it is difficult to produce a good proton conductor by simply mixing the material.
- in the milling process by setting the mixing time to the above time condition, it is possible to accurately manufacture a proton conductor having good proton conductivity.
- a purification step for purifying the raw material may be provided before the above-described mixing treatment.
- the additive when the additive is mixed, the additive may be mixed together with the inorganic solid acid salt and the azole compound, and the additive may be added before or after the mixing process of the inorganic solid acid salt and the azole compound. You may mix and provide the process to mix.
- a proton conductor having good proton conductivity can be produced under a medium temperature non-humidified condition by a simple method of mechanical mixing treatment.
- the proton conductor of the present invention when used as a solid electrolyte, it can be molded using a known production method.
- the proton conductor of the present invention may be formed into a solid electrolyte by compression molding using a press.
- the proton conductor of the present invention may be dispersed in a matrix resin and formed into a solid electrolyte membrane.
- matrix resins include PBI, sulfonated polyetheretherketone, sulfonated polysulfone (SPU or SPSU), and sulfonated polyimide (SPI), which have been confirmed to have strength and thermal stability under conditions of medium temperature and no humidification. May be used.
- a resin and a proton conductor are dissolved and dispersed in a casting solvent.
- the compounding ratio of the resin and the proton conductor is appropriately determined in consideration of the balance between electrical performance and mechanical properties.
- a stabilizer may be added to the resin material and the proton conductor.
- the obtained solution is cast on a glass substrate.
- a membrane made of a resin material-proton conductor is obtained.
- the obtained film is referred to as a composite film.
- the composite film is immersed in phosphoric acid and heated.
- phosphoric acid is doped into the composite film to form an electrolyte film.
- the doping amount of phosphoric acid is adjusted by changing the immersion time of the composite film in phosphoric acid.
- doped phosphoric acid contributes to proton conduction. Since the fuel cell using the electrolyte membrane does not require humidification, it can be used as a fuel cell that operates under a medium temperature non-humidified condition.
- the proton conductor of the present invention contributes to proton conduction together with phosphoric acid. Accordingly, even when the doping amount of phosphoric acid is small, the electrolyte membrane exhibits high proton conductivity. Furthermore, since the electrolyte membrane can suppress the amount of phosphoric acid added, corrosion due to phosphoric acid can be reduced.
- phosphoric acid is most preferable as a substance to be doped, but an electron accepting substance capable of acting on both acidic and basic sides such as sulfuric acid may be doped.
- the triazoles used in the following examples and comparative examples are all 1H-1,2,4-triazole. Therefore, the triazole in Examples and Comparative Examples is 1H-1,2,4-triazole. Evaluation methods used in Examples and Comparative Examples are as follows.
- thermogravimetric change from room temperature to 500 ° C. was measured in an air atmosphere at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min. Moreover, the thermogravimetric change at the time of hold
- Example 1 Cesium hydrogen sulfate (manufactured by Soekawa Riken) and triazole (1H-1,2,4-triazole, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) in molar ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60 : 40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 20:80, and 10:90.
- planetary milling device planetary ball mill (Fritsch Pulverisette 7), manufactured by Fritsch Japan Co., Ltd.), milled at a rotational speed of 720 RPM for 60 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere, and mixed. . Thereafter, the contents taken out from the planetary milling apparatus were dried in a vacuum oven at 100 ° C.
- xCHS (100-x) Tz complex a cesium hydrogen sulfate-triazole complex corresponding to each compounding ratio as a white solid.
- the complex thus obtained is hereinafter referred to as “xCHS (100-x) Tz complex”. Note that x is a molar ratio of cesium hydrogen sulfate.
- Example 2 Cesium hydrogen sulfate (manufactured by Soekawa Riken Co., Ltd.) and triazole (1H-1,2,4-triazole, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) were blended so as to have a molar ratio of 80:20. Each of them was put into a planetary milling device (planetary ball mill (Fritsch Pulverisette 7), manufactured by Fritsch Japan Co., Ltd.) and subjected to milling under a nitrogen atmosphere at a rotation speed of 720 RPM. The mixing time is 10 min, 30 min, 60 min, 120 min, it was between 240 minutes. Thereafter, the contents were taken out from the planetary milling apparatus and dried in a vacuum oven at 100 ° C. for 10 hours to obtain a cesium hydrogen sulfate-triazole complex corresponding to each mixing time as a white solid.
- planetary milling device planetary ball mill (Fritsch Pulverisette 7), manufactured by Fritsch Japan Co., Ltd.)
- Example 3 Cesium hydrogen sulfate (manufactured by Soekawa Riken Co., Ltd.) and imidazole (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) in molar ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70 20:80, 10:90. Each was put into a planetary milling device (planetary ball mill (Fritsch Pulverisette 7), manufactured by Fritsch Japan Co., Ltd.), milled at a rotational speed of 720 RPM for 60 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere, and mixed. . Thereafter, the contents were taken out from the planetary milling device and dried in a vacuum oven at 100 ° C.
- planetary milling device planetary ball mill (Fritsch Pulverisette 7), manufactured by Fritsch Japan Co., Ltd.
- xCHS (100-x) Iz complex a cesium hydrogen sulfate-imidazole complex corresponding to each compounding ratio as a white solid.
- the complex thus obtained is hereinafter referred to as “xCHS (100-x) Iz complex”. Note that x is a molar ratio of cesium hydrogen sulfate.
- Example 4 Cesium hydrogensulfate (manufactured by Soekawa Riken Co., Ltd.) and benzimidazole (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) in molar ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40: 60,30: 70, 20: 80, 10: was blended so that 90.
- a planetary milling device planetary ball mill (Fritsch Pulverisette 7), manufactured by Fritsch Japan Co., Ltd.), milled at a rotational speed of 720 RPM for 60 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere, and mixed. .
- xCHS (100-x) Bz complex a cesium hydrogen sulfate-benzimidazole complex corresponding to each compounding ratio as a white solid.
- the complex thus obtained is hereinafter referred to as “xCHS (100-x) Bz complex”. Note that x is a molar ratio of cesium hydrogen sulfate.
- Example 5 Cesium hydrogensulfate (manufactured by Soekawa Rikagaku Co., Ltd.) and tetrazole (1H-tetrazole, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) are in a molar ratio of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40. Blended. Each was put into a planetary milling device (planetary ball mill (Fritsch Pulverisette 7), manufactured by Fritsch Japan Co., Ltd.), milled at a rotational speed of 720 RPM for 60 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere, and mixed. . Thereafter, the contents were taken out from the planetary milling device and dried in a vacuum oven at 100 ° C.
- planetary milling device planetary ball mill (Fritsch Pulverisette 7), manufactured by Fritsch Japan Co., Ltd.
- xCHS (100-x) Tez complex a cesium hydrogen sulfate-tetrazole complex corresponding to each compounding ratio as a white solid.
- the complex thus obtained is hereinafter referred to as “xCHS (100-x) Tez complex”. Note that x is a molar ratio of cesium hydrogen sulfate.
- Example 6 Cesium dihydrogen phosphate (manufactured by Mitsuwa Chemical Co., Ltd.) and triazole (1H-1,2,4-triazole, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) in molar ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70: It mix
- a planetary milling device planetary ball mill (Fritsch Pulverisette 7), manufactured by Fritsch Japan Co., Ltd.), milled at a rotational speed of 720 RPM for 60 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere, and mixed. . Thereafter, the contents were taken out from the planetary milling apparatus and dried in a vacuum oven at 100 ° C.
- xCDP (100-x) Tz complex a cesium dihydrogen phosphate-triazole complex corresponding to each compounding ratio as a white solid.
- the complex thus obtained is hereinafter referred to as “xCDP (100-x) Tz complex”. Note that x is a molar ratio of cesium dihydrogen phosphate.
- Example 7 Cesium dihydrogen phosphate (manufactured by Mitsuwa Chemical Co., Ltd.) and benzimidazole (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) in molar ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50 It mix
- a planetary milling device planetary ball mill (Fritsch Pulverisette 7), manufactured by Fritsch Japan Co., Ltd.), milled at a rotational speed of 720 RPM for 60 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere, and mixed. . Thereafter, the contents were taken out from the planetary milling apparatus and dried in a vacuum oven at 100 ° C.
- xCDP (100-x) Bz complex a cesium dihydrogen phosphate-benzimidazole complex corresponding to each compounding ratio as a white solid.
- the complex thus obtained is hereinafter referred to as “xCDP (100-x) Bz complex”. Note that x is a molar ratio of cesium dihydrogen phosphate.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 6 Each of the following raw materials was pulverized in an agate mortar to obtain samples of Comparative Examples 1 to 6, respectively.
- Comparative Example 1 cesium hydrogen sulfate (manufactured by Soekawa Riken)
- Comparative Example 2 triazole (1H-1,2,4-triazole, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- Comparative Example 3 imidazole (Tokyo Chemical Industry) Kogyo Co., Ltd.)
- Comparative Example 4 includes benzimidazole (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- Comparative Example 5 includes tetrazole (Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.)
- Comparative Example 6 includes cesium dihydrogen phosphate (Mitsuwa). Samples were prepared using each of Chemical Co., Ltd. Since the samples prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 6 are raw materials as they are, the following description will be made using the material names of the raw materials as appropriate for easy understanding.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B show the results of Raman spectrum analysis of the xCHS (100-x) Tz complex prepared in Example 1 and the samples (cesium hydrogen sulfate, triazole) prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, respectively.
- the horizontal axis indicates the wave number, and the vertical axis indicates the peak intensity.
- the Raman spectrum was measured in the range of 800 cm ⁇ 1 to 1200 cm ⁇ 1 .
- Figure 1A it shows a spectrum in the range of 1200cm -1 ⁇ 1000cm -1.
- Figure 1B shows a spectrum in the range from 1000 cm -1 to 800 cm -1.
- the xCHS (100-x) Tz complex of Example 1 is a peak that does not exist in both cesium hydrogen sulfate and triazole, and is attributed to the C—S bond.
- a peak and a peak attributed to the NS bond were observed.
- the position of the peak attributed to the C—S bond is indicated by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 1A.
- the position of the peak attributed to the NS bond is indicated by a broken line in FIG. 1B. That is, it was shown that the composite produced by the mechanical mixing process was not a mere mixture, but a triazole and cesium hydrogen sulfate were combined to form a structure different from both of them.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of solid-state NMR analysis of the xCHS (100-x) Tz complex prepared in Example 1 and the samples (cesium hydrogen sulfate, triazole) prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- the horizontal axis indicates the chemical shift, and the vertical axis indicates the peak intensity.
- the NMR spectrum is shown in order from the top to cesium hydrogen sulfate, xCHS (100-x) Tz complex, and triazole.
- the NMR spectrum of the xCHS (100-x) Tz complex is shown in the order of x from 90, 80, 70, 60, 50 from the top.
- the symbol, title, substance name, or chemical formula of the complex corresponding to each spectrum is shown.
- the NMR spectrum of the xCHS (100-x) Tz complex was completely different from the spectra of triazole and cesium hydrogen sulfate. That is, similar to the results of Raman spectrum analysis in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the xCHS (100-x) Tz complex has a structure different from both of them due to the complexation of triazole and cesium hydrogen sulfate. It was shown that In other words, it was shown that, by mechanically mixing the acidic salt of the oxo acid contained in the inorganic solid acid salt and the azole compound, a complex of both was generated instead of a simple mixture.
- FIG. 3 shows the ionic conductivity of the xCHS (100-x) Tz complex of Example 1 and the samples (cesium hydrogen sulfate, triazole) prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- the horizontal axis represents temperature
- the vertical axis represents conductivity.
- the ionic conductivity of xCHS (100-x) Tz complex, cesium hydrogen sulfate, and triazole are plotted against temperature.
- white circles, black inverted triangles, white triangles, black squares, and white squares are plotted with complex ions whose xCHS (100-x) Tz is 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, respectively.
- the conductivity is shown.
- a black circle plot indicates the ionic conductivity of cesium hydrogen sulfate, and a black diamond shape indicates the ionic conductivity of triazole.
- the xCHS (100-x) Tz complex exhibits a high ionic conductivity of about 10 ⁇ 3 Scm ⁇ 1 in the range of at least 120 ° C. to 160 ° C. above 120 ° C. It was.
- the molar ratio of cesium hydrogen sulfate in the xCHS (100-x) Tz complex was 50 or more, good ionic conductivity was exhibited even in a relatively low temperature range of 60 ° C. to 120 ° C.
- the 70CHS30Tz composite showed a high ionic conductivity of 10 ⁇ 4 Scm ⁇ 1 or more from around 60 ° C.
- an ionic conductivity of about 10 ⁇ 3 Scm ⁇ 1 was realized in a wide temperature range from about 60 ° C. to 160 ° C.
- the ionic conductivity tended to be lower than that in 80CHS20Tz in the range of 60 ° C.
- the cesium hydrogen sulfate of Comparative Example 1 was used. It showed ionic conductivity of greater than the ionic conductivity 10 -3 Scm -1. Although not shown, when the molar ratio of cesium hydrogen sulfate is 40 or less in the xCHS (100-x) Tz complex, high ionic conductivity cannot be achieved particularly at 100 ° C. or less.
- the cesium hydrogen sulfate of Comparative Example 1 has a high conductivity of about 10 ⁇ 3 Scm ⁇ 1 at around 140 ° C., but has a low ionic conductivity below 10 ⁇ 6 Scm ⁇ 1 at less than 140 ° C. .
- the triazole of Comparative Example 2 had a high conductivity of about 10 ⁇ 3 Scm ⁇ 1 at 120 ° C., but had a low ionic conductivity at a temperature below 120 ° C.
- FIG. 4 shows the thermogravimetric change of the xCHS (100-x) Tz complex of Example 1 and the samples (cesium hydrogen sulfate, triazole) prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- the horizontal axis represents temperature
- the vertical axis represents the weight fraction.
- a curve indicating the thermogravimetric change of each complex is shown in association with a symbol indicating each complex.
- “CsHSO 4 ” is associated with the curve showing the thermogravimetric change of cesium hydrogen sulfate
- pure 1,2,4-Triazole is associated with the curve showing the thermogravimetric change of triazole. Shown with it.
- FIG. 4 shows, as a reference example, a curve showing the thermogravimetric change of only the raw material triazole milled under the same conditions as in Example 1, and corresponds to the display of “MM1, 2, 4-Triazole”. Shown with it.
- FIG. 5 shows the thermogravimetric change of the xCHS (100-x) Tz composite prepared in Example 1 and the samples (cesium hydrogen sulfate, triazole) prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 under a 120 ° C. environment. .
- FIG. 5 shows the thermogravimetric change at 120 ° C. for xCHS (100-x) Tz complex, cesium hydrogen sulfate, and triazole.
- the curve showing the thermogravimetric change of the xCHS (100-x) Tz composite is shown in the order of x being 90, 80, 70 from the upper side.
- the curves indicating the thermogravimetric changes of each complex and the like are associated with the corresponding symbols, substance names, and chemical formulas as in FIG. 4. Further, on the right side of FIG. 5, the weight fraction of triazole blended in the composite is indicated by arrows. Specifically, the triazole content in the 90CHS10Tz complex is 3 wt%, the triazole content in the 80CHS20Tz complex is 7 wt%, and the triazole content in the 70CHS30Tz complex is 12 wt%.
- the thermal stability of the xCHS (100-x) Tz complex was improved and improved as compared with triazole.
- the thermal stability up to about 150 ° C. was greatly improved as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 shows the ionic conductivity of the 80CHS20Tz composite prepared in Example 2 and the samples (cesium hydrogen sulfate, triazole) prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- the horizontal axis represents temperature, and the vertical axis represents conductivity.
- the ionic conductivity of each composite produced in Example 2, cesium hydrogen sulfate, and triazole is plotted against temperature.
- white circles, black inverted triangles, white triangles, black squares, and white squares are plotted with ions of 80CHS20Tz complexes prepared with mixing times of 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 120 minutes, and 240 minutes, respectively.
- the conductivity is shown.
- the plot shown by a black circle has shown the ionic conductivity of cesium hydrogen sulfate
- the plot shown by the black rhombus has shown the ionic conductivity of triazole.
- the 80CHS20Tz composite obtained by milling triazole and cesium hydrogen sulfate exhibits an ionic conductivity of 10 ⁇ 3 Scm ⁇ 1 at 120 ° C. even with a mixing time of only 10 minutes. Even on the low temperature side of 60 ° C. to 120 ° C., the ionic conductivity was greatly improved compared to triazole and cesium hydrogen sulfate. Further, the 80CHS20Tz composite with a mixing time of 60 minutes showed a high ionic conductivity of 10 ⁇ 3 Scm ⁇ 1 in a wide temperature range of 60 ° C. to 160 ° C. In addition, when the mixing time was 240 minutes, the ionic conductivity of the 80CHS20Tz complex was lower than that with a mixing time of 120 minutes.
- FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 show the results of evaluating Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 3 by ionic conductivity and TGA.
- FIG. 7 shows the ionic conductivity of the xCHS (100-x) Iz composite prepared in Example 3 and the samples (cesium hydrogen sulfate, imidazole) prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 3.
- the horizontal axis represents temperature
- the vertical axis represents conductivity.
- the ionic conductivities of xCHS (100-x) Iz complex, cesium hydrogen sulfate, and imidazole are plotted against temperature.
- white circles, black inverted triangles, white triangles, and black squares plots show the ionic conductivities of the complexes in which x of xCHS (100-x) Iz is 90, 80, 70, and 50, respectively. Yes. Moreover, the plot shown by the black circle has shown the ionic conductivity of cesium hydrogen sulfate, and the plot shown by the white square has shown the ionic conductivity of imidazole.
- FIG. 8 shows the thermogravimetric change of the xCHS (100-x) Iz complex and the samples (cesium hydrogen sulfate, imidazole) prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 3.
- the horizontal axis represents temperature
- the vertical axis represents the weight fraction.
- a curve indicating the thermogravimetric change of each complex is shown in association with a symbol indicating each complex.
- CsHSO 4 is associated with the curve indicating the calorific value change of cesium hydrogen sulfate
- pureImidazole is associated with the curve indicating the thermogravimetric change of imidazole.
- the curve which shows the thermogravimetric change of what milled only the raw material imidazole on the same conditions as Example 3 as a reference example is shown, and the display of "MM Imidazole" is shown correspondingly. .
- the xCHS (100-x) Iz complex was shown to have ionic conductivity up to at least 160 ° C. even if it exceeded 120 ° C. Further, in the xCHS (100-x) Iz complex, when the molar ratio of cesium hydrogen sulfate was 70 or more, a high ionic conductivity of 10 ⁇ 3 Scm ⁇ 1 was exhibited at 120 ° C. Compared with each of cesium hydrogen sulfate and imidazole, the ionic conductivity increased by 10 to 1000 times at 50 ° C. In particular, 80CHS20Iz complex, 50 ° C. but shows a 10 -3 Scm -1 close ionic conductivity in a wide temperature range of 50 ° C. ⁇ 160 ° C., showed an ion conductivity of approximately 10 -3 Scm -1.
- the xCHS (100-x) Iz complex has improved thermal stability compared to imidazole, and the thermal weight decreases as the molar ratio of cesium hydrogen sulfate in the complex increases. Became sluggish.
- the thermal stability is remarkably within the range of 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. which is the operation region of the medium temperature non-humidified fuel cell. It was observed to improve.
- imidazole became thermally unstable when the temperature exceeded 100 ° C., and the weight decreased rapidly from around 150 ° C. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, when the melting point is higher than the melting point, it has a good ionic conductivity of 10 ⁇ 3 Scm ⁇ 1 or more at 100 ° C., but loses its function as an ionic conductor before reaching 120 ° C. It was shown that. In the xCHS (100-x) Iz complex, when the molar ratio of cesium was 40 or less, high ionic conductivity was not achieved particularly at 100 ° C. or less.
- FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 show the results of evaluating Example 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 4 by ionic conductivity and TGA.
- FIG. 9 shows the ionic conductivity of the xCHS (100-x) Bz composite prepared in Example 4 and the samples (cesium hydrogen sulfate, benzimidazole) prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 4.
- the horizontal axis represents temperature
- the vertical axis represents conductivity.
- the ionic conductivity of xCHS (100-x) Bz complex, cesium hydrogen sulfate, and benzimidazole is plotted against temperature.
- white circles, black inverted triangles, white triangles, black squares, and white squares are plotted with complex ions in which x of xCHS (100-x) Bz is 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, respectively.
- the conductivity is shown.
- a plot indicated by a black circle indicates the ionic conductivity of cesium hydrogen sulfate
- a plot indicated by a black rhombus indicates the ionic conductivity of benzimidazole.
- FIG. 10 shows the thermogravimetric change of the xCHS (100-x) Bz complex and the samples prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 4 (cesium hydrogen sulfate, benzimidazole).
- the horizontal axis represents temperature, and the vertical axis represents weight fraction.
- “CsHSO 4 ” is associated with the curve indicating the thermogravimetric change of cesium hydrogen sulfate
- the display of “Benzizazole” is associated with the curve indicating the thermogravimetric change of benzimidazole. Is shown.
- FIG. 10 shows, as a reference example, a curve showing the thermogravimetric change of only raw material benzimidazole milled under the same conditions as in Example 4, and the display of “MM-Benzimidazole” is shown in association with it. Has been.
- the xCHS (100-x) Bz complex has cesium hydrogen sulfate and benzimidazole in a temperature range of at least about 100 ° C. to 140 ° C. or less.
- the ionic conductivity of the 70CHS30Bz complex and 80CHS20Bz complex is higher than that of cesium hydrogen sulfate and benzimidazole in the temperature range of 60 ° C. to 140 ° C. When the temperature exceeds 140 ° C., 10 ⁇ 3 Scm ⁇ . An ionic conductivity of about 1 was obtained.
- the xCHS (100-x) Bz complex has improved thermal stability compared to benzimidazole.
- the molar ratio of cesium hydrogen sulfate in the xCHS (100-x) Bz complex was 50 or more, the effect became remarkable.
- benzimidazole became thermally unstable when the temperature exceeded 150 ° C.
- benzidiimidazole rapidly decreased in weight from around 180 ° C.
- the ionic conductivity shows only a low ionic conductivity that does not exceed 10 ⁇ 6 Scm ⁇ 1 even at 140 ° C. There wasn't.
- the xCHS (100-x) Bz complex when the molar ratio of cesium hydrogen sulfate was 40 or less, high conductivity was not achieved particularly at 100 ° C. or less.
- Example 5 and Comparative Examples 1 and 5 are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11 shows the ionic conductivity of the xCHS (100-x) Tez complex produced in Example 5 and the samples (cesium hydrogen sulfate, tetrazole) prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 5.
- the horizontal axis represents temperature and the vertical axis represents conductivity.
- the ionic conductivity of xCHS (100-x) Tez complex, cesium hydrogen sulfate, and tetrazole are plotted against temperature.
- white circles, black inverted triangles, white triangles, and black squares plots show the ionic conductivity of the composites in which x of xCHS (100-x) Tez is 90, 80, 70, 60, respectively. Yes.
- the black circle plot indicates the ionic conductivity of cesium hydrogen sulfate
- the black rhombus plot indicates the ionic conductivity of tetrazole.
- the xCHS (100-x) Tez complex has a cesium hydrogen sulfate and benzil concentration in the temperature range of at least about 100 ° C. to 140 ° C. when the molar ratio of cesium hydrogen sulfate is in the range of 60-80.
- the ionic conductivity was improved, and a high ionic conductivity exceeding 10 ⁇ 3 Scm ⁇ 1 was exhibited at 140 ° C.
- FIG. 12 shows the ionic conductivity of the xCDP (100-x) Tz complex prepared in Example 6 and the samples (triazole, cesium dihydrogen phosphate) prepared in Comparative Examples 2 and 6.
- the horizontal axis represents temperature and the vertical axis represents conductivity
- the ionic conductivity of xCDP (100-x) Tz complex, cesium dihydrogen phosphate, and triazole is plotted against temperature. ing.
- plots of white circles, black inverted triangles, white triangles, black squares, and white squares are complex ions in which x of xCDP (100-x) Tz is 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, respectively.
- the conductivity is shown.
- the black circle plot indicates the ionic conductivity of cesium dihydrogen phosphate
- the black rhombus plot indicates the ionic conductivity of triazole.
- the xCDP (100-x) Tz complex has good ionic conductivity even when it exceeds 120 ° C. and reaches 180 ° C., and the ionic conductivity is higher than that of cesium dihydrogen phosphate.
- the 50CDP50Tz complex and the 60CDP40Tz complex exhibited high proton conductivity reaching 10 ⁇ 3 Scm ⁇ 1 at 140 ° C.
- FIG. 13 shows the ionic conductivity of the xCDP (100-x) Bz composite prepared in Example 7 and the samples (benzimidazole, cesium dihydrogen phosphate) prepared in Comparative Examples 4 and 6.
- the horizontal axis represents temperature
- the vertical axis represents conductivity.
- the ionic conductivity of xCDP (100-x) Bz complex, cesium dihydrogen phosphate, and benzimidazole is plotted against temperature.
- the plots of white circles, black inverted triangles, white triangles, black squares, and white squares are complex ions whose xCDP (100-x) Bz x is 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, respectively.
- the conductivity is shown.
- the black circle plot indicates the ionic conductivity of cesium dihydrogen phosphate
- the black rhombus plot indicates the ionic conductivity of benzimidazole.
- the ionic conductivity of the xCDP (100-x) Bz complex was higher than that of cesium dihydrogen phosphate or benzimidazole.
- benzimidazole has a low ionic conductivity of about 10 ⁇ 6 Scm ⁇ 1 at 180 ° C.
- cesium dihydrogen phosphate also has a low ionic conductivity of about 10 ⁇ 5 Scm ⁇ 1 at 180 ° C. It was.
- the molar ratio of cesium dihydrogen phosphate in the xCDP (100-x) Bz complex is 50 or more, the ionic conductivity is higher in the range of 60 ° C. to 180 ° C.
- the 50CDP50Bz complex, the 60CDP40Bz complex, and the 70CDP30Bz complex exhibited proton conductivity exceeding 10 ⁇ 4 Scm ⁇ 1 at 180 ° C.
- FIG. 14 shows the results of the evaluation of Comparative Examples 7 and 8 based on the ionic conductivity.
- FIG. 14 shows the ionic conductivities of the mixture a prepared in Comparative Example 7, the mixture b prepared in Comparative Example 8, the 80CHS20Tz composite of Example 1, the cesium hydrogen sulfate of Comparative Example 1, and the triazole of Comparative Example 2. ing.
- FIG. 14 shows temperature on the horizontal axis and conductivity on the vertical axis. The ionic conductivity of the 80CHS20Tz composite of Example 1, mixture a, mixture b, cesium hydrogen sulfate, and triazole is plotted against temperature.
- white circles, black inverted triangles, and white triangle plots indicate the ionic conductivity of the mixture a, the mixture b, and the 80CHS20Tz complex, respectively.
- the black circle plot represents the ionic conductivity of cesium hydrogen sulfate
- the black diamond plot represents the ionic conductivity of triazole.
- both the mixture a and the mixture b had lower ionic conductivity than the 80CHS20Tz composite. Therefore, it was shown that simply mixing the inorganic solid acid salt and the azole compound is insufficient or impossible to form a complex of both. Moreover, it was shown that, by forming a complex with both, high proton conductivity in the intermediate temperature region and improvement in proton conductivity on the low temperature side of 100 ° C. or lower can be realized.
Abstract
Description
プレス成形機(P-16B、RIKEN社製)を用い、測定対象物を60MPaで1分間プレスを行い、直径12mmのペレット状の測定サンプルを作製した。電気化学測定システム(SI 1260、Solartron社製)を用い、作製した各測定サンプルの各々について、イオン導電率の測定を行った。測定は、無加湿条件下で60℃~160℃(昇温速度5℃/分)の範囲で行った。測定データは専用のソフトウェア(Z-plot、Scribner Associates社製)を用いて収集した。尚、イオン導電率はプロトン伝導性を評価するものであり、イオン導電率が高いほどプロトン伝導性が高いことを示している。
TGA装置(Rigaku Thermo Plus TG 8120、(株)リガク社製)を用い、大気雰囲気下、昇温速度10℃/分で室温から500℃までの熱重量変化を測定した。また、TGA装置を用いて、大気雰囲気下で120℃に保持した場合の熱重量変化を測定した。
レーザラマン分光光度計(NRS-3100、日本分光株式会社(JASCO))を使用し、フーリエ変換ラマン分光法(FT-Raman)を用いて、ラマン散乱光スペクトルの測定を行った。CCD検出器温度は-50℃、測定波数400~4000cm-1、光源露出時間2秒、積算回数16回の条件下で測定を行い、評価を行った。
NMR装置(UNITY-400P、 バリアン・テクノロジーズ・ジャパン・リミテッド)を用い、核磁気共鳴法(NMR)による固体NMR測定を行って分子構造を評価した。固体NMR測定は、120℃の真空雰囲気で乾燥したサンプルを窒素雰囲気下で直径7mmのローターに詰め込み、回転数5000RPMの条件下で行った。
硫酸水素セシウム(添川理化学株式会社製)とトリアゾール(1H-1,2,4-トリアゾール、東京化成工業株式会社製)とを、モル比で、90:10、80:20、70:30、60:40、50:50、40:60、30:70、20:80、10:90となるように配合した。それぞれを、遊星型ミリング装置(planetary ball mill (Fritsch Pulverisette 7)、フリッチュ・ジャパン(株)製)に投入し、回転数720RPMで60分間、窒素雰囲気下でミリング処理を行い、混合処理を行った。その後、遊星型ミリング装置から取り出した内容物を、100℃の真空オーブンの中で10時間乾燥させ、各配合比に対応する硫酸水素セシウム-トリアゾール複合体を、白色個体で得た。このようにして得られた複合体を、以下「xCHS(100-x)Tz複合体」と称す。尚、xは硫酸水素セシウムのモル比である。
硫酸水素セシウム(添川理化学株式会社製)とトリアゾール(1H-1,2,4-トリアゾール、東京化成工業株式会社製)とを、モル比で80:20となるように配合した。それぞれを、遊星型ミリング装置(planetary ball mill (Fritsch Pulverisette 7)、フリッチュ・ジャパン(株)製)に投入し、回転数720RPM、窒素雰囲気下でミリング処理を行い、混合処理を行った。混合時間は、10分、30分、60分、120分、240分間とした。その後、遊星型ミリング装置から内容物を取り出し、100℃の真空オーブンの中で10時間乾燥させ、各混合時間に対応する硫酸水素セシウム-トリアゾール複合体を、白色個体で得た。
硫酸水素セシウム(添川理化学株式会社製)とイミダゾール(東京化成工業株式会社製)とを、モル比で、90:10、80:20、70:30、50:50、40:60、30:70、20:80、10:90となるように配合した。それぞれを、遊星型ミリング装置(planetary ball mill (Fritsch Pulverisette 7)、フリッチュ・ジャパン(株)製)に投入し、回転数720RPMで60分間、窒素雰囲気下でミリング処理を行い、混合処理を行った。その後、遊星型ミリング装置から内容物を取り出し、100℃の真空オーブンの中で10時間乾燥させ、各配合比に対応する硫酸水素セシウム-イミダゾール複合体を、白色個体で得た。このようにして得られた複合体を、以下「xCHS(100-x)Iz複合体」と称す。尚、xは硫酸水素セシウムのモル比である。
硫酸水素セシウム(添川理化学株式会社製)とベンジイミダゾール(東京化成工業株式会社製)とを、モル比で、90:10、80:20、70:30、60:40、50:50、40:60、30:70、20:80、10:90となるように配合した。それぞれを、遊星型ミリング装置(planetary ball mill (Fritsch Pulverisette 7)、フリッチュ・ジャパン(株)製)に投入し、回転数720RPMで60分間、窒素雰囲気下でミリング処理を行い、混合処理を行った。その後、遊星型ミリング装置から内容物を取り出し、100℃の真空オーブンの中で10時間乾燥させ、各配合比に対応する硫酸水素セシウム-ベンジイミダゾール複合体を、白色個体で得た。このようにして得られた複合体を、以下「xCHS(100-x)Bz複合体」と称す。尚、xは硫酸水素セシウムのモル比である。
硫酸水素セシウム(添川理化学株式会社製)とテトラゾール(1H-テトラゾール、東京化成工業株式会社製)とを、モル比で、90:10、80:20、70:30、60:40となるように配合した。それぞれを、遊星型ミリング装置(planetary ball mill (Fritsch Pulverisette 7)、フリッチュ・ジャパン(株)製)に投入し、回転数720RPMで60分間、窒素雰囲気下でミリング処理を行い、混合処理を行った。その後、遊星型ミリング装置から内容物を取り出し、100℃の真空オーブンの中で10時間乾燥させ、各配合比に対応する硫酸水素セシウム-テトラゾール複合体を、白色個体で得た。このようにして得られた複合体を、以下「xCHS(100-x)Tez複合体」と称す。尚、xは硫酸水素セシウムのモル比である。
リン酸二水素セシウム(三津和化学株式会社製)とトリアゾール(1H-1,2,4-トリアゾール、東京化成工業株式会社製)とを、モル比で、90:10、80:20、70:30、60:40、50:50となるように配合した。それぞれを、遊星型ミリング装置(planetary ball mill (Fritsch Pulverisette 7)、フリッチュ・ジャパン(株)製)に投入し、回転数720RPMで60分間、窒素雰囲気下でミリング処理を行い、混合処理を行った。その後、遊星型ミリング装置から内容物を取り出し、100℃の真空オーブンの中で10時間乾燥させ、各配合比に対応するリン酸二水素セシウム-トリアゾール複合体を、白色固体で得た。このようにして得られた複合体を、以下「xCDP(100-x)Tz複合体」と称す。尚、xはリン酸二水素セシウムのモル比である。
リン酸二水素セシウム(三津和化学株式会社製)とベンジイミダゾール(東京化成工業株式会社製)とを、モル比で、90:10、80:20、70:30、60:40、50:50となるように配合した。それぞれを、遊星型ミリング装置(planetary ball mill (Fritsch Pulverisette 7)、フリッチュ・ジャパン(株)製)に投入し、回転数720RPMで60分間、窒素雰囲気下でミリング処理を行い、混合処理を行った。その後、遊星型ミリング装置から内容物を取り出し、100℃の真空オーブンの中で10時間乾燥させ、各配合比に対応するリン酸二水素セシウム-ベンジイミダゾール複合体を、白色個体で得た。このようにして得られた複合体を、以下「xCDP(100-x)Bz複合体」と称す。尚、xはリン酸二水素セシウムのモル比である。
下記原料のそれぞれを、メノウ乳鉢にて細粉化して、それぞれ比較例1~6の試料とした。比較例1には硫酸水素セシウム(添川理化学株式会社製)、比較例2にはトリアゾール(1H-1,2,4-トリアゾール、東京化成工業株式会社製)、比較例3にはイミダゾール(東京化成工業株式会社製)、比較例4にはベンジイミダゾール(東京化成工業株式会社製)、比較例5にはテトラゾール(東京化成工業株式会社製)、比較例6にはリン酸二水素セシウム(三津和化学株式会社製)をそれぞれ用いて試料を調製した。尚、比較例1~6にて調製された試料は原料そのままであるので、理解を容易とするために、以下においては適宜、原料の物質名を用いて説明を行う。
硫酸水素セシウム(添川理化学株式会社製)とトリアゾール(1H-1,2,4-トリアゾール、東京化成工業株式会社製)とを、モル比で、80:20となるように配合して、乳鉢にて均一になるよう混合し、比較例7の混合物aを得た。更に、得られた混合物aを100℃の真空オーブンの中で1時間乾燥させ、比較例8の混合物bを得た。
実施例1および比較例1,2について、ラマン分光法、核磁気共鳴法、イオン導電率、TGAにより評価を行った結果を、図1Aから図5に示す。
Claims (14)
- オキソ酸の酸性塩を含む無機固体酸塩とアゾール化合物とを機械的に混合処理して得られる、前記無機固体酸塩と前記アゾール化合物との複合体を有することを特徴とするプロトン伝導体。
- 前記酸性塩は、アルカリ金属またはアンモニウムイオンが、前記オキソ酸の酸性基とイオン結合した塩であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプロトン伝導体。
- 前記アゾール化合物に対する前記無機固体酸塩のモル比は1以上であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のプロトン伝導体。
- オキソ酸の酸性塩を含む無機固体酸塩と、アゾール化合物とを含む複合体を有することを特徴とするプロトン伝導体。
- 前記アゾール化合物に対する前記無機固体酸塩のモル比が1以上であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のプロトン伝導体。
- 前記酸性塩は、アルカリ金属またはアンモニウムイオンが、前記オキソ酸の酸性基とイオン結合した塩であることを特徴とする請求項4または5に記載のプロトン伝導体。
- 前記アゾール化合物は、複素5員環中に2つ以上の窒素原子を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれかに記載のプロトン伝導体。
- 前記アゾール化合物はトリアゾールであることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のプロトン伝導体。
- プロトン伝導体の製造方法において、
オキソ酸の酸性塩を含む無機固体酸塩とアゾール化合物とを機械的に混合処理し、前記無機固体酸塩と前記アゾール化合物とを含む複合体を製造する混合工程を備えたことを特徴とするプロトン伝導体の製造方法。 - 前記酸性塩は、アルカリ金属またはアンモニウムイオンが、前記オキソ酸の酸性基とイオン結合した塩であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載のプロトン伝導体の製造方法。
- 前記混合工程は、前記アゾール化合物に対する前記無機固体酸塩のモル比が1以上となるように配合された前記無機固体酸塩と前記アゾール化合物とを混合処理することを特徴とする請求項9または10に記載のプロトン伝導体の製造方法。
- 前記アゾール化合物は、複素5員環中に2つ以上の窒素原子を含むことを特徴とする請求項9から11のいずれかに記載のプロトン伝導体の製造方法。
- 前記アゾール化合物はトリアゾールであることを特徴とする請求項12に記載のプロトン伝導体の製造方法。
- 前記混合工程は、遊星ボールミルによるミリングによって混合処理を行うものであることを特徴とする請求項9から13のいずれかに記載のプロトン伝導体の製造方法。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/811,587 US20130177835A1 (en) | 2010-07-23 | 2011-07-22 | Proton conductor and method of producing proton conductor |
JP2012525430A JP5871238B2 (ja) | 2010-07-23 | 2011-07-22 | プロトン伝導体及びプロトン伝導体の製造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2010-165497 | 2010-07-23 | ||
JP2010165497 | 2010-07-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012011552A1 true WO2012011552A1 (ja) | 2012-01-26 |
Family
ID=45496970
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2011/066666 WO2012011552A1 (ja) | 2010-07-23 | 2011-07-22 | プロトン伝導体及びプロトン伝導体の製造方法 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130177835A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5871238B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012011552A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2016004621A (ja) * | 2014-06-13 | 2016-01-12 | 株式会社デンソー | 伝導膜及び燃料電池 |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20190267636A1 (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2019-08-29 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Enhancing catalyst activity of a pem fuel cell electrode with an ionic liquid additive |
CN112111757B (zh) * | 2020-09-15 | 2022-05-10 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种高温水电解用复合膜及其制备方法和应用 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005071961A (ja) * | 2003-08-28 | 2005-03-17 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池用電解質膜、触媒組成物及び燃料電池 |
JP2007073475A (ja) * | 2005-09-09 | 2007-03-22 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | コンポジット型イオン伝導体 |
JP2009016156A (ja) * | 2007-07-04 | 2009-01-22 | National Institute For Materials Science | 燃料電池用プロトン伝導体及びその製造方法 |
JP2009181716A (ja) * | 2008-01-29 | 2009-08-13 | Toyota Motor Corp | プロトン伝導体、それを備えた燃料電池および燃料電池システム |
JP2010084159A (ja) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-04-15 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | イオン伝導体 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2004106349A1 (en) * | 2003-05-27 | 2004-12-09 | E.I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Fuel cell membrane containing zirconium phosphate |
JP2005222890A (ja) * | 2004-02-09 | 2005-08-18 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池用電解質材料 |
US20070128491A1 (en) * | 2005-07-13 | 2007-06-07 | California Institute Of Technology | Advanced solid acid electrolyte composites |
JP5181526B2 (ja) * | 2007-05-08 | 2013-04-10 | ソニー株式会社 | 燃料電池、燃料電池の製造方法および電子機器 |
-
2011
- 2011-07-22 JP JP2012525430A patent/JP5871238B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-07-22 WO PCT/JP2011/066666 patent/WO2012011552A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-07-22 US US13/811,587 patent/US20130177835A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005071961A (ja) * | 2003-08-28 | 2005-03-17 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池用電解質膜、触媒組成物及び燃料電池 |
JP2007073475A (ja) * | 2005-09-09 | 2007-03-22 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | コンポジット型イオン伝導体 |
JP2009016156A (ja) * | 2007-07-04 | 2009-01-22 | National Institute For Materials Science | 燃料電池用プロトン伝導体及びその製造方法 |
JP2009181716A (ja) * | 2008-01-29 | 2009-08-13 | Toyota Motor Corp | プロトン伝導体、それを備えた燃料電池および燃料電池システム |
JP2010084159A (ja) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-04-15 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | イオン伝導体 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2016004621A (ja) * | 2014-06-13 | 2016-01-12 | 株式会社デンソー | 伝導膜及び燃料電池 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5871238B2 (ja) | 2016-03-01 |
US20130177835A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
JPWO2012011552A1 (ja) | 2013-09-09 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Lim et al. | Protonated phosphonic acid electrodes for high power heavy-duty vehicle fuel cells | |
Lai et al. | Electrolytes for rechargeable lithium–air batteries | |
Özdemir et al. | Fabrication and characterization of cross-linked polybenzimidazole based membranes for high temperature PEM fuel cells | |
Chen et al. | Determining and minimizing resistance for ion transport at the polymer/ceramic electrolyte interface | |
Jung et al. | Functionalized sulfide solid electrolyte with air-stable and chemical-resistant oxysulfide nanolayer for all-solid-state batteries | |
Li et al. | Comparative studies of SrCo1− xTaxO3− δ (x= 0.05–0.4) oxides as cathodes for low‐temperature solid‐oxide fuel cells | |
Ahmad et al. | Preparation and physical properties of (PVA) 0.7 (NaBr) 0.3 (H3PO4) xM solid acid membrane for phosphoric acid–Fuel cells | |
Lee et al. | Nafion membranes with a sulfonated organic additive for the use in vanadium redox flow batteries | |
Liu et al. | Novel crosslinked alkaline exchange membranes based on poly (phthalazinone ether ketone) for anion exchange membrane fuel cell applications | |
Shabanikia et al. | Novel nanocomposite membranes based on polybenzimidazole and Fe 2 TiO 5 nanoparticles for proton exchange membrane fuel cells | |
JP2008218408A (ja) | 複合イオン伝導材料 | |
Meenakshi et al. | Natural and synthetic solid polymer hybrid dual network membranes as electrolytes for direct methanol fuel cells | |
CN101908632A (zh) | 三元掺杂改性speek质子交换膜制备方法 | |
JP5654202B2 (ja) | ハイブリッド薄膜、そのハイブリッド薄膜の製造方法、ならびにその種のハイブリッド薄膜を使用した燃料電池 | |
JP5871238B2 (ja) | プロトン伝導体及びプロトン伝導体の製造方法 | |
EP1474839B1 (en) | Polymer electrolyte membranes for use in fuel cells | |
CN106356547B (zh) | 一种具有高抗氧化能力的交联型聚苯并咪唑/二氧化硅高温质子交换膜及其制备方法 | |
Amirinejad et al. | Sulfonated poly (arylene ether)/heteropolyacids nanocomposite membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells | |
Liu et al. | Towards basic ionic liquid-based hybrid membranes as hydroxide-conducting electrolytes under low humidity conditions | |
Ells et al. | Potassium fluoride and carbonate lead to cell failure in potassium-ion batteries | |
EP4046219A1 (en) | Borosulfate proton conducting materials | |
Feng et al. | Enhanced Moisture Stability of Lithium‐Rich Antiperovskites for Sustainable All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries | |
Al-Wahish et al. | Structure and dynamics investigations of Sr/Ca-doped LaPO4 Proton conductors | |
CN102786755B (zh) | 一种LnF3/Nafion复合膜及其制备和应用 | |
Lei et al. | Room‐Temperature Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries Using Metal Organic Framework Composited Comb‐Like Methoxy Poly (ethylene glycol) Acrylate Solid Polymer Electrolytes |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 11809722 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
DPE1 | Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2012525430 Country of ref document: JP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13811587 Country of ref document: US |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 11809722 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |