WO2014057211A1 - Removal device for air contaminants - Google Patents

Removal device for air contaminants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014057211A1
WO2014057211A1 PCT/FR2013/052396 FR2013052396W WO2014057211A1 WO 2014057211 A1 WO2014057211 A1 WO 2014057211A1 FR 2013052396 W FR2013052396 W FR 2013052396W WO 2014057211 A1 WO2014057211 A1 WO 2014057211A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
filter
tube
barrel
pump
air
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2013/052396
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Daniel TALON
Original Assignee
Universite De Franche Comte
Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire De Besancon
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universite De Franche Comte, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire De Besancon filed Critical Universite De Franche Comte
Priority to EP13785526.8A priority Critical patent/EP2904371A1/en
Publication of WO2014057211A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014057211A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2273—Atmospheric sampling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
    • G01N1/2205—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling with filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N2001/2285—Details of probe structures
    • G01N2001/2288—Filter arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sampling device for airborne contaminants, and more particularly to a device intended to be used in an operating theater.
  • Surgical site infections are one of the most common and serious complications that can occur in the operated patient.
  • This contamination can come either directly from the operating margins, or by sedimentation at the surgical site or at the level of the surgical instruments of inert particles suspended in the air, particles carrying micro-organisms.
  • Man is the main producer of microorganisms (and particles) inside the premises and extremely high contamination values can be reached (see Table 1). The more the activity increases, the more the aerobiocontamination increases, this phenomenon can be more or less masked by the importance of ventilation and renewal of the air.
  • the ventilation system significantly reduces the aerobiocontamination according to its level of quality required.
  • the aerobiocontamination constitutes a potential danger for the patients in particular in certain surgeries.
  • the work of Lidwell in orthopedic surgery have shown a correlation between the amount of microorganisms present in the air at one intervention and the rate of infections post ⁇ operative. This work and others have also shown that most of the micro-organisms that make up this aerobiocontamination come from people in the operating room.
  • particulate contamination of the air and aerobiocontamination is not in fact constant and the bacterial load of air, for the same level of particulate contamination, can vary according to the origin of the inert particles: the particles Man-derived and emitted during any human activity are more heavily loaded with micro-organisms and especially bacteria.
  • the micro-organisms responsible for surgical site infections (ISO) are mainly bacteria, the most pathogenic of which is staphylococcus aureus.
  • the aerobiocontamination of an operating room in a health facility is part of an overall prevention strategy for ISOs.
  • Document US Pat. No. 5,855,652 discloses a device for concentrating airborne contaminants in a liquid comprising a tube whose one end is closed by a filter.
  • the device includes a pump for circulating ambient air through the filter.
  • Said tube further comprises upstream of the filter openings for the passage of a liquid for collecting contaminants present on the filter.
  • the end of said tube, closed by the filter has a frustoconical shape whose inner diameter increases towards said tube.
  • the devices currently available on the market are devices designed and used exclusively by the operational hygiene teams or external service providers for the qualification of the rooms, which is therefore performed outside of any human activity.
  • the quality of the air observed outside activity does not make it possible to prejudge this quality in activity (difference varying with the nature of the flow, the number of speakers in the room, the duration of the intervention, the behaviors of the surgical team in particular).
  • the present invention relates to an air contaminants sampling device comprising a tube whose one end is closed by the front face of a filter, said tube further comprising openings connected to a pump causing a flow of air through said tube towards said pump, upstream of said filter, characterized in that said end has a frustoconical inner surface whose inner diameter decreases towards said filter.
  • Said openings are preferably placed in the same plane, parallel to said filter.
  • Said plane is preferably at a distance of 5 to 100 mm from said filter.
  • Said openings preferably have an area of between 300 and 3000 mm 2 .
  • Said openings are preferentially distributed annularly.
  • air contaminants preferably refers to bacteria.
  • the term "pump” refers to all devices capable of causing depression. Said depression causing a flow of air through said tube towards said pump.
  • said pump has a variable flow rate and according to an even more preferred embodiment said pump comprises the means allowing a user to vary said flow rate.
  • said pump has a flow rate ranging from 0.1 to 100 dm3 / min.
  • said filter is made of nitrocellulose.
  • Nitrocellulose filters are well known to those skilled in the art and are commonly used to filter and / or sterilize biological media.
  • said filter has pores with a diameter of between 0.05 and 10 ⁇ m. According to one quite preferred embodiment said filter has pores whose average diameter is 0.22 mm.
  • said filter has a diameter of between 1 and 10 cm.
  • said frustoconical surface has a height of between 0.5 and 10 cm.
  • said frustoconical inner surface forms, with said filter, an angle of between 120 and 150 °. According to a most preferred embodiment, said angle is between 132 and 137 °.
  • the rear face of said filter closes a duct connected to said pump.
  • said filter is supported by a barrel, mounted in rotation about an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of said tube.
  • said barrel supports a plurality of filters and the barrel is placed so that its rotation makes it possible successively to place each of said filters opposite the end of said tube.
  • the device according to the invention thus makes it possible to collect information concerning the kinetics of aerial contamination and more particularly the intraoperative history of aerial contamination.
  • the timing of the sequence change may be either regular or related to significant events (eg anesthetic induction, skin incision, excision of the operative specimen, placement of implant or material, use of an electrocautery, suture. ..), either related to the recording of movements in the operating room, or to a particulate load (mass or electric) detected by related sensors.
  • the device according to the invention further comprises a motion detector capable of triggering rotation of said barrel.
  • said filter is supported by a flat frame slidably mounted along an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said tube.
  • said frame supports a plurality of filters and said frame is placed so that its sliding makes it possible to successively place each of said filters opposite the end of said tube.
  • the device according to the invention further comprises a motion detector capable of triggering the sliding of said frame.
  • Figure 1 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of a device according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a front view of an embodiment of a device according to the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows a front view of another embodiment of a device according to the invention.
  • the device 1 comprises a tube 2, one of the ends 3 is closed by the front face of a nitrocellulose filter 4 having pores with an average diameter of 0.22m.
  • Said tube 2 further comprises openings 5 connected to a pump 6, upstream of said filter 4.
  • Said frustoconical internal surface 7 forms, with said filter 4, an angle of 135 °.
  • the rear face of said filter 4 closes a duct 8 connected with the pump 6.
  • the filters 4 are supported by a barrel 9, rotatably mounted about an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of said tube 2.
  • the rotation of the barrel 9 makes it possible to successively place each of said four-screw filters 4 to the end 3 of said tube 2.
  • the air sucked by the pump 6 will enter the tube 2 and flow to the conduit 8 and the openings 5.
  • the contaminants are therefore brought into contact with the nitrocellulose filter 4 on which they are attached.
  • the presence of the frustoconical surface and the openings 5 makes it possible to improve the fixation of the bacteria present in the ambient air at the level of the filter 4.
  • the device 1 Apart from the barrel 9 and the tube 2, the device 1 consists of fixed parts intended to be used in a controlled atmosphere room and available for wiping with disinfectants.
  • This barrel 9 acts as a kit for preservation / transport of filters 4 until their support by the laboratory technicians.
  • the barrel 9 is a cylinder three millimeters thick and about 20 cm in diameter, the latter being pierced with 12 cells in which will be placed the filters 4 (diameter of 4.5 cm). Each cell has a removable bottom and a grid, a free portion for the location of the membrane and finally a removable cover.
  • the barrel 9 is eccentric with respect to the tube 2 and allows each cell to pass in front of the latter for the realization of sampling, sampling authorized by the automatic opening of the bottom and the lid of the cell.
  • a tube 2 is available for each intervention.
  • the barrel 9 allows the introduction prior to the intervention of several filters 4.
  • the barrel 9 sets up (facing the suction flow) for each sample a filter 4. At the end of the intervention all the filters 4 is extracted from the barrel 9.
  • the barrel 9 may be replaced by a flat frame 10 slidably mounted along an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said tube.
  • the device 1 further comprises a control software for triggering the rotation of the barrel 9, the sliding of the frame 10 and / or the suction speed of the pump.
  • This software can apply predefined programs.
  • the device 1 may also comprise a motion detector and / or a pressure sensor transmitting information transmitted to the control software.
  • the control software can trigger the rotation of the barrel 9 or the sliding of the frame 10 according to non-programmed events but which can be the source of the emission of many contaminants.
  • Information such as the suction speed of the pump 6, the date of rotation of the barrel and the information collected by the motion detector can also be stored by the control software.
  • a device 1 In order to analyze the capacity of the device 1 according to the invention to capture the air contaminants, a device 1 has been connected to an aerosolization chamber, containing a bacterial contaminant, placed upstream of the tube 2.
  • the experiment was carried out for different suction speeds and comparing the device described in FIG. 1 to a device whose tube 2 does not include a end 3 with a frustoconical inner surface. During the experiment, the bacteria harvested at the level of the filter 4, the openings 6 and the conduit 8 were counted. Cleaning the device
  • the apparatus and the aerosolization chamber are disinfected.
  • the removable parts are soaked for 15 minutes in an Aniosurf® premium bath.
  • the pipes are cleaned with a syringe and dried with dry compressed air.
  • Fixed parts are disinfected using wipes.
  • the bacterial strain used during this test is Staphylococcus aureus: CIP 7625 / ATCC: 25923.
  • the bacterial inoculum consists of 100% of a bacterial suspension titrated at about 104 CFU / ml. This inoculum is added to 0.5 g of sterile talc and the whole is triturated with the mortar and then dried for 40 minutes at 37 ° C.
  • the inoculum is deposited at the bottom of the aerosolization chamber and the pump of the device is started. The test lasts 15 minutes.
  • Table 2 shows the results obtained with a tube 2 having an end with a frustoconical internal surface making an angle of 135 ° with the filter 4.
  • Table 3 indicates the results obtained with a tube 2 having a straight end making an angle of 90 ° with the filter 4.

Abstract

The present invention concerns a device (1) for removing air contaminants, and more specifically a device intended to be used in an operating theatre. Said device (1) for removing air contaminants comprises a tube (2) of which one end (3) is blocked by the front face of a filter (4), said tube (2) further comprising openings (5) connected to a pump (6), upstream from said filter (4), characterised in that said end (3) has a frustoconical inner surface (7) of which the internal diameter reduces in the direction of said filter (4).

Description

DISPOSITIF DE PRELEVEMENT POUR CONTAMINANTS AERIENS  FEEDING DEVICE FOR AERIAL CONTAMINANTS
Domaine technique Technical area
La présente invention concerne un dispositif de prélèvement pour contaminants aériens, et plus particulièrement un dispositif destiné à être utilisé dans un bloc opératoire.  The present invention relates to a sampling device for airborne contaminants, and more particularly to a device intended to be used in an operating theater.
Technique antérieure Prior art
Les infections du site opératoire (ISO) sont l'une des complications les plus fréquentes et les plus graves pouvant survenir chez le patient opéré.  Surgical site infections (SSI) are one of the most common and serious complications that can occur in the operated patient.
Elles sont principalement liées à la contamination du site opératoire en période per-opératoire . Cette contamination peut provenir soit directement des berges opératoires, soit par sédimentation au niveau du site opératoire ou au niveau des instruments chirurgicaux de particules inertes en suspension dans l'air, particules porteuses de micro-organismes.  They are mainly related to the contamination of the operative site during the intraoperative period. This contamination can come either directly from the operating margins, or by sedimentation at the surgical site or at the level of the surgical instruments of inert particles suspended in the air, particles carrying micro-organisms.
A l'intérieur des locaux, l'homme est le principal producteur de microorganismes (et de particules) et l'on peut atteindre des valeurs de contamination extrêmement élevées (voir tableau 1). Plus l'activité s'accroît, plus 1 ' aérobiocontamination augmente, ce phénomène pouvant être plus ou moins masqué par l'importance de la ventilation et du renouvellement de l'air.  Man is the main producer of microorganisms (and particles) inside the premises and extremely high contamination values can be reached (see Table 1). The more the activity increases, the more the aerobiocontamination increases, this phenomenon can be more or less masked by the importance of ventilation and renewal of the air.
Tableau 1 Table 1
Emission de Activité  Issue of Activity
particules par  particles by
minute  minute
100 000 Sans activité : debout ou assis  100,000 No activity: standing or sitting
1 000 000 Mouvements importants debout ou  1,000,000 Large movements standing or
assis  seated
5 000 000 Marche à environ 3,5 km/h  5,000,000 Walk at about 3.5 km / h
10 000 000 Montée d'escalier  10,000,000 Climb of stairs
15 - 30 000 000 Exercice physique et jeux  15 - 30,000,000 Exercise and games
Dans une salle d'opération, le système de ventilation réduit significativement 1 ' aérobiocontamination selon son niveau de qualité exigé. Cependant, comme le rappelle les recommandations de la Société Française d'Hygiène Hospitalière : « L' aérobiocontamination constitue un danger potentiel pour les patients notamment dans certaines chirurgies . Les travaux de Lidwell en chirurgie orthopédique ont montré qu'il existait une corrélation entre la quantité de microorganismes présents dans l'air au moment de 1 ' intervention et le taux d' infections post¬ opératoires. Ces travaux et d'autres ont également mis en évidence que l'essentiel des micro-organismes constituant cette aérobiocontamination provient des personnes présentes en salle d'opération. » In an operating room, the ventilation system significantly reduces the aerobiocontamination according to its level of quality required. However, as recalls the recommendations of the French Society of Hospital Hygiene: "The aerobiocontamination constitutes a potential danger for the patients in particular in certain surgeries. The work of Lidwell in orthopedic surgery have shown a correlation between the amount of microorganisms present in the air at one intervention and the rate of infections post ¬ operative. This work and others have also shown that most of the micro-organisms that make up this aerobiocontamination come from people in the operating room. "
La relation entre la contamination particulaire de l'air et 1 ' aérobiocontamination n'est en fait pas constante et la charge bactérienne de l'air, pour un même niveau de contamination particulaire, peut varier selon l'origine des particules inertes : les particules issues de l'homme et émises lors de toute activité humaine sont plus lourdement chargées en micro-organismes et notamment en bactéries. Les micro-organismes responsables des infections du site opératoire (ISO) sont essentiellement les bactéries, dont la plus pathogène est le staphylocoque doré.  The relationship between particulate contamination of the air and aerobiocontamination is not in fact constant and the bacterial load of air, for the same level of particulate contamination, can vary according to the origin of the inert particles: the particles Man-derived and emitted during any human activity are more heavily loaded with micro-organisms and especially bacteria. The micro-organisms responsible for surgical site infections (ISO) are mainly bacteria, the most pathogenic of which is staphylococcus aureus.
Des études ont montré la relation entre la contamination des instruments chirurgicaux et des plaies, et leur durée d'exposition à l'air. Mais la part des infections nosocomiales liée à l'environnement hospitalier, et notamment à l'air, est encore mal connue.  Studies have shown the relationship between the contamination of surgical instruments and wounds, and their duration of exposure to air. But the share of nosocomial infections related to the hospital environment, including the air, is still poorly known.
Les contrôles de 1 ' aérobiocontamination sont presque exclusivement réalisés hors activité et très peu de données quantitatives (niveau d' aérobiocontamination) et qualitatives (natures des espèces bactériennes et/ou fungiques présentes) sont disponibles concernant la période per-opératoire . Néanmoins l'ultra-propreté (réduction au plus bas de la contamination particulaire et de 1 ' aérobiocontamination) est largement préconisée pour réduire l'incidence des ISO, notamment dans les chirurgies propres où le risque de contamination du site opératoire par les propres bactéries du patient opéré apparaît faible. Cette ultra-propreté repose sur un panel de mesures incluant : la maîtrise de l'air du bloc (filtration, surpression et flux), l'utilisation de non-tissés pour habiller les acteurs, et une rigueur importante des comportements de ces derniers (déplacements limités au strict minimum, pas d'entrée et de sortie de la salle, hygiène des mains, ...) . La surveillance deThe controls of the aerobiocontamination are almost exclusively carried out out of activity and very little quantitative data (level of aerobiocontamination) and qualitative data (natures of the bacterial and / or fungal species present) are available concerning the intraoperative period. Nevertheless, ultra-cleanliness (reduction to the lowest level of particulate contamination and Aerobiocontamination) is widely recommended to reduce the incidence of ISOs, especially in clean surgeries where the risk of contamination of the operative site by the patient's own bacteria is low. This ultra-cleanliness is based on a range of measures including: control of the air block (filtration, overpressure and flow), the use of non-woven to dress actors, and a rigorous behavior of the latter ( travel limited to the strict minimum, no entry and exit of the room, hand hygiene, ...). Monitoring
1 ' aérobiocontamination d'une salle d'opération dans un établissement de santé s'inscrit ainsi dans une stratégie globale de prévention des ISO. The aerobiocontamination of an operating room in a health facility is part of an overall prevention strategy for ISOs.
Dans ce contexte et face à l'évolution sociétale marquée par une mise en cause très fréquente des conditions de prise en charge des patients victimes d' infections nosocomiales , la mise en place de contrôles systématiques per-opératoires de la contamination aérienne au bloc opératoire représente un élément indispensable d'une stratégie globale d'assurance qualité.  In this context and in the face of societal changes marked by a very frequent questioning of the conditions of care for patients with nosocomial infections, the implementation of systematic intraoperative controls of airborne contamination in the operating theater represents an indispensable element of a global quality assurance strategy.
Il est très facile de mesurer en continu la teneur particulaire de l'air, soit par des méthodes gravimétriques (filtration et pesée du filtre) qui donnent des résultats en masse par unité de volume, soit par des méthodes de comptage, en particulier par passage devant un faisceau laser, qui permettent un tri granulométrique et fournissent des résultats en nombre de particules d'une taille donnée par unité de volume. Par contre, le suivi bactériologique de la contamination aérienne est plus complexe à obtenir et nécessite des délais.  It is very easy to continuously measure the particulate content of the air, either by gravimetric methods (filtration and weighing of the filter) which give results in mass per unit of volume, or by counting methods, in particular by passage in front of a laser beam, which allow granulometric sorting and provide results in number of particles of a given size per unit volume. On the other hand, the bacteriological monitoring of the aerial contamination is more complex to obtain and requires delays.
On connaît du document US5,855,652 un dispositif pour concentrer les contaminants aériens dans un liquide comprenant un tube dont l'une des extrémités est obturé par un filtre. Ledit dispositif comprend une pompe permettant de faire circuler l'air ambiant à travers ledit filtre. Ledit tube comprend en outre en amont du filtre des ouvertures permettant le passage d'un liquide permettant de recueillir les contaminants présents sur le filtre. Par ailleurs, l'extrémité dudit tube, obturé par le filtre, présente une forme tronconique dont le diamètre interne augmente en direction dudit tube. Document US Pat. No. 5,855,652 discloses a device for concentrating airborne contaminants in a liquid comprising a tube whose one end is closed by a filter. The device includes a pump for circulating ambient air through the filter. Said tube further comprises upstream of the filter openings for the passage of a liquid for collecting contaminants present on the filter. Furthermore, the end of said tube, closed by the filter, has a frustoconical shape whose inner diameter increases towards said tube.
Les dispositifs actuellement disponibles sur le marché sont des dispositifs conçus et utilisés exclusivement par les équipes opérationnelles d'hygiène ou les prestataires externes pour la qualification des salles qui est donc réalisée en dehors de toute activité humaine. Or il est clairement établi que la qualité de l'air observée hors activité ne permet pas de préjuger de cette qualité en activité (différence variant avec la nature du flux, le nombre d'intervenants dans la salle, la durée de l'intervention, les comportements de l'équipe chirurgicale notamment). Par ailleurs, il est toujours nécessaire d'obtenir des dispositifs dont le rendement (i.e. le pourcentage de micro-organismes recueillis) est supérieur à ceux de l'art antérieur.  The devices currently available on the market are devices designed and used exclusively by the operational hygiene teams or external service providers for the qualification of the rooms, which is therefore performed outside of any human activity. However, it is clearly established that the quality of the air observed outside activity does not make it possible to prejudge this quality in activity (difference varying with the nature of the flow, the number of speakers in the room, the duration of the intervention, the behaviors of the surgical team in particular). Moreover, it is still necessary to obtain devices whose efficiency (i.e. the percentage of microorganisms collected) is greater than those of the prior art.
Résumé de l'invention Summary of the invention
La présente invention concerne un dispositif de prélèvement de contaminants aériens comprenant un tube dont l'une des extrémités est obturée par la face avant d'un filtre, ledit tube comprenant en outre des ouvertures reliées à une pompe provoquant un flux d'air à travers ledit tube en direction de ladite pompe, en amont dudit filtre, remarquable en ce que ladite extrémité présente une surface interne tronconique dont le diamètre interne diminue en direction dudit filtre. Le déposant a démontré de manière surprenante que la circulation d'air induite par la présence de l'extrémité tronconique et par la présence des ouvertures, à travers lesquelles circulent l'air ambiant en provenance du milieu ambiant, en amont dudit filtre permet d'obtenir un rendement supérieur à ceux des dispositifs de l'art antérieur . The present invention relates to an air contaminants sampling device comprising a tube whose one end is closed by the front face of a filter, said tube further comprising openings connected to a pump causing a flow of air through said tube towards said pump, upstream of said filter, characterized in that said end has a frustoconical inner surface whose inner diameter decreases towards said filter. The applicant has surprisingly demonstrated that the air circulation induced by the presence of the frustoconical end and the presence of the openings, through which the ambient air circulates from the ambient environment, upstream of said filter allows obtain a higher yield than those of the devices of the prior art.
Lesdites ouvertures sont préférentiellement placées dans un même plan, parallèle audit filtre. Ledit plan est préférentiellement à une distance de 5 à 100 mm dudit filtre. Lesdites ouvertures ont préférentiellement une surface comprise entre 300 et 3000 mm2. Lesdites ouvertures sont préférentiellement réparties annulairement . Said openings are preferably placed in the same plane, parallel to said filter. Said plane is preferably at a distance of 5 to 100 mm from said filter. Said openings preferably have an area of between 300 and 3000 mm 2 . Said openings are preferentially distributed annularly.
Dans le cadre de la présente demande, le terme "contaminants aériens" fait préférentiellement référence aux bactéries.  In the context of the present application, the term "air contaminants" preferably refers to bacteria.
Dans le cadre de la présente demande, le terme « pompe » fait référence à tous les dispositifs capables de provoquer une dépression. Ladite dépression provoquant un flux d'air à travers ledit tube en direction de ladite pompe. Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, ladite pompe a un débit variable et selon un mode de réalisation encore plus préféré ladite pompe comprend les moyens permettant à un utilisateur de faire varier ledit débit. Selon un mode de réalisation tout à fait préféré, ladite pompe à un débit pouvant varier de 0.1 à 100 dm3/min .  In the context of the present application, the term "pump" refers to all devices capable of causing depression. Said depression causing a flow of air through said tube towards said pump. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said pump has a variable flow rate and according to an even more preferred embodiment said pump comprises the means allowing a user to vary said flow rate. According to a most preferred embodiment, said pump has a flow rate ranging from 0.1 to 100 dm3 / min.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, ledit filtre est en nitrocellulose . Les filtres en nitrocellulose sont bien connus de l'homme du métier et sont couramment utilisés pour filtrer et/ou stériliser les milieux biologiques .  According to a preferred embodiment, said filter is made of nitrocellulose. Nitrocellulose filters are well known to those skilled in the art and are commonly used to filter and / or sterilize biological media.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, ledit filtre a des pores de diamètre compris entre 0.05 et 10 ym. Selon un mode de réalisation tout à fait préféré ledit filtre a des pores dont le diamètre moyen est de 0.22ym. According to a preferred embodiment, said filter has pores with a diameter of between 0.05 and 10 μm. According to one quite preferred embodiment said filter has pores whose average diameter is 0.22 mm.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, ledit filtre a un diamètre compris entre 1 et 10 cm.  According to a preferred embodiment, said filter has a diameter of between 1 and 10 cm.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, ladite surface tronconique a une hauteur comprise entre 0.5 et 10 cm .  According to a preferred embodiment, said frustoconical surface has a height of between 0.5 and 10 cm.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, ladite surface interne tronconique forme, avec ledit filtre, un angle compris entre 120 et 150 °. Selon un mode de réalisation tout à fait préféré, ledit angle est compris entre 132 et 137 ° .  According to a preferred embodiment, said frustoconical inner surface forms, with said filter, an angle of between 120 and 150 °. According to a most preferred embodiment, said angle is between 132 and 137 °.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, la face arrière dudit filtre obture un conduit relié avec ladite pompe.  According to a preferred embodiment, the rear face of said filter closes a duct connected to said pump.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, ledit filtre est supporté par un barillet, monté en rotation autour d'un axe parallèle à l'axe longitudinal dudit tube. Selon un mode de réalisation encore plus préféré, ledit barillet supporte plusieurs filtres et le barillet est placé de telle sorte que sa rotation permet de placer successivement chacun desdits filtres en vis-à-vis de l'extrémité dudit tube. Le dispositif selon l'invention permet ainsi de recueillir des informations concernant la cinétique de la contamination aérienne et plus particulièrement l'historique per-opératoire de la contamination aérienne. Le cadencement du changement de séquence peut être soit régulier, soit lié à des événements significatifs (ex: induction anesthésique, incision cutanée, exérèse de pièce opératoire, mise en place d'implant ou de matériel, usage d'un bistouri électrique, suture...), soit lié à l'enregistrement des mouvements dans la salle opératoire, soit encore à une charge particulaire (en masse ou électrique) détectée par des capteurs connexes.  According to a preferred embodiment, said filter is supported by a barrel, mounted in rotation about an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of said tube. According to an even more preferred embodiment, said barrel supports a plurality of filters and the barrel is placed so that its rotation makes it possible successively to place each of said filters opposite the end of said tube. The device according to the invention thus makes it possible to collect information concerning the kinetics of aerial contamination and more particularly the intraoperative history of aerial contamination. The timing of the sequence change may be either regular or related to significant events (eg anesthetic induction, skin incision, excision of the operative specimen, placement of implant or material, use of an electrocautery, suture. ..), either related to the recording of movements in the operating room, or to a particulate load (mass or electric) detected by related sensors.
Selon un mode de réalisation tout à fait préféré, le dispositif selon l'invention comprend en outre un détecteur de mouvement capable de déclencher la rotation dudit barillet. According to a most preferred embodiment, the device according to the invention further comprises a motion detector capable of triggering rotation of said barrel.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation préféré, ledit filtre est supporté par un cadre plat, monté coulissant selon un axe perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinale dudit tube. Selon un mode de réalisation encore plus préféré, ledit cadre supporte plusieurs filtres et ledit cadre est placé de telle sorte que son coulissement permet de placer successivement chacun desdits filtres en vis-à-vis de l'extrémité dudit tube. Selon un mode de réalisation tout à fait préféré, le dispositif selon l'invention comprend en outre un détecteur de mouvement capable de déclencher le coulissement dudit cadre. According to another preferred embodiment, said filter is supported by a flat frame slidably mounted along an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said tube. According to an even more preferred embodiment, said frame supports a plurality of filters and said frame is placed so that its sliding makes it possible to successively place each of said filters opposite the end of said tube. According to a most preferred embodiment, the device according to the invention further comprises a motion detector capable of triggering the sliding of said frame.
Brève description des dessins Brief description of the drawings
La figure 1 présente une vue en coupe d'un mode de réalisation d'un dispositif selon l'invention.  Figure 1 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of a device according to the invention.
La figure 2 présente une vue de face d'un mode de réalisation d'un dispositif selon l'invention.  Figure 2 shows a front view of an embodiment of a device according to the invention.
La figure 3 présente une vue de face d'un autre mode de réalisation d'un dispositif selon l'invention.  Figure 3 shows a front view of another embodiment of a device according to the invention.
Description des modes de réalisation Description of the embodiments
En référence à la figure 1, le dispositif 1 selon l'invention comprend un tube 2 dont l'une des extrémités 3 est obturée par la face avant d'un filtre 4 en nitrocellulose ayant des pores d'un diamètre moyen de 0.22ym.  Referring to Figure 1, the device 1 according to the invention comprises a tube 2, one of the ends 3 is closed by the front face of a nitrocellulose filter 4 having pores with an average diameter of 0.22m.
Ledit tube 2 comprend en outre des ouvertures 5 reliées à une pompe 6, en amont dudit filtre 4. L'extrémité Said tube 2 further comprises openings 5 connected to a pump 6, upstream of said filter 4. The end
3, du tube 2, présente une surface interne tronconique 7 dont le diamètre interne diminue en direction dudit filtre3, of the tube 2, has a frustoconical internal surface 7 whose inner diameter decreases toward said filter
4. Ladite surface interne tronconique 7 forme, avec ledit filtre 4, un angle de 135 °. La face arrière dudit filtre 4 obture un conduit 8 relié avec la pompe 6. 4. Said frustoconical internal surface 7 forms, with said filter 4, an angle of 135 °. The rear face of said filter 4 closes a duct 8 connected with the pump 6.
En référence à la figure 2, les filtres 4 sont supportés par un barillet 9, monté en rotation autour d'un axe parallèle à l'axe longitudinal dudit tube 2. La rotation du barillet 9 permet de placer successivement chacun desdits filtres 4 en vis-à-vis de l'extrémité 3 dudit tube 2.  With reference to FIG. 2, the filters 4 are supported by a barrel 9, rotatably mounted about an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of said tube 2. The rotation of the barrel 9 makes it possible to successively place each of said four-screw filters 4 to the end 3 of said tube 2.
Ainsi, l'air aspiré par la pompe 6 va rentrer dans le tube 2 et circuler vers le conduit 8 et les ouvertures 5. Les contaminants sont donc mis en contact avec le filtre 4 de nitrocellulose sur lequel ils viennent se fixer. La présence de la surface tronconique et des ouvertures 5 permet d'améliorer la fixation des bactéries présentes dans l'air ambiant au niveau du filtre 4.  Thus, the air sucked by the pump 6 will enter the tube 2 and flow to the conduit 8 and the openings 5. The contaminants are therefore brought into contact with the nitrocellulose filter 4 on which they are attached. The presence of the frustoconical surface and the openings 5 makes it possible to improve the fixation of the bacteria present in the ambient air at the level of the filter 4.
A part le barillet 9 et le tube 2, le dispositif 1 est constitué de parties fixes destinées à être utilisé en salle à atmosphère contrôlée et disponibles pour essuyage avec des désinfectants.  Apart from the barrel 9 and the tube 2, the device 1 consists of fixed parts intended to be used in a controlled atmosphere room and available for wiping with disinfectants.
Ce barillet 9 joue le rôle de kit de conservation/transport des filtres 4 jusqu'à leur prise en charge par les techniciens du laboratoire. Le barillet 9 est un cylindre de trois millimètres d'épaisseur et d'environ 20 cm de diamètre, celui-ci étant percé de 12 alvéoles dans lesquelles seront placés les filtres 4 (diamètre de 4,5cm) . Chaque alvéole est dotée d'un fond amovible puis d'une grille, d'une partie libre pour l'emplacement de la membrane et enfin d'un couvercle amovible. Le barillet 9 est excentré par rapport au tube 2 et permet à chaque alvéole de passer en face de cette dernière pour la réalisation du prélèvement, prélèvement autorisé par l'ouverture automatique du fond et du couvercle de l'alvéole. Un tube 2 est disponible pour chaque intervention. Le barillet 9, permet la mise en place préalablement à l'intervention de plusieurs filtres 4. Le barillet 9 met en place (face au flux d'aspiration) pour chaque prélèvement un filtre 4. En fin d'intervention l'ensemble des filtres 4 est extrait du barillet 9. This barrel 9 acts as a kit for preservation / transport of filters 4 until their support by the laboratory technicians. The barrel 9 is a cylinder three millimeters thick and about 20 cm in diameter, the latter being pierced with 12 cells in which will be placed the filters 4 (diameter of 4.5 cm). Each cell has a removable bottom and a grid, a free portion for the location of the membrane and finally a removable cover. The barrel 9 is eccentric with respect to the tube 2 and allows each cell to pass in front of the latter for the realization of sampling, sampling authorized by the automatic opening of the bottom and the lid of the cell. A tube 2 is available for each intervention. The barrel 9 allows the introduction prior to the intervention of several filters 4. The barrel 9 sets up (facing the suction flow) for each sample a filter 4. At the end of the intervention all the filters 4 is extracted from the barrel 9.
La barillet 9 peut être remplacé par un cadre 10 plat, monté coulissant selon un axe perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinale dudit tube.  The barrel 9 may be replaced by a flat frame 10 slidably mounted along an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said tube.
Avantageusement, le dispositif 1 selon l'invention comprend en outre un logiciel de pilotage permettant le déclenchement de la rotation du barillet 9, du coulissement du cadre 10 et/ou de la vitesse d'aspiration de la pompe. Ce logiciel peut appliquer des programmes prédéfinis. Le dispositif 1 peut également comprendre un détecteur de mouvement et/ou un capteur de pression émettant des informations transmises au logiciel de pilotage. Dans ce cas, le logiciel de pilotage pourra déclencher la rotation du barillet 9 ou le coulissement du cadre 10 en fonction d'événements non-programmés mais qui peuvent être à l'origine de l'émission de nombreux contaminants. Les informations telles que la vitesse d'aspiration de la pompe 6, la date de rotation du barillet et les informations recueillies par le détecteur de mouvement pourront être également stockées par le logiciel de pilotage.  Advantageously, the device 1 according to the invention further comprises a control software for triggering the rotation of the barrel 9, the sliding of the frame 10 and / or the suction speed of the pump. This software can apply predefined programs. The device 1 may also comprise a motion detector and / or a pressure sensor transmitting information transmitted to the control software. In this case, the control software can trigger the rotation of the barrel 9 or the sliding of the frame 10 according to non-programmed events but which can be the source of the emission of many contaminants. Information such as the suction speed of the pump 6, the date of rotation of the barrel and the information collected by the motion detector can also be stored by the control software.
Expérience Experience
Afin d'analyser la capacité du dispositif 1 selon l'invention à capter les contaminants aériens, un dispositif 1 a été relié à une chambre d' aérosolisation, contenant un contaminant bactérien, placée en amont du tube 2.  In order to analyze the capacity of the device 1 according to the invention to capture the air contaminants, a device 1 has been connected to an aerosolization chamber, containing a bacterial contaminant, placed upstream of the tube 2.
L'expérience a été effectuée pour différents vitesses d'aspiration et en comparant le dispositif décrit à la figure 1 à un dispositif dont le tube 2 ne comprend pas une extrémité 3 avec une surface interne tronconique. Lors de l'expérience, les bactéries récoltées au niveau du filtre 4, des ouvertures 6 et du conduit 8 ont été comptées. Nettoyage de l'appareil The experiment was carried out for different suction speeds and comparing the device described in FIG. 1 to a device whose tube 2 does not include a end 3 with a frustoconical inner surface. During the experiment, the bacteria harvested at the level of the filter 4, the openings 6 and the conduit 8 were counted. Cleaning the device
Avant chaque essai, l'appareil ainsi que la chambre d' aérosolisation sont désinfectés. Les parties amovibles sont trempées pendant 15 minutes dans un bain d'Aniosurf premium®. Les tuyaux sont nettoyés à l'aide d'une seringue et séchés via de l'air comprimé sec. Les parties fixes sont désinfectées à l'aide de lingettes.  Before each test, the apparatus and the aerosolization chamber are disinfected. The removable parts are soaked for 15 minutes in an Aniosurf® premium bath. The pipes are cleaned with a syringe and dried with dry compressed air. Fixed parts are disinfected using wipes.
Inoculum bactérien Bacterial inoculum
La souche bactérienne utilisée pendant ce test est le Staphyloccocus aureus : CIP 7625/ ATCC : 25923.  The bacterial strain used during this test is Staphylococcus aureus: CIP 7625 / ATCC: 25923.
L' inoculum bactérien est constitué de 10011 d'une suspension bactérienne titrée à environ 104 UFC /ml. Cet inoculum est ajouté à 0,5g de talc stérile et l'ensemble est trituré au mortier puis séché pendant 40 minutes à 37°C.  The bacterial inoculum consists of 100% of a bacterial suspension titrated at about 104 CFU / ml. This inoculum is added to 0.5 g of sterile talc and the whole is triturated with the mortar and then dried for 40 minutes at 37 ° C.
Aérosolisation aerosolization
L' inoculum est déposé en fond de la chambre d' aérosolisation et la pompe du dispositif est démarrée. L'essai dure 15 minutes.  The inoculum is deposited at the bottom of the aerosolization chamber and the pump of the device is started. The test lasts 15 minutes.
Résultats Results
Les premiers résultats sont donnés ci-dessous sous la forme de deux tableaux. Le tableau 2 indique les résultats obtenus avec un tube 2 présentant une extrémité avec une surface interne tronconique faisant un angle de 135° avec le filtre 4. Le tableau 3 indique les résultats obtenus avec un tube 2 présentant une extrémité droite faisant un angle de 90° avec le filtre 4.  The first results are given below in the form of two tables. Table 2 shows the results obtained with a tube 2 having an end with a frustoconical internal surface making an angle of 135 ° with the filter 4. Table 3 indicates the results obtained with a tube 2 having a straight end making an angle of 90 ° with the filter 4.
Tableau 2 Table 2
Aval Amont Filtre vitesse  Downstream Amont Speed filter
12 7 128 245 Aval Amont Filtre vitesse 12 7 128 245 Downstream Amont Speed filter
2 4 198 245  2 4 198 245
Moyenne 7 5,5 163 245  Average 7,5,5 163,245
Pourcentag 93% 245  Percentage 93% 245
0 360 312 0 360 312
1 115 312  1,115,312
Moyenne 0,5 237, 5 312  Average 0.5 237, 5,312
Pourcentag 0, 10s, 98, 80% 312 Percentage 0, 10 s , 98, 80% 312
51 11 302 384 51 11 302 384
152 32 247 384  152 32 247 384
Moyenne 101,5 21,5 274,5 384  Average 101.5 21.5 274.5 384
Pourcentag 25,50% 5,50% 70% 384  Percentage 25.50% 5.50% 70% 384
Tableau 3 Table 3
Aval Amont Filtre vitesse  Downstream Amont Speed filter
134 14 530 260  134 14 530 260
362 66 570 260  362 66 570 260
Moyenne 248 20 550 260  Average 248 20 550 260
Pourcentag 30,50 2,50% 67% 260  Percentage 30.50 2.50% 67% 260
360 36 480 312 360 36 480 312
391 62 370 312  391 62 370 312
Moyenne 375, 5 49 410 312  Average 375, 5 49 410 312
Pourcentag 44% 50% 312  Percentage 44% 50% 312
43 173 380 43,173,380
162 61 328 380  162 61 328 380
Moyenne 125 52 250,5 380  Average 125 52 250.5 380
Pourcentag 30% 12, 40i 58, 60% 380  Percentage 30% 12, 40% 58, 60% 380
Les résultats observés montrent que la sensibilité du dispositif selon l'invention est largement supérieure à un dispositif où l'extrémité 3 du tube 2 ne comprend pas de surface interne tronconique. The results observed show that the sensitivity of the device according to the invention is much greater than a device where the end 3 of the tube 2 does not comprise a frustoconical internal surface.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 - Dispositif (1) de prélèvement de contaminants aériens comprenant un tube 1 - Device (1) for sampling airborne contaminants comprising a tube
(2) dont l'une des extrémités(2) one of whose ends
(3) est obturée par la face avant d'un filtre (4), ledit tube (2) comprenant en outre des ouvertures (5) reliées à une pompe (6) provoquant un flux d'air à travers ledit tube (2) en direction de ladite pompe (6), en amont dudit filtre(3) is closed by the front face of a filter (4), said tube (2) further comprising openings (5) connected to a pump (6) causing a flow of air through said tube (2) towards said pump (6), upstream of said filter
(4) , caractérisé en ce que ladite extrémité (3) présente une surface interne tronconique (7) dont le diamètre interne diminue en direction dudit filtre (4) . (4), characterized in that said end (3) has a frustoconical internal surface (7) whose internal diameter decreases in the direction of said filter (4).
2 - Dispositif (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que ledit filtre (4) est en nitrocellulose. 3 - Dispositif (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que ledit filtre (4) a des pores de diamètre compris entre 0.05 et 10 ym. 2 - Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that said filter (4) is made of nitrocellulose. 3 - Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that said filter (4) has pores with a diameter of between 0.05 and 10 μm.
4 - Dispositif (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que ledit filtre (4) a un diamètre compris entre 5 et 100 mm. 4 - Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that said filter (4) has a diameter of between 5 and 100 mm.
5 - Dispositif (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que ladite surface tronconique a une hauteur comprise entre 1 et 10 cm. 5 - Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that said frustoconical surface has a height of between 1 and 10 cm.
6 - Dispositif (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que ladite surface interne tronconique (7) forme, avec ledit filtre (4), un angle compris entre 120 et 150 °. 7 - Dispositif (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la face arrière dudit filtre (4) obture un conduit (8) relié avec la pompe (6) . 8 - Dispositif (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que ledit filtre (4) est supporté par un barillet (9), monté en rotation autour d'un axe parallèle à l'axe longitudinal dudit tube (2) . 9 - Dispositif (1) selon la revendication précédente caractérisé en ce que ledit barillet (9) supporte plusieurs filtres (4) et en ce que le barillet est placé de telle sorte que sa rotation permet de placer successivement chacun desdits filtres (4) en vis-à-vis de l'extrémité (3) dudit tube (2 ) . 6 - Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that said frustoconical internal surface (7) forms, with said filter (4), an angle of between 120 and 150°. 7 - Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the rear face of said filter (4) closes a conduit (8) connected to the pump (6). 8 - Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that said filter (4) is supported by a barrel (9), mounted to rotate around an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of said tube (2) . 9 - Device (1) according to the preceding claim characterized in that said barrel (9) supports several filters (4) and in that the barrel is placed in such a way that its rotation makes it possible to successively place each of said filters (4) in opposite the end (3) of said tube (2).
10 - Dispositif (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce qu' il comprend en outre un détecteur de mouvement capable de déclencher la rotation dudit barillet. 10 - Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that it further comprises a motion detector capable of triggering the rotation of said barrel.
PCT/FR2013/052396 2012-10-08 2013-10-08 Removal device for air contaminants WO2014057211A1 (en)

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FR1259569A FR2996642B1 (en) 2012-10-08 2012-10-08 FEEDING DEVICE FOR AERIAL CONTAMINANTS

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US5717147A (en) * 1996-08-22 1998-02-10 Rupprecht & Patashnick Company, Inc. Air sampler filter cassette carrier
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