WO2016079332A1 - Gel formulations for improving immunotherapy - Google Patents
Gel formulations for improving immunotherapy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016079332A1 WO2016079332A1 PCT/EP2015/077285 EP2015077285W WO2016079332A1 WO 2016079332 A1 WO2016079332 A1 WO 2016079332A1 EP 2015077285 W EP2015077285 W EP 2015077285W WO 2016079332 A1 WO2016079332 A1 WO 2016079332A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- use according
- alkanyl
- group
- substituted
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 356
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 title description 112
- 238000009169 immunotherapy Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000009851 immunogenic response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 IC-31 Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 116
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 45
- 229940046168 CpG oligodeoxynucleotide Drugs 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002872 contrast media Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000001959 radiotherapy Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N beta-maltose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-galactosamine Natural products NC1C(O)OC(CO)C(O)C1O MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 241000276498 Pollachius virens Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 18
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 18
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-D-glucopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N Trehalose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- BUROJSBIWGDYCN-GAUTUEMISA-N AP 23573 Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](OP(C)(C)=O)[C@H](OC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]2CCCCN2C(=O)C(=O)[C@](O)(O2)[C@H](C)CC[C@H]2C[C@H](OC)/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@H](OC)[C@H](O)/C(C)=C/[C@@H](C)C(=O)C1 BUROJSBIWGDYCN-GAUTUEMISA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N alpha,alpha-trehalose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- BXNMTOQRYBFHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N resiquimod Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(N(C(COCC)=N3)CC(C)(C)O)C3=C(N)N=C21 BXNMTOQRYBFHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229960001302 ridaforolimus Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 229960002442 glucosamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- DOUYETYNHWVLEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N imiquimod Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C3N(CC(C)C)C=NC3=C(N)N=C21 DOUYETYNHWVLEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-ZQSKZDJDSA-N raffinose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)O1 MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-ZQSKZDJDSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012879 PET imaging Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000004043 trisaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- YOVVNQKCSKSHKT-HNNXBMFYSA-N (2s)-1-[4-[[2-(2-aminopyrimidin-5-yl)-7-methyl-4-morpholin-4-ylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-hydroxypropan-1-one Chemical compound C1CN(C(=O)[C@@H](O)C)CCN1CC1=C(C)C2=NC(C=3C=NC(N)=NC=3)=NC(N3CCOCC3)=C2S1 YOVVNQKCSKSHKT-HNNXBMFYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-IVMDWMLBSA-N 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose Chemical compound N[C@H]1C(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-IVMDWMLBSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-RMMQSMQOSA-N Raffinose Natural products O(C[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@]2(CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O1)[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-RMMQSMQOSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N UNPD196149 Natural products OC1C(O)C(CO)OC1(CO)OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(COC2C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O2)O)O1 MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- MYSWGUAQZAJSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ciprofloxacin Chemical compound C12=CC(N3CCNCC3)=C(F)C=C2C(=O)C(C(=O)O)=CN1C1CC1 MYSWGUAQZAJSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- UXXQOJXBIDBUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tandutinib Chemical compound COC1=CC2=C(N3CCN(CC3)C(=O)NC=3C=CC(OC(C)C)=CC=3)N=CN=C2C=C1OCCCN1CCCCC1 UXXQOJXBIDBUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229960002751 imiquimod Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- UHTHHESEBZOYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N vandetanib Chemical compound COC1=CC(C(/N=CN2)=N/C=3C(=CC(Br)=CC=3)F)=C2C=C1OCC1CCN(C)CC1 UHTHHESEBZOYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- ZBNZXTGUTAYRHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dasatinib Chemical compound C=1C(N2CCN(CCO)CC2)=NC(C)=NC=1NC(S1)=NC=C1C(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1Cl ZBNZXTGUTAYRHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- HKVAMNSJSFKALM-GKUWKFKPSA-N Everolimus Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](OCCO)[C@H](OC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]2CCCCN2C(=O)C(=O)[C@](O)(O2)[C@H](C)CC[C@H]2C[C@H](OC)/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@H](OC)[C@H](O)/C(C)=C/[C@@H](C)C(=O)C1 HKVAMNSJSFKALM-GKUWKFKPSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001506 immunosuppresive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- HHZIURLSWUIHRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nilotinib Chemical compound C1=NC(C)=CN1C1=CC(NC(=O)C=2C=C(NC=3N=C(C=CN=3)C=3C=NC=CC=3)C(C)=CC=2)=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 HHZIURLSWUIHRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- CBPNZQVSJQDFBE-FUXHJELOSA-N Temsirolimus Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](OC(=O)C(C)(CO)CO)[C@H](OC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]2CCCCN2C(=O)C(=O)[C@](O)(O2)[C@H](C)CC[C@H]2C[C@H](OC)/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@H](OC)[C@H](O)/C(C)=C/[C@@H](C)C(=O)C1 CBPNZQVSJQDFBE-FUXHJELOSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OMZCMEYTWSXEPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N canertinib Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(F)=CC=C1NC1=NC=NC2=CC(OCCCN3CCOCC3)=C(NC(=O)C=C)C=C12 OMZCMEYTWSXEPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- YLMAHDNUQAMNNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N imatinib methanesulfonate Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O.C1CN(C)CCN1CC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC=2C=C(NC=3N=C(C=CN=3)C=3C=NC=CC=3)C(C)=CC=2)C=C1 YLMAHDNUQAMNNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 claims description 9
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- QFJCIRLUMZQUOT-HPLJOQBZSA-N sirolimus Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](O)[C@H](OC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]2CCCCN2C(=O)C(=O)[C@](O)(O2)[C@H](C)CC[C@H]2C[C@H](OC)/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@H](OC)[C@H](O)/C(C)=C/[C@@H](C)C(=O)C1 QFJCIRLUMZQUOT-HPLJOQBZSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229960000241 vandetanib Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005517 L01XE01 - Imatinib Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002147 L01XE04 - Sunitinib Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002067 L01XE06 - Dasatinib Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005536 L01XE08 - Nilotinib Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960002448 dasatinib Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960005167 everolimus Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002519 immonomodulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- DOEWDSDBFRHVAP-KRXBUXKQSA-N (E)-3-tosylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)\C=C\C#N)C=C1 DOEWDSDBFRHVAP-KRXBUXKQSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YEAHTLOYHVWAKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxy-3-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methoxy]benzo[c]chromen-6-one Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1COC(C(=C1)OC)=CC2=C1C1=CC=C(C(C)O)C=C1C(=O)O2 YEAHTLOYHVWAKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WDPYZTKOEFDTCU-WDJQFAPHSA-N Dexamethasone palmitate Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O WDPYZTKOEFDTCU-WDJQFAPHSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 102100039620 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 101000763579 Homo sapiens Toll-like receptor 1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003798 L01XE11 - Pazopanib Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000012064 NLR Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 108091005686 NOD-like receptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 102100027010 Toll-like receptor 1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229950002826 canertinib Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- KQJSQWZMSAGSHN-JJWQIEBTSA-N celastrol Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@]2(C)CC[C@@]34C)[C@](C)(C(O)=O)CC[C@]1(C)CC[C@]2(C)C4=CC=C1C3=CC(=O)C(O)=C1C KQJSQWZMSAGSHN-JJWQIEBTSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960003405 ciprofloxacin Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229950000812 dexamethasone palmitate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- GTTBEUCJPZQMDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N erlotinib hydrochloride Chemical compound [H+].[Cl-].C=12C=C(OCCOC)C(OCCOC)=CC2=NC=NC=1NC1=CC=CC(C#C)=C1 GTTBEUCJPZQMDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N hydrocortisone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CGIGDMFJXJATDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indomethacin Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(O)=O)C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2N1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 CGIGDMFJXJATDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960003350 isoniazid Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- QRXWMOHMRWLFEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoniazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 QRXWMOHMRWLFEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940035032 monophosphoryl lipid a Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- DAZSWUUAFHBCGE-KRWDZBQOSA-N n-[(2s)-3-methyl-1-oxo-1-pyrrolidin-1-ylbutan-2-yl]-3-phenylpropanamide Chemical compound N([C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N1CCCC1)C(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 DAZSWUUAFHBCGE-KRWDZBQOSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CUIHSIWYWATEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pazopanib Chemical compound C1=CC2=C(C)N(C)N=C2C=C1N(C)C(N=1)=CC=NC=1NC1=CC=C(C)C(S(N)(=O)=O)=C1 CUIHSIWYWATEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960000688 pomalidomide Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- UVSMNLNDYGZFPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pomalidomide Chemical compound O=C1C=2C(N)=CC=CC=2C(=O)N1C1CCC(=O)NC1=O UVSMNLNDYGZFPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZAHRKKWIAAJSAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N rapamycin Natural products COCC(O)C(=C/C(C)C(=O)CC(OC(=O)C1CCCCN1C(=O)C(=O)C2(O)OC(CC(OC)C(=CC=CC=CC(C)CC(C)C(=O)C)C)CCC2C)C(C)CC3CCC(O)C(C3)OC)C ZAHRKKWIAAJSAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OAKGNIRUXAZDQF-TXHRRWQRSA-N retaspimycin Chemical compound N1C(=O)\C(C)=C\C=C/[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC(N)=O)\C(C)=C\[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C[C@H](C)CC2=C(O)C1=CC(O)=C2NCC=C OAKGNIRUXAZDQF-TXHRRWQRSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960001225 rifampicin Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960002530 sargramostim Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010038379 sargramostim Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- BTIHMVBBUGXLCJ-OAHLLOKOSA-N seliciclib Chemical compound C=12N=CN(C(C)C)C2=NC(N[C@@H](CO)CC)=NC=1NCC1=CC=CC=C1 BTIHMVBBUGXLCJ-OAHLLOKOSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960002930 sirolimus Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960000235 temsirolimus Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- VDCRFBBZFHHYGT-IOSLPCCCSA-N 2-amino-9-[(2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-7-prop-2-enyl-3h-purine-6,8-dione Chemical compound O=C1N(CC=C)C=2C(=O)NC(N)=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O VDCRFBBZFHHYGT-IOSLPCCCSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- NFYMGJSUKCDVJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propyl-[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(SC(CCC)=N3)C3=C(N)N=C21 NFYMGJSUKCDVJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000002689 Toll-like receptor Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 108020000411 Toll-like receptor Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- UREBDLICKHMUKA-DVTGEIKXSA-N betamethasone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CO)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O UREBDLICKHMUKA-DVTGEIKXSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013170 computed tomography imaging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000799 fluorescence microscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002337 glycosamines Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229950005634 loxoribine Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- LBWFXVZLPYTWQI-IPOVEDGCSA-N n-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-5-[(z)-(5-fluoro-2-oxo-1h-indol-3-ylidene)methyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1h-pyrrole-3-carboxamide;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.CCN(CC)CCNC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(\C=C/2C3=CC(F)=CC=C3NC\2=O)=C1C LBWFXVZLPYTWQI-IPOVEDGCSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WVUNYSQLFKLYNI-AATRIKPKSA-N pelitinib Chemical compound C=12C=C(NC(=O)\C=C\CN(C)C)C(OCC)=CC2=NC=C(C#N)C=1NC1=CC=C(F)C(Cl)=C1 WVUNYSQLFKLYNI-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002428 photodynamic therapy Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002603 single-photon emission computed tomography Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- UEJJHQNACJXSKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)N1C1CCC(=O)NC1=O UEJJHQNACJXSKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-GASJEMHNSA-N 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose Chemical compound N[C@H]1C(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N D-mannopyranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000006992 Interferon-alpha Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010047761 Interferon-alpha Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005511 L01XE05 - Sorafenib Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000031737 Tissue Adhesions Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960002537 betamethasone Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- GXJABQQUPOEUTA-RDJZCZTQSA-N bortezomib Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)B(O)O)NC(=O)C=1N=CC=NC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 GXJABQQUPOEUTA-RDJZCZTQSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MVCOAUNKQVWQHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N doramapimod Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N1C(NC(=O)NC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C(OCCN3CCOCC3)=CC=2)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=N1 MVCOAUNKQVWQHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XGALLCVXEZPNRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N gefitinib Chemical compound C=12C=C(OCCCN3CCOCC3)C(OC)=CC2=NC=NC=1NC1=CC=C(F)C(Cl)=C1 XGALLCVXEZPNRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002303 glucose derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002874 hemostatic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229950000038 interferon alfa Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960001346 nilotinib Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960004618 prednisone Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N prednisone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IVDHYUQIDRJSTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N sorafenib tosylate Chemical compound [H+].CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1.C1=NC(C(=O)NC)=CC(OC=2C=CC(NC(=O)NC=3C=C(C(Cl)=CC=3)C(F)(F)F)=CC=2)=C1 IVDHYUQIDRJSTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WINHZLLDWRZWRT-ATVHPVEESA-N sunitinib Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCNC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(\C=C/2C3=CC(F)=CC=C3NC\2=O)=C1C WINHZLLDWRZWRT-ATVHPVEESA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960001796 sunitinib Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004044 tetrasaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960003433 thalidomide Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000015 thermotherapy Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- DFBIRQPKNDILPW-LKUXBXJISA-N (1S,2S,4S,5R,7S,8R,9S,11R,13R)-8-hydroxy-1-methyl-7-propan-2-yl-3,6,10,16-tetraoxaheptacyclo[11.7.0.02,4.02,9.05,7.09,11.014,18]icos-14(18)-en-17-one Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@]12O[C@@H]1[C@@H]1O[C@]11[C@]3(O[C@@H]3C[C@@H]3C4=C(CC[C@]13C)C(=O)OC4)[C@@H]2O DFBIRQPKNDILPW-LKUXBXJISA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KQJSQWZMSAGSHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (9beta,13alpha,14beta,20alpha)-3-hydroxy-9,13-dimethyl-2-oxo-24,25,26-trinoroleana-1(10),3,5,7-tetraen-29-oic acid Natural products CC12CCC3(C)C4CC(C)(C(O)=O)CCC4(C)CCC3(C)C2=CC=C2C1=CC(=O)C(O)=C2C KQJSQWZMSAGSHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000040650 (ribonucleotides)n+m Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- VQFKFAKEUMHBLV-BYSUZVQFSA-N 1-O-(alpha-D-galactosyl)-N-hexacosanoylphytosphingosine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC)CO[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O VQFKFAKEUMHBLV-BYSUZVQFSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FUFLCEKSBBHCMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-dehydrocorticosterone Natural products O=C1CCC2(C)C3C(=O)CC(C)(C(CC4)C(=O)CO)C4C3CCC2=C1 FUFLCEKSBBHCMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MPDGHEJMBKOTSU-YKLVYJNSSA-N 18beta-glycyrrhetic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1C2=CC(=O)[C@H]34)[C@@](C)(C(O)=O)CC[C@]1(C)CC[C@@]2(C)[C@]4(C)CC[C@@H]1[C@]3(C)CC[C@H](O)C1(C)C MPDGHEJMBKOTSU-YKLVYJNSSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VHVPQPYKVGDNFY-DFMJLFEVSA-N 2-[(2r)-butan-2-yl]-4-[4-[4-[4-[[(2r,4s)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy]phenyl]piperazin-1-yl]phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-one Chemical compound O=C1N([C@H](C)CC)N=CN1C1=CC=C(N2CCN(CC2)C=2C=CC(OC[C@@H]3O[C@](CN4N=CN=C4)(OC3)C=3C(=CC(Cl)=CC=3)Cl)=CC=2)C=C1 VHVPQPYKVGDNFY-DFMJLFEVSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZXBCLVSLRUWISJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)imidazo[4,5-c][1,5]naphthyridin-4-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC2=C3N(CC(C)C)C(C)=NC3=C(N)N=C21 ZXBCLVSLRUWISJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FGTCROZDHDSNIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-quinolinylmethylamino)-N-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2-thiophenecarboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)C1=C(NCC=2C3=CC=CC=C3N=CC=2)C=CS1 FGTCROZDHDSNIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RHKWIGHJGOEUSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-imidazo[4,5-h]quinoline Chemical class C1=CN=C2C(N=CN3)=C3C=CC2=C1 RHKWIGHJGOEUSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XXJWYDDUDKYVKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)oxy]-6-methoxy-7-[3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)propoxy]quinazoline Chemical compound COC1=CC2=C(OC=3C(=C4C=C(C)NC4=CC=3)F)N=CN=C2C=C1OCCCN1CCCC1 XXJWYDDUDKYVKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IEKLVCVEJCEIJD-UYXSPTSISA-N 4-[2-[(8s,9r,10s,11s,13s,14s,16s,17r)-9-fluoro-11,17-dihydroxy-10,13,16-trimethyl-3-oxo-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-oxoethoxy]-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)COC(=O)CCC(O)=O)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O IEKLVCVEJCEIJD-UYXSPTSISA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WZRJTRPJURQBRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-amino-n-(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide;5-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound O1C(C)=CC(NS(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=N1.COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(CC=2C(=NC(N)=NC=2)N)=C1 WZRJTRPJURQBRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100036009 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- TZYVRXZQAWPIAB-FCLHUMLKSA-N 5-amino-3-[(2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-4h-[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine-2,7-dione Chemical compound O=C1SC=2C(=O)NC(N)=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O TZYVRXZQAWPIAB-FCLHUMLKSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZIQFYVPVJZEOFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2-{[3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]amino}-8-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8h)-one Chemical compound N=1C=C2C=C(C=3C(=CC=CC=3Cl)Cl)C(=O)N(C)C2=NC=1NC1=CC=CC(CO)=C1 ZIQFYVPVJZEOFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MYYIMZRZXIQBGI-HVIRSNARSA-N 6alpha-Fluoroprednisolone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3C[C@H](F)C2=C1 MYYIMZRZXIQBGI-HVIRSNARSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010042708 Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100026882 Alpha-synuclein Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000036975 Ambrosia artemisiifolia Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003129 Ambrosia artemisiifolia var elatior Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- APKFDSVGJQXUKY-KKGHZKTASA-N Amphotericin-B Natural products O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1C=CC=CC=CC=CC=CC=CC=C[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 APKFDSVGJQXUKY-KKGHZKTASA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010004586 Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 108091008875 B cell receptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- CIUUIPMOFZIWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bropirimine Chemical compound NC1=NC(O)=C(Br)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 CIUUIPMOFZIWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VOVIALXJUBGFJZ-KWVAZRHASA-N Budesonide Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H]3OC(CCC)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O VOVIALXJUBGFJZ-KWVAZRHASA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005461 Canertinib Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 101100507655 Canis lupus familiaris HSPA1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010020326 Caspofungin Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- AQKDBFWJOPNOKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Celastrol Natural products CC12CCC3(C)C4CC(C)(C(O)=O)CCC4(C)CCC3(C)C2=CC=C2C1=CC(=O)C(=O)C2C AQKDBFWJOPNOKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000000844 Cell Surface Receptors Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010001857 Cell Surface Receptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- OMFXVFTZEKFJBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Corticosterone Natural products O=C1CCC2(C)C3C(O)CC(C)(C(CC4)C(=O)CO)C4C3CCC2=C1 OMFXVFTZEKFJBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MFYSYFVPBJMHGN-ZPOLXVRWSA-N Cortisone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 MFYSYFVPBJMHGN-ZPOLXVRWSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MFYSYFVPBJMHGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cortisone Natural products O=C1CCC2(C)C3C(=O)CC(C)(C(CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)C4C3CCC2=C1 MFYSYFVPBJMHGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010024986 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010025464 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100032857 Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 101710106279 Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100036239 Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100036252 Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- WYQPLTPSGFELIB-JTQPXKBDSA-N Difluprednate Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(F)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@@](C(=O)COC(C)=O)(OC(=O)CCC)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O WYQPLTPSGFELIB-JTQPXKBDSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XPOQHMRABVBWPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Efavirenz Natural products O1C(=O)NC2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2C1(C(F)(F)F)C#CC1CC1 XPOQHMRABVBWPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010040721 Flagellin Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- WJOHZNCJWYWUJD-IUGZLZTKSA-N Fluocinonide Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(F)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O WJOHZNCJWYWUJD-IUGZLZTKSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- POPFMWWJOGLOIF-XWCQMRHXSA-N Flurandrenolide Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O POPFMWWJOGLOIF-XWCQMRHXSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IECPWNUMDGFDKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fusicsaeure Natural products C12C(O)CC3C(=C(CCC=C(C)C)C(O)=O)C(OC(C)=O)CC3(C)C1(C)CCC1C2(C)CCC(O)C1C IECPWNUMDGFDKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000001267 GSK3 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108060006662 GSK3 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- CEAZRRDELHUEMR-URQXQFDESA-N Gentamicin Chemical compound O1[C@H](C(C)NC)CC[C@@H](N)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](NC)[C@@](C)(O)CO2)O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1N CEAZRRDELHUEMR-URQXQFDESA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930182566 Gentamicin Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- MPDGHEJMBKOTSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycyrrhetinsaeure Natural products C12C(=O)C=C3C4CC(C)(C(O)=O)CCC4(C)CCC3(C)C1(C)CCC1C2(C)CCC(O)C1(C)C MPDGHEJMBKOTSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MUQNGPZZQDCDFT-JNQJZLCISA-N Halcinonide Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CCl)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O MUQNGPZZQDCDFT-JNQJZLCISA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100034051 Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000783681 Homo sapiens 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000834898 Homo sapiens Alpha-synuclein Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000967216 Homo sapiens Eosinophil cationic protein Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101001016865 Homo sapiens Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101001011382 Homo sapiens Interferon regulatory factor 3 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000983747 Homo sapiens MHC class II transactivator Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000611936 Homo sapiens Programmed cell death protein 1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000712530 Homo sapiens RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101001012157 Homo sapiens Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101001109137 Homo sapiens Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000932478 Homo sapiens Receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000733257 Homo sapiens Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 28 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000652359 Homo sapiens Spermatogenesis-associated protein 2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000595548 Homo sapiens TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000763537 Homo sapiens Toll-like receptor 10 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000831567 Homo sapiens Toll-like receptor 2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000831496 Homo sapiens Toll-like receptor 3 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000669447 Homo sapiens Toll-like receptor 4 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000669460 Homo sapiens Toll-like receptor 5 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000669406 Homo sapiens Toll-like receptor 6 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000669402 Homo sapiens Toll-like receptor 7 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000800483 Homo sapiens Toll-like receptor 8 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000997835 Homo sapiens Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000997832 Homo sapiens Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000934996 Homo sapiens Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK3 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000851018 Homo sapiens Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000851007 Homo sapiens Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000851030 Homo sapiens Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010020843 Hyperthermia Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100029843 Interferon regulatory factor 3 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010002350 Interleukin-2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000000588 Interleukin-2 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- JUZNIMUFDBIJCM-ANEDZVCMSA-N Invanz Chemical compound O=C([C@H]1NC[C@H](C1)SC=1[C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@H](C(N2C=1C(O)=O)=O)[C@H](O)C)NC1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 JUZNIMUFDBIJCM-ANEDZVCMSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010055717 JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000019145 JUN kinase activity proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005551 L01XE03 - Erlotinib Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002118 L01XE12 - Vandetanib Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000222722 Leishmania <genus> Species 0.000 claims description 3
- GSDSWSVVBLHKDQ-JTQLQIEISA-N Levofloxacin Chemical compound C([C@@H](N1C2=C(C(C(C(O)=O)=C1)=O)C=C1F)C)OC2=C1N1CCN(C)CC1 GSDSWSVVBLHKDQ-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100026371 MHC class II transactivator Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 101150053046 MYD88 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- GZENKSODFLBBHQ-ILSZZQPISA-N Medrysone Chemical compound C([C@@]12C)CC(=O)C=C1[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@@H](C(C)=O)CC[C@H]21 GZENKSODFLBBHQ-ILSZZQPISA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000018697 Membrane Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010052285 Membrane Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100026888 Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 101100481579 Mus musculus Tlr11 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101100481580 Mus musculus Tlr12 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101100481581 Mus musculus Tlr13 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100024134 Myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100022691 NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100023435 NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 101150034595 NLRC4 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- GOWLTLODGKPXMN-MEKRSRHXSA-N OM-174 Chemical compound O1[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](NC(=O)C[C@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1CO[C@H]1[C@H](NC(=O)C[C@H](CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](CO)O1 GOWLTLODGKPXMN-MEKRSRHXSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 108091007960 PI3Ks Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000038030 PI3Ks Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 101150073266 PRKCD gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- MKPDWECBUAZOHP-AFYJWTTESA-N Paramethasone Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CO)(O)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O MKPDWECBUAZOHP-AFYJWTTESA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000002508 Peptide Elongation Factors Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010068204 Peptide Elongation Factors Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 108091036414 Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 108091008611 Protein Kinase B Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100037340 Protein kinase C delta type Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010001946 Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein NLR Family Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100033810 RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100033479 RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100030086 Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100029981 Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-4 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 101710100963 Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-4 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100020718 Receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100033204 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 28 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000009738 Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010034782 Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- CDMGBJANTYXAIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N SB 203580 Chemical compound C1=CC(S(=O)C)=CC=C1C1=NC(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)=C(C=2C=CN=CC=2)N1 CDMGBJANTYXAIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QHKYPYXTTXKZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N SB-202190 Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=NC(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)=C(C=2C=CN=CC=2)N1 QHKYPYXTTXKZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010044012 STAT1 Transcription Factor Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000004265 STAT2 Transcription Factor Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010081691 STAT2 Transcription Factor Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010017324 STAT3 Transcription Factor Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000005886 STAT4 Transcription Factor Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010019992 STAT4 Transcription Factor Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000001712 STAT5 Transcription Factor Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010029477 STAT5 Transcription Factor Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010011005 STAT6 Transcription Factor Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101001117144 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) [Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase 1, mitochondrial Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100023085 Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100029904 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100024040 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100023980 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108091008874 T cell receptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000016266 T-Cell Antigen Receptors Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100036073 TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010065917 TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010060818 Toll-Like Receptor 9 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100027009 Toll-like receptor 10 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100024333 Toll-like receptor 2 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100024324 Toll-like receptor 3 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100039360 Toll-like receptor 4 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100039357 Toll-like receptor 5 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100039387 Toll-like receptor 6 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100039390 Toll-like receptor 7 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100033110 Toll-like receptor 8 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100033117 Toll-like receptor 9 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100033438 Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100033444 Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100025387 Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK3 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- HDOVUKNUBWVHOX-QMMMGPOBSA-N Valacyclovir Chemical compound N1C(N)=NC(=O)C2=C1N(COCCOC(=O)[C@@H](N)C(C)C)C=N2 HDOVUKNUBWVHOX-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100033178 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100033177 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100033179 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- ZWELIJXAKMASLK-UGKPPGOTSA-N [(2r,3r,4r,5r)-4-acetyloxy-5-(5-amino-2-oxo-[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-3-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@H](OC(=O)C)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)SC2=CN=C(N)N=C21 ZWELIJXAKMASLK-UGKPPGOTSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YNVPFGZVMSQKIC-CUUJIVLRSA-N [2-[(8s,9s,10r,11s,13s,14s,17r)-11,17-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-oxoethyl] hexadecanoate Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O YNVPFGZVMSQKIC-CUUJIVLRSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ARLKCWCREKRROD-POYBYMJQSA-N [[(2s,5r)-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] phosphono hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)CC1 ARLKCWCREKRROD-POYBYMJQSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004150 aciclovir Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- MKUXAQIIEYXACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aciclovir Chemical compound N1C(N)=NC(=O)C2=C1N(COCCO)C=N2 MKUXAQIIEYXACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940042992 afinitor Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000548 alemtuzumab Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- CXDWHYOBSJTRJU-SRWWVFQWSA-N algestone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2 CXDWHYOBSJTRJU-SRWWVFQWSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001900 algestone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013566 allergen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003022 amoxicillin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- LSQZJLSUYDQPKJ-NJBDSQKTSA-N amoxicillin Chemical compound C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@H]3SC([C@@H](N3C2=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)=CC=C(O)C=C1 LSQZJLSUYDQPKJ-NJBDSQKTSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- APKFDSVGJQXUKY-INPOYWNPSA-N amphotericin B Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 APKFDSVGJQXUKY-INPOYWNPSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003942 amphotericin b Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000723 ampicillin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N ampicillin Chemical compound C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@H]3SC([C@@H](N3C2=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)=CC=CC=C1 AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003484 annual ragweed Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002924 anti-infective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940092705 beclomethasone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- NBMKJKDGKREAPL-DVTGEIKXSA-N beclomethasone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(Cl)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CO)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O NBMKJKDGKREAPL-DVTGEIKXSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000397 bevacizumab Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000455 brentuximab vedotin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229950009494 bropirimine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004436 budesonide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000006263 bur ragweed Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- JYIKNQVWKBUSNH-WVDDFWQHSA-N caspofungin Chemical compound C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N3CC[C@H](O)[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H](NCCN)[C@H](O)C[C@@H](C(N[C@H](C(=O)N3C[C@H](O)C[C@H]3C(=O)N2)[C@@H](C)O)=O)NC(=O)CCCCCCCC[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](C)CC)[C@H](O)CCN)=CC=C(O)C=C1 JYIKNQVWKBUSNH-WVDDFWQHSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003034 caspofungin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002412 cediranib Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- GPRBEKHLDVQUJE-VINNURBNSA-N cefotaxime Chemical compound N([C@@H]1C(N2C(=C(COC(C)=O)CS[C@@H]21)C(O)=O)=O)C(=O)/C(=N/OC)C1=CSC(N)=N1 GPRBEKHLDVQUJE-VINNURBNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005395 cetuximab Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005091 chloramphenicol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N chloramphenicol Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(=O)N[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229950006229 chloroprednisone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- NPSLCOWKFFNQKK-ZPSUVKRCSA-N chloroprednisone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3C[C@H](Cl)C2=C1 NPSLCOWKFFNQKK-ZPSUVKRCSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AGOYDEPGAOXOCK-KCBOHYOISA-N clarithromycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@]([C@H](O)[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@H](C)C[C@](C)([C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](C)O2)N(C)C)O)[C@H]1C)OC)(C)O)CC)[C@H]1C[C@@](C)(OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 AGOYDEPGAOXOCK-KCBOHYOISA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002626 clarithromycin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002842 clobetasol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004299 clocortolone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- YMTMADLUXIRMGX-RFPWEZLHSA-N clocortolone Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(Cl)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@@H](C)[C@H](C(=O)CO)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O YMTMADLUXIRMGX-RFPWEZLHSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002219 cloprednol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- YTJIBEDMAQUYSZ-FDNPDPBUSA-N cloprednol Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C2=C1 YTJIBEDMAQUYSZ-FDNPDPBUSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940047766 co-trimoxazole Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003488 common ragweed Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- OMFXVFTZEKFJBZ-HJTSIMOOSA-N corticosterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 OMFXVFTZEKFJBZ-HJTSIMOOSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004544 cortisone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003840 cortivazol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- RKHQGWMMUURILY-UHRZLXHJSA-N cortivazol Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H]2C[C@H]([C@]([C@@]2(C)C[C@H](O)[C@@H]1[C@@]1(C)C2)(O)C(=O)COC(C)=O)C)=C(C)C1=CC1=C2C=NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 RKHQGWMMUURILY-UHRZLXHJSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229950006418 dactolisib Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- JOGKUKXHTYWRGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dactolisib Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C2=CN=C3C=CC(C=4C=C5C=CC=CC5=NC=4)=CC3=C2N1C1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C#N)C=C1 JOGKUKXHTYWRGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001145 deflazacort Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- FBHSPRKOSMHSIF-GRMWVWQJSA-N deflazacort Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H]3OC(C)=N[C@@]3(C(=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O FBHSPRKOSMHSIF-GRMWVWQJSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003662 desonide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- WBGKWQHBNHJJPZ-LECWWXJVSA-N desonide Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O WBGKWQHBNHJJPZ-LECWWXJVSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002593 desoximetasone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- VWVSBHGCDBMOOT-IIEHVVJPSA-N desoximetasone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@H](C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O VWVSBHGCDBMOOT-IIEHVVJPSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004833 dexamethasone phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- VQODGRNSFPNSQE-CXSFZGCWSA-N dexamethasone phosphate Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)COP(O)(O)=O)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O VQODGRNSFPNSQE-CXSFZGCWSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004154 diflorasone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- WXURHACBFYSXBI-XHIJKXOTSA-N diflorasone Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(F)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CO)(O)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O WXURHACBFYSXBI-XHIJKXOTSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004091 diflucortolone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- OGPWIDANBSLJPC-RFPWEZLHSA-N diflucortolone Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(F)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@@H](C)[C@H](C(=O)CO)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O OGPWIDANBSLJPC-RFPWEZLHSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004875 difluprednate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- VLARUOGDXDTHEH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium cromoglycate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1C(C([O-])=O)=CC(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2OCC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C(=O)C=C(C([O-])=O)O2 VLARUOGDXDTHEH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- AVAACINZEOAHHE-VFZPANTDSA-N doripenem Chemical compound C=1([C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@H](C(N2C=1C(O)=O)=O)[C@H](O)C)S[C@@H]1CN[C@H](CNS(N)(=O)=O)C1 AVAACINZEOAHHE-VFZPANTDSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000895 doripenem Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- JBIWCJUYHHGXTC-AKNGSSGZSA-N doxycycline Chemical compound O=C1C2=C(O)C=CC=C2[C@H](C)[C@@H]2C1=C(O)[C@]1(O)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C(O)[C@@H](N(C)C)[C@@H]1[C@H]2O JBIWCJUYHHGXTC-AKNGSSGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XPOQHMRABVBWPR-ZDUSSCGKSA-N efavirenz Chemical compound C([C@]1(C2=CC(Cl)=CC=C2NC(=O)O1)C(F)(F)F)#CC1CC1 XPOQHMRABVBWPR-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003804 efavirenz Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003720 enoxolone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000052116 epidermal growth factor receptor activity proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108700015053 epidermal growth factor receptor activity proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005073 erlotinib hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002770 ertapenem Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- AEUTYOVWOVBAKS-UWVGGRQHSA-N ethambutol Chemical compound CC[C@@H](CO)NCCN[C@@H](CC)CO AEUTYOVWOVBAKS-UWVGGRQHSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000285 ethambutol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- LEEIJTHMHDMWLJ-CQSZACIVSA-N ethyl (6r)-6-[(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)sulfamoyl]cyclohexene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CCCC[C@H]1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(F)C=C1Cl LEEIJTHMHDMWLJ-CQSZACIVSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229950002335 fluazacort Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- BYZCJOHDXLROEC-RBWIMXSLSA-N fluazacort Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H]3OC(C)=N[C@@]3(C(=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O BYZCJOHDXLROEC-RBWIMXSLSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NJNWEGFJCGYWQT-VSXGLTOVSA-N fluclorolone acetonide Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(Cl)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1Cl NJNWEGFJCGYWQT-VSXGLTOVSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940094766 flucloronide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- XRECTZIEBJDKEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N flucytosine Chemical compound NC1=NC(=O)NC=C1F XRECTZIEBJDKEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004413 flucytosine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002011 fludrocortisone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- AAXVEMMRQDVLJB-BULBTXNYSA-N fludrocortisone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@@]3(F)[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 AAXVEMMRQDVLJB-BULBTXNYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004511 fludroxycortide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003469 flumetasone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- WXURHACBFYSXBI-GQKYHHCASA-N flumethasone Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(F)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CO)(O)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O WXURHACBFYSXBI-GQKYHHCASA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000676 flunisolide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001347 fluocinolone acetonide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- FEBLZLNTKCEFIT-VSXGLTOVSA-N fluocinolone acetonide Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(F)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O FEBLZLNTKCEFIT-VSXGLTOVSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000785 fluocinonide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229950008509 fluocortin butyl Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- XWTIDFOGTCVGQB-FHIVUSPVSA-N fluocortin butyl Chemical group C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@@H](C)[C@H](C(=O)C(=O)OCCCC)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O XWTIDFOGTCVGQB-FHIVUSPVSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003973 fluocortolone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- GAKMQHDJQHZUTJ-ULHLPKEOSA-N fluocortolone Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@@H](C)[C@H](C(=O)CO)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O GAKMQHDJQHZUTJ-ULHLPKEOSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001048 fluorometholone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- FAOZLTXFLGPHNG-KNAQIMQKSA-N fluorometholone Chemical compound C([C@@]12C)=CC(=O)C=C1[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1[C@]2(F)[C@@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@@](O)(C(C)=O)CC[C@H]21 FAOZLTXFLGPHNG-KNAQIMQKSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003590 fluperolone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000618 fluprednisolone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000671 formocortal Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- QNXUUBBKHBYRFW-QWAPGEGQSA-N formocortal Chemical compound C1C(C=O)=C2C=C(OCCCl)CC[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O QNXUUBBKHBYRFW-QWAPGEGQSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940124670 gardiquimod Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000578 gemtuzumab Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002518 gentamicin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940080856 gleevec Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003862 glucocorticoid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002383 halcinonide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002475 halometasone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- GGXMRPUKBWXVHE-MIHLVHIWSA-N halometasone Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C(Cl)=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(F)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CO)(O)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O GGXMRPUKBWXVHE-MIHLVHIWSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229950008940 halopredone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- SPSXSWRZQFPVTJ-ZQQKUFEYSA-N hepatitis b vaccine Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1N=CN=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)OC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCNC(N)=N)C1=CC=CC=C1 SPSXSWRZQFPVTJ-ZQQKUFEYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229950000208 hydrocortamate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- FWFVLWGEFDIZMJ-FOMYWIRZSA-N hydrocortamate Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)COC(=O)CN(CC)CC)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O FWFVLWGEFDIZMJ-FOMYWIRZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000890 hydrocortisone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000036031 hyperthermia Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003685 imatinib mesylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003308 immunostimulating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000905 indomethacin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000002467 interleukin receptors Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010093036 interleukin receptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005386 ipilimumab Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229950003954 isatoribine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004130 itraconazole Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003376 levofloxacin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229950002555 mazipredone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- CZBOZZDZNVIXFC-VRRJBYJJSA-N mazipredone Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1CC(=O)[C@]1(O)[C@@]2(C)C[C@H](O)[C@@H]3[C@@]4(C)C=CC(=O)C=C4CC[C@H]3[C@@H]2CC1 CZBOZZDZNVIXFC-VRRJBYJJSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001011 medrysone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001810 meprednisone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- PIDANAQULIKBQS-RNUIGHNZSA-N meprednisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CO)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PIDANAQULIKBQS-RNUIGHNZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DMJNNHOOLUXYBV-PQTSNVLCSA-N meropenem Chemical compound C=1([C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@H](C(N2C=1C(O)=O)=O)[C@H](O)C)S[C@@H]1CN[C@H](C(=O)N(C)C)C1 DMJNNHOOLUXYBV-PQTSNVLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002260 meropenem Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002744 mometasone furoate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- WOFMFGQZHJDGCX-ZULDAHANSA-N mometasone furoate Chemical compound O([C@]1([C@@]2(C)C[C@H](O)[C@]3(Cl)[C@@]4(C)C=CC(=O)C=C4CC[C@H]3[C@@H]2C[C@H]1C)C(=O)CCl)C(=O)C1=CC=CO1 WOFMFGQZHJDGCX-ZULDAHANSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BSOQXXWZTUDTEL-ZUYCGGNHSA-N muramyl dipeptide Chemical compound OC(=O)CC[C@H](C(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1NC(C)=O BSOQXXWZTUDTEL-ZUYCGGNHSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NFVJNJQRWPQVOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-[3-(4-ethyl-5-ethylsulfanyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]acetamide Chemical compound CCN1C(SCC)=NN=C1C1CN(CC(=O)NC=2C(=CC=C(C=2)C(F)(F)F)Cl)CCC1 NFVJNJQRWPQVOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YOHYSYJDKVYCJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[3-[[6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]phenyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(NC=2N=CN=C(NC=3C=C(NC(=O)C4CC4)C=CC=3)C=2)=C1 YOHYSYJDKVYCJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940080607 nexavar Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- OGIAAULPRXAQEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N odn 2216 Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1C1OC(COP(O)(=O)OC2C(OC(C2)N2C3=NC=NC(N)=C3N=C2)COP(O)(=O)OC2C(OC(C2)N2C3=C(C(NC(N)=N3)=O)N=C2)COP(O)(=O)OC2C(OC(C2)N2C(N=C(N)C=C2)=O)COP(O)(=O)OC2C(OC(C2)N2C3=NC=NC(N)=C3N=C2)COP(O)(=O)OC2C(OC(C2)N2C3=C(C(NC(N)=N3)=O)N=C2)COP(O)(=O)OC2C(OC(C2)N2C3=C(C(NC(N)=N3)=O)N=C2)COP(O)(=O)OC2C(OC(C2)N2C3=C(C(NC(N)=N3)=O)N=C2)COP(O)(=O)OC2C(OC(C2)N2C3=C(C(NC(N)=N3)=O)N=C2)COP(O)(=O)OC2C(OC(C2)N2C3=C(C(NC(N)=N3)=O)N=C2)COP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(=O)OCC2C(CC(O2)N2C(N=C(N)C=C2)=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC2C(CC(O2)N2C3=C(C(NC(N)=N3)=O)N=C2)OP(O)(=O)OCC2C(CC(O2)N2C(NC(=O)C(C)=C2)=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC2C(CC(O2)N2C(N=C(N)C=C2)=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC2C(CC(O2)N2C3=C(C(NC(N)=N3)=O)N=C2)OP(O)(=O)OCC2C(CC(O2)N2C3=C(C(NC(N)=N3)=O)N=C2)OP(O)(=O)OCC2C(CC(O2)N2C3=C(C(NC(N)=N3)=O)N=C2)OP(O)(=O)OCC2C(CC(O2)N2C3=C(C(NC(N)=N3)=O)N=C2)OP(O)(=O)OCC2C(CC(O2)N2C3=C(C(NC(N)=N3)=O)N=C2)OP(O)(=O)OCC2C(CC(O2)N2C3=C(C(NC(N)=N3)=O)N=C2)O)C1 OGIAAULPRXAQEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KDWFDOFTPHDNJL-TUBOTVQJSA-N odn-2006 Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H](C2)N2C(NC(=O)C(C)=C2)=O)COP(O)(=O)O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O[C@@H]2COP(O)(=S)O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O[C@@H]2COP(O)(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H](C2)N2C(NC(=O)C(C)=C2)=O)COP(O)(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H](C2)N2C(NC(=O)C(C)=C2)=O)COP(O)(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H](C2)N2C(NC(=O)C(C)=C2)=O)COP(O)(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H](C2)N2C(NC(=O)C(C)=C2)=O)COP(O)(=O)O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O[C@@H]2COP(O)(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H](C2)N2C(NC(=O)C(C)=C2)=O)COP(O)(=O)O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O[C@@H]2COP(O)(=S)O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O[C@@H]2COP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@@H](O2)N2C(NC(=O)C(C)=C2)=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O2)N2C3=C(C(NC(N)=N3)=O)N=C2)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@@H](O2)N2C(NC(=O)C(C)=C2)=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@@H](O2)N2C(NC(=O)C(C)=C2)=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@@H](O2)N2C(NC(=O)C(C)=C2)=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@@H](O2)N2C(NC(=O)C(C)=C2)=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O2)N2C3=C(C(NC(N)=N3)=O)N=C2)OP(S)(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O2)N2C(N=C(N)C=C2)=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@@H](O2)N2C(NC(=O)C(C)=C2)=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@@H](O2)N2C(NC(=O)C(C)=C2)=O)O)N2C3=C(C(NC(N)=N3)=O)N=C2)O)N2C(N=C(N)C=C2)=O)O)N2C3=C(C(NC(N)=N3)=O)N=C2)O)N2C3=C(C(NC(N)=N3)=O)N=C2)O)N2C(N=C(N)C=C2)=O)O)[C@@H](O)C1 KDWFDOFTPHDNJL-TUBOTVQJSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002450 ofatumumab Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- IWVCMVBTMGNXQD-PXOLEDIWSA-N oxytetracycline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[C@](O)(C)[C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@H]4[C@H](N(C)C)C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)[C@@]4(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1O IWVCMVBTMGNXQD-PXOLEDIWSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229950007318 ozogamicin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- LSQZJLSUYDQPKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-Hydroxyampicillin Natural products O=C1N2C(C(O)=O)C(C)(C)SC2C1NC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LSQZJLSUYDQPKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000002574 p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010068338 p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001972 panitumumab Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002858 paramethasone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000639 pazopanib Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- ZEMIJUDPLILVNQ-ZXFNITATSA-N pivampicillin Chemical compound C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)[C@H](C(S3)(C)C)C(=O)OCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C)=CC=CC=C1 ZEMIJUDPLILVNQ-ZXFNITATSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003342 pivampicillin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000729 poly(L-lysine) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940115272 polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002794 prednicarbate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- FNPXMHRZILFCKX-KAJVQRHHSA-N prednicarbate Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)COC(=O)CC)(OC(=O)OCC)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O FNPXMHRZILFCKX-KAJVQRHHSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005205 prednisolone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- OIGNJSKKLXVSLS-VWUMJDOOSA-N prednisolone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 OIGNJSKKLXVSLS-VWUMJDOOSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004786 prednisolone phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- JDOZJEUDSLGTLU-VWUMJDOOSA-N prednisolone phosphate Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 JDOZJEUDSLGTLU-VWUMJDOOSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229950000696 prednival Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- BOFKYYWJAOZDPB-FZNHGJLXSA-N prednival Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)CO)(OC(=O)CCCC)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O BOFKYYWJAOZDPB-FZNHGJLXSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001917 prednylidene Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- WSVOMANDJDYYEY-CWNVBEKCSA-N prednylidene Chemical group O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](C(=C)C4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 WSVOMANDJDYYEY-CWNVBEKCSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005206 pyrazinamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- IPEHBUMCGVEMRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazinecarboxamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1 IPEHBUMCGVEMRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MIXMJCQRHVAJIO-TZHJZOAOSA-N qk4dys664x Chemical compound O.C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O.C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O MIXMJCQRHVAJIO-TZHJZOAOSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009736 ragweed Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940099538 rapamune Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229950002836 retaspimycin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- YIBOMRUWOWDFLG-ONEGZZNKSA-N rilpivirine Chemical compound CC1=CC(\C=C\C#N)=CC(C)=C1NC1=CC=NC(NC=2C=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=N1 YIBOMRUWOWDFLG-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002814 rilpivirine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004641 rituximab Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- HNMATTJJEPZZMM-BPKVFSPJSA-N s-[(2r,3s,4s,6s)-6-[[(2r,3s,4s,5r,6r)-5-[(2s,4s,5s)-5-[acetyl(ethyl)amino]-4-methoxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2s,5z,9r,13e)-13-[2-[[4-[(2e)-2-[1-[4-(4-amino-4-oxobutoxy)phenyl]ethylidene]hydrazinyl]-2-methyl-4-oxobutan-2-yl]disulfanyl]ethylidene]-9-hydroxy-12-(m Chemical compound C1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](N(CC)C(C)=O)CO[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O[C@@H]2C\3=C(NC(=O)OC)C(=O)C[C@@](C/3=C/CSSC(C)(C)CC(=O)N\N=C(/C)C=3C=CC(OCCCC(N)=O)=CC=3)(O)C#C\C=C/C#C2)O[C@H](C)[C@@H](NO[C@@H]2O[C@H](C)[C@@H](SC(=O)C=3C(=C(OC)C(O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H](OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O4)O)=C(I)C=3C)OC)[C@@H](O)C2)[C@@H]1O HNMATTJJEPZZMM-BPKVFSPJSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017709 saponins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- HJHVQCXHVMGZNC-JCJNLNMISA-M sodium;(2z)-2-[(3r,4s,5s,8s,9s,10s,11r,13r,14s,16s)-16-acetyloxy-3,11-dihydroxy-4,8,10,14-tetramethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-ylidene]-6-methylhept-5-enoate Chemical compound [Na+].O[C@@H]([C@@H]12)C[C@H]3\C(=C(/CCC=C(C)C)C([O-])=O)[C@@H](OC(C)=O)C[C@]3(C)[C@@]2(C)CC[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H]2C HJHVQCXHVMGZNC-JCJNLNMISA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000487 sorafenib tosylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229950008380 sotirimod Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940068117 sprycel Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- WNIFXKPDILJURQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N stearyl glycyrrhizinate Natural products C1CC(O)C(C)(C)C2CCC3(C)C4(C)CCC5(C)CCC(C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(C)CC5C4=CC(=O)C3C21C WNIFXKPDILJURQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005404 sulfamethoxazole Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- JLKIGFTWXXRPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulphamethoxazole Chemical compound O1C(C)=CC(NS(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=N1 JLKIGFTWXXRPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940034785 sutent Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940037128 systemic glucocorticoids Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940120982 tarceva Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940069905 tasigna Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- QFJCIRLUMZQUOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N temsirolimus Natural products C1CC(O)C(OC)CC1CC(C)C1OC(=O)C2CCCCN2C(=O)C(=O)C(O)(O2)C(C)CCC2CC(OC)C(C)=CC=CC=CC(C)CC(C)C(=O)C(OC)C(O)C(C)=CC(C)C(=O)C1 QFJCIRLUMZQUOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JFVZFKDSXNQEJW-CQSZACIVSA-N tenofovir disoproxil Chemical compound N1=CN=C2N(C[C@@H](C)OCP(=O)(OCOC(=O)OC(C)C)OCOC(=O)OC(C)C)C=NC2=C1N JFVZFKDSXNQEJW-CQSZACIVSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001355 tenofovir disoproxil Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- IWVCMVBTMGNXQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N terramycin dehydrate Natural products C1=CC=C2C(O)(C)C3C(O)C4C(N(C)C)C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)C4(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1O IWVCMVBTMGNXQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 108091008743 testicular receptors 4 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- NLVFBUXFDBBNBW-PBSUHMDJSA-N tobramycin Chemical compound N[C@@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@@H](CN)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1N NLVFBUXFDBBNBW-PBSUHMDJSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000707 tobramycin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940100411 torisel Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005267 tositumomab Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000575 trastuzumab Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005294 triamcinolone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- GFNANZIMVAIWHM-OBYCQNJPSA-N triamcinolone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@]3(F)[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@]([C@H](O)C4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 GFNANZIMVAIWHM-OBYCQNJPSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940093257 valacyclovir Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229950000578 vatalanib Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- YCOYDOIWSSHVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N vatalanib Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1NC(C1=CC=CC=C11)=NN=C1CC1=CC=NC=C1 YCOYDOIWSSHVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LLDWLPRYLVPDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vatalanib succinate Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O.C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1NC(C1=CC=CC=C11)=NN=C1CC1=CC=NC=C1 LLDWLPRYLVPDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BCEHBSKCWLPMDN-MGPLVRAMSA-N voriconazole Chemical compound C1([C@H](C)[C@](O)(CN2N=CN=C2)C=2C(=CC(F)=CC=2)F)=NC=NC=C1F BCEHBSKCWLPMDN-MGPLVRAMSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004740 voriconazole Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940069559 votrient Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- FYSRKRZDBHOFAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(N-carbamoyl-2,6-difluoroanilino)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide Chemical compound FC=1C=CC=C(F)C=1N(C(=O)N)C(N=1)=CC=C(C(N)=O)C=1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1F FYSRKRZDBHOFAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001102 betamethasone dipropionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- CIWBQSYVNNPZIQ-XYWKZLDCSA-N betamethasone dipropionate Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)COC(=O)CC)(OC(=O)CC)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O CIWBQSYVNNPZIQ-XYWKZLDCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002725 brachytherapy Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002158 endotoxin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002594 fluoroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000028996 humoral immune response Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005847 immunogenicity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002647 laser therapy Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004942 lenalidomide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- GOTYRUGSSMKFNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lenalidomide Chemical compound C1C=2C(N)=CC=CC=2C(=O)N1C1CCC(=O)NC1=O GOTYRUGSSMKFNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000021633 leukocyte mediated immunity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006008 lipopolysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012014 optical coherence tomography Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000017423 tissue regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012285 ultrasound imaging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001589 carboacyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 7
- JQXXHWHPUNPDRT-WLSIYKJHSA-N rifampicin Chemical compound O([C@](C1=O)(C)O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C(C)/C(=O)NC=2C(O)=C3C([O-])=C4C)C)OC)C4=C1C3=C(O)C=2\C=N\N1CC[NH+](C)CC1 JQXXHWHPUNPDRT-WLSIYKJHSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- FHJATBIERQTCTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-amino-2-(ethylaminomethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1-yl]-2-methylpropan-2-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(N(C(CNCC)=N3)CC(C)(C)O)C3=C(N)N=C21 FHJATBIERQTCTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- YCISZOVUHXIOFY-HKXOFBAYSA-N Halopredone acetate Chemical compound C1([C@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C(Br)=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(F)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@](OC(C)=O)(C(=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O YCISZOVUHXIOFY-HKXOFBAYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012648 POLY-ICLC Substances 0.000 claims 1
- CBGUOGMQLZIXBE-XGQKBEPLSA-N clobetasol propionate Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CCl)(OC(=O)CC)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O CBGUOGMQLZIXBE-XGQKBEPLSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- HHPZZKDXAFJLOH-QZIXMDIESA-N fluperolone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)[C@@H](OC(C)=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O HHPZZKDXAFJLOH-QZIXMDIESA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 108700002563 poly ICLC Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 229940115270 poly iclc Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 135
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 124
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 117
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 84
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 69
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 63
- GHASVSINZRGABV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorouracil Chemical compound FC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O GHASVSINZRGABV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 59
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 59
- UVGUPMLLGBCFEJ-SWTLDUCYSA-N sucrose acetate isobutyrate Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](OC(=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](COC(=O)C(C)C)O[C@@]1(COC(C)=O)O[C@@H]1[C@H](OC(=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](OC(=O)C(C)C)[C@H](OC(=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1 UVGUPMLLGBCFEJ-SWTLDUCYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- 239000001797 sucrose acetate isobutyrate Substances 0.000 description 50
- 235000010983 sucrose acetate isobutyrate Nutrition 0.000 description 50
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 44
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 38
- JRQOTZAJQMBWJY-RJMJUYIDSA-N acetic acid (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound CC(O)=O.O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]1CO JRQOTZAJQMBWJY-RJMJUYIDSA-N 0.000 description 37
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 36
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 36
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 35
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 35
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 34
- AXADDFULNLYUPQ-RJMJUYIDSA-N (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 2-methylpropanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O.O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]1CO AXADDFULNLYUPQ-RJMJUYIDSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 30
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 28
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 27
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229960002160 maltose Drugs 0.000 description 24
- 238000001840 matrix-assisted laser desorption--ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 23
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 23
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 22
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-DCSYEGIMSA-N Beta-Lactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-DCSYEGIMSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229930195724 β-lactose Natural products 0.000 description 21
- JVVRCYWZTJLJSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-dimethylaminophenol Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 JVVRCYWZTJLJSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229960000549 4-dimethylaminophenol Drugs 0.000 description 20
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-dimethylaminopyridine Substances CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- VLPFTAMPNXLGLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctanoin Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC VLPFTAMPNXLGLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 19
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229960002949 fluorouracil Drugs 0.000 description 18
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 17
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 16
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- SDUQYLNIPVEERB-QPPQHZFASA-N gemcitabine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@H]1C(F)(F)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 SDUQYLNIPVEERB-QPPQHZFASA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229940074410 trehalose Drugs 0.000 description 15
- 229960005277 gemcitabine Drugs 0.000 description 14
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 14
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229920001244 Poly(D,L-lactide) Polymers 0.000 description 12
- WOTQVEKSRLZRSX-HHZNOXSWSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1 WOTQVEKSRLZRSX-HHZNOXSWSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 12
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229940046166 oligodeoxynucleotide Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 229920001606 poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 150000003077 polyols Polymers 0.000 description 12
- WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionic anhydride Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(=O)CC WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229950010550 resiquimod Drugs 0.000 description 12
- MAYCICSNZYXLHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricaproin Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCC MAYCICSNZYXLHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 11
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000010549 co-Evaporation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002600 positron emission tomography Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229950002376 tirapazamine Drugs 0.000 description 10
- ORYDPOVDJJZGHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tirapazamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=[N+]([O-])C(N)=N[N+]([O-])=C21 ORYDPOVDJJZGHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002595 magnetic resonance imaging Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002661 proton therapy Methods 0.000 description 9
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-TZSSRYMLSA-N Doxorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(=O)CO)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-TZSSRYMLSA-N 0.000 description 8
- FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N L-methotrexate Chemical compound C=1N=C2N=C(N)N=C(N)C2=NC=1CN(C)C1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 8
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229920006217 cellulose acetate butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229960000485 methotrexate Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- QQDQHQONXZMULF-RJMJUYIDSA-N CCC(O)=O.O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]1CO Chemical group CCC(O)=O.O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]1CO QQDQHQONXZMULF-RJMJUYIDSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical group OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-QZABAPFNSA-N beta-D-glucosamine Chemical class N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-QZABAPFNSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000008177 pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 7
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NWIBSHFKIJFRCO-WUDYKRTCSA-N Mytomycin Chemical compound C1N2C(C(C(C)=C(N)C3=O)=O)=C3[C@@H](COC(N)=O)[C@@]2(OC)[C@@H]2[C@H]1N2 NWIBSHFKIJFRCO-WUDYKRTCSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BPEGJWRSRHCHSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Temozolomide Chemical compound O=C1N(C)N=NC2=C(C(N)=O)N=CN21 BPEGJWRSRHCHSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RJURFGZVJUQBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N actinomycin D Natural products CC1OC(=O)C(C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C(=O)C2CCCN2C(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C1NC(=O)C1=C(N)C(=O)C(C)=C2OC(C(C)=CC=C3C(=O)NC4C(=O)NC(C(N5CCCC5C(=O)N(C)CC(=O)N(C)C(C(C)C)C(=O)OC4C)=O)C(C)C)=C3N=C21 RJURFGZVJUQBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 230000000973 chemotherapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012377 drug delivery Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- LSACYLWPPQLVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid anhydride Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)C LSACYLWPPQLVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000004872 soft tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229960004964 temozolomide Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229930028731 β-maltose Natural products 0.000 description 6
- DPVHGFAJLZWDOC-PVXXTIHASA-N (2r,3s,4s,5r,6r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 DPVHGFAJLZWDOC-PVXXTIHASA-N 0.000 description 5
- JUJPKFNFCWJBCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[(4-bromothiophen-2-yl)methoxy]-7h-purin-2-amine Chemical compound C=12NC=NC2=NC(N)=NC=1OCC1=CC(Br)=CS1 JUJPKFNFCWJBCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002597 lactoses Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229950003489 lomeguatrib Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000002307 prostate Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 210000000664 rectum Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000012384 transportation and delivery Methods 0.000 description 5
- LMDZBCPBFSXMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide Chemical compound CCN=C=NCCCN(C)C LMDZBCPBFSXMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-CCXZUQQUSA-N Cytarabine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-CCXZUQQUSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 4
- DKXNBNKWCZZMJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N O4-alpha-D-Mannopyranosyl-D-mannose Natural products O=CC(O)C(O)C(C(O)CO)OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1O DKXNBNKWCZZMJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 4
- NKANXQFJJICGDU-QPLCGJKRSA-N Tamoxifen Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(/CC)=C(C=1C=CC(OCCN(C)C)=CC=1)/C1=CC=CC=C1 NKANXQFJJICGDU-QPLCGJKRSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-RWMJIURBSA-N alpha-cyclodextrin Chemical compound OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O3)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]1CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-RWMJIURBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VSJKWCGYPAHWDS-FQEVSTJZSA-N camptothecin Chemical class C1=CC=C2C=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@]5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 VSJKWCGYPAHWDS-FQEVSTJZSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- JQXXHWHPUNPDRT-YOPQJBRCSA-N chembl1332716 Chemical compound O([C@](C1=O)(C)O\C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)/C=C\C=C(C)/C(=O)NC=2C(O)=C3C(O)=C4C)C)OC)C4=C1C3=C(O)C=2\C=N\N1CCN(C)CC1 JQXXHWHPUNPDRT-YOPQJBRCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 4
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001506 fluorescence spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002955 immunomodulating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003211 malignant effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 210000003739 neck Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000013439 planning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008279 sol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 210000003932 urinary bladder Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FDKXTQMXEQVLRF-ZHACJKMWSA-N (E)-dacarbazine Chemical compound CN(C)\N=N\c1[nH]cnc1C(N)=O FDKXTQMXEQVLRF-ZHACJKMWSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 0 *CC(C(*)C(*)C1*)OC1OC(C(*)C1*)OC(COC2OC(CO)C(*)C(*)C2*)C1O* Chemical compound *CC(C(*)C(*)C1*)OC1OC(C(*)C1*)OC(COC2OC(CO)C(*)C(*)C2*)C1O* 0.000 description 3
- WXTMDXOMEHJXQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O WXTMDXOMEHJXQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CTPDSKVQLSDPLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(oxolan-2-ylmethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound OCCOCC1CCCO1 CTPDSKVQLSDPLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-N Adenosine triphosphate Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MLDQJTXFUGDVEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N BAY-43-9006 Chemical compound C1=NC(C(=O)NC)=CC(OC=2C=CC(NC(=O)NC=3C=C(C(Cl)=CC=3)C(F)(F)F)=CC=2)=C1 MLDQJTXFUGDVEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010006654 Bleomycin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- KLWPJMFMVPTNCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Camptothecin Natural products CCC1(O)C(=O)OCC2=C1C=C3C4Nc5ccccc5C=C4CN3C2=O KLWPJMFMVPTNCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclophosphamide Chemical compound ClCCN(CCCl)P1(=O)NCCCO1 CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010092160 Dactinomycin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 3
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 101001133605 Homo sapiens Parkin coregulated gene protein Proteins 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZDZOTLJHXYCWBA-VCVYQWHSSA-N N-debenzoyl-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-10-deacetyltaxol Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H]2[C@@](C([C@H](O)C3=C(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C=4C=CC=CC=4)C[C@]1(O)C3(C)C)=O)(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]1OC[C@]12OC(=O)C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZDZOTLJHXYCWBA-VCVYQWHSSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000015914 Non-Hodgkin lymphomas Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229930012538 Paclitaxel Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 102100034314 Parkin coregulated gene protein Human genes 0.000 description 3
- BITMAWRCWSHCRW-PFQJHCPISA-N Raffinose Pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)O1 BITMAWRCWSHCRW-PFQJHCPISA-N 0.000 description 3
- RJURFGZVJUQBHK-IIXSONLDSA-N actinomycin D Chemical compound C[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2C(=O)[C@@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)C1=C(N)C(=O)C(C)=C2OC(C(C)=CC=C3C(=O)N[C@@H]4C(=O)N[C@@H](C(N5CCC[C@H]5C(=O)N(C)CC(=O)N(C)[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O[C@@H]4C)=O)C(C)C)=C3N=C21 RJURFGZVJUQBHK-IIXSONLDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001574 biopsy Methods 0.000 description 3
- OYVAGSVQBOHSSS-UAPAGMARSA-O bleomycin A2 Chemical compound N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](O)C)C(=O)NCCC=1SC=C(N=1)C=1SC=C(N=1)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)[C@@H](O[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O1)O[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](OC(N)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)C=1N=CNC=1)C(=O)C1=NC([C@H](CC(N)=O)NC[C@H](N)C(N)=O)=NC(N)=C1C OYVAGSVQBOHSSS-UAPAGMARSA-O 0.000 description 3
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940127093 camptothecin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000001719 carbohydrate derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229960004316 cisplatin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- DQLATGHUWYMOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L cisplatin Chemical compound N[Pt](N)(Cl)Cl DQLATGHUWYMOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013267 controlled drug release Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960004397 cyclophosphamide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960000684 cytarabine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960000640 dactinomycin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- STQGQHZAVUOBTE-VGBVRHCVSA-N daunorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(C)=O)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 STQGQHZAVUOBTE-VGBVRHCVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VSJKWCGYPAHWDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dl-camptothecin Natural products C1=CC=C2C=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)C5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 VSJKWCGYPAHWDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960003668 docetaxel Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960004679 doxorubicin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorescein Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(O)C=C1OC1=CC(O)=CC=C21 GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 3
- GURKHSYORGJETM-WAQYZQTGSA-N irinotecan hydrochloride (anhydrous) Chemical compound Cl.C1=C2C(CC)=C3CN(C(C4=C([C@@](C(=O)OC4)(O)CC)C=4)=O)C=4C3=NC2=CC=C1OC(=O)N(CC1)CCC1N1CCCCC1 GURKHSYORGJETM-WAQYZQTGSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000000244 kidney pelvis Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002692 maltoses Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- GLVAUDGFNGKCSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercaptopurine Chemical compound S=C1NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 GLVAUDGFNGKCSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960004857 mitomycin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000004798 organs belonging to the digestive system Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229960001592 paclitaxel Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010356 sorbitol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N taxol Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@]2(C[C@@H](C(C)=C(C2(C)C)[C@H](C([C@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]3OC[C@]3([C@H]21)OC(C)=O)=O)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003625 trehaloses Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000004614 tumor growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002525 ultrasonication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003260 vortexing Methods 0.000 description 3
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N (2S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropansäure Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FIITXXIVUIXYMI-RQJHMYQMSA-N (2r,3s)-3-[(2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)methoxy]butane-1,2,4-triol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)OCN1C=CN=C1[N+]([O-])=O FIITXXIVUIXYMI-RQJHMYQMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYZDPUZXMFCPMU-LRIWMWCYSA-N (6r,8s,9r,10s,11s,13s,14s,17r)-2-bromo-6,9-difluoro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one Chemical compound O=C1C(Br)=C[C@]2(C)[C@@]3(F)[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3C[C@@H](F)C2=C1 MYZDPUZXMFCPMU-LRIWMWCYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FPVKHBSQESCIEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (8S)-3-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol Natural products C1C(O)C(CO)OC1N1C(NC=NCC2O)=C2N=C1 FPVKHBSQESCIEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SLVCCRYLKTYUQP-DVTGEIKXSA-N (8s,9r,10s,11s,13s,14s,17r)-9-fluoro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-[(2s)-2-hydroxypropanoyl]-10,13-dimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)[C@@H](O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O SLVCCRYLKTYUQP-DVTGEIKXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N (R)-adrenaline Chemical compound CNC[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930182837 (R)-adrenaline Natural products 0.000 description 2
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XFQPQSJDMJVOBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-amino-2-(ethylaminomethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1-yl]-2-methylpropan-2-ol;2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F.OC(=O)C(F)(F)F.C1=CC=CC2=C(N(C(CNCC)=N3)CC(C)(C)O)C3=C(N)N=C21 XFQPQSJDMJVOBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXTGDCSMTYGJND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecylazepan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN1CCCCCC1=O AXTGDCSMTYGJND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NZJXADCEESMBPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfinyldecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCS(C)=O NZJXADCEESMBPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSNHCAURESNICA-NJFSPNSNSA-N 1-oxidanylurea Chemical compound N[14C](=O)NO VSNHCAURESNICA-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PRDFBSVERLRRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2'-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2,5'-bibenzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=C(C=3NC4=CC(=CC=C4N=3)N3CCN(C)CC3)C=C2N1 PRDFBSVERLRRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIQOAYVCKAHSEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,3-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)propoxy]ethanol;hexadecanoic acid;octadecanoic acid Chemical compound OCCOCC(OCCO)COCCO.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O OIQOAYVCKAHSEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NYHNVHGFPZAZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyhexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)C(O)=O NYHNVHGFPZAZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JRHWHSJDIILJAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypentanoic acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)C(O)=O JRHWHSJDIILJAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-1-piperidin-4-ylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CC(O)CN1C1CCNCC1 HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybutyric acid Chemical compound OCCCC(O)=O SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- STQGQHZAVUOBTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-Cyan-hept-2t-en-4,6-diinsaeure Natural products C1=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C(OC)=CC=CC=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=2CC(O)(C(C)=O)CC1OC1CC(N)C(O)C(C)O1 STQGQHZAVUOBTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical group NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001450 Alpha-Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 208000012791 Alpha-heavy chain disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000007350 Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010007726 Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Busulfan Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OCCCCOS(C)(=O)=O COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GAGWJHPBXLXJQN-UORFTKCHSA-N Capecitabine Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(NC(=O)OCCCCC)=NC(=O)N1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O1 GAGWJHPBXLXJQN-UORFTKCHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GAGWJHPBXLXJQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Capecitabine Natural products C1=C(F)C(NC(=O)OCCCCC)=NC(=O)N1C1C(O)C(O)C(C)O1 GAGWJHPBXLXJQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000009458 Carcinoma in Situ Diseases 0.000 description 2
- DLGOEMSEDOSKAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carmustine Chemical compound ClCCNC(=O)N(N=O)CCCl DLGOEMSEDOSKAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101150073133 Cpt1a gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-CUHNMECISA-N D-Cellobiose Chemical class O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-CUHNMECISA-N 0.000 description 2
- AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-AQKNRBDQSA-N D-glucopyranuronic acid Chemical compound OC1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-AQKNRBDQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N D-xylopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N=C=NC1CCCCC1 QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003134 Eudragit® polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 108010049003 Fibrinogen Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000008946 Fibrinogen Human genes 0.000 description 2
- IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Galacturonsaeure Natural products O=CC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007821 HATU Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000002291 Histiocytic Sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lidocaine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010035226 Plasma cell myeloma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229920000375 Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε−caprolactone) methyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000954 Polyglycolide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001710 Polyorthoester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N Quinine Chemical compound C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Serine Natural products OCC(N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 108090000190 Thrombin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004887 Transforming Growth Factor beta Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090001012 Transforming Growth Factor beta Proteins 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010073929 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000005789 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010019530 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- JXLYSJRDGCGARV-WWYNWVTFSA-N Vinblastine Natural products O=C(O[C@H]1[C@](O)(C(=O)OC)[C@@H]2N(C)c3c(cc(c(OC)c3)[C@]3(C(=O)OC)c4[nH]c5c(c4CCN4C[C@](O)(CC)C[C@H](C3)C4)cccc5)[C@@]32[C@H]2[C@@]1(CC)C=CCN2CC3)C JXLYSJRDGCGARV-WWYNWVTFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WOTQVEKSRLZRSX-JRFIZLOQSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1 WOTQVEKSRLZRSX-JRFIZLOQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HWDSLHMSWAHPBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-[3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(COC(=O)C)OC1OC1C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(COC(C)=O)O1 HWDSLHMSWAHPBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000000683 abdominal cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M acrylate group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)[O-] NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052767 actinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QQINRWTZWGJFDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N actinium atom Chemical compound [Ac] QQINRWTZWGJFDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007825 activation reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004100 adrenal gland Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940043377 alpha-cyclodextrin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000003484 anatomy Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000001188 articular cartilage Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo-alpha-pyrone Natural products C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SESFRYSPDFLNCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl benzoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 SESFRYSPDFLNCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-YDMGZANHSA-N beta-D-Glucosamine Natural products N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-YDMGZANHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001561 bleomycin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940112869 bone morphogenetic protein Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229960002092 busulfan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229960004117 capecitabine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960004562 carboplatin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YAYRGNWWLMLWJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L carboplatin Chemical compound O=C1O[Pt](N)(N)OC(=O)C11CCC1 YAYRGNWWLMLWJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940045110 chitosan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZPEIMTDSQAKGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorpromazine Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C=C2N(CCCN(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 ZPEIMTDSQAKGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001076 chlorpromazine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinchonine Natural products C1C(C(C2)C=C)CCN2C1C(O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FCSHDIVRCWTZOX-DVTGEIKXSA-N clobetasol Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CCl)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O FCSHDIVRCWTZOX-DVTGEIKXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000002808 connective tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VPUGDVKSAQVFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N coronene Chemical compound C1=C(C2=C34)C=CC3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=C4C3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=C2C3=C1 VPUGDVKSAQVFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000001671 coumarin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960003901 dacarbazine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000975 daunorubicin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000004443 dendritic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000004207 dermis Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 2
- NJDNXYGOVLYJHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;2-(3-oxido-6-oxoxanthen-9-yl)benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=C2C=CC(=O)C=C2OC2=CC([O-])=CC=C21 NJDNXYGOVLYJHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dopamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229950008015 doranidazole Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000000959 ear middle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003372 endocrine gland Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- SEACYXSIPDVVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-L eosin Y Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=C2C=C(Br)C(=O)C(Br)=C2OC2=C(Br)C([O-])=C(Br)C=C21 SEACYXSIPDVVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229960005139 epinephrine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940116333 ethyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960005420 etoposide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VJJPUSNTGOMMGY-MRVIYFEKSA-N etoposide Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O[C@H](C)OC[C@H]4O3)O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=C1 VJJPUSNTGOMMGY-MRVIYFEKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940012952 fibrinogen Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GIUYCYHIANZCFB-FJFJXFQQSA-N fludarabine phosphate Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC(F)=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GIUYCYHIANZCFB-FJFJXFQQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002301 glucosamine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940097043 glucuronic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000001087 glyceryl triacetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013773 glyceryl triacetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003394 haemopoietic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002216 heart Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)O ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HOMGKSMUEGBAAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ifosfamide Chemical compound ClCCNP1(=O)OCCCN1CCCl HOMGKSMUEGBAAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001101 ifosfamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000002786 image-guided radiation therapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012216 imaging agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940121354 immunomodulator Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 201000004933 in situ carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000007972 injectable composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940102223 injectable solution Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002601 intratumoral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960004768 irinotecan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000032839 leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229960004194 lidocaine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000001165 lymph node Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001370 mediastinum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229960001924 melphalan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- SGDBTWWWUNNDEQ-LBPRGKRZSA-N melphalan Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1 SGDBTWWWUNNDEQ-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000002418 meninge Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229960001428 mercaptopurine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 206010061289 metastatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylparaben Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003333 near-infrared imaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009826 neoplastic cell growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940021182 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- DWAFYCQODLXJNR-BNTLRKBRSA-L oxaliplatin Chemical compound O1C(=O)C(=O)O[Pt]11N[C@@H]2CCCC[C@H]2N1 DWAFYCQODLXJNR-BNTLRKBRSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229960001756 oxaliplatin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000004197 pelvis Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FPVKHBSQESCIEP-JQCXWYLXSA-N pentostatin Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(N=CNC[C@H]2O)=C2N=C1 FPVKHBSQESCIEP-JQCXWYLXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002745 poly(ortho ester) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002627 poly(phosphazenes) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N procaine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004919 procaine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CPTBDICYNRMXFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N procarbazine Chemical compound CNNCC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(C)C)C=C1 CPTBDICYNRMXFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 2
- AQHHHDLHHXJYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N propranolol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OCC(O)CNC(C)C)=CC=CC2=C1 AQHHHDLHHXJYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 description 2
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-LHHVKLHASA-N quinidine Chemical compound C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@H]2[C@@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-LHHVKLHASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002534 radiation-sensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001022 rhodamine dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000011571 secondary malignant neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N serotonin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=C2C(CCN)=CNC2=C1 QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ATHGHQPFGPMSJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N spermidine Chemical compound NCCCCNCCCN ATHGHQPFGPMSJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PFNFFQXMRSDOHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N spermine Chemical compound NCCCNCCCCNCCCN PFNFFQXMRSDOHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940094938 stannous 2-ethylhexanoate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-GKHCUFPYSA-N streptozocin Chemical compound O=NN(C)C(=O)N[C@H]1[C@@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-GKHCUFPYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001052 streptozocin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000003445 sucroses Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960001603 tamoxifen Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 2
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZRKFYGHZFMAOKI-QMGMOQQFSA-N tgfbeta Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCSC)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZRKFYGHZFMAOKI-QMGMOQQFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004072 thrombin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000001685 thyroid gland Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960000303 topotecan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UCFGDBYHRUNTLO-QHCPKHFHSA-N topotecan Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(CN(C)C)=C2C=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@]5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 UCFGDBYHRUNTLO-QHCPKHFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940074409 trehalose dihydrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920000428 triblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002485 urinary effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000005166 vasculature Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012447 xenograft mouse model Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BMKDZUISNHGIBY-ZETCQYMHSA-N (+)-dexrazoxane Chemical compound C([C@H](C)N1CC(=O)NC(=O)C1)N1CC(=O)NC(=O)C1 BMKDZUISNHGIBY-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEEQGYMUWCZPDN-DOMZBBRYSA-N (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)C=2C3=CC=CC(=C3N=C(C=2)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)CCCN1 XEEQGYMUWCZPDN-DOMZBBRYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQIPDFIUPOYMPR-BKYURJJWSA-N (2e,4e)-n-[2-[[(2r,3r,4r,5r,6s)-2-[(1s)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(7h-purin-6-ylamino)oxan-3-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]tetradeca-2,4-dienamide Chemical compound O1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)CO)[C@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)/C=C/C=C/CCCCCCCCC)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1NC1=NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 LQIPDFIUPOYMPR-BKYURJJWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTSFKYMMVSEWPP-BVFKYQGHSA-N (2r,3r,4r,5r)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol;(2r,3s,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O LTSFKYMMVSEWPP-BVFKYQGHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUHPRPJDBZHYCJ-SECBINFHSA-N (2s)-2-(5-benzoylthiophen-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound S1C([C@H](C(O)=O)C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GUHPRPJDBZHYCJ-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAALWFYYHHJEFQ-ZASNTINBSA-N (2s,5r,6r)-6-[[(2r)-2-[[6-[4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfamoyl]phenyl]-2-oxo-1h-pyridine-3-carbonyl]amino]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound N([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)C(C(N1)=O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(CCO)CCO)C=C1 NAALWFYYHHJEFQ-ZASNTINBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-QTVWNMPRSA-N (3r,4s,5r,6r)-3-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,4,5-triol Chemical compound N[C@H]1C(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-QTVWNMPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-RSVSWTKNSA-N (3r,4s,5s,6r)-3-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,4,5-triol Chemical compound N[C@H]1C(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-RSVSWTKNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M (4z)-1-(3-methylbutyl)-4-[[1-(3-methylbutyl)quinolin-1-ium-4-yl]methylidene]quinoline;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C12=CC=CC=C2N(CCC(C)C)C=CC1=CC1=CC=[N+](CCC(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C12 QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MWWSFMDVAYGXBV-FGBSZODSSA-N (7s,9s)-7-[(2r,4s,5r,6s)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7h-tetracene-5,12-dione;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(=O)CO)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 MWWSFMDVAYGXBV-FGBSZODSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPHYPKKFSHAVOE-YZIXBPQXSA-N (7s,9s)-7-[(2r,4s,5s,6s)-4-amino-6-methyl-5-[(2r)-oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7h-tetracene-5,12-dione;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.O([C@H]1[C@@H](N)C[C@@H](O[C@H]1C)O[C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]1CCCCO1 ZPHYPKKFSHAVOE-YZIXBPQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHTVZRBIWZFKQO-AWEZNQCLSA-N (S)-chloroquine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C2C(N[C@@H](C)CCCN(CC)CC)=CC=NC2=C1 WHTVZRBIWZFKQO-AWEZNQCLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWBNMYSKRDRHAT-RCWTXCDDSA-N (S)-timolol hemihydrate Chemical compound O.CC(C)(C)NC[C@H](O)COC1=NSN=C1N1CCOCC1.CC(C)(C)NC[C@H](O)COC1=NSN=C1N1CCOCC1 TWBNMYSKRDRHAT-RCWTXCDDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSJULBMCKQTTIG-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,1,1,2,3,4,4,4-octafluorobut-2-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(/F)=C(\F)C(F)(F)F WSJULBMCKQTTIG-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LONWRQOYFPYMQD-DTQAZKPQSA-N (e)-n-[6-methoxy-5-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-pyrimidin-2-ylpyrimidin-4-yl]-2-phenylethenesulfonamide Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C(=NC(=N1)C=2N=CC=CN=2)OC)=C1NS(=O)(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 LONWRQOYFPYMQD-DTQAZKPQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COQIQRBKEGPRSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)propane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F COQIQRBKEGPRSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FNVLGCVAWPSVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-tetradecafluorocycloheptane Chemical compound FC1(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)F FNVLGCVAWPSVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKIMETXDACNTIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-dodecafluorocyclohexane Chemical compound FC1(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)F RKIMETXDACNTIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIROQPWSJUXOJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6-undecafluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)F QIROQPWSJUXOJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWMJXZJISGDARB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-decafluorocyclopentane Chemical compound FC1(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)F PWMJXZJISGDARB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCNXQFASJTYKDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5-nonafluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopentane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)F BCNXQFASJTYKDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIWUYWQUYMZILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluoro-5,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)cyclopentane Chemical class FC(F)(F)C1(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)F CIWUYWQUYMZILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVXOHSHODRJTCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4-heptafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)cyclobutane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)F ZVXOHSHODRJTCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXGPGHBYAPBDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoro-4,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)cyclobutane Chemical class FC(F)(F)C1(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)F TXGPGHBYAPBDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUFJLVUCHXMKKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoro-3,4,4-tris(trifluoromethyl)cyclobutane Chemical class FC(F)(F)C1(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C1(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F YUFJLVUCHXMKKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVJOQYFQSQJDDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,4-octafluorobut-1-ene Chemical class FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ZVJOQYFQSQJDDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGPPATCNSOSOQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3,4,4-hexafluorobuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)C(F)=C(F)F LGPPATCNSOSOQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMGNHZVUZWILSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(2-chloroethylsulfanyl)ethane Chemical compound ClCCSCCSCCCl AMGNHZVUZWILSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CITHEXJVPOWHKC-UUWRZZSWSA-N 1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC CITHEXJVPOWHKC-UUWRZZSWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940058015 1,3-butylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HJTAZXHBEBIQQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-bis(chloromethyl)naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCl)=CC=CC2=C1CCl HJTAZXHBEBIQQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJQMDQDQXJDXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-pentoxyphenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CCCCCOC1=CC=C(C(C)=O)C=C1 KJQMDQDQXJDXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100025573 1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- LEBVLXFERQHONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide Chemical compound CCCCN1CCCCC1C(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C LEBVLXFERQHONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFPYWIDHMRZLRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 17alpha-ethynyl estradiol Natural products OC1=CC=C2C3CCC(C)(C(CC4)(O)C#C)C4C3CCC2=C1 BFPYWIDHMRZLRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMVPQBFHUJZJCS-NTKFZFFISA-N 1v8x590xdp Chemical compound O=C1N(NC(CO)CO)C(=O)C(C2=C3[CH]C=C(O)C=C3NC2=C23)=C1C2=C1C=CC(O)=C[C]1N3[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O QMVPQBFHUJZJCS-NTKFZFFISA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOMFXATYAINJML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Acetylthiazole Chemical group CC(=O)C1=NC=CS1 MOMFXATYAINJML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEBUJFMRSBAMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-{[3,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-phosphanyloxan-4-yl]oxy}-3,5-dihydroxy-6-({[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-4-yl)oxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl phosphinite Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(OC2C(C(OP)C(O)C(CO)O2)O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(CO)OC(P)C2O)O)O1 FEBUJFMRSBAMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBYNJKLOYWCXEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-(dimethylamino)-6-dimethylazaniumylidenexanthen-9-yl]-4-isothiocyanatobenzoate Chemical compound C=12C=CC(=[N+](C)C)C=C2OC2=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC(N=C=S)=CC=C1C([O-])=O OBYNJKLOYWCXEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-CBPJZXOFSA-N 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-mannopyranose Chemical compound N[C@@H]1C(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-CBPJZXOFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SPCKHVPPRJWQRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzhydryloxy-n,n-dimethylethanamine;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O.C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OCCN(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 SPCKHVPPRJWQRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYGSXEYUWRFVNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pyran-2-ylidenepropanedinitrile Chemical class N#CC(C#N)=C1OC=CC=C1 KYGSXEYUWRFVNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010062075 20-O-(Nalpha-(4-(3-O-methylfucopyranosyloxy)phenylaminothiocarbonyl)histidylvalyl)camptothecin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OALHHIHQOFIMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3',6'-dihydroxy-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodo-3h-spiro[2-benzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-3-one Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1OC1=C(I)C(O)=C(I)C=C21 OALHHIHQOFIMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUIABRMSWOKTOF-OYALTWQYSA-N 3-[[2-[2-[2-[[(2s,3r)-2-[[(2s,3s,4r)-4-[[(2s,3r)-2-[[6-amino-2-[(1s)-3-amino-1-[[(2s)-2,3-diamino-3-oxopropyl]amino]-3-oxopropyl]-5-methylpyrimidine-4-carbonyl]amino]-3-[(2r,3s,4s,5s,6s)-3-[(2r,3s,4s,5r,6r)-4-carbamoyloxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)ox Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O.N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](O)C)C(=O)NCCC=1SC=C(N=1)C=1SC=C(N=1)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)[C@@H](O[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O1)O[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](OC(N)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)C=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)C1=NC([C@H](CC(N)=O)NC[C@H](N)C(N)=O)=NC(N)=C1C WUIABRMSWOKTOF-OYALTWQYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002729 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- RQUOCHFGQWNYPI-SHYZEUOFSA-N 3-fluoro-1-[(2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound FN1C(N([C@H]2C[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)C=CC1=O)=O RQUOCHFGQWNYPI-SHYZEUOFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFOOTBBXHJHHMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-diphenyl-1-propan-2-ylpiperidine Chemical compound C1CN(C(C)C)CCC1(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 CFOOTBBXHJHHMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMUSYJAQQFHJEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-Azacytidine Natural products O=C1N=C(N)N=CN1C1C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 NMUSYJAQQFHJEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAUDJQYHKZQPEU-KVQBGUIXSA-N 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)N=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)C1 XAUDJQYHKZQPEU-KVQBGUIXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMUSYJAQQFHJEW-KVTDHHQDSA-N 5-azacytidine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)N=CN1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 NMUSYJAQQFHJEW-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJOHLWZHWQUKAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-azaniumylpentan-2-yl-(6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl)azanium;dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O.N1=CC=CC2=CC(OC)=CC(NC(C)CCCN)=C21 GJOHLWZHWQUKAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOVKYSAHUYNSMH-RRKCRQDMSA-N 5-bromodeoxyuridine Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(Br)=C1 WOVKYSAHUYNSMH-RRKCRQDMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJYVEMPWNAYQQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-carboxyfluorescein Chemical compound C12=CC=C(O)C=C2OC2=CC(O)=CC=C2C21OC(=O)C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 NJYVEMPWNAYQQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMZMTOFQCVHHFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine Chemical compound C=12C=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[O+]C2=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C([O-])=O YMZMTOFQCVHHFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZTDTCNHAFUJOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-carboxyfluorescein Chemical compound C12=CC=C(O)C=C2OC2=CC(O)=CC=C2C11OC(=O)C2=CC=C(C(=O)O)C=C21 BZTDTCNHAFUJOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVIAGPKUTFNRDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6S-folinic acid Natural products C1NC=2NC(N)=NC(=O)C=2N(C=O)C1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 VVIAGPKUTFNRDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KABRXLINDSPGDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-bromoisoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CN=CC2=CC(Br)=CC=C21 KABRXLINDSPGDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJIJXIFQYOPWTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-hydroxycoumarin Natural products O1C(=O)C=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 CJIJXIFQYOPWTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBCZSGKMGDDXIJ-HQCWYSJUSA-N 7-hydroxystaurosporine Chemical compound N([C@H](O)C1=C2C3=CC=CC=C3N3C2=C24)C(=O)C1=C2C1=CC=CC=C1N4[C@H]1C[C@@H](NC)[C@@H](OC)[C@]3(C)O1 PBCZSGKMGDDXIJ-HQCWYSJUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUXVKZWTXQUGMW-FQEVSTJZSA-N 9-Aminocamptothecin Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=C2C=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@]5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 FUXVKZWTXQUGMW-FQEVSTJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKGPJODWTZCHGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-3h-purine-6-thione Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(CO)OC1N1C(NC=NC2=S)=C2N=C1 NKGPJODWTZCHGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDALETGZDYOOGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acridone Natural products C1=C(O)C=C2N(C)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1O GDALETGZDYOOGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000024893 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000014697 Acute lymphocytic leukaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RPHLQSHHTJORHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adrenochrome Chemical compound O=C1C(=O)C=C2N(C)CC(O)C2=C1 RPHLQSHHTJORHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052695 Americium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OVCDSSHSILBFBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Amodiaquine Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(CN(CC)CC)=CC(NC=2C3=CC=C(Cl)C=C3N=CC=2)=C1 OVCDSSHSILBFBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010002198 Anaphylactic reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101100339431 Arabidopsis thaliana HMGB2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 description 1
- BFYIZQONLCFLEV-DAELLWKTSA-N Aromasine Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)(C(CC4)=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CC(=C)C2=C1 BFYIZQONLCFLEV-DAELLWKTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010024976 Asparaginase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000351920 Aspergillus nidulans Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930003347 Atropine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- WOVKYSAHUYNSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N BROMODEOXYURIDINE Natural products C1C(O)C(CO)OC1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(Br)=C1 WOVKYSAHUYNSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052694 Berkelium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010005006 Bladder cancer stage 0, with cancer in situ Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010039209 Blood Coagulation Factors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000015081 Blood Coagulation Factors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010005949 Bone cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010006187 Breast cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010006189 Breast cancer in situ Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000026310 Breast neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001260012 Bursa Species 0.000 description 1
- WALWJYZWNSPWOL-PEIQMCPGSA-N C(CC)(=O)O.C(CC)(=O)O.C(CC)(=O)O.C(CC)(=O)O.C(CC)(=O)O.O[C@@H]1[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO Chemical compound C(CC)(=O)O.C(CC)(=O)O.C(CC)(=O)O.C(CC)(=O)O.C(CC)(=O)O.O[C@@H]1[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO WALWJYZWNSPWOL-PEIQMCPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WALWJYZWNSPWOL-OIZHYANNSA-N C(CC)(=O)O.C(CC)(=O)O.C(CC)(=O)O.C(CC)(=O)O.C(CC)(=O)O.O[C@H]1[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO Chemical compound C(CC)(=O)O.C(CC)(=O)O.C(CC)(=O)O.C(CC)(=O)O.C(CC)(=O)O.O[C@H]1[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO WALWJYZWNSPWOL-OIZHYANNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-NCYAZFSZSA-N C(CC)(=O)OC1[C@H](OC(CC)=O)[C@@H](OC(CC)=O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](OC(CC)=O)[C@@H](OC(CC)=O)[C@@H](OC(CC)=O)[C@H](O2)COC(CC)=O)[C@H](O1)COC(CC)=O Chemical compound C(CC)(=O)OC1[C@H](OC(CC)=O)[C@@H](OC(CC)=O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](OC(CC)=O)[C@@H](OC(CC)=O)[C@@H](OC(CC)=O)[C@H](O2)COC(CC)=O)[C@H](O1)COC(CC)=O DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-NCYAZFSZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVAKPLUUZARCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCC)(=O)C(C(O)(C(CCCC)=O)C(CCCC)=O)(O)CO Chemical compound C(CCCC)(=O)C(C(O)(C(CCCC)=O)C(CCCC)=O)(O)CO KVAKPLUUZARCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052686 Californium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102100029968 Calreticulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000549 Calreticulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- SHHKQEUPHAENFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carboquone Chemical compound O=C1C(C)=C(N2CC2)C(=O)C(C(COC(N)=O)OC)=C1N1CC1 SHHKQEUPHAENFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010007390 Carcinoma in situ of skin Diseases 0.000 description 1
- AOCCBINRVIKJHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carmofur Chemical compound CCCCCCNC(=O)N1C=C(F)C(=O)NC1=O AOCCBINRVIKJHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CXRFDZFCGOPDTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C CXRFDZFCGOPDTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JWBOIMRXGHLCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloditan Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(Cl)C=1C(C(Cl)Cl)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 JWBOIMRXGHLCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000001258 Cinchona calisaya Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PBEVPBFDKPJIOM-HQKLUXGTSA-N Cl.Cl.C12=C3N4C5=CC=CC=C5C3=C3CNC(=O)C3=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1[C@H]1C[C@](OC)(COC(=O)CCNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCCN)[C@]4(C)O1 Chemical compound Cl.Cl.C12=C3N4C5=CC=CC=C5C3=C3CNC(=O)C3=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1[C@H]1C[C@](OC)(COC(=O)CCNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCCN)[C@]4(C)O1 PBEVPBFDKPJIOM-HQKLUXGTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052685 Curium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 108090000695 Cytokines Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004127 Cytokines Human genes 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-CBPJZXOFSA-N D-Gulose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-CBPJZXOFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-WHZQZERISA-N D-aldose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-WHZQZERISA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-IVMDWMLBSA-N D-allopyranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-IVMDWMLBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-mannomethylose Natural products CC1OC(O)C(O)C(O)C1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWIZNVHXZXRPDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-melezitose Natural products O1C(CO)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(O)C(CO)OC1(CO)OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1O QWIZNVHXZXRPDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N D-ribofuranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-SVZMEOIVSA-N D-talosamine Chemical compound N[C@@H]1C(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-SVZMEOIVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000004568 DNA-binding Effects 0.000 description 1
- WEAHRLBPCANXCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Daunomycin Natural products CCC1(O)CC(OC2CC(N)C(O)C(C)O2)c3cc4C(=O)c5c(OC)cccc5C(=O)c4c(O)c3C1 WEAHRLBPCANXCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCYAFALTSJYZDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Desimpramine Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2N(CCCNC)C2=CC=CC=C21 HCYAFALTSJYZDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXPXYPLPSDPERN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ecteinascidin 743 Natural products COc1cc2C(NCCc2cc1O)C(=O)OCC3N4C(O)C5Cc6cc(C)c(OC)c(O)c6C(C4C(S)c7c(OC(=O)C)c(C)c8OCOc8c37)N5C XXPXYPLPSDPERN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052690 Einsteinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Elaidinsaeure-aethylester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SAMRUMKYXPVKPA-VFKOLLTISA-N Enocitabine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C=CN1[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 SAMRUMKYXPVKPA-VFKOLLTISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004386 Erythritol Substances 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erythritol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFPYWIDHMRZLRN-SLHNCBLASA-N Ethinyl estradiol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@](CC4)(O)C#C)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 BFPYWIDHMRZLRN-SLHNCBLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000013452 Fallopian tube neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052687 Fermium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 108010073385 Fibrin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000009123 Fibrin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- BWGVNKXGVNDBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fibrin monomer Chemical compound CNC(=O)CNC(=O)CN BWGVNKXGVNDBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000018233 Fibroblast Growth Factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050007372 Fibroblast Growth Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100024785 Fibroblast growth factor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000379 Fibroblast growth factor 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010022355 Fibroins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100037362 Fibronectin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010067306 Fibronectins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000012841 Gamma-heavy chain disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYHBQMYGNKIUIF-UUOKFMHZSA-N Guanosine Chemical class C1=NC=2C(=O)NC(N)=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O NYHBQMYGNKIUIF-UUOKFMHZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001326189 Gyrodactylus prostae Species 0.000 description 1
- 108700010013 HMGB1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150021904 HMGB1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexa-Ac-myo-Inositol Natural products CC(=O)OC1C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C1OC(C)=O SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100037907 High mobility group protein B1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000017604 Hodgkin disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010747 Hodgkins lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DOMWKUIIPQCAJU-LJHIYBGHSA-N Hydroxyprogesterone caproate Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(C)=O)(OC(=O)CCCCC)[C@@]1(C)CC2 DOMWKUIIPQCAJU-LJHIYBGHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSNHCAURESNICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyurea Chemical compound NC(=O)NO VSNHCAURESNICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKUNBYITZUJHSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hyosciamin-hydrochlorid Natural products CN1C(C2)CCC1CC2OC(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 RKUNBYITZUJHSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010062767 Hypophysitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XQFRJNBWHJMXHO-RRKCRQDMSA-N IDUR Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(I)=C1 XQFRJNBWHJMXHO-RRKCRQDMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDXDZDZNSLXDNA-TZNDIEGXSA-N Idarubicin Chemical compound C1[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1C2=C(O)C(C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C3=O)=C3C(O)=C2C[C@@](O)(C(C)=O)C1 XDXDZDZNSLXDNA-TZNDIEGXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000007866 Immunoproliferative Small Intestinal Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PWWVAXIEGOYWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isophenergan Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(CC(C)N(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 PWWVAXIEGOYWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000007766 Kaposi sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WTDRDQBEARUVNC-LURJTMIESA-N L-DOPA Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 WTDRDQBEARUVNC-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTDRDQBEARUVNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-Dopa Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 WTDRDQBEARUVNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VSOAQEOCSA-N L-altropyranose Chemical compound OC[C@@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VSOAQEOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P L-argininium(2+) Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(O)=O ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-JFNONXLTSA-N L-rhamnopyranose Chemical compound C[C@@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-JFNONXLTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNNNRSAQSRJVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-rhamnose Natural products CC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PNNNRSAQSRJVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005411 L01XE02 - Gefitinib Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002136 L01XE07 - Lapatinib Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIARLYUEJFELEN-LROUJFHJSA-N LSM-1231 Chemical compound C12=C3N4C5=CC=CC=C5C3=C3C(=O)NCC3=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1[C@]1(C)[C@](CO)(O)C[C@H]4O1 UIARLYUEJFELEN-LROUJFHJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNIWLNAGKUGXDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lactosamine Natural products OC1C(N)C(O)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 PNIWLNAGKUGXDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000005099 Langerhans cell histiocytosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010069698 Langerhans' cell histiocytosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052766 Lawrencium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010024305 Leukaemia monocytic Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010000817 Leuprolide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010024557 Lip neoplasm malignant stage unspecified Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000028018 Lymphocytic leukaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000004322 M2 macrophage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108010058398 Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010025638 Malignant mast cell neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010025652 Malignant melanoma in situ Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010025910 Malignant neoplasm of eye Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010061269 Malignant peritoneal neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052764 Mendelevium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010027406 Mesothelioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930192392 Mitomycin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 208000034578 Multiple myelomas Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000016943 Muramidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010014251 Muramidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-bis{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}glycine Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(=O)O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010062010 N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- LKJPYSCBVHEWIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide Chemical compound C=1C=C(C#N)C(C(F)(F)F)=CC=1NC(=O)C(O)(C)CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LKJPYSCBVHEWIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHVYPIQETPWLSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-pyrrolidine Natural products CN1CC=CC1 AHVYPIQETPWLSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011785 NMRI mouse Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011786 NMRI nude mouse Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010028851 Necrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101710204212 Neocarzinostatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052781 Neptunium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MSHZHSPISPJWHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol Chemical compound O1C(CC=C(C)C)C1(C)C1C(OC)C(OC(=O)NC(=O)CCl)CCC21CO2 MSHZHSPISPJWHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010061535 Ovarian neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002201 Oxidized cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010057150 Peplomycin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000027190 Peripheral T-cell lymphomas Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RGCVKNLCSQQDEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perphenazine Chemical compound C1CN(CCO)CCN1CCCN1C2=CC(Cl)=CC=C2SC2=CC=CC=C21 RGCVKNLCSQQDEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIJVFDBKTWXHHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Physostigmine Natural products C12=CC(OC(=O)NC)=CC=C2N(C)C2C1(C)CCN2C PIJVFDBKTWXHHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000007452 Plasmacytoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052778 Plutonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Poloxamer Chemical compound C1CO1.CC1CO1 RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002732 Polyanhydride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002685 Polyoxyl 35CastorOil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052773 Promethium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VVWYOYDLCMFIEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propantheline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C(C)C)C(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 VVWYOYDLCMFIEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010060862 Prostate cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000000236 Prostatic Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinacridone Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C1C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3NC1=C2 NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHHFEZNOXOZZQA-ZEBDFXRSSA-N Ranimustine Chemical compound CO[C@H]1O[C@H](CNC(=O)N(CCCl)N=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O AHHFEZNOXOZZQA-ZEBDFXRSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N Ribose Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002305 Schizophyllan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108020004459 Small interfering RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Streptozotocin Natural products O=NN(C)C(=O)NC1C(O)OC(CO)C(O)C1O ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000031673 T-Cell Cutaneous Lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000031672 T-Cell Peripheral Lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-OUBTZVSYSA-N Technetium-99 Chemical compound [99Tc] GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PDMMFKSKQVNJMI-BLQWBTBKSA-N Testosterone propionate Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H](OC(=O)CC)[C@@]1(C)CC2 PDMMFKSKQVNJMI-BLQWBTBKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDLRUFUQRNWCPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraxetan Chemical compound OC(=O)CN1CCN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC1 WDLRUFUQRNWCPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOCVUCIESVLUNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiotepa Chemical compound C1CN1P(N1CC1)(=S)N1CC1 FOCVUCIESVLUNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOOTYTYQINUNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethyl citrate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)OCC)CC(=O)OCC DOOTYTYQINUNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWHLPVGTWGOCJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trihexyphenidyl Chemical group C1CCCCC1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(O)CCN1CCCCC1 HWHLPVGTWGOCJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAECOWNUKCLBPZ-HIUWNOOHSA-N Triolein Natural products O([C@H](OCC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC)C(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC BAECOWNUKCLBPZ-HIUWNOOHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioleoylglycerol Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000002495 Uterine Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 208000004354 Vulvar Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000033559 Waldenström macroglobulinemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-OUBTZVSYSA-N Yttrium-90 Chemical compound [90Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJXPQHZNBYQILT-WGNIKBMLSA-N [(2R,3R,4S,5R)-4,5,6-tris(2-methylpropanoyloxy)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-tris(2-methylpropanoyloxy)-6-(2-methylpropanoyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound C(C(C)C)(=O)OC1[C@H](OC(C(C)C)=O)[C@@H](OC(C(C)C)=O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](OC(C(C)C)=O)[C@@H](OC(C(C)C)=O)[C@@H](OC(C(C)C)=O)[C@H](O2)COC(C(C)C)=O)[C@H](O1)COC(C(C)C)=O KJXPQHZNBYQILT-WGNIKBMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001344 [(2S,3S,4R,5R)-4-acetyloxy-2,5-bis(acetyloxymethyl)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxolan-3-yl] acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-ZQBYOMGUSA-N [14c]-nicotinamide Chemical compound N[14C](=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXZAHYVPNJSPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(4-ethoxybenzoyl)oxyphenyl] 4-ethoxybenzoate Chemical compound C1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1C(=O)OC(C=C1)=CC=C1OC(=O)C1=CC=C(OCC)C=C1 CXZAHYVPNJSPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXNIBPDSSDVBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2-methylpropanoic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CC(C)C(O)=O QXNIBPDSSDVBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USZYSDMBJDPRIF-SVEJIMAYSA-N aclacinomycin A Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O[C@H]1C)O[C@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O[C@H]1C)O[C@H]1C[C@]([C@@H](C2=CC=3C(=O)C4=CC=CC(O)=C4C(=O)C=3C(O)=C21)C(=O)OC)(O)CC)N(C)C)[C@H]1CCC(=O)[C@H](C)O1 USZYSDMBJDPRIF-SVEJIMAYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004176 aclarubicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FZEYVTFCMJSGMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 FZEYVTFCMJSGMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003926 acrylamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052768 actinide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001255 actinides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-YCNIQYBTSA-N all-trans-retinoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-YCNIQYBTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000026935 allergic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007815 allergy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-D-Furanose-Ribose Natural products OCC1OC(O)C(O)C1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YVPYQUNUQOZFHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N amidotrizoic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=C(I)C(NC(C)=O)=C(I)C(C(O)=O)=C1I YVPYQUNUQOZFHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSDQTOBWRPYKKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N amiloride Chemical compound NC(=N)NC(=O)C1=NC(Cl)=C(N)N=C1N XSDQTOBWRPYKKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002576 amiloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960000836 amitriptyline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KRMDCWKBEZIMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N amitriptyline Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2C(=CCCN(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C21 KRMDCWKBEZIMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001444 amodiaquine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002550 amrubicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VJZITPJGSQKZMX-XDPRQOKASA-N amrubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@](CC2=C(O)C=3C(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4C(=O)C=3C(O)=C21)(N)C(=O)C)[C@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO1 VJZITPJGSQKZMX-XDPRQOKASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002255 anal canal Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940035676 analgesics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036783 anaphylactic response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000003455 anaphylaxis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960002932 anastrozole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YBBLVLTVTVSKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N anastrozole Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C#N)C)=CC(CN2N=CN=C2)=C1 YBBLVLTVTVSKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940035674 anesthetics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010539 anionic addition polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000730 antalgic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000049 anti-anxiety effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001078 anti-cholinergic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940127003 anti-diabetic drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940124599 anti-inflammatory drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000340 anti-metabolite Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000842 anti-protozoal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003416 antiarrhythmic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000935 antidepressant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005513 antidepressants Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003472 antidiabetic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000612 antigen-presenting cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940030225 antihemorrhagics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125715 antihistaminic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000739 antihistaminic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940100197 antimetabolite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002256 antimetabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000939 antiparkinson agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125688 antiparkinson agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940036589 antiprotozoals Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000164 antipsychotic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005529 antipsychotics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000436 anus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002249 anxiolytic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002413 aortic body Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000006907 apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001479 arabinose derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic trioxide Inorganic materials O1[As]2O[As]1O2 GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002594 arsenic trioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052789 astatine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYXHOMYVWAEKHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N astatine atom Chemical compound [At] RYXHOMYVWAEKHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKUNBYITZUJHSG-SPUOUPEWSA-N atropine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@H]2CC[C@@H](C1)N2C)C(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 RKUNBYITZUJHSG-SPUOUPEWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000396 atropine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003403 autonomic nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000005182 autonomic nervous system neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960002756 azacitidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BOFZOTMTKBQRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;2-carboxyphenolate Chemical compound N.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O BOFZOTMTKBQRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PGJHGXFYDZHMAV-UHFFFAOYSA-K azanium;cerium(3+);disulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Ce+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PGJHGXFYDZHMAV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229960002707 bendamustine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YTKUWDBFDASYHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bendamustine Chemical compound ClCCN(CCCl)C1=CC=C2N(C)C(CCCC(O)=O)=NC2=C1 YTKUWDBFDASYHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPFJLLXFNPCTDW-BWSPSPBFSA-N benzatropine mesylate Chemical compound CS([O-])(=O)=O.O([C@H]1C[C@H]2CC[C@@H](C1)[NH+]2C)C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 CPFJLLXFNPCTDW-BWSPSPBFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940024774 benztropine mesylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002903 benzyl benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PWVKJRSRVJTHTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N berkelium atom Chemical compound [Bk] PWVKJRSRVJTHTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N beta-cyclodextrin Chemical compound OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O3)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]1CO WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004853 betadex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003445 biliary tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920002988 biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004621 biodegradable polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008512 biological response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940088623 biologically active substance Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000000545 bladder carcinoma in situ Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003969 blast cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960004395 bleomycin sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003114 blood coagulation factor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000182 blood factors Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- UBJAHGAUPNGZFF-XOVTVWCYSA-N bms-184476 Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@@H]2[C@]3(OC(C)=O)CO[C@@H]3C[C@@H]([C@]2(C(=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)C2=C(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C=3C=CC=CC=3)C=3C=CC=CC=3)C[C@]1(O)C2(C)C)C)OCSC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 UBJAHGAUPNGZFF-XOVTVWCYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GMJWGJSDPOAZTP-MIDYMNAOSA-N bms-188797 Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H]2[C@@](C([C@H](OC(C)=O)C3=C(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C=4C=CC=CC=4)C=4C=CC=CC=4)C[C@]1(O)C3(C)C)=O)(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]1OC[C@]12OC(=O)OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GMJWGJSDPOAZTP-MIDYMNAOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001467 bortezomib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000005389 breast carcinoma in situ Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DBZJJPROPLPMSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromoeosin Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=C1OC1=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=C21 DBZJJPROPLPMSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000621 bronchi Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229950004398 broxuridine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QIHLUZAFSSMXHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N budipine Chemical compound C1CN(C(C)(C)C)CCC1(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 QIHLUZAFSSMXHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002452 budipine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003150 bupivacaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019437 butane-1,3-diol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HGLDOAKPQXAFKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N californium atom Chemical compound [Cf] HGLDOAKPQXAFKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002619 cancer immunotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001460 carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002115 carboquone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003857 carboxamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229960003261 carmofur Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001011 carotid body Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000845 cartilage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940097647 casodex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010538 cationic polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000022131 cell cycle Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000030833 cell death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002490 cerebral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZDYWEUILIUIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-J cerium(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Ce+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O VZDYWEUILIUIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 210000003679 cervix uteri Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- XOUKCBASQKGKGX-RJCFZKRGSA-N chembl111767 Chemical compound O=C([C@]1(O)CC)OCC(C(N2CC3=4)=O)=C1C=C2C3=NC1=CC=CC=C1C=4\C=N\OCC1=CC=CC=C1 XOUKCBASQKGKGX-RJCFZKRGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQCIQDNWBGEGRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1614651 Chemical compound O=C1C2=C(O)C=CC(O)=C2N2N=C(CNCCO)C3=CC=C(NCCCN)C1=C32 IQCIQDNWBGEGRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPEWULDFOYJQLR-XYQXTPBESA-N chembl298802 Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@]2(O)C[C@@H](C(=C([C@@H](OC(C)=O)C(=O)[C@]3(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)\C=C\C=4C=CC(=CC=4)C(=O)C=4C=CC=CC=4)C[C@H]4OC[C@]4([C@H]31)OC(C)=O)C2(C)C)C)OC(=O)C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RPEWULDFOYJQLR-XYQXTPBESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940044683 chemotherapy drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000038 chest Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960004630 chlorambucil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JCKYGMPEJWAADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorambucil Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1 JCKYGMPEJWAADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003677 chloroquine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WHTVZRBIWZFKQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroquine Natural products ClC1=CC=C2C(NC(C)CCCN(CC)CC)=CC=NC2=C1 WHTVZRBIWZFKQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001747 cinchocaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PUFQVTATUTYEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinchocaine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(OCCCC)=CC(C(=O)NCCN(CC)CC)=C21 PUFQVTATUTYEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011281 clinical therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000928 clofarabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WDDPHFBMKLOVOX-AYQXTPAHSA-N clofarabine Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC(Cl)=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1F WDDPHFBMKLOVOX-AYQXTPAHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011260 co-administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002648 combination therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007408 cone-beam computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-IGMARMGPSA-N copper-64 Chemical compound [64Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000023963 corpus uteri neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- POADTFBBIXOWFJ-VWLOTQADSA-N cositecan Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC[Si](C)(C)C)=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@]5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 POADTFBBIXOWFJ-VWLOTQADSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004775 coumarins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001907 coumarones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003792 cranial nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009109 curative therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000030381 cutaneous melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- SLFGIOIONGJGRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyamemazine Chemical compound C1=C(C#N)C=C2N(CC(CN(C)C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 SLFGIOIONGJGRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004278 cyamemazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940127089 cytotoxic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001295 dansyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(N(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])=C2C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C(C2=C1[H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003109 daunorubicin hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006237 degradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MWOPHYKKEDTKAZ-HKBQPEDESA-N delimotecan Chemical compound C1=C(OCCCNC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)CN)C=C2C(CC)=C(CN3C(C4=C([C@@](C(=O)OC4)(O)CC)C=C33)=O)C3=NC2=C1 MWOPHYKKEDTKAZ-HKBQPEDESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003914 desipramine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004807 desolvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000605 dexrazoxane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005423 diatrizoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UMNKXPULIDJLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)Cl UMNKXPULIDJLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940099364 dichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DCOPUUMXTXDBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diclofenac Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1NC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl DCOPUUMXTXDBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001259 diclofenac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCCOCCO XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940075557 diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LFQCJSBXBZRMTN-OAQYLSRUSA-N diflomotecan Chemical compound CC[C@@]1(O)CC(=O)OCC(C2=O)=C1C=C1N2CC2=CC3=CC(F)=C(F)C=C3N=C21 LFQCJSBXBZRMTN-OAQYLSRUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940105990 diglycerin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)CO GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003724 dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000520 diphenhydramine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XJWSAJYUBXQQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C XJWSAJYUBXQQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960003638 dopamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005521 doramapimod Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005426 doxepin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ODQWQRRAPPTVAG-GZTJUZNOSA-N doxepin Chemical compound C1OC2=CC=CC=C2C(=C/CCN(C)C)/C2=CC=CC=C21 ODQWQRRAPPTVAG-GZTJUZNOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWAOHEXOSAUJHY-ZIYNGMLESA-N doxifluridine Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(F)=C1 ZWAOHEXOSAUJHY-ZIYNGMLESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005454 doxifluridine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XAKLYHGHEFMDAP-IAXKEJLGSA-N drf-1042 Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C(C(OCCO)N3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@]5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 XAKLYHGHEFMDAP-IAXKEJLGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002961 echo contrast media Substances 0.000 description 1
- CKBRQZNRCSJHFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N einsteinium atom Chemical compound [Es] CKBRQZNRCSJHFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005264 electron capture Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950011487 enocitabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003265 epirubicin hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KAQKFAOMNZTLHT-VVUHWYTRSA-N epoprostenol Chemical compound O1C(=CCCCC(O)=O)C[C@@H]2[C@@H](/C=C/[C@@H](O)CCCCC)[C@H](O)C[C@@H]21 KAQKFAOMNZTLHT-VVUHWYTRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001123 epoprostenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008029 eradication Effects 0.000 description 1
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940009714 erythritol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019414 erythritol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N erythritol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001766 estramustine phosphate sodium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IIUMCNJTGSMNRO-VVSKJQCTSA-L estramustine sodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].ClCCN(CCCl)C(=O)OC1=CC=C2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)OP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 IIUMCNJTGSMNRO-VVSKJQCTSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WCDWBPCFGJXFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N etanidazole Chemical compound OCCNC(=O)CN1C=CN=C1[N+]([O-])=O WCDWBPCFGJXFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006566 etanidazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004756 ethanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002568 ethinylestradiol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N ethyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093471 ethyl oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVYVPGLRVWUPMP-FYSMJZIKSA-N exatecan Chemical compound C1C[C@H](N)C2=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@]5(O)CC)C4=NC3=CC(F)=C(C)C1=C32 ZVYVPGLRVWUPMP-FYSMJZIKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950009429 exatecan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000255 exemestane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003414 extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001508 eye Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003195 fascia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000001752 female genitalia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000010255 female reproductive organ cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MIORUQGGZCBUGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N fermium Chemical compound [Fm] MIORUQGGZCBUGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950003499 fibrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940126864 fibroblast growth factor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000008825 fibrosarcoma of bone Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000390 fludarabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005304 fludarabine phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHMNJMPURVTYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC(N=C=S)=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(O)C=C1OC1=CC(O)=CC=C21 MHMNJMPURVTYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012632 fluorescent imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000034287 fluorescent proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091006047 fluorescent proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- YLRFCQOZQXIBAB-RBZZARIASA-N fluoxymesterone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@](C)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O YLRFCQOZQXIBAB-RBZZARIASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001751 fluoxymesterone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MKXKFYHWDHIYRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N flutamide Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(C(F)(F)F)=C1 MKXKFYHWDHIYRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002074 flutamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VVIAGPKUTFNRDU-ABLWVSNPSA-N folinic acid Chemical compound C1NC=2NC(N)=NC(=O)C=2N(C=O)C1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 VVIAGPKUTFNRDU-ABLWVSNPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008191 folinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011672 folinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000003444 follicular lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000002256 galaktoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000232 gallbladder Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GDSRMADSINPKSL-HSEONFRVSA-N gamma-cyclodextrin Chemical compound OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O3)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]1CO GDSRMADSINPKSL-HSEONFRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940080345 gamma-cyclodextrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002584 gefitinib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005144 gemcitabine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001415 gene therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003193 general anesthetic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004392 genitalia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- UIVFUQKYVFCEKJ-OPTOVBNMSA-N gimatecan Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(\C=N\OC(C)(C)C)=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@]5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 UIVFUQKYVFCEKJ-OPTOVBNMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005150 glycerol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000023597 hemostasis Effects 0.000 description 1
- WBCLXFIDEDJGCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoro-2-butyne Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C#CC(F)(F)F WBCLXFIDEDJGCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMIYKQLTONQJES-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F WMIYKQLTONQJES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKGYJVXSKCDGOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane;propan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(C)O.CCCCCC QKGYJVXSKCDGOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010562 histological examination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940121372 histone deacetylase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003276 histone deacetylase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940042795 hydrazides for tuberculosis treatment Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001330 hydroxycarbamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000801 hydroxyprogesterone caproate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009217 hyperthermia therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003026 hypopharynx Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960001176 idarubicin hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002454 idoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960004716 idoxuridine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KTUFNOKKBVMGRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imatinib Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1CC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC=2C=C(NC=3N=C(C=CN=3)C=3C=NC=CC=3)C(C)=CC=2)C=C1 KTUFNOKKBVMGRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002411 imatinib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940124669 imidazoquinoline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BCGWQEUPMDMJNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N imipramine Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2N(CCCN(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C21 BCGWQEUPMDMJNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004801 imipramine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005931 immune cell recruitment Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002163 immunogen Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037449 immunogenic cell death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000025095 immunoproliferative disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960003444 immunosuppressant agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003018 immunosuppressive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N inositol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000367 inositol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007917 intracranial administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003228 intrahepatic bile duct Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010255 intramuscular injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007927 intramuscular injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBQNWMBBSKPBAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodixanol Chemical compound IC=1C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C(I)C=1N(C(=O)C)CC(O)CN(C(C)=O)C1=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C1I NBQNWMBBSKPBAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004359 iodixanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NTHXOOBQLCIOLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iohexol Chemical compound OCC(O)CN(C(=O)C)C1=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C1I NTHXOOBQLCIOLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001025 iohexol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NJKDOADNQSYQEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N iomeprol Chemical compound OCC(=O)N(C)C1=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C1I NJKDOADNQSYQEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000780 iomeprol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XQZXYNRDCRIARQ-LURJTMIESA-N iopamidol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)C(=O)NC1=C(I)C(C(=O)NC(CO)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NC(CO)CO)=C1I XQZXYNRDCRIARQ-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004647 iopamidol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940029407 ioxaglate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- TYYBFXNZMFNZJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ioxaglic acid Chemical compound CNC(=O)C1=C(I)C(N(C)C(C)=O)=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(=O)NC=2C(=C(C(=O)NCCO)C(I)=C(C(O)=O)C=2I)I)=C1I TYYBFXNZMFNZJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000779 irinotecan hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- SXQFCVDSOLSHOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactamide Chemical compound CC(O)C(N)=O SXQFCVDSOLSHOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOVBXGDYENZJBJ-ONMPCKGSSA-N lactosamine Chemical compound O=C[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O DOVBXGDYENZJBJ-ONMPCKGSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004891 lapatinib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BCFGMOOMADDAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lapatinib Chemical compound O1C(CNCCS(=O)(=O)C)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N=CN=C2NC=3C=C(Cl)C(OCC=4C=C(F)C=CC=4)=CC=3)C2=C1 BCFGMOOMADDAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000867 larynx Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- CNQCVBJFEGMYDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lawrencium atom Chemical compound [Lr] CNQCVBJFEGMYDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003881 letrozole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HPJKCIUCZWXJDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N letrozole Chemical compound C1=CC(C#N)=CC=C1C(N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 HPJKCIUCZWXJDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000027884 letterer-Siwe disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960001691 leucovorin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GFIJNRVAKGFPGQ-LIJARHBVSA-N leuprolide Chemical compound CCNC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1N=CNC=1)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)CC1)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 GFIJNRVAKGFPGQ-LIJARHBVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004338 leuprorelin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QDLAGTHXVHQKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N lichenxanthone Natural products COC1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C3=C(C)C=C(OC)C=C3OC2=C1 QDLAGTHXVHQKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003041 ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000006721 lip cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003589 local anesthetic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005015 local anesthetics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZEKZLJVOYLTDKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lomefloxacin Chemical compound FC1=C2N(CC)C=C(C(O)=O)C(=O)C2=CC(F)=C1N1CCNC(C)C1 ZEKZLJVOYLTDKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002422 lomefloxacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000037841 lung tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RVFGKBWWUQOIOU-NDEPHWFRSA-N lurtotecan Chemical compound O=C([C@]1(O)CC)OCC(C(N2CC3=4)=O)=C1C=C2C3=NC1=CC=2OCCOC=2C=C1C=4CN1CCN(C)CC1 RVFGKBWWUQOIOU-NDEPHWFRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950002654 lurtotecan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001365 lymphatic vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000025036 lymphosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008176 lyophilized powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004325 lysozyme Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010335 lysozyme Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000274 lysozyme Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002540 macrophage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000260 male genitalia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000006812 malignant histiocytosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000845 maltitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010449 maltitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N maltitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940035436 maltitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001855 mannitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002483 medication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002985 medroxyprogesterone acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PSGAAPLEWMOORI-PEINSRQWSA-N medroxyprogesterone acetate Chemical compound C([C@@]12C)CC(=O)C=C1[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@]2(C)[C@@](OC(C)=O)(C(C)=O)CC[C@H]21 PSGAAPLEWMOORI-PEINSRQWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001962 mefloquine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004296 megestrol acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RQZAXGRLVPAYTJ-GQFGMJRRSA-N megestrol acetate Chemical compound C1=C(C)C2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(C)=O)(OC(=O)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 RQZAXGRLVPAYTJ-GQFGMJRRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000001441 melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QWIZNVHXZXRPDR-WSCXOGSTSA-N melezitose Chemical compound O([C@@]1(O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)O)CO)CO)[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O QWIZNVHXZXRPDR-WSCXOGSTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- MQVSLOYRCXQRPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N mendelevium atom Chemical compound [Md] MQVSLOYRCXQRPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000901 mepacrine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NZWOPGCLSHLLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacholine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC(C)OC(C)=O NZWOPGCLSHLLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003145 methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QCAWEPFNJXQPAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxyfenozide Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C(=O)NN(C(=O)C=2C=C(C)C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)=C1C QCAWEPFNJXQPAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004292 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010270 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002216 methylparaben Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IMBXEJJVJRTNOW-XYMSELFBSA-N methylprednisolone succinate Chemical compound C([C@@]12C)=CC(=O)C=C1[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@@](O)(C(=O)COC(=O)CCC(O)=O)CC[C@H]21 IMBXEJJVJRTNOW-XYMSELFBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950009831 methylprednisolone succinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MJFJKKXQDNNUJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N metixene Chemical compound C1N(C)CCCC1CC1C2=CC=CC=C2SC2=CC=CC=C21 MJFJKKXQDNNUJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005103 metixene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000282 metronidazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VAOCPAMSLUNLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N metronidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=C([N+]([O-])=O)N1CCO VAOCPAMSLUNLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010603 microCT Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QZUHFMXJZOUZFI-ZQHSETAFSA-N miproxifene phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=C(C(C)C)C=CC=1C(/CC)=C(C=1C=CC(OP(O)(O)=O)=CC=1)\C1=CC=C(OCCN(C)C)C=C1 QZUHFMXJZOUZFI-ZQHSETAFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000350 mitotane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KKZJGLLVHKMTCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N mitoxantrone Chemical compound O=C1C2=C(O)C=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1C(NCCNCCO)=CC=C2NCCNCCO KKZJGLLVHKMTCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001156 mitoxantrone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001616 monocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000006894 monocytic leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- HDZGCSFEDULWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N monomethylhydrazine Chemical compound CNN HDZGCSFEDULWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AARXZCZYLAFQQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N motexafin gadolinium Chemical compound [Gd].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.C1=C([N-]2)C(CC)=C(CC)C2=CC(C(=C2C)CCCO)=NC2=CN=C2C=C(OCCOCCOCCOC)C(OCCOCCOCCOC)=CC2=NC=C2C(C)=C(CCCO)C1=N2 AARXZCZYLAFQQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940035363 muscle relaxants Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000025113 myeloid leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000000050 myeloid neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000004985 myeloid-derived suppressor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003158 myorelaxant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- OCKHRKSTDPOHEN-BQYQJAHWSA-N n-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-n-[2-[(e)-2-(1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-4-yl)ethenyl]phenyl]acetamide Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)N(C(C)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1\C=C\C1=CC=[N+]([O-])C=C1 OCKHRKSTDPOHEN-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphinimyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)P(=N)(N(C)C)N(C)C GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 210000003928 nasal cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001989 nasopharynx Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000013188 needle biopsy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000801 nelarabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IXOXBSCIXZEQEQ-UHTZMRCNSA-N nelarabine Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(OC)=NC(N)=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O IXOXBSCIXZEQEQ-UHTZMRCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZGIWPZCWHMVQL-UIYAJPBUSA-N neocarzinostatin chromophore Chemical compound O1[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC)[C@H]1O[C@@H]1C/2=C/C#C[C@H]3O[C@@]3([C@@H]3OC(=O)OC3)C#CC\2=C[C@H]1OC(=O)C1=C(O)C=CC2=C(C)C=C(OC)C=C12 QZGIWPZCWHMVQL-UIYAJPBUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFNLGNPSGWYGGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N neptunium atom Chemical compound [Np] LFNLGNPSGWYGGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000653 nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MDJFHRLTPRPZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nimorazole Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CN=CN1CCN1CCOCC1 MDJFHRLTPRPZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004918 nimorazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001420 nimustine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005419 nitrogen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORQBXQOJMQIAOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nobelium Chemical compound [No] ORQBXQOJMQIAOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012038 nucleophile Substances 0.000 description 1
- BCCOBQSFUDVTJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octafluorocyclobutane Chemical compound FC1(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)F BCCOBQSFUDVTJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019407 octafluorocyclobutane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QYSGYZVSCZSLHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octafluoropropane Chemical class FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F QYSGYZVSCZSLHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000008106 ocular cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000005443 oral cavity cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000007062 oral cavity carcinoma in situ Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000000920 organ at risk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003300 oropharynx Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- BWKDAMBGCPRVPI-ZQRPHVBESA-N ortataxel Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@]23OC(=O)O[C@H]2[C@@H](C(=C([C@@H](OC(C)=O)C(=O)[C@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]4OC[C@]4([C@H]21)OC(C)=O)C3(C)C)C)OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(C)C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BWKDAMBGCPRVPI-ZQRPHVBESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002905 orthoesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003101 oviduct Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940107304 oxidized cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QUANRIQJNFHVEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxirane;propane-1,2,3-triol Chemical compound C1CO1.OCC(O)CO QUANRIQJNFHVEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940094443 oxytocics prostaglandins Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003254 palate Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002741 palatine tonsil Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000496 pancreas Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002990 parathyroid gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003681 parotid gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- QOFFJEBXNKRSPX-ZDUSSCGKSA-N pemetrexed Chemical compound C1=N[C]2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 QOFFJEBXNKRSPX-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005079 pemetrexed Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003899 penis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- XDRYMKDFEDOLFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamidine Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=N)N)=CC=C1OCCCCCOC1=CC=C(C(N)=N)C=C1 XDRYMKDFEDOLFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004448 pentamidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002340 pentostatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QIMGFXOHTOXMQP-GFAGFCTOSA-N peplomycin Chemical compound N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](O)C)C(=O)NCCC=1SC=C(N=1)C=1SC=C(N=1)C(=O)NCCCN[C@@H](C)C=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@@H](O[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O1)O[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](OC(N)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)C=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)C1=NC([C@H](CC(N)=O)NC[C@H](N)C(N)=O)=NC(N)=C1C QIMGFXOHTOXMQP-GFAGFCTOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950003180 peplomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KAVGMUDTWQVPDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N perflubutane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F KAVGMUDTWQVPDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGUZHRODIJCVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluoroheptane Chemical class FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F LGUZHRODIJCVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJIJAJXFLBMLCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorohexane Chemical class FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ZJIJAJXFLBMLCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJCBUSHGCBERSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluoropentane Chemical class FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F NJCBUSHGCBERSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000029255 peripheral nervous system cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960000762 perphenazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940067631 phospholipid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004962 physiological condition Effects 0.000 description 1
- PIJVFDBKTWXHHD-HIFRSBDPSA-N physostigmine Chemical compound C12=CC(OC(=O)NC)=CC=C2N(C)[C@@H]2[C@@]1(C)CCN2C PIJVFDBKTWXHHD-HIFRSBDPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001697 physostigmine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PHUTUTUABXHXLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N pindolol Chemical compound CC(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=NC=C[C]12 PHUTUTUABXHXLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002508 pindolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000004560 pineal gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003635 pituitary gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002826 placenta Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000024361 placenta neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000031223 plasma cell leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010626 plasma cell neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000004224 pleura Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N plutonium atom Chemical compound [Pu] OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000502 poloxamer Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012643 polycondensation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008389 polyethoxylated castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RQXCLMGKHJWMOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pridinol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(O)CCN1CCCCC1 RQXCLMGKHJWMOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003195 pridinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005179 primaquine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- REQCZEXYDRLIBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N procainamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCNC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 REQCZEXYDRLIBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000244 procainamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000624 procarbazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004405 prodipine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SSOLNOMRVKKSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N proguanil Chemical compound CC(C)\N=C(/N)N=C(N)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 SSOLNOMRVKKSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005385 proguanil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000770 proinflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003910 promethazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N promethium atom Chemical compound [Pm] VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000697 propantheline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003712 propranolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003180 prostaglandins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940127293 prostanoid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003814 prostanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003065 pyriform sinus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000008318 pyrimidones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrylium Chemical compound C1=CC=[O+]C=C1 WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPKJTRJOBQGKQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinacrine Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C=C2C(NC(C)CCCN(CC)CC)=C(C=CC(Cl)=C3)C3=NC2=C1 GPKJTRJOBQGKQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001404 quinidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000948 quinine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002185 ranimustine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003289 regulatory T cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000009571 retroperitoneal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MUSLHCJRTRQOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine 101 Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=CC=2CCCN3CCCC(C=23)=C1O1)=C2C1=C(CCC1)C3=[N+]1CCCC3=C2 MUSLHCJRTRQOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHRURASPPZQGQM-GCCNXGTGSA-N romidepsin Chemical compound O1C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)C(=C/C)/NC(=O)[C@H]2CSSCC\C=C\[C@@H]1CC(=O)N[C@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N2 OHRURASPPZQGQM-GCCNXGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- VHXNKPBCCMUMSW-FQEVSTJZSA-N rubitecan Chemical compound C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C2C=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@]5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 VHXNKPBCCMUMSW-FQEVSTJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubrene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003079 salivary gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- LBGFKUUHOPIEMA-PEARBKPGSA-N sapacitabine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C=CN1[C@H]1[C@@H](C#N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 LBGFKUUHOPIEMA-PEARBKPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001732 sebaceous gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQDJGEHQDNVPGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N serine phosphoethanolamine Chemical compound [NH3+]CCOP([O-])(=O)OCC([NH3+])C([O-])=O UQDJGEHQDNVPGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940076279 serotonin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000019491 signal transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000813 small intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- DZMVCVHATYROOS-ZBFGKEHZSA-N soblidotin Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N(C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)[C@H](OC)CC(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](C)C(=O)NCCC1=CC=CC=C1 DZMVCVHATYROOS-ZBFGKEHZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010047846 soblidotin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229960000776 sodium tetradecyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UPUIQOIQVMNQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;tetradecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O UPUIQOIQVMNQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960003787 sorafenib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002920 sorbitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940063673 spermidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940063675 spermine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000278 spinal cord Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- PWEBUXCTKOWPCW-UHFFFAOYSA-L squarate Chemical compound [O-]C1=C([O-])C(=O)C1=O PWEBUXCTKOWPCW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000011272 standard treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007155 step growth polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010254 subcutaneous injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007929 subcutaneous injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940013883 sucrose octaacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur hexafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000909 sulfur hexafluoride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YBBRCQOCSYXUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl dichloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)(=O)=O YBBRCQOCSYXUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000106 sweat gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKPFODGZWDEEBT-QFIAKTPHSA-N taxane Chemical class C([C@]1(C)CCC[C@@H](C)[C@H]1C1)C[C@H]2[C@H](C)CC[C@@H]1C2(C)C DKPFODGZWDEEBT-QFIAKTPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N technetium atom Chemical compound [Tc] GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001674 tegafur Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WFWLQNSHRPWKFK-ZCFIWIBFSA-N tegafur Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(F)=CN1[C@@H]1OCCC1 WFWLQNSHRPWKFK-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004876 tela submucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960001278 teniposide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NRUKOCRGYNPUPR-QBPJDGROSA-N teniposide Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O[C@@H](OC[C@H]4O3)C=3SC=CC=3)O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=C1 NRUKOCRGYNPUPR-QBPJDGROSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MODVSQKJJIBWPZ-VLLPJHQWSA-N tesetaxel Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@@H]2[C@]3(OC(C)=O)CO[C@@H]3CC[C@@]2(C)[C@H]2[C@@H](C3=C(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C=4C(=CC=CN=4)F)C[C@]1(O)C3(C)C)O[C@H](O2)CN(C)C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MODVSQKJJIBWPZ-VLLPJHQWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001550 testis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960001712 testosterone propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960002372 tetracaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GKCBAIGFKIBETG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracaine Chemical compound CCCCNC1=CC=C(C(=O)OCCN(C)C)C=C1 GKCBAIGFKIBETG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003698 tetramethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- MPLHNVLQVRSVEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N texas red Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=CC=C1C(C1=CC=2CCCN3CCCC(C=23)=C1O1)=C2C1=C(CCC1)C3=[N+]1CCCC3=C2 MPLHNVLQVRSVEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940126585 therapeutic drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001196 thiotepa Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002537 thrombolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RZWIIPASKMUIAC-VQTJNVASSA-N thromboxane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[C@H]1OCCC[C@@H]1CCCCCCC RZWIIPASKMUIAC-VQTJNVASSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thulium atom Chemical compound [Tm] FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001541 thymus gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000002510 thyroid cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960001312 tiaprofenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004605 timolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003106 tissue adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000451 tissue damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000827 tissue damage Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K titanium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)Cl YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 201000006134 tongue cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XFCLJVABOIYOMF-QPLCGJKRSA-N toremifene Chemical compound C1=CC(OCCN(C)C)=CC=C1C(\C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C(\CCCl)C1=CC=CC=C1 XFCLJVABOIYOMF-QPLCGJKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005026 toremifene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- PKVRCIRHQMSYJX-AIFWHQITSA-N trabectedin Chemical compound C([C@@]1(C(OC2)=O)NCCC3=C1C=C(C(=C3)O)OC)S[C@@H]1C3=C(OC(C)=O)C(C)=C4OCOC4=C3[C@H]2N2[C@@H](O)[C@H](CC=3C4=C(O)C(OC)=C(C)C=3)N(C)[C@H]4[C@@H]21 PKVRCIRHQMSYJX-AIFWHQITSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003437 trachea Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960001727 tretinoin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LADGBHLMCUINGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricaprin Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC LADGBHLMCUINGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001069 triethyl citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl citrate Natural products CCOC(=O)C(O)(C(=O)OCC)C(=O)OCC VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013769 triethyl citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001032 trihexyphenidyl Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VMPHSYLJUKZBJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilaurin Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC VMPHSYLJUKZBJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N triolein Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- ORHBXUUXSCNDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N umbelliferone Chemical compound C1=CC(=O)OC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 ORHBXUUXSCNDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFTAFOQKODTIJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N umbelliferone Natural products Cc1cc2C=CC(=O)Oc2cc1OCC=CC(C)(C)O HFTAFOQKODTIJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000626 ureter Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003708 urethra Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001635 urinary tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000024719 uterine cervix neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000004291 uterus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001215 vagina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000013139 vaginal neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000005526 vasoconstrictor agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YTZALCGQUPRCGW-ZSFNYQMMSA-N verteporfin Chemical compound N1C(C=C2C(=C(CCC(O)=O)C(C=C3C(CCC(=O)OC)=C(C)C(N3)=C3)=N2)C)=C(C=C)C(C)=C1C=C1C2=CC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@@H](C(=O)OC)[C@@]2(C)C3=N1 YTZALCGQUPRCGW-ZSFNYQMMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003048 vinblastine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KDQAABAKXDWYSZ-PNYVAJAMSA-N vinblastine sulfate Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.C([C@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(=O)OC)N3C)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1NC1=CC=CC=C21 KDQAABAKXDWYSZ-PNYVAJAMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004982 vinblastine sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JXLYSJRDGCGARV-XQKSVPLYSA-N vincaleukoblastine Chemical compound C([C@@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(=O)OC)N3C)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1NC1=CC=CC=C21 JXLYSJRDGCGARV-XQKSVPLYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004528 vincristine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N vincristine Chemical compound C([N@]1C[C@@H](C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C([C@]56[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]7(CC)C=CCN([C@H]67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)C[C@@](C1)(O)CC)CC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N vincristine Natural products C1C(CC)(O)CC(CC2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C(C56C(C(C(OC(C)=O)C7(CC)C=CCN(C67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)CN1CCC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002110 vincristine sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AQTQHPDCURKLKT-JKDPCDLQSA-N vincristine sulfate Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.C([C@@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(=O)OC)N3C=O)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1NC1=CC=CC=C21 AQTQHPDCURKLKT-JKDPCDLQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005212 vindesine sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GBABOYUKABKIAF-GHYRFKGUSA-N vinorelbine Chemical compound C1N(CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=22)CC(CC)=C[C@H]1C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C1=CC([C@]23[C@H]([C@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]4(CC)C=CCN([C@H]34)CC2)(O)C(=O)OC)N2C)=C2C=C1OC GBABOYUKABKIAF-GHYRFKGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002066 vinorelbine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002166 vinorelbine tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GBABOYUKABKIAF-IWWDSPBFSA-N vinorelbinetartrate Chemical compound C1N(CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=22)CC(CC)=C[C@H]1C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C1=CC(C23[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]4(CC)C=CCN([C@H]34)CC2)(O)C(=O)OC)N2C)=C2C=C1OC GBABOYUKABKIAF-IWWDSPBFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940061392 visudyne Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- WAEXFXRVDQXREF-UHFFFAOYSA-N vorinostat Chemical compound ONC(=O)CCCCCCC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 WAEXFXRVDQXREF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000237 vorinostat Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003905 vulva Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003732 xanthenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940004212 yondelis Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-AHCXROLUSA-N ytterbium-169 Chemical compound [169Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-AHCXROLUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950009268 zinostatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FYQZGCBXYVWXSP-STTFAQHVSA-N zinostatin stimalamer Chemical compound O1[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC)[C@H]1OC1C/2=C/C#C[C@H]3O[C@@]3([C@H]3OC(=O)OC3)C#CC\2=C[C@H]1OC(=O)C1=C(C)C=CC2=C(C)C=C(OC)C=C12 FYQZGCBXYVWXSP-STTFAQHVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950009233 zinostatin stimalamer Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
- A61K9/0024—Solid, semi-solid or solidifying implants, which are implanted or injected in body tissue
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Definitions
- the present invention provides a delivery system for local delivery of immunomodulating compounds.
- Biomaterials for use as drug delivery systems have found wide interest for treatment of multiple diseases and conditions in humans and animals, such as pain, inflammation, infection, allergy, and cancer. Advanced imaging techniques are furthermore important to diagnose patients and guide advanced treatments such as surgery and radiotherapy and new contrast agents and biomaterials to guide such procedures are of great importance.
- the present invention provides injectable liquids that gels or solidifies after administration to human or animal body after which it provides a system for controlled drug release and/or acts as a tissue marker for imaging by one or multiple imaging modalities.
- US6413536 describe formulations for drug delivery based on a hydrophobic gel matrix consisting of organic solvent, a saccharide ester based on sucrose derivatives such as SAIB or other poly-ols and one or several drugs.
- EP1 173151 B1 and US7666844 describes injectable micro-implants for intramuscular or subcutaneous injection of hormones, antidiabetic drugs, growth factors, and blood factors.
- the injectable formulations are based on derivatized carbohydrates.
- the needle formed solid micro-implants are thought to be so small, that they can be injected by the patient him/herself by some manual device.
- EP1042339 and US6352722 describes isomers of derivatives of sucrose, lactose, cellobiose and trehalose for drug delivery.
- the medicinal molecules are incorporated in a solid carbohydrate matrix by either mixing it with solvent following evaporation or by melting the carbohydrates and then mixing them with the drug, which results in a solid matrix to be administered to the patient.
- Radiotherapy is an important part of modern cancer treatment and more than 50% of cancer patients receive radiotherapy at least once.
- Modern radiotherapy relies on advanced high precision planning, treatment equipment and imaging techniques (such as, e.g., computed tomography (CT), positron-emission tomography (PET) and magnetic imaging resonance (MRI)) in order to deliver high radiation doses to a precisely defined target in patients.
- Newer treatment regimes include photodynamic therapy, high intensity ultrasound therapy, and methods for thermal ablation to create tissue damage.
- a tissue marker should enable tracking of tissue movement; be visible on several image modalities; be visible for an extended period (e.g., at least 4 weeks); be non-toxic; and be easy to insert.
- EP1006935 describes a composition for controlled release of a substance
- WO9403155 describes a hydrogel composition prepared from a backbone bonded to a cross-linking agent.
- the hydrogels may be loaded with therapeutic drugs and diagnostic labels, including X-ray contrast imaging agents for disease diagnostics and treatment.
- US20120065614 discloses a hybrid system for bio imaging. Gold is bound into a matrix comprising a hydrogel or polymer or similar.
- a substantially bi concave shaped nanoparticle is disclosed, the nanoparticle comprising an aqueous inner core and a hydrophilic outer shell comprising an amphiphilic polymer.
- US20091 10644 discloses a nanoparticle consisting of a polymer which is a metal chelating agent coated with a magnetic metal oxide, wherein at least one active agent is covalently bound to the polymer.
- a metal chelating agent coated with a magnetic metal oxide wherein at least one active agent is covalently bound to the polymer.
- biodegradable compositions are disclosed by modifying terminal groups of synthetic and natural biodegradable polymers such as polylactones with iodinated moieties and in SE403255 a contrast agent is disclosed that comprises a polymer comprising hydroxy- and/or carboxy- and/or amino groups further comprising X-ray contrast giving iodo-substituted aromatic groups.
- a contrast agent comprises a polymer comprising hydroxy- and/or carboxy- and/or amino groups further comprising X-ray contrast giving iodo-substituted aromatic groups.
- the document WO9519184 discloses air encapsulating micro particles formed by ionotropically gelling synthetic polyelectrolytes such as poly(carboxylato-phenoxy)phosphazene, poly(acrylic acid),
- Radiotherapy attempts to stimulate the immune system to reject and destroy tumors.
- Radiotherapy induces tumor cell death by several mechanisms, one represented by induction of immunogenic cell death that leads to secretion of immunogenic proteins like Calreticulin and HMGB1 , and small molecules like ATP. These factors activate antigen-presenting cells like monocytes, dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages in the tumor
- the cells phagocytose dead tumor cells and cell components, and migrate to local lymph nodes to raise an antigen specific response against antigens from the resident dead tumor cells.
- TLR Toll Like Receptor
- radiotherapy with chemotherapeutic drugs or radiosensitizers is also highly interesting for combination therapies if efficient drug delivery systems were available.
- One aim of the present invention is to provide new formulations comprising gel-forming, low-viscosity systems that are easy to administer parenterally, and wherein the present invention provides good control of drug release that modulates immunogenic response and potentially also
- the present invention relates to a composition for use as controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient that modulates an immunogenic response in a human or animal body, said composition comprising non-water soluble carbohydrates and wherein the composition is a liquid before administration into the human or animal body and increases in viscosity by more than 1 ,000 centipoise (cP) after administration.
- a composition for use as controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient that modulates an immunogenic response in a human or animal body said composition comprising non-water soluble carbohydrates and wherein the composition is a liquid before administration into the human or animal body and increases in viscosity by more than 1 ,000 centipoise (cP) after administration.
- CP centipoise
- Figure 1 In vitro studies of gel forming systems comprised of non- water soluble carbohydrates
- Figure 2 In vitro release of isoniazide from 80% gel-compositions with different hydrophobicities.
- Figure 3 In vitro release of fluorescein from 80% gel-compositions with different hydrophobicities.
- Figure 4 In vitro release of Eosin Y from 80% gel-compositions with different hydrophobicities.
- Figure 5 In vitro release of 5-fluorouracil (5 FU) from 80% gel- compositions with different hydrophobicity.
- Figure 6 In vitro release of 5-fluorouracil (5 FU) from 80% gel- compositions of lactose propionate formulations.
- Figure 7 In vitro release of 5-fluorouracil (5 FU) from 75% lactose propionate+ 5% additive and 80% lactose propionate formulations.
- Figure 8 In vitro release of 5-fluorouracil (5 FU) from raffinose and trehalose ester formulations consisting of 80% gel-forming carbohydrate material and 20% solvent.
- Figure 9 In vitro release of 5-fluorouracil (5 FU) from glucosamine and maltose ester formulations consisting of 80-65% gel-forming carbohydrate material and 20-35% solvent.
- Figure 10 In vitro release of 5-fluorouracil (5 FU) from lactose esters formulations.
- Figure 1 1 In vitro release of 5-fluorouracil (5 FU) from lactose isobutyrate formulations.
- Figure 12 In vitro release of gemcitabine HCI from 80% lactose ester formulations with different hydrophobicity.
- Figure 13 In vitro release of gemcitabine HCI from 80% maltose and glucosamine ester formulations.
- Figure 14 In vitro release of gemcitabine HCI from 80% maltose and glucosamine ester formulations.
- Figure 16 In vitro release of tirapazamine from 80% lactose ester formulations.
- Figure 18 In vivo gel stability evaluation of lactose isobutyrate gels by CT: CT-scans of mice injected with 25-30 uL of a lactose
- isobutyrate:lodoSAIB:EtOH 75:5:20 (% w/w) gel formulation The tumors treated with radiotherapy were exposed to three radiations of 5 gray each (day 2, day 3 and day 4 out of a period of 6 days). The white arrows indicate the location of the radiopaque gel-depots.
- Figure 19 Histological cross section of the tumor area showing diffusion of Hoechst 33342 from the lactose isobutyrate gel depots. These images represent cryo-sections made from tumors taken out at 1 day and day 6 post-injection. Intra-tumoral injection of the gel results in gaps in tumor sections as can also be seen in the image. The white line indicates the contour of the tumor section.
- Figure 21 Release of lomeguatrib from lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 or lactose isobutyrate-triglyceride formulations.
- Figure 22 a Release of Tirapazamine from lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 and lactose isobutyrate -triglyceride formulations with and without 5-15% propylene carbonate or 1 -0,25% cellulose acetate butyrate (Mn ⁇ 12.000).
- Figure 23 Release of temozolomide from lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 or lactose isobutyrate-triglyceride formulations with or without 5-10% organic solvent or 1 -0,25% Cellulose acetate isobutyrate (CAB).
- CAB Cellulose acetate isobutyrate
- Figure 24 Release of methotrexate from lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 -triglyceride formulations with 15-25% propylene carbonate.
- Figure 25 a Release of 5 FU from lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 or lactose isobutyrate-triglyceride formulations.
- Figure 25 b Release of 5 FU from lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 or lactose isobutyrate-triglyceride formulations.
- Figure 26 a Release from high concentration 5 FU lactose isobutyrate gel formulations.
- Figure 28 a Release of 5 FU from lactose acetate:propionate regioisomer-triglyceride/EtOH formulations.
- Figure 29 Release of 5 FU from trehalose acetate:propionate regioisomer-triglyceride formulations.
- Figure 30a Tumor growth curve and survival from a Fadu Xenograft mouse model in vivo study with 5-FU release from Lactose isobutyrate:GTO fomulations injected directly in tumor.
- Figure 30b Tumor growth curve and survival from a Fadu Xenograft mouse model in vivo study with 5-FU release from Lactose isobutyrate:GTO fomulations injected directly in tumor.
- the present invention discloses a composition for use as controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient that modulates an immunogenic response in a human or animal body, said composition comprising non-water soluble carbohydrates and wherein the composition is a liquid before administration into the human or animal body and increases in viscosity by more than 1 ,000 centipoise (cP) after administration.
- cP centipoise
- Non-water soluble carbohydrates refers to carbohydrates that are insoluble in water, which is defined as carbohydrates that precipitates when the concentration exceeds 0.1 M at 25 degrees Celsius.
- a “gel” is defined as a carrier matrix in which the detectable agent (contrast agent) or active pharmaceutical ingredient is dispersed and/or dissolved within.
- the term "gel” as used in the present invention includes systems such as gels or amorphous glass matrices, crystalline solids, amormphous solids, which upon injection into a human or an animal increases viscosity where the composition changes from being liquid like to gel like in its appearance.
- a "marker” or “tissue marker” is a detectable agent or composition which does not move, or stays
- a tissue marker can, for example, comprise one or more X-ray contrast agents, radioactive compounds, paramagnetic compounds, fluorescent agents, ultrasound contrast agent, agents visable with PET imaging, or other detectable agents.
- imageable tissue marker or “imageable marker” comprises a detectable agent in a form and/or a sufficient amount to allow for detection of the tissue marker by an external imaging modality if administered or implanted into a mammalian body.
- external imaging modalities include, but are not limited to, X-ray imaging, CT imaging, MRI, PET imaging, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, nuclear scintigraphy imaging, ultrasonography imaging, ultrasonic imaging, near- infrared imaging and/or fluorescence imaging.
- hydrofobicity we refer to the effect that molecule is seemingly repelled from water, which means that it has a very low solubitlity in water.
- viscosity we refer to that the viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress
- gel-like compound or material we refer to any compound comprising some of the properties of a gel i.e. a material that exhibits limited flow when in the steady-state.
- gels are mostly liquid, yet they behave like solids due to a three-dimensional interacitons within the liquid. It is the interactions within the fluid that gives a gel its structure (hardness) and contributes to the adhesive stick.
- gels are a dispersion of molecules of a liquid within a solid in which the solid is the continuous phase and the liquid is the discontinuous phase providing a gellike material with a higher viscosity than for that of a liquid.
- drug “medicament”, “agent”, or “pharmaceutical agent” as used herein include, biologically, physiologically, or pharmacologically active substances that act locally or systemically in the human or animal body.
- beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, alleviation of symptoms, diminishment of extent of disease, stabilized (i.e., not worsening) condition, delay or slowing of progression or worsening of condition/symptoms, amelioration or palliation of the condition or symptoms, and remission (whether partial or total), whether detectable or undetectable.
- the formulation is preferably in the form adapted for parenteral administration and/or for administration using topical route, and should preferably consist of pharmaceutically acceptable constituents.
- the viscosity of the formulation after injection in the body of a human or animal increases by at least 50 %, such as at least 80 %, such as at least 100 %, or at least 150 %, or at least 200 %, or at least 300 %, or at least 500 %, or at least 750 %, or at least 1000 %, or at least 10,000%, or that the formulation becomes essentially solid (non-viscous).
- the formulation is preferably adapted for injection via a thin needle used for injection into a body or surgical related procedures, such as but not limited to biopsy.
- the viscosity of the gel-forming formulation before injection can be any suitable viscosity such that the formulation can be parenterally
- Exemplary formulations include, but are not limited to, those having a viscosity (prior to administration/injection) lower than 10,000 centipoise (cP), e.g. lower than 2,000 cP, such as 10 to 2,000 cP, such as 20 to 1 ,000 cP, such as 150 to 350 cP, such as 400 to 600 cP, such as 600 to 1 ,200 cP or such as 1 ,000 to 2,000 cP, or 10 to 600 cP, or 20 to 350 cP, at 20 °C.
- cP centipoise
- Alternative formulations include, but are not limited to, those having a viscosity (prior to administration/injection) lower than 10,000 centipoise (cP), e.g. lower than 2,000 cP, such as 10 to 2,000 cP, such as 20 to 1 ,000 cP, such as 150 to 350 cP, such as 400 to 600 cP, such as 600 to 1 ,200 cP or such as 1 ,000 to 2,000 cP, or 10 to 600 cP, or 20 to 350 cP, at 5 °C.
- the (dynamic) viscosity is measured at the specified temperature in accordance with the method described in ASTM D7483.
- Gels in the present invention are formed by hydrophobic interactions and/or physical (non-covalent) cross-links by complexation, hydrogen bonding, desolvation, Van der Waals interactions, ionic bonding, combinations thereof, and the like, and may be initiated by mixing two precursors that are physically separated until combined in situ, or as a consequence of a prevalent condition in the physiological environment.
- Chemical (covalent) cross linking may be accomplished by any of a number of mechanisms, including free radical polymerization, condensation polymerization, anionic or cationic polymerization, step growth polymerization, electrophile-nucleophile reactions, combinations thereof, and the like.
- the gel forming compositions may be loaded with organic x-ray agents such as iodinated polymers or sugars and nanoparticles or submicron particles either prior to or during gel formation, such as when the gel is in a liquid state or in transition to the gel-state, e.g., by diffusion into the gel composition.
- organic x-ray agents such as iodinated polymers or sugars and nanoparticles or submicron particles either prior to or during gel formation, such as when the gel is in a liquid state or in transition to the gel-state, e.g., by diffusion into the gel composition.
- These x-ray agents or particles may either be entrapped in the hydrogel matrix without any chemical bond, or they may be bonded, non- covalently or covalently, to the gel composition.
- the organic x-ray agents may be one component in the gel and the particles another component, where the particles are either a contrast agent for imaging by x-ray, MRI, PET, SPECT, fluorescence , HI
- Pharmaceutical agents may be, but not limited to, radiosensitzers, chemotherapeutics, immunomodulators, anesthetics or hormones.
- MRI agents such as gadolinium may be a component in the gel forming systems.
- Pharmaceutical agents can furthermore be covalent or non- covalently embedded in the gel.
- the gelled or solidified formulation typically provides a well defined gel that remains at the injection site for several days, weeks or months and may conatin an assembly of imaging contrast agents which provides contrast in e.g. X-ray imaging, and which may serve as a tissue marker, thus, enabling tracking of tissue or tumor movement during e.g. radiotherapy or surgical procedures.
- the gel forming system may be used for aid or guidance of one or more external or internal stimuli (or a combination of both). It may also be used in combination with external or internal stimuli to enhance the
- the gel forming system may be used in combination with photodynamic therapy (PDT) in combination with a drug (photosensitizer or photosensitizing agent) with a specific type of light to kill cancer cells.
- PDT photodynamic therapy
- the gel forming system may be used in combination with hyperthermia based treatments such as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA) and laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT), but not limited to those.
- HIFU high-intensity focused ultrasound
- RMA radiofrequency thermal ablation
- LITT laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy
- the gel forming system may be used to direct or aid in delivery of acoustic energy into the desired tissue thereby destroying the diseased tissue by e.g. thermal ablation (coagulation necrosis).
- the gel forming system may be used to direct or aid in insertion of the needle electrode into the target site for use in radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA).
- the gel forming system may be used to direct or aid in Laser- induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) to ensure correct laser irradiation of the target tissue.
- LITT Laser- induced interstitial thermotherapy
- Suitable gel-forming components include those composed of organic constituents such as derivatized saccharides such as esterified saccharides, derivatized polyols such as esterified polyols, polymers, lipids, peptides, proteins, low molecular weight gelators and non-water soluble high-viscosity liquid carrier materials as well as combinations hereof.
- the hydration sensitive gel forming component is hydrophobic saccharides.
- Preferred scaffolds are monosaccharides, disaccharides, trisaccharides, or oligosaccharides.
- Other suitable alcohol moieties include those derived by removing one or more hydrogen atoms from: monofunctional C1 -C20 alcohols, difunctional C1 -C20 alcohols, trifunctional alcohols, hydroxy-containing carboxylic acids, hydroxy- containing amino acids, phosphate-containing alcohols, tetrafunctional alcohols, sugar alcohols, monosaccharides, and disaccharides, sugar acids, and polyether polyols.
- alcohol moieties may include one or more of: dodecanol, hexanediol, more particularly, 1 ,6-hexanediol, glycerol, glycolic acid, lactic acid, hydroxybutyric acid, hydroxyvaleric acid,
- hydroxycaproic acid serine, ATP, pentaerythritol, mannitol, sorbitol, glucose, galactose, fructose, maltose, lactose, glucuronic acid, polyglycerol ethers containing from 1 to about 10 glycerol units, polyethylene glycols containing 1 to about 20 ethylene glycol units. Additionally, any oligosaccharide containing from 3 to about 6 monosaccharides may be used as the scaffold in the present invention.
- the scaffold esters of the invention can be made by reacting one or more alcohols, in particular one or more polyols, which will form the alcohol moiety of the resulting esters with one or more carboxylic acids, lactones, lactams, carbonates, or anhydrides of the carboxylic acids which will form the acid moieties of the resulting esters.
- the esterification reaction can be conducted simply by heating, although in some instances addition of a strong acid or strong base esterification catalyst may be used.
- an esterification catalyst such as stannous 2-ethylhexanoate or activation reagents such as N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC), ⁇ , ⁇ '-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1 -yl)- ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ '-tetramethyluroniunn hexafluorophosphate (HATU) and the like can be used.
- EDC N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide
- DCC ⁇ , ⁇ '-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- HATU O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1 -yl)- ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ '-tetramethyluroniunn hexafluorophosphate
- the acyl groups forming the acyloxy substituents of the invention may be any moiety derived from a carboxylic acid. More particularly, the acyl groups of the compositions of the invention may be of the RCO-, where R is optionally oxy-substituted alkyl of 2-10 carbon atoms which may be linear or branched hydrocarbons with one or more functional groups present in the chain.
- R is optionally oxy-substituted alkyl of 2-10 carbon atoms which may be linear or branched hydrocarbons with one or more functional groups present in the chain.
- carboxylic acids and/or polyols of different chain length and using carboxylic acids having oxy-substitution allows control of the degree of hydrophilicity and of the solubility of the resulting ester.
- Such materials are sufficiently resistant to dissolution in vivo that they are able to form stabile hydrophobic gels, which may encapsulate the acitive pharmaceutical ingredients and/or the contrast agents of the present invention.
- Suitable monosaccharides in either D or L-form include but are not limited to the following structures, in which ⁇ , ⁇ anomeric mixtures at any ratio may exist : Glucosamine, Galactosamine, Mannosamine, Mannose,
- Suitable disaccharides include but are not limited to the following structures in which ⁇ , ⁇ anomeric mixtures at any ratio may exist, and where the individual sugars may be linked by either a or ⁇ glycosidic bonds and the individual sugars can D or L: Galp-(1 ⁇ 2)-Glc, Galp-(1 ⁇ 3)-GlcN, Galp-(1 ⁇ 4)- Glc, Glcp-(1 ⁇ 4)-Glc, Glcp-(1 ⁇ 6)-Glc, Glcp-(1 ⁇ 2)-GlcN, Galp-(1 ⁇ 4)-ManN, Glcp-(1 ⁇ 4)-GalN, Manp-(1 ⁇ 3)-Glc, ManNp-(1 ⁇ 4)-Gal, GalNp-(1 ⁇ 3)-ManN, GlcNp-(1 ⁇ 6)-GalN, Rhamnp-(1 ⁇ 6)-Glc, Glcp-(1 ⁇ 1)-Glcp, Talp-(1 ⁇
- Suitable trisaccharides include but are not limited to the following structures in which ⁇ , ⁇ anomeric mixtures at any ratio may exist, and where the individual sugars can be linked by either a or ⁇ glycosidic bonds and the individual sugars can be D or L: Galp-(1 ⁇ 2)-Glcp-(1 ⁇ 3)-Galp, Galp-(1 ⁇ 4)- Glcp-(1 ⁇ 6)-GlcN, Galp-(1 ⁇ 4)-Glcp-(1 ⁇ 6)-Gal, Glcp-(1 ⁇ 4)-Glcp-(1 ⁇ 4)- Glcp , Glcp-(1 ⁇ 6)-Glcp-(1 ⁇ 6)-Glc, Galp-(1 ⁇ 6)-Glcp (1 ⁇ 2)-Fruf, Glcp- (1 ⁇ 3)- Fruf-(2 ⁇ 1)-Glcp, Galp-(1 ⁇ 4)-ManNp-(1 ⁇ 3)-Glu, Glcp-(1 ⁇ 4)-GalN
- Suitable tetrasaccharides include but are not limited to the following structures in which ⁇ , ⁇ anomeric mixtures at any ratio may exist, and where the individual sugars can be linked by either a or ⁇ glycosidic bonds and the individual sugars can be D or L: Galp-(1 ⁇ 4)-Glcp-(1 ⁇ 6)-glcp-(1 ⁇ 4)-Glc, Galp-(1 ⁇ 4)-Glcp-(1 ⁇ 4)-Glcp-(1 ⁇ 4)-Glcp-(1 ⁇ 4)-Glcp-(1 ⁇ 4)-Glc, Galp-(1 ⁇ 4)-Glcp- (1 ⁇ 4)-Galp-(1 ⁇ 4)-Glc, Glcp-(1 ⁇ 4)-Glcp-(1 ⁇ 4)-Glcp-(1 ⁇ 4)-Glc, Galp- (1 ⁇ 6)-Glcp-(1 ⁇ 6)-Galp-(1 ⁇ 6)-Glc, Galp-(1 ⁇ 6)-
- composition of the solvent should not be particularly limited, and examples include biocompatible organic solvents such as ethanol, ethyl lactate, propylene carbonate, glycofurol, N- methylpyrrolidone, 2-pyrrolidone, propylene glycol, acetone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, benzyl alcohol, triacetin,
- biocompatible organic solvents such as ethanol, ethyl lactate, propylene carbonate, glycofurol, N- methylpyrrolidone, 2-pyrrolidone, propylene glycol, acetone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, benzyl alcohol, triacetin,
- dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, caprolactam, decylmethylsulfoxide such as but not limited to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, glycofurol, polyethylene glycol (PEG), benzyl benzoate, triglycerides, acetone, benzyl alcohol, /V-(betahydromethyl) lactamide, butylene glycol, caprolactam, caprolactone, corn oil, decylmethylsulfoxide, dimethyl ether, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1 -dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one, ethanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate, ethyl oleate, glycerol, glycofurol (tetraglycol), isopropyl myristate, methyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, esters of caprylic and/or capric acids with
- the solvents may be further added with a saccharide derivatives of for example, triglycerides such as tri-pentanoyl glycerol, tri-octanoyl glycerol, tri-dodecanoyl glycerol, a monosaccharide such as glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, inositol, ribose and xylose, disaccharide such as lactose, sucrose, cellobiose, trehalose and maltose, trisaccharide such as raffinose and melezitose, and polysaccharide such as ⁇ -, ⁇ -, or ⁇ -cyclodextrin, sugar alcohol such as erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, and maltitol, or a polyhydr
- triglycerides such as tri-pentanoyl g
- Additives may furthermore be selected from the group consisting of bioavailable materials such as amiloride, procainamide, acetyl-beta- methylcholine, spermine, spermidine, lysozyme, fibroin, albumin, collagen, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), dexamethason, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibronectin, fibrinogen, thrombin, proteins,
- bioavailable materials such as amiloride, procainamide, acetyl-beta- methylcholine, spermine, spermidine, lysozyme, fibroin, albumin, collagen, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), dexamethason, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),
- the content of the additive is from 1 x 10 "6 -50 wt%, preferably 1 *10 "3 to 30 wt%, based on the total weight of the gel forming component(s).
- Contrast may be achieved using organic x-ray contrast agents, such as radiopague agents such as iodinated compounds, which may be combined with chelators of MRI agents such as gadolinium, and/or combined with chelators of PET imaging agents such as copper-64, which may further be combined with solid inorganic particles.
- Chelators may be DOTA, EDTA, or DTPA and chelators will be non-covalently embedded or covalently
- contrast agents are iodinated compounds such as polymers or sugar molecules such as derivatives of glucose or sucrose or other oligosaccharides.
- Solid particles may comprise, or consist of, one or more X-ray contrast agents, i.e., compounds that are able to block or attenuate X-ray radiation.
- X-ray contrast agents i.e., compounds that are able to block or attenuate X-ray radiation.
- Such compounds include transition metals, rare earth metals, alkali metals, alkali earth metals, other metals, as defined by the periodic table.
- a metal or alkali metal may appear in non-oxidized or any of the existing oxidation states for the metal. These oxidation states include monovalent cations, divalent cations, trivalent cations, tetravalent cations, pentavalent cations, hexavalent cations and heptavalent cations.
- the one or more X-ray contrast agents are selected from Iodine (I), gold (Au), bismuth (Bi), gadolinium (Gd), iron (Fe), barium (Ba), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg).
- the detectable compound comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of gold (Au) and bismuth (Bi).
- the one or more X-ray contrast agents are typically present in metal form, in alloy form, in oxide form or in salt form.
- the formulation may also include solid particles that are visible by X-ray imaging or other imaging modalities than X-ray imaging.
- the solid-particles are furthermore visible by MR and/or PET imaging, or by other imaging modalities.
- the gel-forming composition may further comprise a radioactive or paramagnetic compound for one or more imaging modalities such as MRI, PET imaging, SPECT imaging, nuclear scintigraphy imaging, ultrasonography imaging, ultrasonic imaging, near-infrared imaging and/or fluorescence imaging.
- MRI magnetic resonance imaging
- PET imaging PET imaging
- SPECT imaging nuclear scintigraphy imaging
- ultrasonography imaging ultrasonography imaging
- ultrasonic imaging near-infrared imaging and/or fluorescence imaging.
- the formulation according to any one of the preceding claims contain solid particles that comprise one or more radioactive, paramagnetic or ferromagnetic particles.
- individual particles may comprise two or more types of compounds which are visible in different imaging modalities.
- Said radioactive compounds may comprise isotopes of Copper ( 61 Cu, 64 Cu, and 67 Cu), Iodide ( 123 l, 124 l, 125 l, 131 l), Indium ( 11 1 ln), Technetium ( 99m Tc), Rhenium ( 186 Re, 188 Re), Gallium ( 67 Ga, 68 Ga), Strontium ( 89 Sr), Samarium ( 153 Sm), Ytterbium ( 169 Yb), Thallium ( 201 TI), Astatine ( 211 At), Lutetium ( 177 Lu), Actinium ( 225 Ac), Yttrium ( 90 Y), Antimony ( 119 Sb), Tin ( 117 Sn, 113 Sn),
- Dysprosium ( 159 Dy), Cobalt ( 56 Co), Iron ( 59 Fe), Ruthenium ( 97 Ru, 103 Ru), Palladium ( 103 Pd), Cadmium ( 115 Cd), Tellurium ( 118 Te, 123 Te), Barium ( 131 Ba, 140 Ba), Gadolinium ( 149 Gd, 151 Gd), Terbium ( 160 Tb), Gold ( 198 Au, 199 Au), Lanthanum ( 140 La), Zirconium ( 89 Zr) and Radium ( 223 Ra, 224 Ra), wherein said isotope of a metal radionuclide may appear in any of the existing oxidation states for the metal. These oxidation states include monovalent cations, divalent cations, trivalent cations, tetravalent cations, pentavalent cations, hexavalent cations and heptavalent cations.
- Said paramagnetic or ferromagnetic compounds may also be selected from the group of Scandium (Sc), Yttrium (Y), Lanthanum (La), Titanium (Ti), Zirconium (Zr), Hafnium (Hf), Vandium (V), Niobium (Nb), Tantalum (Ta); Chromium (Cr), Molybdenium (Mo), Tungsten (W), Manganese (Mn),
- Tc Technetium
- Rhenium Iron (Fe), Ruthenium (Ru), Osmium (Os), Cobalt (Co), Rhodium (Rh), Iridium (Ir), Nickel (Ni), Palladium (Pd), Platinum (Pt), Copper (Cu), Silver (Ag), Gold (Au), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), the lanthanides such as Lathanum (La), Cerium (Ce), Praseodymium (Pr), Neodymium ( Nd), Promethium (Pm), Samarium (Sm), Europium (Eu), Gadolinium (Gd), Terbium (Tb), Dysprosium (Dy), Holmium (Ho), Erbium (Er), Thulium (Tm), Ytterbium (Yb), Lutetium (Lu)) and the actinides such as
- Said one or more radioactive, paramagnetic or ferromagnetic compounds may be covalently linked to gel-forming components or the nano- sized particles or non-covalently associated with the gel-forming components or nano-sized particles.
- the gel-forming components or nano-sized particles further comprise one or more fluorophore compounds for near infrared fluorescence imaging.
- Said compounds may comprise a fluorescent proteins, peptides, or fluorescent dye molecules.
- fluorescent dyes include xanthenes such as rhodamines, rhodols and fluoresceins, and their derivatives; bimanes; coumarins and their derivatives such as umbelliferone and aminomethyl coumarins; aromatic amines such as dansyl; squarate dyes; benzofurans; fluorescent cyanines; carbazoles; dicyanomethylene pyranes, polymethine, oxabenzanthrane, xanthene, pyrylium, carbostyl, perylene, acridone, quinacridone, rubrene, anthracene, coronene, phenanthrecene, pyrene, butadiene, stilbene, lanthan
- Typical fluorescein dyes include 5-carboxyfluorescein, fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate and 6- carboxyfluorescein; examples of other fluorescein dyes can be found, for example, in US 6,008,379, US 5,750,409, US 5,066,580, and US 4,439,356.
- the species may also include a rhodamine dye, such as, for example, tetramethylrhodamine-6-isothiocyanate, 5-carboxytetramethyl rhodamine, 5- carboxy rhodol derivatives, tetramethyl and tetraethyl rhodamine,
- the species may alternatively include a cyanine dye, such as, for example, Cy3, Cy3B, Cy3.5, Cy5, Cy5.5, Cy. Or IRDye 800CW, IRDye 680LT, Qdot 800 nanocrystal, Qdot 705 nanocrystal or porphyrazine compounds
- the nano-sized particles further comprise or consist of one or more gasses encapsulated in lipid, polymer or inorganic based particles for ultrasonography imaging.
- Said gasses may comprise air, sulphur halides such as sulphur hexafluoride or disulphur decafluoride;
- fluorocarbons such as perfluorocarbons; fluorinated (e.g. perfluorinated) ketones such as peril uoroacetone; and fluorinated (e.g. perfluorinated) ethers such as perfluorodiethyl ether.
- Representative perfluorocarbons which may for example contain up to 7 carbon atoms, include perfluoroalkanes such as perfluoromethane, perfluoroethane, perfluoropropanes, peril uorobutanes (e.g. perfluoro-n-butane, optionally in a mixture with other isomers such as perfluoro-iso-butane), perfluoropentanes, perfluorohexanes and
- perfluoroheptanes perfluoroalkenes such as perfluoropropene
- perfluorobutenes e.g. perfluorobut-2-ene and perfluorobutadiene; perfluoroalkynes such as perfluorobut-2-yne; peril uorocycloalkanes such as perfluorocyclobutane, perfluoromethylcyclobutane,
- perfluoromethylcyclohexane and perfluorocycloheptane and mixtures of any of the foregoing, including mixtures with gases such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen etc, but not limited to those.
- contrast in achieved using small organic iodine containing compounds in another embodiment, contrast in achieved using small organic iodine containing compounds. Said small organic iodine containing
- iodinated contrast agents such as diatrizoate (marketed e.g. under the trade name GastrografenTM), ionic dimers such as ioxaglate (marketed e.g. under the trade name HexabrixTM), nonionic monomers such as iohexol (marketed e.g. under the trade name
- OmnipaqueTM iopamidol (marketed e.g. under the trade name IsovueTM), iomeprol (marketed e.g. under the trade name lomeronTM) and the non-ionic dimer iodixanol (marketed under the trade name and VisipaqueTM).
- Additional examples of small organic iodine containing compounds includes the ones disclosed in WO2009/071605 , EP1 186305, EP686046, EP108638,
- the said small organic iodine containing compounds includes iodinated derivates of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB).
- SAIB sucrose acetate isobutyrate
- this specific embodiment according to the present invention aims at providing a stable contrast agent embedded in SAIB-gel.
- Such compounds may be used alone or in combination with solid particles to achieve an injectable gel visible by at least CT imaging.
- the hydration sensitive gel forming component is sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) a hydrophobic component composed of sucrose (the scaffold), which has been acylated with isobutyrate and acetate.
- SAIB sucrose acetate isobutyrate
- Preferred scaffolds of this invention are monosaccharides, disaccharides or trisaccharides.
- a particularly preferred dissacharide scaffold are sucrose and lactose, however, the alcohol containing scaffold may be derived from a polyhydroxy alcohol having from about 2 to about 20 hydroxy groups and may be formed by esterifying 1 to 20 polyol molecules.
- Suitable alcohol moieties include those derived by removing one or more hydrogen atoms from: monofunctional C1 -C20 alcohols, difunctional C1 -C20 alcohols, trifunctional alcohols, hydroxy-containing carboxylic acids, hydroxy-containing amino acids, phosphate-containing alcohols, tetrafunctional alcohols, sugar alcohols, monosaccharides, and disaccharides, sugar acids, and polyether polyols. More specifically, alcohol moieties may include one or more of: dodecanol, hexanediol, more
- the scaffold esters of the invention can be made by reacting one or more alcohols, in particular one or more polyols, which will form the alcohol moiety of the resulting esters with one or more carboxylic acids, lactones, lactams, carbonates, or anhydrides of the carboxylic acids which will form the acid moieties of the resulting esters.
- the esterification reaction can be conducted simply by heating, although in some instances addition of a strong acid or strong base esterification catalyst may be used.
- an esterification catalyst such as stannous 2-ethylhexanoate or activation reagents such as N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC), ⁇ , ⁇ '-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1 -yl)-N,N,N',N'- tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU) and the like can be used.
- EDC N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide
- DCC ⁇ , ⁇ '-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- HATU O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1 -yl)-N,N,N',N'- tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate
- the acyl groups forming the acyloxy substituents of the invention may be any moiety derived from a carboxylic acid. More particularly, the acyl groups of the compositions of the invention may be of the RCO-, where R is optionally oxy-substituted alkyl of 2-10 carbon atoms which may be linear or branched hydrocarbons with one or more functional groups present in the chain.
- R is optionally oxy-substituted alkyl of 2-10 carbon atoms which may be linear or branched hydrocarbons with one or more functional groups present in the chain.
- carboxylic acids and/or polyols of different chain length and using carboxylic acids having oxy-substitution allows control of the degree of hydrophilicity and of the solubility of the resulting ester. Such materials are sufficiently resistant to dissolution in vivo that they are able to form stabile hydrophobic gels which may encapsulate the said contrast agents of the present invention.
- composition for use is an X-ray contrast agent comprises one or more iodinated polymers, iodinated oligomers, iodinated lipids, iodinated saccharides, iodinated disaccharides, iodinated
- compositions for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises iodinated derivates of carbohydrate or iodinated derivative of poly-alcohols, such as iodinated derivatives of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB), such as iodinated derivatives of lactose, such as iodinated derivatives of trehalose, such as iodinated derivatives of arabinose, such as iodinated derivatives of maltose, such as iodinated derivatives of glucose, such as iodinated derivatives of galactose, iodinated derivatives of
- SAIB sucrose acetate isobutyrate
- lactose such as iodinated derivatives of lactose
- trehalose such as iodinated derivatives of arabinose
- maltose such as iodinated derivatives of glucose
- glucose such as iodinated derivatives of galactose
- composition comprises an iodinated derivate of a
- carbohydrate doped into a composition of the same class of non-idoninated carbohydrate derivatives is a composition of the same class of non-idoninated carbohydrate derivatives.
- the X-ray contrast composition comprises sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) or a derivative thereof and in one specific embodiment of the present invention, the X-ray contrast composition comprises an iodinated derivate of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB).
- the X- ray contrast composition comprises an iodinated derivate of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) doped into sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB). This has been evaluated for stability and the amount of this iodo-SAIB/SAIB that can be doped into SAIB, is at least 50 mol%.
- the iodo-SAIB provides high X-ray contrast.
- the iodo-SAIB compound is poorly soluble in ethanol and is a white solid whereas SAIB is highly soluble in ethanol and is a thick oil.
- a mixture of ethanol and SAIB can solubilize the iodo-SAIB very nicely.
- the SAIB helps solubility of iodo-SAIB, which is an interesting feature and which provides an injectable solution which gelates after administration (through a thin needle, thinner than 20 gauge) that can function as a high contrast X-ray marker.
- the iodo-SAIB/SAIB provides high contrast and has the desirable stability properties.
- the X-ray contrast composition comprises an iodinated derivate of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) solubilised in a mixture of ethanol and sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB).
- SAIB sucrose acetate isobutyrate
- the system should be in a sol state such as a liquid like state before administration.
- the sol state should be of sufficiently low viscosity - typically lower than 10,000 cP, preferably lower than 2,000 cP, at 20 °C (or alternatively lower than lower than 10,000 cP, preferably 2,000 cP, at 5 °C) - to allow for small needle head to alleviate the patient discomfort and simplify insertion procedure.
- the gels should be biodegradable or gradually dissolvable within a controlled time period, and the products should be cleared/secreted through normal pathways.
- the polymer itself and the degradable products should be biocompatible. Likewise, if additives are added, such as cross-linking agents, initiators etc. these should also be biocompatible.
- the gel could potentially have cell/tissue-adhesive properties.
- the gel-forming system should preferably be biocompatible, i.e. does not stimulate a severe, long-lived or escalating biological response to the formulation when injected into a mammal, in particular a human.
- degradable linkages can be included through the use of polylactide, polyglycolide, poly(lactide-co-glycolide), polyphosphazine, polyphosphate, polycarbonate, polyamino acid, polyanhydride, and polyorthoester - based building blocks, among others.
- small molecule crosslinking agents containing similar hydrolyzable moieties as the polymers such as carbonates, esters, urethanes, orthoesters, amides, imides, imidoxy, hydrazides, thiocarbazides, and phosphates may be used as building blocks.
- polyphosphazine, acrylate-substituted polyamino acid, or acrylate-substituted polyphosphate polymers can be used as degradable building blocks.
- Methacrylate or acrylamide moieties can be employed instead of acrylate moieties in the above examples.
- small molecules containing a hydrolyzable segment and two or more acrylates, methacrylates, or acrylamides may be used.
- Such degradable polymers and small molecule building blocks may be functional ized with acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide or similar moieties by methods known in the art.
- the system should be in a sol state before administration.
- the sol state should be of sufficiently low viscosity to allow for small needle head to alleviate the patient discomfort and simplify insertion procedure. Gelation via physical association starts to happen or is complete after injection.
- composition according to the present invention is administered using topical route.
- the viscosity of the formulation is before the injection preferably lower than 10,000 cP, in particular lower than 2,000 cP, at 20 °C.
- the viscosity of the formulation is before the injection typically lower than 2,000 cP at 5 °C.
- the gel-forming system of the formulation is preferably one which, after injection or under conditions mimicking those in a human body, forms a gel having a viscosity at 37 °C in the range of 2,000 to 50,000,000 cP. More particularly, the viscosity of the hydrogel can be about 2,000 cP, about 5,000 cP, about 10,000 cP, about 20,000 cP, about 30,000 cP, about 50,000 cP, about 75,000 cP, about 100,000 cP, about 125,000 cP, about 150,000 cP, about 200,000 cP, about 30,000 cP, about 800,000 cP, about 1 ,000,000 cP, about 2,000,000 cP, about 5,000,000 cP, about
- the viscosity of the hydrogel after injection is above 20,000 cP, e.g. in the range of 20,000 cP to 1 ,000,000 cP.
- the formulation after injection is preferably essentially solid.
- the preferred systems include non-water soluble high-viscosity liquid carrier materials such as non-water soluble
- Such systems may be mixed with solid particles that carry drug or contrast agent followed by parental injection, thus functioning as a injectable composition, which that can be visualized by one or multiple imaging modalities, including X-ray imaging.
- the composition comprising a non- water soluble carbohydrate, wherein the composition is a liquid before administration into the human or animal body and increases in viscosity by more than 1 ,000 centipoise (cP) after administration.
- the composition comprising a non-water soluble carbohydrate, wherein the composition is a liquid before administration into the human or animal body and increases in viscosity by more than 10,000 centipoise (cP) after administration.
- At least 60% of an administrated amount of the non-water soluble carbohydrate remains more than 24 hours within 10 cm from an injection point when administrated to a human or animal body.
- the mixing of different acylated carbohydrates results in controlled drug release providing tuning of release kinetics for the individual drug.
- the composition according to the present invention also relates to the release of one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients being controlled by mixing carbohydrates with different
- hydrophobicity by alteration of the substitutions on the carbohydrate hydroxyl groups.
- the release rate of the present invention may be changed, this implies therefore increased control of the process. Rendering it suitable for controlled release of for example pharmaceutuicals and other substances.
- Active pharmaceuticals may be formulated in various forms and the present invention is to be seen as incorporating various forms of formulations of the active ingredient.
- a polymer may be used to work as a stabilizer between gel and biological surrounding and therefore, the composition may also comprises a molecule that increase gel stability in the human or animal body, such as an amphiphilic molecule, such as an emulsifier. Therefore in one embodiment the composition comprises poly(ethylene glycol-b- caprolactone) (PEG-PCL), sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB), poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA), or poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PGLA), or a combination thereof.
- PEG-PCL poly(ethylene glycol-b- caprolactone)
- SAIB sucrose acetate isobutyrate
- PLA poly(D,L-lactic acid)
- PGLA poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- poly(D,L-lactic acid) is added to the non-water soluble carbohydrate causing a reduction of burst release of said encapsulated contents e.g. drugs, particles, contrast agents, etc.
- the formulation may further include other constituents, such as ⁇ -, ⁇ -, and/or ⁇ -cyclodextrins and any derivate hereof. Such constituents may form guest/host complexes with the gel forming system and the nano-sized particles, thus, both aiding in the gel formation and possible alter the particle leakage profile [Adv. Drug Delivery Rev., 2008, 60, 1000-1017].
- the gel forming system is based on PEG-PHB-PEG triblock copolymers, a-cyclodextrin and PEG coated solid nano sized particles.
- ⁇ -cyclodextrin may form inclusion complexes with both the PEG blocks of the PEG-PHB-PEG triblock copolymers and the PEG coated solid nano sized particles which, combined with hydrophobic interactions between the PHB middle block, forms a strong hydrogel with enhanced retention of solid nano sized particles due a-cyclodextrin
- the formulation may further comprise compounds or polymers, which are visible in imaging modalities other than X-ray imaging.
- the formulation further comprises an iodine- containing polymer, e.g. polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I), or one selected from /) Polym. Chem., 2010, 1 , 1467-1474, //) US 3852341 , Hi) US 4406878, /V) US 5198136, v) Biomedical polymers and polymers therapeutics, Ed. Chiellini E., Sunamoto J., Migliaresi C, Ottenbrite R.M., Cohn D., New York, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002, ISBN 0-30646472-1 , Print, and
- PVP-I polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine
- Such polymers can be added to the gel forming components prior to gelation and function as contrast agent in vivo. Such polymers may additionally or alternatively be covalently bound to the one or more of the gel forming components or adhered to the particles of the present invention.
- the formulation consist of iodinated SAIB as contrast agent with high HU-contrast or a iodinated carbohydrate.
- the gel-forming formulation may further comprise pharmaceutical agents including prodrugs (in short "drugs”; broadly interpreted as agents which are able to modulate the biological processes of a mammal).
- prodrugs in short "drugs”; broadly interpreted as agents which are able to modulate the biological processes of a mammal.
- These drugs can be formulated as a single drug or as a combination of two or more of the below mentioned drugs in its active form or as a prodrug.
- the active pharmaceutical ingredient is an immunomodulating compound which is a ligand for intracellular proteins and/or receptors; or a ligand for cell surface proteins and/or receptors.
- the intracellular proteins and/or receptors are selected from the group consisting of NOD-like receptor (NLR) family and the subfamilies NLRA, NLRB, NLRC, NLRP, NODs, NALP, IPAF, HLA
- Examples of pharmaceutical active agents include small drugs, plasmid DNA (e.g. for gene therapy), mRNA, siRNA, carbohydrates, peptides and proteins.
- Specific examples of pharmaceutical agents include; a) chemotherapeutic agents such as alkylating agents, antimetabolites, natural product chemotherapeutics, hormones and antagonists, etc.; b) radiation sensitizing agents such as gemcitabine and doranidazole, porphyrins for photodynamic therapy (e.g.
- visudyne or 10 B clusters or 157 Gd for neutron capture therapy; c) peptides or proteins that modulate apoptosis, the cell cycle, or other crucial signaling cascades; d) anti inflammatory drugs, such as methylprednisolone hemisuccinate, ⁇ -methasone; e) anti anxiety muscle relaxants such as diclofenac, pridinol; f) local anesthetics such as lidocaine, bupivacaine, dibucaine, tetracaine, procaine; g) analgesics such as opiods, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); h) antimicrobial medications such as pentamidine, azalides; i) antipsychotics such as chlorpromazine, perphenazine; j) the anti-parkinson agents such as budipine, prodipine, benztropine mesylate, trihexyphenidyl, L-
- promethazine m) antidepressants such as serotonin, imipramine,
- amitriptyline, doxepin, desipramine n) anti anaphylaxis agents such as epinephrine; o) anticholinergic drugs such as atropine, decyclomine, methixene, propantheline, physostigmine; p) antiarrhythmic agents such as quinidine, propranolol, timolol, pindolol; q) prostanoids such as
- prostaglandins thromboxane, prostacyclin, but not limited to those; r) immunotherapeutic agents such as imidazoquinoline amine,
- antitumor agents and/or radiation sensitizing agents include camptothecin derivatives such as irinotecan hydrochloride, nogitecan hydrochloride, exatecan, RFS-2000, lurtotecan, BNP-1350, Bay- 383441 , PNU-166148, IDEC-132, BN-80915, DB-38, DB-81 , DB-90, DB-91 , CKD-620, T-0128, ST-1480, ST-1481 , DRF-1042 and DE-310, taxane derivatives such as docetaxel hydrate, IND-5109, BMS-184476, BMS- 188797, T-3782, TAX-101 1 , SB-RA-31012, SBT-1514 and DJ-927, ifosfamide,
- iododeoxyuridine hydroxyurea, fludarabine, Texaphyrins (motexafin gadolinium), N-ethylmalemide, paclitaxel, docetaxel, irinotecan, Mechtorethamine, Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Melphalan, Chlorambucil, Procarbazine (N-methylhydrazine, MIH), Busulfan, Camustine (BCNU), Streptozocin (streptozotocin), Bendamustine, dacarbazine (DTIC;
- Fluorouracil (5-fluorouracil; 5-FU), capecitabine, Cytarabine (cytosine arabinoside), Gemcitabine, 5-aza-cytidine, Deoxy-5-aza-cytidine,
- Mercaptoptirine (6-mercaptopurine; 6-MP), Pentostatin (2'-deoxycoformycin), camptothecin, SN-38 (CPT-1 1 ), Rudarabine, Clofarabine, Nelarabine,
- Etoposide Teniposide, Topotecan, Irinotecan, Dactinomycin, (actinomycin D). Daunorubicin (daunomycin, rubidomycin), Doxorubicin, Yondelis,
- Mitoxantrone Bleomycin, Mitomycin C, L-Asparaginase, Mitotane (o.pDDD) Prednisone, Hydroxyprogesterone caproate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol acetate, Dietyhlstilbestrol, ethinyl estradiol, Tamoxifen, toremifene, Anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane, Testosterone propionate,
- immunotherapeutic agents examples include resiquimod,
- the active pharmaceutical ingredient is an immuno stimulating compound selected from the group consisting of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly l:C), Polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid (poly A:U), poly l:C-poly-L-lysine (poly-ICLC), poly-ICR, CL264, A/-palmitoyl-S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2R,S)- propyl]- (R)-cysteine-(S)serine-(S)lysine 4 (Pam 3 Cys), Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and other lipopolysacchahdes, alpha-galactosylceramide,
- an immuno stimulating compound selected from the group consisting of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly A:U), Poly l:C-poly-L-lysine (poly-ICLC), poly-ICR, CL264
- CpG ODN HYB2093 (Idera Pharmaceuticals/Novartis), CpG ODN HYB2055 (Idera Pharmaceuticals), CpG-ODN IMO-2125 (Idera Pharmaceuticals), CpG C ODN M362, Tolamba (Amb a1 ragweed allergen with covalently linked CpG B class ODN 1018)(Dynavax Technologies), Heplisav (Dynavax Technologies), 10181 SS (Dynavax Technologies),
- the active pharmaceutical ingredient is an immuno suppressive compound comprising a steroid selected from the group consisting of 21 -Acetoxyprefnenolone, Aalclometasone, Algestone,
- Amicinonide Beclomethasone, Betamethasone, Betamethasone, Betamethasone
- Betamethasone hemisuccinate Budesonide, Chloroprednisone, Clobetasol, Blovetasone, Clocortolone, Cloprednol, Corticosterone,
- dexamethason Dexamethasone palmitate
- Dexamethasone phosphate Diflorasone, Diflucortolone, Difluprednate, Enoxolone, Fluazacort, Flucloronide, Flumethasone, Flunisolide, Fluocinolone Acetonide,
- Fludrocortisone Fluocinonide, Fluocortin Butyl, Fluocortolone,
- Fluorometholone Fluperolone, Fluprednidine, Fluprednisolone,
- Flurandrenolide Formocortal, Halcinonide, Glucocorticoids, Halomethasone, Halopredone, Hydrocortamate, Hydrocortisone, Limethasone, Mazipredone, Medrysone, Meprednisone, Methyolprednisolone, Methyolprednisolone hemisuccinate, Mometasone Furoate, Paramethasone, Prednicarbate, Prednisolone, Prednisolone palmitate, Prednisolone phosphate, Prednisone, Prednival, Prednylidene, Tixocortal, and Triamcinolone.
- the active pharmaceutical ingredient is an immuno suppressive compound comprising a small molecule inhibitor acting on intracellular targets selected from the group consisting of c-Fms, PDGFRD , Abl, PDGFRD , NFkB, IkB, JAK1 , JAK2, JAK3, GSK3, p38 MAPK, JNK, KIT, EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB4, VEGFR1 , VEGFR2, VEGFR3, FLT3, PKCD , RAF1 , CDK1 , CDK2, CDK4, NLRP3, IRF3, STAT1 , STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5, STAT6,
- the active is Hsp90, Hsp70, PI3K, mTOR, AKT, DNA-PK, ATM, AMPK, PDK-1 , S6 kinase, RIP2, TRIF, MYD88, TAK1 .
- pharmaceutical ingredient is an immuno suppressive compound comprising a small molecule inhibitor acting on intracellular targets selected from the group consisting of indomethacin, CLI-095 (C15H17CIFNO4S, CAS#243984-1 1 -4), Bay1 1 -7082 (C10H9NO2S, CAS#19542-67-7), Triptolide (PG 490),
- the active pharmaceutical ingredient is an anti-infectious compound selected from the group consisting of Rifampicin, dideoxycytidine-5 ' -triphosphate, Clarithromycin, acyclovir, ciprofloxacin, fusidin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, levofloxacin, oxytetracyclin, tobramycin, natriumcromoglicat, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin., Pivampicillin, Ertapenem, Meropenem, Doripenem, Cefotaxim, Ceftazidim, Ciprofloxacin, Valaciclovir, efavirenz, emtricitabin,
- tenofovirdisoproxil Rilpivirine, penicillin, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, rifampicin, etambutol, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, voriconazole, amphotericin B, caspofungin, flucytosine, itraconazole, doxycyclin, sulfonamides, and sulfamethoxazole.
- the drugs are included in the composition in an amount sufficient to achieve a desired effect.
- the amount of drug or biologically active agent incorporated into the composition depends upon the desired release profile, the concentration of drug required for a biological effect, and the desired period of release of the drug.
- the biologically active substance is typically present in the composition in the range from about 0.5 percent to about 20 percent by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, and more typically, between approximately 1 percent to about 15 percent by weight. Another preferred range is from about 2 percent to about 10 percent by weight. For very active agents, such as growth factors, preferred ranges are less than 1 % by weight, and less than 0.0001 %.
- the present invention also provides the formulation as defined hereinabove for use as a tissue sealant, e.g. for needle canals formed by biopsy in conjunction with an imaging procedure according to the invention.
- the tissue sealant may include an effective amount of a hemostatic agent, e.g. an agent selected from coagulation factors, coagulation initiators, platelet activators, vasoconstrictors and fibrinolysis inhibitors, e.g.
- a hemostatic agent e.g. an agent selected from coagulation factors, coagulation initiators, platelet activators, vasoconstrictors and fibrinolysis inhibitors, e.g.
- the present invention is in one embodiment an X-ray contrast composition for local administration, wherein the X-ray contrast composition exhibits contrast properties and wherein at least 60% of an administrated amount of said X-ray contrast composition remains more than 24 hours within 10 cm from an injection point when the X-ray contrast composition is administrated to a human or animal body.
- a scope bronchoscope, gastroscope, or any other flexible wired systems used to navigate inside a body
- intracranial injection inside air and fluent filled organs or cavities (e.g. bladder, stomach).
- dosing such as, but not limited to, fast injections ('bolus'), pulling back to needle while injecting, slowly injection on the site, pushing the needle forward, and pump giving a constant pressure for a defined period.
- devices such as, but not limited to, needle with 1 or more holes on the side of the needle forming multiple smaller objects, flexible, multiple chamber systems.
- the present invention has gelating properties and is a liquid before administration and has the ability to transform into a gel after administration. In one specific embodiment, the present invention has gelating properties and is a homogeneous liquid before administration and has the ability to transform into a gel after administration. Furthermore, in one embodiment the present invention is a non-colloidal x-ray contrast agent as part of a homogeneous liquid x-ray contrast composition that gels upon injection into a human or animal subject. In yet another specific embodiment the X-ray contrast composition is a liquid before administration into a human or animal body that increases in viscosity by more than 10,000 centipoise (cP) after administration into a human or animal body. In another specific embodiment the present invention has a viscosity of less than 10,000 centipoise (cP) at 20°C.
- the X-ray contrast composition comprises an X-ray contrast agent that is part of the X- ray contrast composition and said X-ray contrast agent is an organic substance.
- the X-ray contrast composition comprises alginate and chitosan.
- the X-ray contrast agent comprises one or more natural polymers, synthetic polymers, oligomers, lipids, saccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, peptides or any combination thereof and as mentioned before these may be the contrast "agent”.
- the X-ray contrast agent comprises one or more iodinated polymers, oligomers, lipids, saccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, peptides, or a derivative or a combination thereof.
- the X-ray contrast agent is an inorganic acid or salt, such as chloroauric acid.
- the present invention may in one embodiment comprise particles for various purposes.
- One purpose may be an additive contrast effect; another purpose may be to potentiating the effect and a third purpose may be as a carrier of e.g. medication or other substances.
- the X-ray contrast composition comprises nanopartides comprising gold (Au).
- the X-ray contrast composition also comprises particles in the size range from 1 - 1000 nm, such as nanopartides in the size range from 2 to 500 nm and in one specific embodiment the nanopartides comprises gold (Au) which furthermore is the most likely substance.
- the X- ray contrast composition comprising nanoparticle that may be an MRI, PET, ultrasound, fluorescence, radiofrequency, visible light contrast agent.
- the nanoparticle is an MRI or PET contrast agent or a combination of the above mentioned imaging modalities.
- the present invention may have gelating properties and the gelling may be initiated by various factors such as, but not limited to, temperature, hydration, enzymatic activation, ion concentration and/or pH.
- the X-ray contrast composition exhibits gel- formation in response to a temperature in the range of 35 to 40°C.
- the X-ray contrast composition exhibits gel-formation in response to hydration.
- the X-ray contrast composition exhibits gel-formation in response to an ion-concentration in the range of 1 ⁇ to 500 mM, such as in the range of 1 mM to 200 mM.
- the ions are divalent ions, such as calcium ions.
- the X-ray contrast composition exhibits gel-formation in response to a pH in the range of 6 to 8.
- the X-ray contrast composition exhibits gel-formation in response to contacting with an initiator and here an initiator can be many different things such as, but not limited to, ions, or a chemical reactive compound that cross link other molecules.
- the X-ray contrast composition according to the present invention may comprise radioactive compounds, paramagnetic compounds, fluorescent compounds or ferromagnetic compounds, or any mixture thereof.
- the X-ray contrast composition may also act as a carrier of substances such as, but not limited to, pharmaceutical substances.
- the substance may be in the composition or in or coated/linked to the nanoparticles.
- the substance may also be other types of additives. Examples of substance could be, but is not limited to, substances suitable for chemotherapy, gemcitabine, cisplatin, doxorubicin, doranidazole, hormones or anti-bodies.
- the X-ray composition comprise at least one pharmaceutical substance.
- the X-ray contrast composition comprises particles in the size range from 1 - 1000 nm, such as nanoparticles in the size range from 2 to 500 nm and wherein the particle contains at least one pharmaceutical substance.
- the X-ray contrast composition may also comprises a molecule that increase gel stability in the human or animal body, such as an amphiphilic molecule, such as an emulsifier. Therefore in one embodiment the X-ray contrast composition comprises poly(ethylene glycol-b-caprolactone) (PEG-PCL), sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB), poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA), or poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PGLA), or a combination thereof.
- PEG-PCL poly(ethylene glycol-b-caprolactone)
- SAIB sucrose acetate isobutyrate
- PLA poly(D,L-lactic acid)
- PGLA poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA) is added to sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) gel causing a reduction of burst release of said encapsulated contents e.g.
- composition comprises sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) or a derivative thereof and in one specific embodiment of the present invention, the X-ray contrast composition comprises an iodinated derivate of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB). Furthermore in another specific embodiment of the present invention the X-ray contrast composition comprises an iodinated derivate of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) doped into sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB). This has been evaluated for stability and the amount of this iodo-SAIB/SAIB that can be doped into SAIB, is at least 50 mol%.
- the iodo-SAIB provides high X-ray contrast.
- the iodo-SAIB compound is poorly soluble in ethanol and is a white solid whereas SAIB is highly soluble in ethanol and is a thick oil.
- a mixture of ethanol and SAIB can solubilize the iodo-SAIB very nicely.
- the SAIB helps solubility of iodo-SAIB, which is an interesting feature and which provides an injectable solution which gelates after administration (through a thin needle, thinner than 20 gauge) that can function as a high contrast X-ray marker.
- the iodo-SAIB/SAIB provides high contrast and has the desirable stability properties.
- the X-ray contrast composition comprises an iodinated derivate of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) solubilised in a mixture of ethanol and sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB).
- SAIB sucrose acetate isobutyrate
- One way of containing and also storing the composition may be, held in the interior of a syringe. This indicates a possible shelf-life of at least 6 months.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a kit comprising a syringe, a hypodermal needle adapted to the open end of said syringe, and a composition according to any one of the preceding claims.
- the intended use of the present invention is for radio therapy or image- guided radio therapy, but not exclusively, other uses are thinkable such as, but not limited to, 2D X-ray scans, for use in imaging, diagnostics, treatment and/or quality rating of radio therapy.
- the present invention may be used as a tissue marker and/or for use as a controlled drug release composition.
- the X-ray contrast composition according to the present invention is for use in administration of an amount of 0.01 - 5.0 ml_ and in one specific embodiment the X-ray contrast composition is for use in administration wherein the amount is 0.1 - 1 .0 ml_. In one embodiment the present invention may be used as a tissue sealant.
- the present invention relates to treatment of cancerous diseases associated with malignant neoplasia such as malignant neoplasm of lip, mouth or throat, such as malignant neoplasm of the tongue, the base of tongue, gum, floor of mouth, palate, parotid gland, major salivary glands, tonsil, oropharynx, nasopharynx, piriform sinus, hypopharynx or other parts of lip, mouth or throat or malignant neoplasms of digestive organs such as malignant neoplasms of oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectosigmoid junction, rectum, anus and anal canal, liver and intrahepatic bile ducts, gallbladder, other parts of biliary tract, pancreas and spleen, malignant neoplasms of respiratory and intrathoracic organs such as malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity and middle ear, accessory sinuses,
- carcinoma in situ of skin
- carcinoma in situ of breast carcinoma in situ of female or male genitals
- carcinoma in situ of bladder urinary organs or eye, thyroid and other endocrine glands, or other types of carcinoma in situ.
- Dose escalation prerequisites accurate and reproducible patient positioning and target alignment as poor targeting accuracy may compromise local tumor control and increase the risk of radiation induced toxicity.
- 3D x-ray (cone beam computed tomography (CT)) images are recorded before and sometimes during treatment. Alignments to bony anatomy or soft tissue are used depending on the anatomical characteristics of the target. In some clinical cases the target position does not correlate well with neither bony nor soft tissue anatomy, e.g. prostate cancer and lung tumors adjacent to the mediastinum. In these cases target localization can be enhanced by alignment to radiopaque fiducial markers implanted in or near the target.
- CT computed tomography
- Fiducial markers are routinely being used in connection with photon radiotherapy. However, use of fiducial markers in proton radiotherapy has been approached with care as their presence can cause extreme perturbations in the therapeutic proton dose, which translates into significant colds spots downstream from the fiducial marker.
- the ideal fiducial marker for proton therapy is visible in CT- or kV imaging, causes no dose perturbation in a proton beam and do not induce image artifacts on the CT-images used for treatment planning.
- Liquid markers have properties that are promising in this regard.
- a liquid marker is a radiopaque fluid that is injected into the tissue.
- the present invention is a composition wherein the composition is a fiducial marker for proton therapy.
- the present invention is a composition further comprising a contrast agent that makes the composition visible by CT or kV imaging.
- High intensity focused ultrasound is a medical procedure that applies high intensity focused ultrasound energy to locally heat and destroy diseased or damaged tissue through ablation.
- HIFU is a hyperthermia therapy, a class of clinical therapies that use temperature to treat diseases.
- HIFU is also one modality of therapeutic ultrasound, involving minimally invasive or non-invasive methods to direct acoustic energy into the body.
- other modalities include ultrasound-assisted drug delivery, ultrasound hemostasis, ultrasound lithotripsy, and ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis.
- Clinical HIFU procedures are typically performed in conjunction with an imaging procedure to enable treatment planning and targeting before applying a therapeutic or ablative levels of ultrasound energy.
- Magnetic Resonance guided Focused Ultrasound often shortened to MRgFUS or MRgHIFU.
- the present invention is a composition wherein the composition comprises contrast agents that makes the composition visible by High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU).
- HIFU High intensity focused ultrasound
- Positron emission tomography is a modern and powerful technology to study non-invasively biological processes at the molecular level. This highly sophisticated imaging method relies on coincidence registration of annihilation photons having a characteristic energy of 51 1 keV.
- positron-emitting halogens available; 18 F, 75 Br, 76 Br, and 124 l which have been reported to be useful for applications in oncology - with 18 F as the most prominent among them.
- the decay of 75 Br, 7 6 Br, and 124 l results in positrons of higher energy compared with 18 F. This means a loss in spatial resolution since the positrons take a longer distance in tissue until annihilation.
- These alternative radiohalogens also emit ⁇ -rays of high energy resulting from electron capture ( 75 Br, 76 Br, 124 l) and internal transitions ( 124 l). Table 1 compares some selected physical properties of these radioisotopes.
- 18F can be produced using three different nuclear reactions, shown in Table 2. However, in practice only the 20 Ne(d, a) and 18 O(p,n) processes are relevant. Because of its high target yield the 18 O(p,n) route has become the favored reaction. No-carrier-added (n.c.a.) 18 F is obtained from proton irradiation of 18 O-enriched medium.
- Positron emission tomography is potentially a very useful tool for monitoring the distribution of the dose deposited in the patient from proton therapy.
- Verification of the therapy can be achieved by comparing the PET images discerning the positron activity distribution with the predicted target dose distribution used to plan the treatment.
- the expected number of nuclear reactions is governed by three factors: nuclear reaction cross sections, the number of incoming particles limited by target dose, and the number of target particles.
- BioXmarkTM as [18O]6-sucrose octaacetate facilitates the 18 O(p,n) 18 F nuclear reaction in vivo resulting in formation of 18 F which can be detected using PET-imaging.
- the 18 O(p,n) 18 F reaction benefits from having a low interaction energy threshold which enables monitoring of small proton doses.
- the formed 18 F has a sufficient half-life for patient monitoring.
- a marker which does not introduce dose perturbation in proton beams, is clearly visible for patient alignment/motion management and at the same time can provide dosimetric output regarding the BPDE would be highly beneficial for the proton community.
- the present invention is a composition wherein the composition comprises contrast agents that makes the composition visible by PET. In another embodiment the present invention is a composition further comprising 18 O.
- a kit comprising the formulation
- the present invention further comprises a kit comprising a syringe, a hypodermal needle adapted to the open end of said syringe, and a
- the formulation as defined hereinabove. In one embodiment, the formulation is held in the interior or said syringe.
- the gel forming system may be provided as a lyophilized powder, a suspension or a solution.
- Different components may be provided in one or more individual vials or pre-mixed in the interior or said syringe.
- Exemplary different components include, but are not limited to, the gel-forming system and the solid particles, and the formulation and one or more initiators.
- the syringe may consist of a single, a multiple barrel syringe (e.g.
- MEDMIX SYSTEMS AG or a double champer syringe (e.g. Debiotech S.A.) and the like, but not limited to those.
- Multiple barrel syringes and double champer syringes and the like may be useful for e.g. two components formulations were one component is a mixture of the gel forming system, the active pharmaceutical ingredient and potentially a contrast agent(s) and the other component is an initiator or salt suspension.
- a double chamber syringe may be useful where one chamber contains gel- forming component and the contrast agent(s) and the other chamber the active pharmaceutical ingredient(s).
- the needle of the syringe can, in some embodiments, be one suitable for fine-needle biopsies.
- syringes and needles for such embodiments are described in U.S. Patent No. 7,871 ,383, U.S. patent publication No. 20040162505, and references cited therein.
- Such syringes and needles can advantageously be used in procedures where a biopsy of a tissue is to be taken in conjunction with imaging of the same, using a formulation of the invention.
- the kit has a shelf-life of at least 6 months, such as at least 12 months when stored at, e.g., room temperature (typically 18 to 25 °C) or lower temperatures, such as, e.g., 2 to 10 °C, such as about 5 °C.
- the shelf-life can, for example, be determined as the period wherein the kit can be stored at 25 °C, at 80 % RH and 1 atm. pressure, and where the viscosity is kept within ⁇ 5 % of the initial viscosity.
- the invention includes compositions wherein the gel has a structure selected from the group consisting of:
- Ri , R 2 , R3, R 4 and R 5 are selected collectively from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy- substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl; or wherein Ri , R 2 , R3, R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl, carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives;
- Ri , R2, R3, R 4 and R 5 are selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl; or wherein Ri , R 2 , R3, R4 and R 5 are independently selected from the group consisting acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl;
- Ri , R 2 , R3, R 4 , R5, R6, R 7 , and Rs are selected collectively from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl-substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl; or wherein Ri , R 2 , R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl-substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl;
- Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl; or wherein Ri , R 2 , R3, R 4 , R5, R6, R 7 , and Rs are independently selected from the group consisting acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl;
- Ri, R 2 , R3, R 4 , R5, R6, R7, and Rs are selected collectively from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl-substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl; or wherein Ri, R 2 , R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl-substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl;
- Ri, R 2 , R3, R 4 , R5, R6, R7, and Rs are selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl; or wherein Ri, R 2 , R 3 , R , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and Rs are independently selected from the group consisting acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl;
- Ri , R 2 , R3, R 4 , R5, R6, R7, and Rs are selected collectively from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl; or wherein Ri , R 2 , R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl;
- Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl; or wherein Ri , R 2 , R3, R 4 , R5, R6, R7, and Rs are independently selected from the group consisting acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl;
- Ri , R 2 , R3, R 4 , R5, R6, R7, and Rs are selected collectively from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl; or wherein Ri , R 2 , R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl; wherein all groups of Ri, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl; or wherein
- Ri , R 2 , R3, R 4 , R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10 and Rn are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl;
- Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10 and Rn are selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl; or wherein Ri , R 2 , R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10 and Rn are independently selected from the group consisting acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl;
- Ri , R 2 , R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Re, R9 and Rio are selected collectively from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl; or wherein Ri , R 2 , R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9 and R10 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl; wherein all groups of Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9 and R ⁇ are selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl,
- Ri , R 2 , R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10, R11 and Ri 2 are selected collectively from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl- substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl,
- Ri , R 2 , R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10, R11 and Ri 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl;
- Ri , R 2 , R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10, R11 and Ri 2 are selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl; or wherein Ri , R 2 , R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10, R11 and R ⁇ are independently selected from the group consisting acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl;
- Ri , R 2 , R3, R 4 , R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10 and Rn are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl;
- Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10 and Rn are selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl; or wherein Ri , R 2 , R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10 and Rn are independently selected from the group consisting acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl;
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient that modulates an immunogenic response in a human or animal body, said composition comprising non-water soluble carbohydrates and wherein the composition is a liquid before administration into the human or animal body and increases in viscosity by more than 1 ,000 centipoise (cP) after
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein the composition is a liquid before administration into the human or animal body that increases in viscosity by more than 10,000 centipoise (cP) after administration into the human or animal body.
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein the composition is a liquid before administration and becomes a gel-like material or solid material, such as an crystalline solid or an amorphous solid, after administration.
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein an increase in viscosity after administration into the human or animal body is due to diffusion of a molecule out of the
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein an increase in viscosity after administration into the human or animal body is due to diffusion of solvent-like molecules.
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein at least 50% of the non-water soluble carbohydrates are selected from derivatives of glucose, galactose, mannose, lactose, maltose, trehalose, raffinose, glucosamine, galactosamine, and lactoseamine.
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein said at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient is an immune-modulating compound which is a ligand for intracellular proteins and/or receptors; or a ligand for cell surface proteins and/or receptors.
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein said intracellular proteins and/or receptors are selected from the group consisting of NOD-like receptor (NLR) family and the subfamilies NLRA, NLRB, NLRC, NLRP, NODs, NALP, IPAF, HLA complexes, RIG-l-like receptors, cytokine receptors, interleukin receptors, CD proteins, CTLA proteins, PD1 , T Cell receptor, B cell receptor, and theToll-like-receptor (TLR) family; TLR1 , TLR2 TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, TLR10, TLR1 1 , TLR12, TLR13.
- NLR NOD-like receptor
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein the active pharmaceutical ingredient elicit immunogenicity that is a humoral and/or cell-mediated immune response.
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein said at least one active
- an immuno stimulating compound selected from the group consisting of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly l:C), Polyadenylic- polyuridylic acid (poly A:U), poly l:C-poly-L-lysine (poly-ICLC), poly-ICR, CL264, A/-palmitoyl-S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2R,S)-propyl]- (R)-cysteine- (S)serine-(S)lysine 4 (Pam 3 Cys), Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and other lipopolysaccharides, alpha-galactosylceramide, Propirimine, Imiquimod (R837), resiquimod (R848), TMX-101 , TMX- 201 , TMX-202, Gardiquimod, R850 (3M Pharma), R851 (3M Pharma), 852A (3
- RNA single stranded or double stranded RNA
- ORN 02 (5'- UUAUUAUUAUUAUUAUUAUU-3'), ORN 06 5'- UUGUUGUUGUUGUUGUU-3', CpG-ODN DSLIM (Mologen), AVE 0675 (Coley Pharmaceuticals), CpG B oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) 1018 (Dynavax Technologies ), AZD 1419 (Dynavax), ODN 1982, CpG B ODN 2006 (Coley Pharnnaceuticals), IMO 2125 (Idera Pharma), CpG A ODN 2216, CpG A ODN 2336, CpG 2395, CpG ODN 7909 (Coley Pharnnaceuticals), CpG 10101 (Coley Pharnnaceuticals), CpG ODN AVE0675 (Coley
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient
- a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient wherein said at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient is an immuno suppressive compound comprising a steroid selected from the group consisting of 21 - Acetoxyprefnenolone, Aalclometasone, Algestone, Amicinonide,
- Betamethasone Betamethasone dipropionate
- Flunisolide Fluocinolone Acetonide, Fludrocortisone, Fluocinonide, Fluocortin Butyl, Fluocortolone, Fluorometholone, Fluperolone, Fluprednidine,
- Methyolprednisolone Methyolprednisolone hemisuccinate, Mometasone Furoate, Paramethasone, Prednicarbate, Prednisolone, Prednisolone palmitate, Prednisolone phosphate, Prednisone, Prednival, Prednylidene, Tixocortal, and Triamcinolone.
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein said at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient is an immuno suppressive compound comprising a small molecule inhibitor acting on intracellular targets selected from the group consisting of c- Fms, PDGFRD , Abl, PDGFRD , NFkB, IkB, JAK1 , JAK2, JAK3, GSK3, p38 MAPK, JNK, KIT, EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB4, VEGFR1 , VEGFR2, VEGFR3, FLT3, PKCD , RAF1 , CDK1 , CDK2, CDK4, NLRP3, IRF3, STAT1 , STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5, STAT6, Hsp90, Hsp70, PI3K, mTOR, AKT, DNA-PK, ATM, AMPK, PDK-1 , S6 kinase, RIP2, TRIF, MYD88, TAK1
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein said at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient is an immuno suppressive compound comprising a small molecule inhibitor acting on intracellular targets selected from the group consisting of indomethacin, CLI-095
- Dasatinib (Sprycel, BMS-354825), MLN518 (CT53518), Vatalanib (PTK787 / ZK222584), OSI-930, AZD2171 , Pazopanib (Votrient), IPI-504 (retaspimycin), Deforolimus (Ridaforolimus), GDC-0980 (RG7422, C23H30N8O3S,
- Vandetanib (Zactima, ZD6474,
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein said at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient is an anti-infectious compound selected from the group consisting of Rifampicin, dideoxycytidine-5 ' -triphosphate, Clarithromycin, acyclovir, ciprofloxacin, fusidin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, levofloxacin, oxytetracyclin, tobramycin, natriumcromoglicat, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin., Pivampicillin, Ertapenem,
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein said at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient is an immunomodulating compound selected from the group consisting of thalidomide, lenalidomide and pomalidomide, sargramostim, IL-2, interferon-alfa, alemtuzumab, bevacizumab, brentuximab vedotin, cetuximab, gemtuzumab, ozogamicin, ibritumomab, tiuxetan, ipilimumab, ofatumumab, panitumumab, rituximab, tositumomab,
- an immunomodulating compound selected from the group consisting of thalidomide, lenalidomide and pomalidomide, sargramostim, IL-2, interferon-alfa, alemtuzumab, bevacizumab, brent
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, further comprising at least one antigen. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein at least 50% of the non-water soluble carbohydrates are disaccharides with at least two pyranose saccharide units, or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein the non-water soluble carbohydrates are disaccharides with structures selected from:
- Ri , R 2 , R3, R 4 , R5, R6, R7, and Rs in formulae I, II and III are selected collectively from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl- substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl,
- Ri , R 2 , R3, R 4 , R5, R6, R7, and Rs are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl-substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy- substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl;
- Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl; or wherein Ri , R 2 , R3, R 4 , R5, R6, R7, and Rs are independently selected from the group consisting acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl;
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein at least 50% of the non-water soluble carbohydrates are trisaccharides, or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein the non-water soluble carbohydrates are trisaccharides with structures selected from:
- Ri, R 2 , R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10 and Rn in formulae IV are selected collectively from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl; or wherein Ri, R 2 , R3, R 4 , R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10 and Rn are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl;
- Ri, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10 and Rn are selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl; or wherein Ri, R 2 , R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10 and Rn are independently selected from the group consisting acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl;
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein at least 50% of the non-water soluble carbohydrates are
- oligosaccharides or a mixture of oligosaccharides with at least 4
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein at least 50% of the non-water soluble carbohydrates are mono- or oligosaccharides containing at least one amino sugar unit. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein the non-water soluble carbohydrates are amino sugars selected from compounds with the structure:
- Ri, R 2 , R3, R 4 and R 5 in formulae V are selected collectively from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl; or wherein Ri , R 2 , R3, R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl, mono- di-, tri- or tetra-saccharide derivatives;
- Ri , R2, R3, R 4 and R 5 are selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl; or wherein Ri , R 2 , R3, R4 and R 5 are independently selected from the group consisting acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl;
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein the release of one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients is controlled by mixing carbohydrates with different hydrophobicity by alteration of the substitutions on the carbohydrate hydroxyl groups.
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein the composition also comprises a molecule that increase gel stability in the human or animal body, such as an interfacially active molecule, such as an amphiphilic molecule, such as an emulsifier.
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein the composition comprises contrast agents that makes the composition visible by PET imaging, SPECT imaging, Ultrasound imaging, CT imaging, x-ray imaging, fluoroscopy imaging, fluorescence imaging, or OCT imaging.
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active
- the active pharmaceutical ingredient is formulated in a nanoparticle or microsphere that is dispersed in the
- composition in one embodiment the present invention relates to a
- compositions for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient in combination with radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), hyperthermia based treatments such as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA), laser-therapy, or laser- induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT).
- PDT photodynamic therapy
- hyperthermia based treatments such as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA), laser-therapy, or laser- induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT).
- HIFU high-intensity focused ultrasound
- RFID radiofrequency thermal ablation
- LITT laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, which is administered to the human or animal body through a syringe, an endoscope or a bronchoscope to the target tissue preferably wherein the composition after insertion into the human or animal body constitutes a medical or surgical implant for tissue or surgical adhesion which
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein the composition comprises organic radioisotopes or inorganic radionuclides for use as internal radiotherapy such as brachytherapy or in imaging of tissue in humans or animals.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to a medical or surgical implant comprising the composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is part of a sprayable composition.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to use of a composition according to the present invention, for injecting into tumor tissue.
- the present invention relates to use of a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, in combination with external beam radiotherapy.
- compositions for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient wherein the active pharmaceutical ingredient is released specifically into tissue in need thereof, preferably tumor tissue.
- the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient in tissue, said tissue comprising an intraperitoneal space, a muscle, a dermis, an epidermis, a natural lumen or void, an abdominal cavity, a prostate, a rectum, a location between a prostate and a rectum, a breast, a tissue between a radiation target and healthy tissue, and a vasculature.
- the present invention relates to a method for a composition for use in local co-administration with or without an active pharmaceutical ingredient into a human or animal body wherein the tissue is comprising an interorgan space such as an intraperitoneal space, a muscle, a dermis, an epidermis, a natural lumen or void, an abdominal cavity, a prostate, a rectum, a location between two or more organs such as a prostate and a rectum, a heart and lung, a lymphe node and another tissue, a breast, a tissue between a radiation target and healthy tissue, and a vasculature.
- an interorgan space such as an intraperitoneal space, a muscle, a dermis, an epidermis, a natural lumen or void, an abdominal cavity, a prostate, a rectum, a location between two or more organs such as a prostate and a rectum, a heart and lung, a lymphe node and another tissue, a breast, a tissue between
- Reagents Chemicals were all purchased from Sigma Aldrich and were used as received. Dry pyridine was obtained by drying over sieves (4A) for 2- 3 days prior to use.
- D-Glucosamine HCI (2 g, 9.3 mmol) was suspended in 10 mL dry CH2CI2 under inert atmosphere (N 2 ) and cooled to 0°C.
- acetic anhydride (10 mL, 106 mmol, -2.3 eq pr. OH) was carefully added followed by addition of dry pyridine (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP (1 17 mg, 0.96 mmol, -0.1 eq ).
- the reaction slowly returned to r.t. and was continued at this temperature for 30 h, whereafter the temperature was elevated to 40°C and continued for another 32 h.
- D-Glucosamine HCI (2 g, 9.3 mmol) was suspended in 10 mL dry CH2CI2 under inert atmosphere (N 2 ) and cooled to 0°C.
- propionic anhydride 13 mL, 101 .4 mmol, -2.2 eq pr. OH
- dry pyridine (1 1 .5 mL)
- a catalytic amount of DMAP 1 13 mg, 0.93 mmol, -0.1 eq.
- the reaction slowly returned to r.t. and remained at this temp, for 2 h, whereafter the reaction was heated to 40°C and continued at this temperature for 56 h.
- D-Glucosamine HCI (2 g, 9.3 mmol) was suspended in 10 mL dry CH2CI2 under inert atmosphere (N 2 ) and cooled to 0 C.
- propionic anhydride 13 ml_, 101 .4 mmol, -2.2 eq pr. OH
- dry pyridine (1 1 ,5 ml_)
- a catalytic amount of DMAP 1 14.5 mg, 0.94 mmol, -0.1 eq.
- the reaction slowly returned to r.t. and remained at this temp, for 1 h, whereafter the reaction was heated to 40°C and continued at this temperature for 36 h.
- D-Glucosamine HCI (2 g, 9.3 mmol) was suspended in 10 mL dry CH2CI2 under inert atmosphere (N 2 ) and cooled to 0°C.
- isobutyric anhydride (17 mL, 102.5 mmol, -2.2 eq pr. OH) was carefully added followed by addition of dry pyridine (1 1 .5 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP (1 13 mg, 0.93 mmol, -0.1 eq).
- the reaction slowly returned to r.t. and remained at this temp, for 2 h, whereafter the reaction was heated to 40°C and continued at this temperature for 58 h.
- TLC acetone: toluene 1 :2, Rf product -0.6
- D-Trehalose dihydrate (2 g, 5.3 mmol) was suspended in 20 mL dry pyridine under inert atmosphere (N 2 ) followed by addition of acetic anhydride (9 mL, 95.4 mmol, -2.3 eq pr. OH) and a catalytic amount of DMAP (70.9 mg, 0.6 mmol , -0.1 eq ).
- the reaction was conducted at r.t. overnight. After 15 h, the reaction temperature was re-adjusted to 48°C, and the reaction continued at this temperature for an additional 28 h after which TLC (20% acetone, toluene, rf product -0.4) showed, that the reaction was done.
- D-Trehalose dihydrate (2 g, 5.3 mmol) was suspended in 20 mL dry pyridine under inert atmosphere (N 2 ) followed by addition of propionic anhydride (12 mL, 93.6 mmol, -2.2 eq pr. OH) and a catalytic amount of DMAP (73.1 mg, 0.6 mmol , -0.1 eq ).
- the reaction was conducted at 48°C for 39 h, whereafter TLC (10% acetone, toluene, Rf product -0.4) showed that the reaction was completed. Then followed concentration in vacuuo and co-evaporation with toluene.
- D-Trehalose dihydrate (2 g, 5.3 mmol) was suspended in 20 mL dry pyridine under inert atmosphere (N 2 ) followed by addition of isobutyric anhydride (15.5 mL, 93.5 mmol, -2.2 eq pr. OH) and a catalytic amount of DMAP ( 73.1 mg, 0.6 mmol, -0.1 eq ).
- the reaction was conducted at 49°C for 47 h, whereafter TLC (10% acetone, toluene, Rf product -0.6) showed that the reaction was only close to completion.
- D-Maltose monohydrate (2 g, 5.6 mmol) was suspended in 20 mL dry pyridine under inert atmosphere (N 2 ) followed shortly hereafter by addition of propionic anhydride (12.5 mL, 97.5 mmol, -2.2 eq pr. OH) and a catalytic amount of DMAP ( 68.9 mg, 0.56 mmol , -0.1 eq ).
- the reaction was conducted for 24 h at 48°C and for an additional 16 h at 40°C, whereafter TLC (10% acetone, toluene, Rf product -0.4) showed that the reaction was completed. Then followed concentration in vacuuo and co-evaporation with toluene.
- D-Maltose monohydrate (2 g, 5.6 mmol) was suspended in 20 ml_ dry pyridine under inert atmosphere (N 2 ) followed shortly hereafter by addition of propionic anhydride (12.5 ml_, 97.5 mmol, -2.2 eq pr. OH) and a catalytic amount of DMAP (70 mg, 0.57 mmol , -0.1 eq).
- the reaction was conducted for 43 h at 48°C and, whereafter TLC (10% acetone, toluene, Rf products -0.35) showed that the reaction was completed. Then followed concentration in vacuuo and co-evaporation with toluene.
- the concentrate was dissolved in CHCI 3 (100 ml_) and washed with NaHCO 3 (aq) (3x100 ml_) and water
- D-Maltose monohydrate (2 g, 5.6 mmol) was suspended in 20 ml_ dry pyridine under inert atmosphere (N 2 ) followed by addition of isobutyric anhydride (16.2 ml_, 97.7 mmol, -2.2 eq pr. OH) and a catalytic amount of DMAP (68 mg, 0.56 mmol, 0.1 eq ).
- the reaction was conducted under inert atmosphere at 48°C for 24 h, and for an additional 17 h at 40°C, whereafter TLC (10% acetone, toluene, Rf product -0.5) showed that the reaction was completed. Then followed concentration in vacuuo and co-evaporation with toluene.
- ⁇ -Lactose (5 g, 14.6 mmol) was suspended in dry pyridine (50 mL) under inert atmosphere (N 2 ).
- propionic anhydride (33.5 mL, 257.4 mmol, 2.2 eq pr. OH) was carefully added, followed by a catalytic amount of DMAP (181 .3mg, 1 .48 mmol, 0.1 eq ).
- the reaction was heated to 60°C and continued for 32 h, whereafter TLC (10% acetone, toluene, Rf a anomer: -0.35, Rf ⁇ anomer:- 0.4 ) showed that the reaction was completed.
- D-Raffinose pentahydrate (2 g, 3.4 mmol) was suspended in dry pyridine (20 mL) under inert atmosphere (N 2 ).
- acetic anhydride (6 mL, 63.5 mmol, -1 .7 eq pr. OH) was added followed by a catalytic amount of DMAP (41 mg, 0.3 mmol, -0.1 eq).
- the reaction was heated to 48°C and continued for 46 h where TLC (20 % acetone, toluene, Rf product -0.3) showed that the reaction was completed.
- the reaction was concentrated in vacuuo and co-evaporated with toluene.
- D-Raffinose pentahydrate (2 g, 3.4 mmol) was suspended in dry pyridine (20 ml_) under inert atmosphere (N 2 ).
- propionic anhydride (8 ml_, 62.4 mmol, ⁇ 1 .7 eq pr. OH) was carefully added followed by a catalytic amount of DMAP (46 mg, 0.4 mmol, -0.1 eq).
- the reaction was heated to 48°C and continued for 42 h where TLC (10 % acetone, toluene, Rf product -0.4) showed that the reaction was completed.
- TLC 10 % acetone, toluene, Rf product -0.4
- D-Raffinose pentahydrate (2 g, 3.4 mmol) was suspended in dry pyridine (20 ml_) under inert atmosphere (N 2 ).
- isobutyric anhydride (10 ml_, 60.3 mmol, ⁇ 1 .6 eq pr. OH) was carefully added followed by a catalytic amount of DMAP (47 mg, 0.4 mmol, -0.1 eq).
- the reaction was heated to 48°C and continued for 43 h where TLC (10 % acetone, toluene, Rf product -0.6) showed that the reaction was completed.
- the reaction was then concentrated in vacuuo and co-evaporated with toluene.
- R CH 3 or CH 2 -CH 3
- Lactose (10 g, 29,2 mmol) was suspended under inert atmosphere in -120 ml_ dry pyridine and cooled to 0°C.
- a mixture of of acetic anhydride (16.5 ml_,175.3 mmol, ⁇ 6 eq.) and propionic anhydride (22.5 ml_, 175.2 mmol, ⁇ 6 eq.) was added dropwise through a separatory funnel under vigorous stirring.
- the reaction was allowed to slowly re-heat to r.t. over -30 min.
- MALDI TOF-MS Uniformly acetylated compound [M+Na] + : Calc.: 701 .59. Found: 701 .61 .
- octaisobutyrate 1 :5 ⁇ , ⁇ Lactose octapropionate, ⁇ , ⁇ Lactose octaisobutyrate: ⁇ , ⁇ Lactose octaacetate 0.5:0.5:5, ⁇ , ⁇ Lactose octaisobutyrate: ⁇ , ⁇ Lactose octaacetate 3:1 , Trehalose octaacetate:Trehalose octapropionate 1 :1 ,
- Trehalose octapropionate Trehalose octaisobutyrate, Raffinose
- pentapropionate injection into PBS and gel-formation are also successful when formulated with 35% and 20% propylene carbonate, respectively (examples shown in Figure 1 ).
- Pure a-D-Glucosamine esters and hydrophilic maltose ester analogues have a tendency to form hard amorphous solids with some crystallinity after injection into PBS - so although ⁇ 20wt% solvent is possible to inject with difficulty, gels of this type containing -25-35 wt% solvent are easier to handle.
- pure acetylated esters such as lactose octaacetate are injectable in 20 wt% DMSO or 20 wt% propylene carbonate, this occurs with difficulty due to high viscosity of the resulting formulation - -30-40 wt% solvent (EtOH, DMSO/NMP or propylene carbonate) is more appropriate for forming injectable gels of pure acetyl esters.
- lactose isobutyrate or lactose acetate:lactose propionate (1 :1 ) were mixed with 20% absolute EtOH and isoniazide (LogP ⁇ -0.8) to give concentrations of ⁇ 5 pg pL in the gel.
- 50 and 80 uL of the lactose acetate:lactose propionate 1 :1 gel and the lactose isobutyrate gel respectively were injected into PBS. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 263 nm (see Figure 2).
- Fluorophore Fluorescein free acid
- lactose isobutyrate or lactose acetate: lactose propionate (1 :1 ) (80%) were mixed with 20% absolute EtOH and Eosin Y free acid (LogP ⁇ 6.4) to give concentrations of -2.4 pg/pL in the gel.
- 50 and 80 uL of the lactose acetate:lactose propionate 1 :1 gel and the lactose isobutyrate gel respectively were injected into PBS. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 515 nm (see Figure 4).
- lactose isobutyrate or lactose acetate:lactose propionate (1 :1 ) were mixed with 20% DMSO containing 5-fluorouracil (5 FU) to give concentrations of -5 pg/pL in the gel. 50 uL of each solution was injected into PBS. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 265 nm (see Figure 5).
- lactose propionate (80%) were mixed with different solvents (20% DMSO, 20% NMP, 5% DMSO and 15% absolute EtOH or 5% NMP and 15% absolute EtOH) containing 5 FU to give an average
- lactose propionate 75%) and 5 % of different additives (PLGA Mn 4000-15,000 or PLA Mn 10,000-18,000) were mixed with 5% DMSO and 15% EtOH containing 5 FU to give average concentrations of -5 pg pL in the gels. 80 uL of both gels were injected into PBS.
- the gel- formulation containing no PLA was formulated according to Figure 7 for 80% lactose propionate containing 15% EtOH and 5% DMSO, and 40 uL of the gel was injected into PBS. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 265 nm (see Figure 7).
- Raffinose isobutyrate and raffinose acetate:propionate 1 :1 were mixed with 15% EtOH and 5% DMSO containing 5 FU to give average concentrations of -3 pg pL in the gels. -70 uL of the formulations were injected into PBS.
- glucosamine isobutyrate, glucosamine propionate, maltose isobutyrate and maltose propionate were mixed with different solvents (20%) containing 5 FU.
- 20 % DMSO was used
- maltose isobutyrate and maltose propionate were mixed with 15% EtOH and 30% propylene carbonate respectively with 5% DMSO containing 5 FU to give average concentrations of -3 pg pL in the gels.
- -20-70 uL of the formulations were injected into PBS. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 265 nm (see Figure 9).
- lactose isobutyrate 80% or lactose acetate was mixed with 2, 5 or 10% glycerol trioctanoate, 5% DMSO (containing 5 FU) and EtOH to give a total of 20% solvent. This resulted in an average concentration of -10 pg pL 5 FU in the gels.
- -40-50 uL of the formulations were injected into PBS. Aliquots of 1 ml_ buffer were removed at specific time intervals and replaced with clean buffer. Cunnulative release was measured by UV-vis at 265 nm (see Figure 10).
- lactose isobutyrate 65% was mixed with 30% glycerol trioctanoate and 5% DMSO or 5% NMP containing 5 FU. This resulted in average concentrations of -1 1 pg pL 5 FU in the gels. -50 uL of the formulations were injected into PBS. Aliquots of 1 ml_ buffer were removed at specific time intervals and replaced with clean buffer. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 265 nm (see Figure 1 1 ).
- lactose isobutyrate and -230 mg of lactose acetate:lactose propionate (1 :1 ) (80%) were mixed with 20% DMSO containing Gemcitabine HCI to give concentrations of -5.5 pg pL in the gels.
- 50 and 80 uL of the lactose acetate:lactose propionate 1 :1 gel and the lactose isobutyrate gel respectively were injected into PBS. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 268 nm (see Figure 12).
- Chemotherapeutic Tirapazamine
- lactose isobutyrate was mixed with either 15% EtOH or 15% glycerol trioctanoate, while lactose acetate was mixed with 30 % EtOH to form an injectable gel. All gels were mixed with an additional -5% DMSO containing tirapazamine (LogP ⁇ -0.06) to give concentrations of -1 pg pL in the gels. -20-70 uL of the gels were injected into PBS. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 266 nm (see Figure 16).
- carbohydrate-drug matrix was mixed with 0, 2, or 5% glycerol trioctanoate, 10% propylene carbonate and 5, 8 or 10% EtOH to give a total of 20% solvent. This resulted in an average concentration of -2.6 pg pL Imiquimod in the gels.
- -50 uL of the formulations was injected into 2 ml_ PBS. Aliquots of 1 ml_ buffer were removed at specific time intervals and replaced with clean buffer. Cumulative release was measured by fluorescence spectroscopy (excitation: 330 nm, emission: 355nm) (see Figure 31 c).
- carbohydrate-drug matrix was mixed 2% PLGA 75:25 (Mw 4.000-15.000 kDa) and with 0, 2, or 5% glycerol trioctanoate, 10% propylene carbonate and 5, 8 or 10% EtOH to give a total of 20-30% solvent. This resulted in an average concentration of -2.6 pg pL Imiquimod in the gels.
- -50 uL of the formulations was injected into 2 ml_ PBS. Aliquots of 1 ml_ buffer were removed at specific time intervals and replaced with clean buffer. Cumulative release was measured by fluorescence spectroscopy (excitation: 330 nm, emission:
- lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 was mixed with 2, 5 or 10% glycerol trioctanoate, 5% DMSO (containing 5 FU) and EtOH to give a total of 20% solvent. This resulted in an average concentration of -9 pg pL 5 FU in the gels.
- -50 ⁇ _ of the formulations were injected into PBS. Aliquots of 1 ml_ buffer were removed at specific time intervals and replaced with clean buffer. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 265 nm (see Figure 20)
- lactose isobutyrate or lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 was mixed with a lomeguatrib solution (in tBuOH/water) and freeze-dhed overnight.
- the resultant carbohydrate-drug matrix was mixed with 40-50% triglyceride
- GTO glycerol trioctanoate
- GTH glycerol trihexanoate
- CAB cellulose acetate butyrate
- lactose isobutyrate or lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 was mixed with a temozolomide solution (in tBuOH/water) and freeze-dried overnight.
- the resultant carbohydrate-drug matrix was mixed with 40-50% triglyceride (glycerol trioctanoate (GTO) or glycerol trihexanoate (GTH)) tuning the formulations with 5-10% propylene carbonate/ethanol or 1 -0.25% cellulose acetate butyrate (Mn ⁇ 12.000). This resulted in an average concentration of -15 pg pL temozolomide in the gels.
- GTO glycerol trioctanoate
- GTH glycerol trihexanoate
- lactose isobutyrate or lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 was mixed with a methotrexate solution (in tBuOH/water) and freeze-dried overnight.
- the resultant carbohydrate-drug matrix was mixed with 10-30% triglyceride
- lactose isobutyrate or lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 was mixed with a 5 FU solution (in tBuOH/water) and freeze-dried overnight.
- the resultant carbohydrate-drug matrix was mixed with 40-50% triglyceride (glycerol trioctanoate (GTO) or glycerol trihexanoate (GTH)) tuning the formulations with 5-10% propylene carbonate/ethanol or 1 -0.25% cellulose acetate butyrate (Mn -12.000). This resulted in an average concentration of -30 pg/pL 5 FU in the gels.
- -50 ⁇ _ of the formulations were injected into PBS. Aliquots of 1 mL buffer were removed at specific time intervals and replaced with clean buffer. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 265 nm (see Figure 25 a and b).
- lactose isobutyrate or lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 was mixed with a 5 FU solution (in tBuOH/water) and freeze-dried overnight.
- the resultant carbohydrate-drug matrix was mixed with a) 10-50% triglyceride (glycerol trioctanoate (GTO) or glycerol trihexanoate (GTH)) tuning the formulations with 5-10% propylene carbonate/ethanol or 2-0.25% cellulose acetate butyrate (Mn -12.000) or b) 20-30% propylene carbonate or ethanol, in case of EtOH with or without 2% PLGA (Mw 4000-15000) .
- GTO glycerol trioctanoate
- GTH glycerol trihexanoate
- lactose isobutyrate or lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 was mixed with a 5 FU solution (in tBuOH/water) and freeze-dried overnight.
- the resultant carbohydrate-drug matrix was mixed with a) 10-50% triglyceride (glycerol trioctanoate (GTO) or glycerol trihexanoate (GTH)) tuning the formulations with 5-10% propylene carbonate/ethanol or 2-0.25% cellulose acetate butyrate (Mn -12.000) or b) 20-30% propylene carbonate or ethanol, in case of EtOH with or without 2% PLGA (Mw 4000-15000) .
- GTO glycerol trioctanoate
- GTH glycerol trihexanoate
- Formulations of lactose isobutyrate:X-SAIB (contrast agent): EtOH and DMSO with composition of 1 )75:5:15:5, 2) 77,5:5:12,5:5 and 2) 80:5:10:5 were prepared along with formulations of lactose acetate:propionate(1 :1 ) :X- SAIB(contrast agent): EtOH and DMSO in 75:5:15:5 ratio. All of the gel formulations were prepared with ⁇ 0.7%o of Hoechst 33342, as model of a DNA binding drug.
- Imaging confirmed release of Hoechst into the tumors, and showed distribution of the fluorophore across most of the tumor area over a period of 6 days.
- Lactose isobutyrate:GTO with composition 60:40 w/w% was prepared with 22,4 pg pL 5-fluoruracil.
- 25 ⁇ _ gel (5-flouruacil dose per mouse: 20 mg/kg) was injected intratumoral into Fadu Head and Neck xenograft tumors (average tumor size: 150-200 mm3) subcutaneously grown on the flank of nude NMRI mice, at a flow rate of 5 ⁇ /minute.
- the tumors were subjected to radiation therapy (4 times 5 Gy on day 1 , 4, 7 and 10). Each group consisted of 7-8 mice and the tumor growth progression was monitored 3 times. The mice were euthanized once their tumors had exceeded 1000 mm3. During the same period, weight of individual mice was monitored to observe the safety profile.
Abstract
The present invention relates to a composition for use as controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient that modulates an immunogenic response in a human or animal body, said composition comprising non-water soluble carbohydrates and wherein the composition is a liquid before administration into the human or animal body and increases in viscosity by more than 1,000 centipoise (cP) after administration.
Description
GEL FORMULATIONS FOR IMPROVING IMMUNOTHERAPY
Field of the invention
The present invention provides a delivery system for local delivery of immunomodulating compounds.
Technical Background
Biomaterials for use as drug delivery systems have found wide interest for treatment of multiple diseases and conditions in humans and animals, such as pain, inflammation, infection, allergy, and cancer. Advanced imaging techniques are furthermore important to diagnose patients and guide advanced treatments such as surgery and radiotherapy and new contrast agents and biomaterials to guide such procedures are of great importance. The present invention provides injectable liquids that gels or solidifies after administration to human or animal body after which it provides a system for controlled drug release and/or acts as a tissue marker for imaging by one or multiple imaging modalities.
Other patents and articles have described the use of biomaterials for controlled release of drugs for various applications. EP1212092 and
US6413536 describe formulations for drug delivery based on a hydrophobic gel matrix consisting of organic solvent, a saccharide ester based on sucrose derivatives such as SAIB or other poly-ols and one or several drugs.
EP1 173151 B1 and US7666844 describes injectable micro-implants for intramuscular or subcutaneous injection of hormones, antidiabetic drugs, growth factors, and blood factors. The injectable formulations are based on derivatized carbohydrates. The needle formed solid micro-implants are thought to be so small, that they can be injected by the patient him/herself by some manual device. EP1042339 and US6352722 describes isomers of derivatives of sucrose, lactose, cellobiose and trehalose for drug delivery. In this patent, the medicinal molecules are incorporated in a solid carbohydrate matrix by either mixing it with solvent following evaporation or by melting the carbohydrates and then mixing them with the drug, which results in a solid matrix to be administered to the patient.
Every year more than 12 million people are diagnosed with cancer worldwide and over 7.5 million people die from cancer each year. These numbers are expected to increase because of population growth and due to the lifestyle in the Western world. There are four standard treatments of cancer; surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy, which can be combined to provide treatment benefit for patients. Radiotherapy is an important part of modern cancer treatment and more than 50% of cancer patients receive radiotherapy at least once. Modern radiotherapy relies on advanced high precision planning, treatment equipment and imaging techniques (such as, e.g., computed tomography (CT), positron-emission tomography (PET) and magnetic imaging resonance (MRI)) in order to deliver high radiation doses to a precisely defined target in patients. Newer treatment regimes include photodynamic therapy, high intensity ultrasound therapy, and methods for thermal ablation to create tissue damage.
One of the main difficulties in external beam radiotherapy and other therapies that rely on external energy delivery to tissues is that both tumors and other tissue move significantly and unpredictably during radiation; both within each single treatment, and during the whole course of treatment. These movements can be dramatic (e.g. several cm within seconds) and may be caused by various factors such as respiration, bladder- and bowel filling, air passing colon, tumor shrinkage and set-up variation of the patient. One way of minimizing this problem is the implantation of markers in or adjacent to the tumor allowing frequent imaging and treatment adaptation.
Ideally, a tissue marker should enable tracking of tissue movement; be visible on several image modalities; be visible for an extended period (e.g., at least 4 weeks); be non-toxic; and be easy to insert.
Various attempts have been made for improvements within the field of radiotherapy. EP1006935 describes a composition for controlled release of a substance WO9403155 describes a hydrogel composition prepared from a backbone bonded to a cross-linking agent. The hydrogels may be loaded with therapeutic drugs and diagnostic labels, including X-ray contrast imaging agents for disease diagnostics and treatment. US20120065614 discloses a
hybrid system for bio imaging. Gold is bound into a matrix comprising a hydrogel or polymer or similar. In US20100297007 a substantially bi concave shaped nanoparticle is disclosed, the nanoparticle comprising an aqueous inner core and a hydrophilic outer shell comprising an amphiphilic polymer.
Furthermore, US20091 10644 discloses a nanoparticle consisting of a polymer which is a metal chelating agent coated with a magnetic metal oxide, wherein at least one active agent is covalently bound to the polymer. In the documents US20100290995 and US2005036946, radio-opaque
biodegradable compositions are disclosed by modifying terminal groups of synthetic and natural biodegradable polymers such as polylactones with iodinated moieties and in SE403255 a contrast agent is disclosed that comprises a polymer comprising hydroxy- and/or carboxy- and/or amino groups further comprising X-ray contrast giving iodo-substituted aromatic groups. Further yet, the document WO9519184 discloses air encapsulating micro particles formed by ionotropically gelling synthetic polyelectrolytes such as poly(carboxylato-phenoxy)phosphazene, poly(acrylic acid),
poly(methacrylic acid) and methacrylic acid copolymers (Eudragit's) by contact with multivalent ions such as calcium ions.
There are several drawbacks to the current clinical practice using solid markers and the methods described in the documents above. Installation of solid markers is invasive due to the large dimension of the solid implant which may cause severe complications limiting is usefulness in radiotherapy. By combining gel-forming, low-viscosity solutions with solid particles and/or organic X-ray contrast agents (or other imaging modalities) injectable gels can be formulated with fine-tuned properties as these can be modified by multiply parameters with respect to the gel forming solution and the contrast agents used. The solid particles can, besides contributing to the overall contrast of the system, also carry pharmaceutical substances and control their release in a controlled manner.
Unfortunately, radiotherapy is only able to provide local control of the primary tumor and is not suitable for treating patients with metastatic disease. However, by utilizing the weak immune stimulating effects that radiotherapy
provides, in combination with potent immune modulating drugs, it may be possible to cure patients with metastatic disease and obtain systemic tumor control. Cancer immunotherapy attempts to stimulate the immune system to reject and destroy tumors. Radiotherapy (RT) induces tumor cell death by several mechanisms, one represented by induction of immunogenic cell death that leads to secretion of immunogenic proteins like Calreticulin and HMGB1 , and small molecules like ATP. These factors activate antigen-presenting cells like monocytes, dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages in the tumor
microenvironment. Furthermore, the cells phagocytose dead tumor cells and cell components, and migrate to local lymph nodes to raise an antigen specific response against antigens from the resident dead tumor cells.
Unfortunately, radiation alone does not induce a sufficiently high
immunogenic response to provide a specific immuno-dependent eradication of the cancer cells due to the immunosuppressive environment, systemically as well as locally in the tumors. An effect caused by M2 macrophages, Treg- cells, immature DCs and myeloid derived suppressor cells. However, a combination of radiotherapy with administered Toll Like Receptor (TLR) agonists or other immune stimulating compounds can potentially provide a sufficiently high immune cell activation to induce a highly effective systemic response.
The combination of radiotherapy with chemotherapeutic drugs or radiosensitizers is also highly interesting for combination therapies if efficient drug delivery systems were available.
One aim of the present invention is to provide new formulations comprising gel-forming, low-viscosity systems that are easy to administer parenterally, and wherein the present invention provides good control of drug release that modulates immunogenic response and potentially also
visualization by one or multiple imaging modalities.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a composition for use as controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient that modulates an immunogenic response in a human or animal body, said composition
comprising non-water soluble carbohydrates and wherein the composition is a liquid before administration into the human or animal body and increases in viscosity by more than 1 ,000 centipoise (cP) after administration.
Description of the drawings
Figure 1 : In vitro studies of gel forming systems comprised of non- water soluble carbohydrates
Figure 2: In vitro release of isoniazide from 80% gel-compositions with different hydrophobicities.
Figure 3: In vitro release of fluorescein from 80% gel-compositions with different hydrophobicities.
Figure 4: In vitro release of Eosin Y from 80% gel-compositions with different hydrophobicities.
Figure 5: In vitro release of 5-fluorouracil (5 FU) from 80% gel- compositions with different hydrophobicity.
Figure 6: In vitro release of 5-fluorouracil (5 FU) from 80% gel- compositions of lactose propionate formulations.
Figure 7: In vitro release of 5-fluorouracil (5 FU) from 75% lactose propionate+ 5% additive and 80% lactose propionate formulations.
Figure 8: In vitro release of 5-fluorouracil (5 FU) from raffinose and trehalose ester formulations consisting of 80% gel-forming carbohydrate material and 20% solvent.
Figure 9: In vitro release of 5-fluorouracil (5 FU) from glucosamine and maltose ester formulations consisting of 80-65% gel-forming carbohydrate material and 20-35% solvent.
Figure 10: In vitro release of 5-fluorouracil (5 FU) from lactose esters formulations.
Figure 1 1 : In vitro release of 5-fluorouracil (5 FU) from lactose isobutyrate formulations.
Figure 12: In vitro release of gemcitabine HCI from 80% lactose ester formulations with different hydrophobicity.
Figure 13: In vitro release of gemcitabine HCI from 80% maltose and glucosamine ester formulations.
Figure 14: In vitro release of gemcitabine HCI from 80% maltose and glucosamine ester formulations.
Figure 15. In vitro release of gemcitabine HCI from maltose propionate formulation.
Figure 16: In vitro release of tirapazamine from 80% lactose ester formulations.
Figure 17: In vitro release of resiquimod from 80% lactose
acetate:proprionate (1 :1 ) formulations.
Figure 18: In vivo gel stability evaluation of lactose isobutyrate gels by CT: CT-scans of mice injected with 25-30 uL of a lactose
isobutyrate:lodoSAIB:EtOH 80:5:15 (% w/w) or a lactose
isobutyrate:lodoSAIB:EtOH 75:5:20 (% w/w) gel formulation. The tumors treated with radiotherapy were exposed to three radiations of 5 gray each (day 2, day 3 and day 4 out of a period of 6 days). The white arrows indicate the location of the radiopaque gel-depots.
Figure 19: Histological cross section of the tumor area showing diffusion of Hoechst 33342 from the lactose isobutyrate gel depots. These images represent cryo-sections made from tumors taken out at 1 day and day 6 post-injection. Intra-tumoral injection of the gel results in gaps in tumor sections as can also be seen in the image. The white line indicates the contour of the tumor section.
Figure 20. In vitro release of gemcitabine HCI from lactose
acetate:propionate 1 :1 -triglyceride formulations.
Figure 21 . Release of lomeguatrib from lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 or lactose isobutyrate-triglyceride formulations.
Figure 22 a): Release of Tirapazamine from lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 and lactose isobutyrate -triglyceride formulations with and without 5-15% propylene carbonate or 1 -0,25% cellulose acetate butyrate (Mn~12.000).
Figure 22 b): Release of Tirapazamine from lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 and lactose isobutyrate -triglyceride formulations with and without 5-15% propylene carbonate or 1 -0,25% cellulose acetate butyrate (Mn~12.000).
Figure 23: Release of temozolomide from lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 or lactose isobutyrate-triglyceride formulations with or without 5-10% organic solvent or 1 -0,25% Cellulose acetate isobutyrate (CAB).
Figure 24: Release of methotrexate from lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 -triglyceride formulations with 15-25% propylene carbonate.
Figure 25 a): Release of 5 FU from lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 or lactose isobutyrate-triglyceride formulations.
Figure 25 b): Release of 5 FU from lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 or lactose isobutyrate-triglyceride formulations.
Figure 26 a): Release from high concentration 5 FU lactose isobutyrate gel formulations.
Figure 26 b): Release from high concentration 5 FU lactose isobutyrate gel formulations.
Figure 26 c): Release from high concentration 5 FU lactose isobutyrate gel formulations.
Figure 26 d): Release from high concentration 5 FU lactose isobutyrate gel formulations.
Figure 27 a): Release from high concentration 5 FU lactose
acetate:propionate 1 :1 gel formulations.
Figure 27 b1 ): Release from high concentration 5 FU lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 gel formulations.
Figure 27 b2): Release from high concentration 5 FU lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 gel formulations.
Figure 27 c): Release from high concentration 5 FU lactose
acetate:propionate 1 :1 gel formulations.
Figure 27 d): Release from high concentration 5 FU lactose
acetate:propionate 1 :1 gel formulations.
Figure 28 a): Release of 5 FU from lactose acetate:propionate regioisomer-triglyceride/EtOH formulations.
Figure 28 b): Release of 5 FU from lactose acetate:propionate regioisomer-triglyceride/EtOH formulations.
Figure 28 c): Release of 5 FU from lactose acetate:propionate regioisomer-triglyceride/EtOH formulations.
Figure 29: Release of 5 FU from trehalose acetate:propionate regioisomer-triglyceride formulations.
Figure 30a: Tumor growth curve and survival from a Fadu Xenograft mouse model in vivo study with 5-FU release from Lactose isobutyrate:GTO fomulations injected directly in tumor.
Figure 30b: Tumor growth curve and survival from a Fadu Xenograft mouse model in vivo study with 5-FU release from Lactose isobutyrate:GTO fomulations injected directly in tumor.
Figure 31 a: Cumulative release, Resiquimod
Figure 31 b: Cumulative release, Resiquimod
Figure 31 c: Cumulative release, Imiquimod
Figure 31 d: Cumulative release, Imiquimod
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention discloses a composition for use as controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient that modulates an immunogenic response in a human or animal body, said composition comprising non-water soluble carbohydrates and wherein the composition is a liquid before administration into the human or animal body and increases in viscosity by more than 1 ,000 centipoise (cP) after administration.
Definitions
"Non-water soluble carbohydrates" refers to carbohydrates that are insoluble in water, which is defined as carbohydrates that precipitates when the concentration exceeds 0.1 M at 25 degrees Celsius.
In the context of the present invention, a "gel" is defined as a carrier matrix in which the detectable agent (contrast agent) or active pharmaceutical ingredient is dispersed and/or dissolved within. The term "gel" as used in the present invention includes systems such as gels or amorphous glass matrices, crystalline solids, amormphous solids, which upon injection into a human or an animal increases viscosity where the composition changes from being liquid like to gel like in its appearance.
In the context of the present invention, a "marker" or "tissue marker" is a detectable agent or composition which does not move, or stays
substantially in the same position, for several days or weeks once it has been administered or implanted into a specific site or tissue of a mammalian body. A tissue marker can, for example, comprise one or more X-ray contrast agents, radioactive compounds, paramagnetic compounds, fluorescent agents, ultrasound contrast agent, agents visable with PET imaging, or other detectable agents.
An "imageable tissue marker" or "imageable marker" comprises a detectable agent in a form and/or a sufficient amount to allow for detection of the tissue marker by an external imaging modality if administered or implanted into a mammalian body. Exemplary external imaging modalities include, but are not limited to, X-ray imaging, CT imaging, MRI, PET imaging, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, nuclear scintigraphy imaging, ultrasonography imaging, ultrasonic imaging, near- infrared imaging and/or fluorescence imaging.
With the term "carbohydrates", as used herein, we refer to
monosaccharides, disaccharides and trisaccharides or oligosaccharides, including amino sugars.
With the term "hydrofobicity" we refer to the effect that molecule is seemingly repelled from water, which means that it has a very low solubitlity in water. With the term "viscosity" we refer to that the viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress
With the term "gel-like" compound or material, as used herein, we refer to any compound comprising some of the properties of a gel i.e. a material that exhibits limited flow when in the steady-state. By weight, gels are mostly liquid, yet they behave like solids due to a three-dimensional interacitons within the liquid. It is the interactions within the fluid that gives a gel its structure (hardness) and contributes to the adhesive stick. In this way gels are a dispersion of molecules of a liquid within a solid in which the solid is the continuous phase and the liquid is the discontinuous phase providing a gellike material with a higher viscosity than for that of a liquid.
The terms "drug", "medicament", "agent", or "pharmaceutical agent" as used herein include, biologically, physiologically, or pharmacologically active substances that act locally or systemically in the human or animal body.
The terms "treating", "treatment" and "therapy" as used herein refer equally to curative therapy, prophylactic or preventative therapy and ameliorating therapy. The term includes an approach for obtaining beneficial or desired physiological results, which may be established clinically. For purposes of this invention, beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, alleviation of symptoms, diminishment of extent of disease, stabilized (i.e., not worsening) condition, delay or slowing of progression or worsening of condition/symptoms, amelioration or palliation of the condition or symptoms, and remission (whether partial or total), whether detectable or undetectable. The term "palliation", and variations thereof, as used herein, means that the extent and/or undesirable manifestations of a physiological condition or symptom are lessened and/or time course of the progression is slowed or lengthened, as compared to not administering compositions of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
The formulation is preferably in the form adapted for parenteral administration and/or for administration using topical route, and should preferably consist of pharmaceutically acceptable constituents. The
formulation that as such has a comparable low viscosity is intended for injection in the body of a human or animal, where after the formulation becomes more viscous, i.e. it goes through a sol-gel transition (liquid to gel) transition, due to the presence of the gel-forming system. It is preferred that the viscosity of the formulation after injection in the body of a human or animal increases by at least 50 %, such as at least 80 %, such as at least 100 %, or at least 150 %, or at least 200 %, or at least 300 %, or at least 500 %, or at least 750 %, or at least 1000 %, or at least 10,000%, or that the formulation becomes essentially solid (non-viscous).
The formulation is preferably adapted for injection via a thin needle used for injection into a body or surgical related procedures, such as but not limited to
biopsy. The viscosity of the gel-forming formulation before injection can be any suitable viscosity such that the formulation can be parenterally
administered to a patient.
Exemplary formulations include, but are not limited to, those having a viscosity (prior to administration/injection) lower than 10,000 centipoise (cP), e.g. lower than 2,000 cP, such as 10 to 2,000 cP, such as 20 to 1 ,000 cP, such as 150 to 350 cP, such as 400 to 600 cP, such as 600 to 1 ,200 cP or such as 1 ,000 to 2,000 cP, or 10 to 600 cP, or 20 to 350 cP, at 20 °C.
Alternative formulations include, but are not limited to, those having a viscosity (prior to administration/injection) lower than 10,000 centipoise (cP), e.g. lower than 2,000 cP, such as 10 to 2,000 cP, such as 20 to 1 ,000 cP, such as 150 to 350 cP, such as 400 to 600 cP, such as 600 to 1 ,200 cP or such as 1 ,000 to 2,000 cP, or 10 to 600 cP, or 20 to 350 cP, at 5 °C. When referred to herein, the (dynamic) viscosity is measured at the specified temperature in accordance with the method described in ASTM D7483. Gels in the present invention are formed by hydrophobic interactions and/or physical (non-covalent) cross-links by complexation, hydrogen bonding, desolvation, Van der Waals interactions, ionic bonding, combinations thereof, and the like, and may be initiated by mixing two precursors that are physically separated until combined in situ, or as a consequence of a prevalent condition in the physiological environment. Chemical (covalent) cross linking may be accomplished by any of a number of mechanisms, including free radical polymerization, condensation polymerization, anionic or cationic polymerization, step growth polymerization, electrophile-nucleophile reactions, combinations thereof, and the like.
The gel forming compositions may be loaded with organic x-ray agents such as iodinated polymers or sugars and nanoparticles or submicron particles either prior to or during gel formation, such as when the gel is in a liquid state or in transition to the gel-state, e.g., by diffusion into the gel composition. These x-ray agents or particles may either be entrapped in the hydrogel matrix without any chemical bond, or they may be bonded, non- covalently or covalently, to the gel composition. The organic x-ray agents may
be one component in the gel and the particles another component, where the particles are either a contrast agent for imaging by x-ray, MRI, PET, SPECT, fluorescence , HIFO/proton therapy or ultrasound, and/or contain
pharmaceutical agents. Pharmaceutical agents may be, but not limited to, radiosensitzers, chemotherapeutics, immunomodulators, anesthetics or hormones. MRI agents such as gadolinium may be a component in the gel forming systems. Pharmaceutical agents can furthermore be covalent or non- covalently embedded in the gel. After injection, the gelled or solidified formulation typically provides a well defined gel that remains at the injection site for several days, weeks or months and may conatin an assembly of imaging contrast agents which provides contrast in e.g. X-ray imaging, and which may serve as a tissue marker, thus, enabling tracking of tissue or tumor movement during e.g. radiotherapy or surgical procedures.
The gel forming system may be used for aid or guidance of one or more external or internal stimuli (or a combination of both). It may also be used in combination with external or internal stimuli to enhance the
therapeutic effect of the stimuli. In one interesting embodiment, the gel forming system may be used in combination with photodynamic therapy (PDT) in combination with a drug (photosensitizer or photosensitizing agent) with a specific type of light to kill cancer cells. In another embodiment, the gel forming system may be used in combination with hyperthermia based treatments such as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA) and laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT), but not limited to those. In high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) the gel forming system may be used to direct or aid in delivery of acoustic energy into the desired tissue thereby destroying the diseased tissue by e.g. thermal ablation (coagulation necrosis). In another embodiment, the gel forming system may be used to direct or aid in insertion of the needle electrode into the target site for use in radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA). In yet another embodiment, the gel forming system may be used to direct or aid in Laser- induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) to ensure correct laser irradiation of the target tissue.
Gel forming component
Suitable gel-forming components include those composed of organic constituents such as derivatized saccharides such as esterified saccharides, derivatized polyols such as esterified polyols, polymers, lipids, peptides, proteins, low molecular weight gelators and non-water soluble high-viscosity liquid carrier materials as well as combinations hereof.
In one specific embodiment of the invention the hydration sensitive gel forming component is hydrophobic saccharides. Preferred scaffolds are monosaccharides, disaccharides, trisaccharides, or oligosaccharides. Other suitable alcohol moieties include those derived by removing one or more hydrogen atoms from: monofunctional C1 -C20 alcohols, difunctional C1 -C20 alcohols, trifunctional alcohols, hydroxy-containing carboxylic acids, hydroxy- containing amino acids, phosphate-containing alcohols, tetrafunctional alcohols, sugar alcohols, monosaccharides, and disaccharides, sugar acids, and polyether polyols. More specifically, alcohol moieties may include one or more of: dodecanol, hexanediol, more particularly, 1 ,6-hexanediol, glycerol, glycolic acid, lactic acid, hydroxybutyric acid, hydroxyvaleric acid,
hydroxycaproic acid, serine, ATP, pentaerythritol, mannitol, sorbitol, glucose, galactose, fructose, maltose, lactose, glucuronic acid, polyglycerol ethers containing from 1 to about 10 glycerol units, polyethylene glycols containing 1 to about 20 ethylene glycol units. Additionally, any oligosaccharide containing from 3 to about 6 monosaccharides may be used as the scaffold in the present invention. In general, the scaffold esters of the invention can be made by reacting one or more alcohols, in particular one or more polyols, which will form the alcohol moiety of the resulting esters with one or more carboxylic acids, lactones, lactams, carbonates, or anhydrides of the carboxylic acids which will form the acid moieties of the resulting esters. The esterification reaction can be conducted simply by heating, although in some instances addition of a strong acid or strong base esterification catalyst may be used. Alternatively, an esterification catalyst such as stannous 2-ethylhexanoate or activation reagents such as N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC), Ν,Ν'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1 -yl)-
Ν,Ν,Ν',Ν'-tetramethyluroniunn hexafluorophosphate (HATU) and the like can be used.
The acyl groups forming the acyloxy substituents of the invention may be any moiety derived from a carboxylic acid. More particularly, the acyl groups of the compositions of the invention may be of the RCO-, where R is optionally oxy-substituted alkyl of 2-10 carbon atoms which may be linear or branched hydrocarbons with one or more functional groups present in the chain. Using carboxylic acids and/or polyols of different chain length and using carboxylic acids having oxy-substitution allows control of the degree of hydrophilicity and of the solubility of the resulting ester. Such materials are sufficiently resistant to dissolution in vivo that they are able to form stabile hydrophobic gels, which may encapsulate the acitive pharmaceutical ingredients and/or the contrast agents of the present invention.
Suitable monosaccharides in either D or L-form include but are not limited to the following structures, in which α,β anomeric mixtures at any ratio may exist : Glucosamine, Galactosamine, Mannosamine, Mannose,
Rhamnose, Rhamnosamine, Galactose, Allose, Allosamine, Altrose,
Altrosamine, Gulose, Gulosamine, Idose, Idosamine, Talose and Talosamine.
Suitable disaccharides, include but are not limited to the following structures in which α,β anomeric mixtures at any ratio may exist, and where the individual sugars may be linked by either a or β glycosidic bonds and the individual sugars can D or L: Galp-(1→2)-Glc, Galp-(1→3)-GlcN, Galp-(1→4)- Glc, Glcp-(1→4)-Glc, Glcp-(1→6)-Glc, Glcp-(1→2)-GlcN, Galp-(1→4)-ManN, Glcp-(1→4)-GalN, Manp-(1→3)-Glc, ManNp-(1→4)-Gal, GalNp-(1→3)-ManN, GlcNp-(1→6)-GalN, Rhamnp-(1→6)-Glc, Glcp-(1^1)-Glcp, Talp-(1→4)-Glu, Glup (1→3)-ldo, GlcNp-(1→4)-GlcN, GlcNp-(1→6)-GlcN.
Suitable trisaccharides include but are not limited to the following structures in which α,β anomeric mixtures at any ratio may exist, and where the individual sugars can be linked by either a or β glycosidic bonds and the individual sugars can be D or L: Galp-(1→2)-Glcp-(1→3)-Galp, Galp-(1→4)- Glcp-(1→6)-GlcN, Galp-(1→4)-Glcp-(1→6)-Gal, Glcp-(1→4)-Glcp-(1→4)- Glcp , Glcp-(1→6)-Glcp-(1→6)-Glc, Galp-(1→6)-Glcp (1^2)-Fruf, Glcp-
(1→3)- Fruf-(2<→1)-Glcp, Galp-(1→4)-ManNp-(1→3)-Glu, Glcp-(1→4)-GalN- (1→2)-Man, Manp-(1→3)-Glcp-(1→4)-GlcN, ManNp-(1→4)-Galp-(1→3)-Glc, GalNp-(1→3)-ManNp-(1→6)-GlcN. Rhamnp-(1→6)-Glcp -(1→4)-GlcN, Galp- (1→6)-Gicp-(1^1)-Glcp, Talp-(1→4)-Glup-(1→2)-Man, Glup (1→3)-ldop- (1→6)-Glu, GlcNp-(1→6)-GlcNp (1→4)-GlcN.
Suitable tetrasaccharides include but are not limited to the following structures in which α,β anomeric mixtures at any ratio may exist, and where the individual sugars can be linked by either a or β glycosidic bonds and the individual sugars can be D or L: Galp-(1→4)-Glcp-(1→6)-glcp-(1→4)-Glc, Galp-(1→4)-Glcp-(1→4)-Glcp-(1→4)-Glcp-(1→4)-Glc, Galp-(1→4)-Glcp- (1→4)-Galp-(1→4)-Glc, Glcp-(1→4)-Glcp-(1→4)-Glcp-(1→4)-Glc, Galp- (1→6)-Glcp-(1→6)-Galp-(1→6)-Glc, Galp-(1→6)-Glcp-(1→6)-Galp-(1→4)- Glc, Galp-(1→6)-Glcp-(1→6)-Glcp-(1→4)-Glc, GlcNp-(1→4)-GlcNp-(1→6)- GlcNp-(1→4)-GlcN, GlcNp-(1→6)-Galp-(1→6)-Glcp-(1^2)-Fruf, Galp-(1→4)- Glcp-(1→3)- Fruf-(2^1)-Glcp, Talp-(1→4)-Glup-(1→2)-Man-(1-3)-Glu, Glup (1→3)-ldop-(1→6)-Glup-(1→2)-Gal.
Solvent
The composition of the solvent (dispersion medium) should not be particularly limited, and examples include biocompatible organic solvents such as ethanol, ethyl lactate, propylene carbonate, glycofurol, N- methylpyrrolidone, 2-pyrrolidone, propylene glycol, acetone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, benzyl alcohol, triacetin,
dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, caprolactam, decylmethylsulfoxide, such as but not limited to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, glycofurol, polyethylene glycol (PEG), benzyl benzoate, triglycerides, acetone, benzyl alcohol, /V-(betahydromethyl) lactamide, butylene glycol, caprolactam, caprolactone, corn oil, decylmethylsulfoxide, dimethyl ether, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1 -dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one, ethanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate, ethyl oleate, glycerol, glycofurol (tetraglycol), isopropyl myristate, methyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, esters of caprylic and/or capric acids with glycerol or alkylene glycols, oleic acid, peanut oil, polyethylene glycol, propylene carbonate, 2-pyrrolidone, sesame oil, [±]-2,2-dimethyl-1 ,3-
dioxolane-4-methanol, tetrahydrofuran, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, carbitol, triacetin, triethyl citrate, and combinations thereof; or desirably from trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorofluoromethane, tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), dimethyl ether, propane, butane, and combinations thereof; or specifically from caprylic/capric triglyceride, oleic acid, 1 -dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one and the like. Although the formulation can be stably dispersed in these solvents (dispersion media), the solvents may be further added with a saccharide derivatives of for example, triglycerides such as tri-pentanoyl glycerol, tri-octanoyl glycerol, tri-dodecanoyl glycerol, a monosaccharide such as glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, inositol, ribose and xylose, disaccharide such as lactose, sucrose, cellobiose, trehalose and maltose, trisaccharide such as raffinose and melezitose, and polysaccharide such as α-, β-, or γ-cyclodextrin, sugar alcohol such as erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, and maltitol, or a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerin, diglycerin, polyglycerin, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, ethylene glycol mono-alkyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-alkyl ether and 1 ,3-butylene glycol. Additives may furthermore be selected from the group consisting of bioavailable materials such as amiloride, procainamide, acetyl-beta- methylcholine, spermine, spermidine, lysozyme, fibroin, albumin, collagen, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), dexamethason, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibronectin, fibrinogen, thrombin, proteins,
dexrazoxane, leucovorin, ricinoleic acid, phospholipid, small intestinal submucosa, vitamin E, polyglycerol ester of fatty acid, Labrafil, Labrafil M1944CS, citric acid, glutamic acid, hydroxypropyl, isopropyl myristate, Eudragit, tego betain, dimyristoylphosphatidyl-choline, scleroglucan, and the like; organic solvents such as cremophor EL, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and the like; preservatives such as methylparaben and the like; sugars such as starch and derivatives thereof, sugar-containing polyols such as sucrose- mannitol, glucose-mannitol, and the like; amino acids such as alanine, arginine, glycine, and the like; polymer-containing polyols such as trehalose-
PEG; sucrose-PEG, sucrose-dextran, and the like; sugar-containing amino acid such as sorbitol-glycine, sucrose-glycine, and the like; surfactants such as poloxamer of various molecular weights, Tween 20 Tween 80, Triton X- 100, sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS), Brij, and the like; sugar-containing ions such as trehalose-ZnS04, maltose-ZnS04, and the like; and bio-acceptable salts such as silicate, NaCI, KCI, NaBr, Nal, LiCI, n-Bu4NBr, n-Pr4NBr, Et NBr, Mg(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, ZnC03, Ca3(P04)2, ZnCI2, (C2H302)2Zn, ZnC03, CdCI2, HgCI2, CaCI2, (CaN03)2, BaCI2, MgCI2, PbCI2, AICI2, FeCI2, FeCI3, NiCI2, AgCI, AuCI, CuCI2, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, dodecyltrimethyl- ammonium bromide, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, tetradecyltrimethyl- ammonium bromide, and the like, but not limited to those.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the content of the additive is from 1 x 10"6 -50 wt%, preferably 1 *10"3 to 30 wt%, based on the total weight of the gel forming component(s).
Contrast agents
Contrast may be achieved using organic x-ray contrast agents, such as radiopague agents such as iodinated compounds, which may be combined with chelators of MRI agents such as gadolinium, and/or combined with chelators of PET imaging agents such as copper-64, which may further be combined with solid inorganic particles. Chelators may be DOTA, EDTA, or DTPA and chelators will be non-covalently embedded or covalently
conjugated to the gel-forming components. The combined contrast agents should preferably be visible by at least CT imaging. Preferred contrast agents are iodinated compounds such as polymers or sugar molecules such as derivatives of glucose or sucrose or other oligosaccharides. Solid particles may comprise, or consist of, one or more X-ray contrast agents, i.e., compounds that are able to block or attenuate X-ray radiation. Such compounds include transition metals, rare earth metals, alkali metals, alkali earth metals, other metals, as defined by the periodic table. A metal or alkali metal may appear in non-oxidized or any of the existing oxidation states for the metal. These oxidation states include monovalent cations, divalent cations, trivalent cations, tetravalent cations, pentavalent cations, hexavalent
cations and heptavalent cations.
In one embodiment, the one or more X-ray contrast agents are selected from Iodine (I), gold (Au), bismuth (Bi), gadolinium (Gd), iron (Fe), barium (Ba), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). In a particular embodiment, the detectable compound comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of gold (Au) and bismuth (Bi). The one or more X-ray contrast agents are typically present in metal form, in alloy form, in oxide form or in salt form.
It should be understood that besides iodinated compounds which provides a useful contrast for X-ray imaging, the formulation may also include solid particles that are visible by X-ray imaging or other imaging modalities than X-ray imaging. In one embodiment, the solid-particles are furthermore visible by MR and/or PET imaging, or by other imaging modalities.
In a particular embodiment, the gel-forming composition may further comprise a radioactive or paramagnetic compound for one or more imaging modalities such as MRI, PET imaging, SPECT imaging, nuclear scintigraphy imaging, ultrasonography imaging, ultrasonic imaging, near-infrared imaging and/or fluorescence imaging.
In some interesting embodiments, the formulation according to any one of the preceding claims, contain solid particles that comprise one or more radioactive, paramagnetic or ferromagnetic particles.
Moreover, individual particles may comprise two or more types of compounds which are visible in different imaging modalities.
Said radioactive compounds may comprise isotopes of Copper (61Cu, 64Cu, and 67Cu), Iodide (123l,124l,125l,131 l), Indium (11 1 ln), Technetium (99mTc), Rhenium (186Re, 188Re), Gallium (67Ga, 68Ga), Strontium (89Sr), Samarium (153Sm), Ytterbium (169Yb), Thallium (201TI), Astatine (211At), Lutetium (177Lu), Actinium (225Ac), Yttrium (90Y), Antimony (119Sb), Tin (117Sn, 113Sn),
Dysprosium (159Dy), Cobalt (56Co), Iron (59Fe), Ruthenium (97Ru, 103Ru), Palladium (103Pd), Cadmium (115Cd), Tellurium (118Te, 123Te), Barium (131Ba, 140Ba), Gadolinium (149Gd, 151Gd), Terbium (160Tb), Gold (198Au, 199Au), Lanthanum (140La), Zirconium (89Zr) and Radium (223Ra, 224Ra), wherein said
isotope of a metal radionuclide may appear in any of the existing oxidation states for the metal. These oxidation states include monovalent cations, divalent cations, trivalent cations, tetravalent cations, pentavalent cations, hexavalent cations and heptavalent cations.
Said paramagnetic or ferromagnetic compounds may also be selected from the group of Scandium (Sc), Yttrium (Y), Lanthanum (La), Titanium (Ti), Zirconium (Zr), Hafnium (Hf), Vandium (V), Niobium (Nb), Tantalum (Ta); Chromium (Cr), Molybdenium (Mo), Tungsten (W), Manganese (Mn),
Technetium (Tc), Rhenium (Re), Iron (Fe), Ruthenium (Ru), Osmium (Os), Cobalt (Co), Rhodium (Rh), Iridium (Ir), Nickel (Ni), Palladium (Pd), Platinum (Pt), Copper (Cu), Silver (Ag), Gold (Au), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), the lanthanides such as Lathanum (La), Cerium (Ce), Praseodymium (Pr), Neodymium ( Nd), Promethium (Pm), Samarium (Sm), Europium (Eu), Gadolinium (Gd), Terbium (Tb), Dysprosium (Dy), Holmium (Ho), Erbium (Er), Thulium (Tm), Ytterbium (Yb), Lutetium (Lu)) and the actinides such as
Actinium (Ac), Thorium (Th), Protactinium (Pa), Uranium (U), Neptunium (Np), Plutonium (Pu), Americium(Am), Curium (Cm), Berkelium (Bk), Californium (Cf), Einsteinium(Es), Fermium (Fm), Mendelevium (Md), Nobelium (No) and Lawrencium (Lr), wherein said paramagnetic or ferromagnetic compounds may appear in any of the existing oxidation states for the metal. These oxidation states include monovalent cations, divalent cations, trivalent cations, tetravalent cations, pentavalent cations, hexavalent cations and heptavalent cations.
Said one or more radioactive, paramagnetic or ferromagnetic compounds may be covalently linked to gel-forming components or the nano- sized particles or non-covalently associated with the gel-forming components or nano-sized particles.
In one embodiment, the gel-forming components or nano-sized particles further comprise one or more fluorophore compounds for near infrared fluorescence imaging. Said compounds may comprise a fluorescent proteins, peptides, or fluorescent dye molecules. Common classes of fluorescent dyes include xanthenes such as rhodamines, rhodols and fluoresceins, and their
derivatives; bimanes; coumarins and their derivatives such as umbelliferone and aminomethyl coumarins; aromatic amines such as dansyl; squarate dyes; benzofurans; fluorescent cyanines; carbazoles; dicyanomethylene pyranes, polymethine, oxabenzanthrane, xanthene, pyrylium, carbostyl, perylene, acridone, quinacridone, rubrene, anthracene, coronene, phenanthrecene, pyrene, butadiene, stilbene, lanthanide metal chelate complexes, rare-earth metal chelate complexes, and derivatives of such dyes. Typical fluorescein dyes include 5-carboxyfluorescein, fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate and 6- carboxyfluorescein; examples of other fluorescein dyes can be found, for example, in US 6,008,379, US 5,750,409, US 5,066,580, and US 4,439,356. The species may also include a rhodamine dye, such as, for example, tetramethylrhodamine-6-isothiocyanate, 5-carboxytetramethyl rhodamine, 5- carboxy rhodol derivatives, tetramethyl and tetraethyl rhodamine,
diphenyldimethyl and diphenyldiethyl rhodamine, dinaphthyl rhodamine, rhodamine 101 sulfonyl chloride (sold under the tradename of TEXAS RED), and other rhodamine dyes. The species may alternatively include a cyanine dye, such as, for example, Cy3, Cy3B, Cy3.5, Cy5, Cy5.5, Cy. Or IRDye 800CW, IRDye 680LT, Qdot 800 nanocrystal, Qdot 705 nanocrystal or porphyrazine compounds
In another embodiment, the nano-sized particles further comprise or consist of one or more gasses encapsulated in lipid, polymer or inorganic based particles for ultrasonography imaging. Said gasses may comprise air, sulphur halides such as sulphur hexafluoride or disulphur decafluoride;
fluorocarbons such as perfluorocarbons; fluorinated (e.g. perfluorinated) ketones such as peril uoroacetone; and fluorinated (e.g. perfluorinated) ethers such as perfluorodiethyl ether. Representative perfluorocarbons, which may for example contain up to 7 carbon atoms, include perfluoroalkanes such as perfluoromethane, perfluoroethane, perfluoropropanes, peril uorobutanes (e.g. perfluoro-n-butane, optionally in a mixture with other isomers such as perfluoro-iso-butane), perfluoropentanes, perfluorohexanes and
perfluoroheptanes; perfluoroalkenes such as perfluoropropene,
perfluorobutenes (e.g. perfluorobut-2-ene) and perfluorobutadiene;
perfluoroalkynes such as perfluorobut-2-yne; peril uorocycloalkanes such as perfluorocyclobutane, perfluoromethylcyclobutane,
perfluorodimethylcyclobutanes, perfluorotrimethylcyclobutanes,
perfluorocyclopentane, perfluoromethylcyclopentane,
perfluorodimethylcyclopentanes, perfluorocyclohexane,
perfluoromethylcyclohexane and perfluorocycloheptane; and mixtures of any of the foregoing, including mixtures with gases such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen etc, but not limited to those.
In another embodiment, contrast in achieved using small organic iodine containing compounds. Said small organic iodine containing
compounds includes commercial available iodinated contrast agents such as diatrizoate (marketed e.g. under the trade name Gastrografen™), ionic dimers such as ioxaglate (marketed e.g. under the trade name Hexabrix™), nonionic monomers such as iohexol (marketed e.g. under the trade name
Omnipaque™), iopamidol (marketed e.g. under the trade name Isovue™), iomeprol (marketed e.g. under the trade name lomeron™) and the non-ionic dimer iodixanol (marketed under the trade name and Visipaque™). Additional examples of small organic iodine containing compounds includes the ones disclosed in WO2009/071605 , EP1 186305, EP686046, EP108638,
EP0049745, EP0023992, WO2003080554, W02000026179,
WO1997000240, WO9208691 , US3804892, US4239747, US3763226, US3763227 and US3678152, but not limited to those. In another interesting embodiment, the said small organic iodine containing compounds includes iodinated derivates of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB). In contrast to what is disclosed in for example EP1006935, where a composition for controlled release of a substance is disclosed which composition comprises SAIB, this specific embodiment according to the present invention aims at providing a stable contrast agent embedded in SAIB-gel. Such compounds may be used alone or in combination with solid particles to achieve an injectable gel visible by at least CT imaging. In one specific embodiment of the invention the hydration sensitive gel forming component is sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) a hydrophobic component composed of sucrose (the scaffold), which
has been acylated with isobutyrate and acetate. Preferred scaffolds of this invention are monosaccharides, disaccharides or trisaccharides. A particularly preferred dissacharide scaffold are sucrose and lactose, however, the alcohol containing scaffold may be derived from a polyhydroxy alcohol having from about 2 to about 20 hydroxy groups and may be formed by esterifying 1 to 20 polyol molecules. Suitable alcohol moieties include those derived by removing one or more hydrogen atoms from: monofunctional C1 -C20 alcohols, difunctional C1 -C20 alcohols, trifunctional alcohols, hydroxy-containing carboxylic acids, hydroxy-containing amino acids, phosphate-containing alcohols, tetrafunctional alcohols, sugar alcohols, monosaccharides, and disaccharides, sugar acids, and polyether polyols. More specifically, alcohol moieties may include one or more of: dodecanol, hexanediol, more
particularly, 1 ,6-hexanediol, glycerol, glycolic acid, lactic acid, hydroxybutyric acid, hydroxyvaleric acid, hydroxycaproic acid, serine, ATP, pentaerythritol, mannitol, sorbitol, glucose, galactose, fructose, maltose, lactose, glucuronic acid, polyglycerol ethers containing from 1 to about 10 glycerol units, polyethylene glycols containing 1 to about 20 ethylene glycol units.
Additionally, any oligosaccharide containing from 3 to about 6
monosaccharides may be used as the scaffold in the present invention. In general, the scaffold esters of the invention can be made by reacting one or more alcohols, in particular one or more polyols, which will form the alcohol moiety of the resulting esters with one or more carboxylic acids, lactones, lactams, carbonates, or anhydrides of the carboxylic acids which will form the acid moieties of the resulting esters. The esterification reaction can be conducted simply by heating, although in some instances addition of a strong acid or strong base esterification catalyst may be used. Alternatively, an esterification catalyst such as stannous 2-ethylhexanoate or activation reagents such as N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC), Ν,Ν'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1 -yl)-N,N,N',N'- tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU) and the like can be used.
The acyl groups forming the acyloxy substituents of the invention may be any moiety derived from a carboxylic acid. More particularly, the acyl
groups of the compositions of the invention may be of the RCO-, where R is optionally oxy-substituted alkyl of 2-10 carbon atoms which may be linear or branched hydrocarbons with one or more functional groups present in the chain. Using carboxylic acids and/or polyols of different chain length and using carboxylic acids having oxy-substitution allows control of the degree of hydrophilicity and of the solubility of the resulting ester. Such materials are sufficiently resistant to dissolution in vivo that they are able to form stabile hydrophobic gels which may encapsulate the said contrast agents of the present invention.
In one embodiment the composition for use is an X-ray contrast agent comprises one or more iodinated polymers, iodinated oligomers, iodinated lipids, iodinated saccharides, iodinated disaccharides, iodinated
polysaccharides, iodinated peptides, or a derivative or a combination thereof. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises iodinated derivates of carbohydrate or iodinated derivative of poly-alcohols, such as iodinated derivatives of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB), such as iodinated derivatives of lactose, such as iodinated derivatives of trehalose, such as iodinated derivatives of arabinose, such as iodinated derivatives of maltose, such as iodinated derivatives of glucose, such as iodinated derivatives of galactose, iodinated derivatives of
glucosamine, such as iodinated glucosamine, and the like. In yet another embodiment the composition comprises an iodinated derivate of a
carbohydrate doped into a composition of the same class of non-idoninated carbohydrate derivatives.
Further, in one embodiment, the X-ray contrast composition comprises sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) or a derivative thereof and in one specific embodiment of the present invention, the X-ray contrast composition comprises an iodinated derivate of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB).
Furthermore in another specific embodiment of the present invention the X- ray contrast composition comprises an iodinated derivate of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) doped into sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB). This has been evaluated for stability and the amount of this iodo-SAIB/SAIB that can
be doped into SAIB, is at least 50 mol%.
The iodo-SAIB provides high X-ray contrast. The iodo-SAIB compound is poorly soluble in ethanol and is a white solid whereas SAIB is highly soluble in ethanol and is a thick oil. However, a mixture of ethanol and SAIB can solubilize the iodo-SAIB very nicely. This means that the SAIB helps solubility of iodo-SAIB, which is an interesting feature and which provides an injectable solution which gelates after administration (through a thin needle, thinner than 20 gauge) that can function as a high contrast X-ray marker. When injected into mice, the iodo-SAIB/SAIB provides high contrast and has the desirable stability properties. Furthermore, the gel seems homogeneous. In one embodiment of the present invention the X-ray contrast composition comprises an iodinated derivate of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) solubilised in a mixture of ethanol and sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB). Features of injectable medical gel-forming system
(1 ) In order to be injectable, the system should be in a sol state such as a liquid like state before administration. The sol state should be of sufficiently low viscosity - typically lower than 10,000 cP, preferably lower than 2,000 cP, at 20 °C (or alternatively lower than lower than 10,000 cP, preferably 2,000 cP, at 5 °C) - to allow for small needle head to alleviate the patient discomfort and simplify insertion procedure.
(2) Gelation via physical association or hydration starts to happen or is complete after injection.
(3) The gels should be biodegradable or gradually dissolvable within a controlled time period, and the products should be cleared/secreted through normal pathways.
(4) The polymer itself and the degradable products should be biocompatible. Likewise, if additives are added, such as cross-linking agents, initiators etc. these should also be biocompatible.
(5) The gel could potentially have cell/tissue-adhesive properties. It should be understood, that the gel-forming system should preferably be biocompatible, i.e. does not stimulate a severe, long-lived or escalating biological response to the formulation when injected into a mammal, in
particular a human. To facilitate metabolism of the gel scaffold, degradable linkages can be included through the use of polylactide, polyglycolide, poly(lactide-co-glycolide), polyphosphazine, polyphosphate, polycarbonate, polyamino acid, polyanhydride, and polyorthoester - based building blocks, among others. Additionally, small molecule crosslinking agents containing similar hydrolyzable moieties as the polymers such as carbonates, esters, urethanes, orthoesters, amides, imides, imidoxy, hydrazides, thiocarbazides, and phosphates may be used as building blocks. Additionally, polyglycolide diacrylate, polyorthoester diacrylate and acrylate-substituted
polyphosphazine, acrylate-substituted polyamino acid, or acrylate-substituted polyphosphate polymers can be used as degradable building blocks.
Methacrylate or acrylamide moieties can be employed instead of acrylate moieties in the above examples. Similarly, small molecules containing a hydrolyzable segment and two or more acrylates, methacrylates, or acrylamides may be used. Such degradable polymers and small molecule building blocks may be functional ized with acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide or similar moieties by methods known in the art.
In order to be injectability, the system should be in a sol state before administration. The sol state should be of sufficiently low viscosity to allow for small needle head to alleviate the patient discomfort and simplify insertion procedure. Gelation via physical association starts to happen or is complete after injection.
In one embodiment, the composition according to the present invention is administered using topical route.
Viscosity of the formulation
The viscosity of the formulation is before the injection preferably lower than 10,000 cP, in particular lower than 2,000 cP, at 20 °C.
Alternatively, the viscosity of the formulation is before the injection typically lower than 2,000 cP at 5 °C.
In one embodiment, the gel-forming system of the formulation is preferably one which, after injection or under conditions mimicking those in a human body, forms a gel having a viscosity at 37 °C in the range of 2,000 to
50,000,000 cP. More particularly, the viscosity of the hydrogel can be about 2,000 cP, about 5,000 cP, about 10,000 cP, about 20,000 cP, about 30,000 cP, about 50,000 cP, about 75,000 cP, about 100,000 cP, about 125,000 cP, about 150,000 cP, about 200,000 cP, about 30,000 cP, about 800,000 cP, about 1 ,000,000 cP, about 2,000,000 cP, about 5,000,000 cP, about
10,000,000 cP, about 20,000,000 cP, about 30,000,000 cP, about 40,000,000 cP, about 50,000,000 cP, or ranges thereof. Preferably, the viscosity of the hydrogel after injection (i.e. when present in the desired location) is above 20,000 cP, e.g. in the range of 20,000 cP to 1 ,000,000 cP. In particular, the formulation after injection is preferably essentially solid.
Preferred properties of the gel-forming system
In one embodiment, the preferred systems include non-water soluble high-viscosity liquid carrier materials such as non-water soluble
carbohydrates and in particular carbohydrates selected from derivatives of disaccharides with at least two pyranose saccharide units, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides or mixtures thereof, or derivatives of lactose, maltose, trehalose, raffinose, glucosamine, galactosamine, lactosamine, or mixtures thereof. Such systems may be mixed with solid particles that carry drug or contrast agent followed by parental injection, thus functioning as a injectable composition, which that can be visualized by one or multiple imaging modalities, including X-ray imaging.
In one embodiment of the invention the composition comprising a non- water soluble carbohydrate, wherein the composition is a liquid before administration into the human or animal body and increases in viscosity by more than 1 ,000 centipoise (cP) after administration. In one embodiment of the invention the composition comprising a non-water soluble carbohydrate, wherein the composition is a liquid before administration into the human or animal body and increases in viscosity by more than 10,000 centipoise (cP) after administration.
In one embodiment, at least 60% of an administrated amount of the non-water soluble carbohydrate remains more than 24 hours within 10 cm from an injection point when administrated to a human or animal body.
In one preferred embodiment, the mixing of different acylated carbohydrates, results in controlled drug release providing tuning of release kinetics for the individual drug. The composition according to the present invention also relates to the release of one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients being controlled by mixing carbohydrates with different
hydrophobicity by alteration of the substitutions on the carbohydrate hydroxyl groups. With the aid of tuning the hydrophobicity, the release rate of the present invention may be changed, this implies therefore increased control of the process. Rendering it suitable for controlled release of for example pharmaceutuicals and other substances. Active pharmaceuticals may be formulated in various forms and the present invention is to be seen as incorporating various forms of formulations of the active ingredient.
Other constituents of the formulation
In one embodiment a polymer may be used to work as a stabilizer between gel and biological surrounding and therefore, the composition may also comprises a molecule that increase gel stability in the human or animal body, such as an amphiphilic molecule, such as an emulsifier. Therefore in one embodiment the composition comprises poly(ethylene glycol-b- caprolactone) (PEG-PCL), sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB), poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA), or poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PGLA), or a combination thereof. In one embodiment of the present invention poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA) is added to the non-water soluble carbohydrate causing a reduction of burst release of said encapsulated contents e.g. drugs, particles, contrast agents, etc. The formulation may further include other constituents, such as α-, β-, and/or γ-cyclodextrins and any derivate hereof. Such constituents may form guest/host complexes with the gel forming system and the nano-sized particles, thus, both aiding in the gel formation and possible alter the particle leakage profile [Adv. Drug Delivery Rev., 2008, 60, 1000-1017]. In one very interesting embodiment the gel forming system is based on PEG-PHB-PEG triblock copolymers, a-cyclodextrin and PEG coated solid nano sized particles. In such a formulation, α-cyclodextrin may form inclusion complexes with both the PEG blocks of the PEG-PHB-PEG triblock copolymers and the
PEG coated solid nano sized particles which, combined with hydrophobic interactions between the PHB middle block, forms a strong hydrogel with enhanced retention of solid nano sized particles due a-cyclodextrin
interactions which thus altering the particle leakage profile.
The formulation may further comprise compounds or polymers, which are visible in imaging modalities other than X-ray imaging.
In one embodiment, the formulation further comprises an iodine- containing polymer, e.g. polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I), or one selected from /) Polym. Chem., 2010, 1 , 1467-1474, //) US 3852341 , Hi) US 4406878, /V) US 5198136, v) Biomedical polymers and polymers therapeutics, Ed. Chiellini E., Sunamoto J., Migliaresi C, Ottenbrite R.M., Cohn D., New York, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002, ISBN 0-30646472-1 , Print, and
references cited therein. Such polymers can be added to the gel forming components prior to gelation and function as contrast agent in vivo. Such polymers may additionally or alternatively be covalently bound to the one or more of the gel forming components or adhered to the particles of the present invention.
In one specific embodiment, the formulation consist of iodinated SAIB as contrast agent with high HU-contrast or a iodinated carbohydrate.
Pharmaceutical agent
The gel-forming formulation may further comprise pharmaceutical agents including prodrugs (in short "drugs"; broadly interpreted as agents which are able to modulate the biological processes of a mammal). These drugs can be formulated as a single drug or as a combination of two or more of the below mentioned drugs in its active form or as a prodrug.
In one embodiment, the active pharmaceutical ingredient is an immunomodulating compound which is a ligand for intracellular proteins and/or receptors; or a ligand for cell surface proteins and/or receptors. In yet another embodiment, the intracellular proteins and/or receptors are selected from the group consisting of NOD-like receptor (NLR) family and the subfamilies NLRA, NLRB, NLRC, NLRP, NODs, NALP, IPAF, HLA
complexes, , RIG-l-like receptors, cytokine receptors, interleukin receptors,
CD proteins, CTLA proteins, PD1 , T Cell receptor, B cell receptor, and theToll-like-receptor (TLR) family; TLR1 , TLR2 TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, TLR10, TLR1 1 , TLR12, TLR13.
Examples of pharmaceutical active agents include small drugs, plasmid DNA (e.g. for gene therapy), mRNA, siRNA, carbohydrates, peptides and proteins. Specific examples of pharmaceutical agents include; a) chemotherapeutic agents such as alkylating agents, antimetabolites, natural product chemotherapeutics, hormones and antagonists, etc.; b) radiation sensitizing agents such as gemcitabine and doranidazole, porphyrins for photodynamic therapy (e.g. visudyne) or 10B clusters or 157Gd for neutron capture therapy; c) peptides or proteins that modulate apoptosis, the cell cycle, or other crucial signaling cascades; d) anti inflammatory drugs, such as methylprednisolone hemisuccinate, β-methasone; e) anti anxiety muscle relaxants such as diclofenac, pridinol; f) local anesthetics such as lidocaine, bupivacaine, dibucaine, tetracaine, procaine; g) analgesics such as opiods, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); h) antimicrobial medications such as pentamidine, azalides; i) antipsychotics such as chlorpromazine, perphenazine; j) the anti-parkinson agents such as budipine, prodipine, benztropine mesylate, trihexyphenidyl, L-DOPA, dopamine; k) Antiprotozoals such as quinacrine, chloroquine, amodiaquine, chloroguanide, primaquine, mefloquine, quinine; I) antihistamines such as diphenhydramine,
promethazine; m) antidepressants such as serotonin, imipramine,
amitriptyline, doxepin, desipramine; n) anti anaphylaxis agents such as epinephrine; o) anticholinergic drugs such as atropine, decyclomine, methixene, propantheline, physostigmine; p) antiarrhythmic agents such as quinidine, propranolol, timolol, pindolol; q) prostanoids such as
prostaglandins, thromboxane, prostacyclin, but not limited to those; r) immunotherapeutic agents such as imidazoquinoline amine,
immunomodulators, guanosine derivatives, pyrimidone derivatives, immunosuppressants, pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines, antibodies, but not limited to those.
Additional examples of antitumor agents and/or radiation sensitizing agents include camptothecin derivatives such as irinotecan hydrochloride, nogitecan hydrochloride, exatecan, RFS-2000, lurtotecan, BNP-1350, Bay- 383441 , PNU-166148, IDEC-132, BN-80915, DB-38, DB-81 , DB-90, DB-91 , CKD-620, T-0128, ST-1480, ST-1481 , DRF-1042 and DE-310, taxane derivatives such as docetaxel hydrate, IND-5109, BMS-184476, BMS- 188797, T-3782, TAX-101 1 , SB-RA-31012, SBT-1514 and DJ-927, ifosfamide, nimustine hydrochloride, carboquone, cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine, thiotepa, busulfan, melphalan, ranimustine, estramustine phosphate sodium, 6-mercaptopurine riboside, enocitabine, gemcitabine hydrochloride, carmofur, cytarabine, cytarabine ocphosphate, tegafur, doxifluridine, hydroxycarbamide, fluorouracil, methotrexate, mercaptopurine, fludarabine phosphate, actinomycin D, aclarubicin hydrochloride, idarubicin hydrochloride, epirubicin hydrochloride, daunorubicin hydrochloride, pirarubicin hydrochloride, bleomycin hydrochloride, zinostatin stimalamer, neocarzinostatin, mytomycin C, bleomycin sulfate, peplomycin sulfate, vinorelbine tartrate, vincristine sulfate, vindesine sulfate, vinblastine sulfate, amrubicin hydrochloride, gefitinib, exemestan, capecitabine, TNP-470, TAK- 165, KW-2401 , KW-2170, KW-2871 , KT-5555, KT-8391 , TZT-1027, S-3304, CS-682, YM-51 1 , YM-598, TAT-59, TAS-101 , TAS-102, TA-106, FK-228, FK- 317, E7070, E7389, KRN-700, KRN-5500, J-107088, HMN-214, SM-1 1355, ZD-0473, magnesium 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulphophenyl)-porphine dodecahydrate, PYROA protein (Emericella nidulans), photosan III, lomefloxacin, cyamemazine, tiaprofenic acid, doxorubicin, mitomycin, paclitaxel, nitrogen mustards, etoposide, camptothecin, 5-fluorouracil, nicotinamide, metronidazole, doxorubicine, Lomeguatrib, Temozolomide, tamoxifen, bleomycin, 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, cisplatin, carboplatin, camptothecin, CPT-1 1 (SN- 38), Etanidazole, Nimorazole, Mitomycin C, Tirapazamine, procaine, lidocaine, chlorpromazine, Fluordeoxyuridine, bromodeoxyuridine,
iododeoxyuridine, hydroxyurea, fludarabine, Texaphyrins (motexafin gadolinium), N-ethylmalemide, paclitaxel, docetaxel, irinotecan,
Mechtorethamine, Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Melphalan, Chlorambucil, Procarbazine (N-methylhydrazine, MIH), Busulfan, Camustine (BCNU), Streptozocin (streptozotocin), Bendamustine, Dacarbazine (DTIC;
dimethyttriazenol midazole carboxamide), Temozolomide, Cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, Methotrexate (Amethopterin), Pemetrexed,
Fluorouracil (5-fluorouracil; 5-FU), capecitabine, Cytarabine (cytosine arabinoside), Gemcitabine, 5-aza-cytidine, Deoxy-5-aza-cytidine,
Mercaptoptirine (6-mercaptopurine; 6-MP), Pentostatin (2'-deoxycoformycin), camptothecin, SN-38 (CPT-1 1 ), Rudarabine, Clofarabine, Nelarabine,
Tirapazamine, Vinblastine, Vinorelbine, Vincristine, Paclitaxel, docetaxel,
Etoposide, Teniposide, Topotecan, Irinotecan, Dactinomycin, (actinomycin D). Daunorubicin (daunomycin, rubidomycin), Doxorubicin, Yondelis,
Mitoxantrone, Bleomycin, Mitomycin C, L-Asparaginase, Mitotane (o.pDDD) Prednisone, Hydroxyprogesterone caproate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol acetate, Dietyhlstilbestrol, ethinyl estradiol, Tamoxifen, toremifene, Anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane, Testosterone propionate,
fluoxymesterone, Flutamide, casodex, Leuprolide. Hydroxyurea, Tretinoin, arsenic trioxide, Histone deacetylase inhibitor (vorinostat), Imatinib, Dasatinib, nilotinib, Gefrtinib, ertoinib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib, Lapatinib, Bortezomib, interferon-alfa, lnterteukin-2, Thalidomide, Lenaiidomide, Temsiroiimus, Everolimus, and the like, but not limited to those.
Examples of immunotherapeutic agents include resiquimod,
imiquimod, thalidomide, lenaiidomide and pomalidomide, sargramostim, IL-2, interferon-alfa, alemtuzumab, bevacizumab, brentuximab vedotin, cetuximab, gemtuzumab, ozogamicin, ibritumomab, tiuxetan, ipilimumab, ofatumumab, panitumumab, rituximab, tositumomab, trastuzumab, loxoribine, bropirimine, pomalidomide, sargramostim and the like, but not limited to those. In one embodiment, the active pharmaceutical ingredient is an immuno stimulating compound selected from the group consisting of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly l:C), Polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid (poly A:U), poly l:C-poly-L-lysine (poly-ICLC), poly-ICR, CL264, A/-palmitoyl-S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2R,S)- propyl]- (R)-cysteine-(S)serine-(S)lysine 4 (Pam3Cys), Monophosphoryl lipid A
(MPLA) and other lipopolysacchahdes, alpha-galactosylceramide,
Propi mine, Imiquimod (R837), resiquimod (R848), TMX-101 , TMX- 201 , TMX-202, Gardiquimod, R850 (3M Pharma), R851 (3M Pharma), 852A (3M Pharma), S-27610, 3M-002 (CL075), 3M-003, 3M-005, 3M-006, 3M-007, 3M- 012, 3M-13, 3M-031 ,3M-854 (3M Pharma), CL097, CL264, IC-31 , Loxohbine and other imidazoquinolines, ssPolyU, sotirimod (3M Pharma), Isatoribine (Anadys), ANA975 (Anadys/Novartis), SM360320 (Sumitomo), R1354 (Coley Pharmaceuticals) single stranded or double stranded RNA, ORN 02 (5'- UUAUUAUUAUUAUUAUUAUU-3'), ORN 06 5'- UUGUUGUUGUUGUUGUUGUU-3', CpG-ODN DSLIM (Mologen), AVE 0675 (Coley Pharmaceuticals), CpG B oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) 1018 (Dynavax Technologies ), AZD 1419 (Dynavax), ODN 1982, CpG B ODN 2006 (Coley Pharmaceuticals), IMO 2125 (Idera Pharma), CpG A ODN 2216, CpG A ODN 2336, CpG 2395, CpG ODN 7909 (Coley Pharmaceuticals), CpG 10101 (Coley Pharmaceuticals), CpG ODN AVE0675 (Coley
Pharmaceuticals), CpG ODN HYB2093 (Idera Pharmaceuticals/Novartis), CpG ODN HYB2055 (Idera Pharmaceuticals), CpG-ODN IMO-2125 (Idera Pharmaceuticals), CpG C ODN M362, Tolamba (Amb a1 ragweed allergen with covalently linked CpG B class ODN 1018)(Dynavax Technologies), Heplisav (Dynavax Technologies), 10181 SS (Dynavax Technologies),
IM02055 (Idera Pharmaceuticals), IRS954 (Dynavax Technologies), (flagellin, muramyl dipeptide, saponins such as QS21 , Leishmania elongation factor, SB-AS4, threonyl-muramyl dipeptide, L18-MDP, mifamurtid, and OM-174. In yet another embodiment, the active pharmaceutical ingredient is an immuno suppressive compound comprising a steroid selected from the group consisting of 21 -Acetoxyprefnenolone, Aalclometasone, Algestone,
Amicinonide, Beclomethasone, Betamethasone, Betamethasone
dipropionate, Betamethasone hemisuccinate, Budesonide, Chloroprednisone, Clobetasol, Blovetasone, Clocortolone, Cloprednol, Corticosterone,
Cortisone, Cortivazol, Deflazacort, Desonide, Desoximethasone,
dexamethason, Dexamethasone palmitate, Dexamethasone phosphate, Diflorasone, Diflucortolone, Difluprednate, Enoxolone, Fluazacort,
Flucloronide, Flumethasone, Flunisolide, Fluocinolone Acetonide,
Fludrocortisone, Fluocinonide, Fluocortin Butyl, Fluocortolone,
Fluorometholone, Fluperolone, Fluprednidine, Fluprednisolone,
Flurandrenolide, Formocortal, Halcinonide, Glucocorticoids, Halomethasone, Halopredone, Hydrocortamate, Hydrocortisone, Limethasone, Mazipredone, Medrysone, Meprednisone, Methyolprednisolone, Methyolprednisolone hemisuccinate, Mometasone Furoate, Paramethasone, Prednicarbate, Prednisolone, Prednisolone palmitate, Prednisolone phosphate, Prednisone, Prednival, Prednylidene, Tixocortal, and Triamcinolone. In yet another embodiment, the active pharmaceutical ingredient is an immuno suppressive compound comprising a small molecule inhibitor acting on intracellular targets selected from the group consisting of c-Fms, PDGFRD , Abl, PDGFRD , NFkB, IkB, JAK1 , JAK2, JAK3, GSK3, p38 MAPK, JNK, KIT, EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB4, VEGFR1 , VEGFR2, VEGFR3, FLT3, PKCD , RAF1 , CDK1 , CDK2, CDK4, NLRP3, IRF3, STAT1 , STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5, STAT6,
Hsp90, Hsp70, PI3K, mTOR, AKT, DNA-PK, ATM, AMPK, PDK-1 , S6 kinase, RIP2, TRIF, MYD88, TAK1 . In yet another embodiment, the active
pharmaceutical ingredient is an immuno suppressive compound comprising a small molecule inhibitor acting on intracellular targets selected from the group consisting of indomethacin, CLI-095 (C15H17CIFNO4S, CAS#243984-1 1 -4), Bay1 1 -7082 (C10H9NO2S, CAS#19542-67-7), Triptolide (PG 490),
CGP53716, SU9518, PD166326, Celastrol, Tripterin, BIRB-796
(Doramapimod), SB 203580, SB202190, VX-702, NVP-BEZ235, GDC-0980 (RG7422), Ridaforolimus (Deforolimus, AP23573), Nilotinib
(Tasigna,AMN107), Sorafenib tosylate (Nexavar), Dasatinib (Sprycel, BMS- 354825), MLN518 (CT53518), Vatalanib (PTK787 / ZK222584), OSI-930, AZD2171 , Pazopanib (Votrient), IPI-504 (retaspimycin), Deforolimus
(Ridaforolimus), GDC-0980 (RG7422, C23H30N8O3S, CAS#1032754-93-0), Palomid 529 (C24H22O6 CAS#914913-88-5), Imatinib mesylate
(Gleevec/Glivec), Everolimus (Afinitor, RAD001 ), Sirolimus (Rapamune, rapamycin), Temsirolimus (Torisel, CCI-779), Bortezomib (Velcade), Gefitinib (Iressa), Canertinib (CI-1033, CAS# 267243-28-7, C^F sCIFNsOs), Erlotinib
hydrochloride (Tarceva), Pelitinib (EKB-569) (C2 H23CIFN5O2, CAS#257933- 82-7), Vandetanib (Zactima, ZD6474, C22H2 BrFN4O2, CAS No.: 443913-73- 3), Sunitinib (Sutent, SU-1 1248, C22H27FN4O2.C4H6O5, CAS No.: 341031 -54- 7), Tandutinib (MLN518), C3iH42N6O4, CAS No.: 387867-13-2, Roscovitine (Seliciclib), Ci9H26N6O, CAS No.: 186692-46-6. In yet another embodiment, the active pharmaceutical ingredient is an anti-infectious compound selected from the group consisting of Rifampicin, dideoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate, Clarithromycin, acyclovir, ciprofloxacin, fusidin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, levofloxacin, oxytetracyclin, tobramycin, natriumcromoglicat, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin., Pivampicillin, Ertapenem, Meropenem, Doripenem, Cefotaxim, Ceftazidim, Ciprofloxacin, Valaciclovir, efavirenz, emtricitabin,
tenofovirdisoproxil, Rilpivirine, penicillin, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, rifampicin, etambutol, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, voriconazole, amphotericin B, caspofungin, flucytosine, itraconazole, doxycyclin, sulfonamides, and sulfamethoxazole.
The drugs are included in the composition in an amount sufficient to achieve a desired effect. The amount of drug or biologically active agent incorporated into the composition depends upon the desired release profile, the concentration of drug required for a biological effect, and the desired period of release of the drug. The biologically active substance is typically present in the composition in the range from about 0.5 percent to about 20 percent by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, and more typically, between approximately 1 percent to about 15 percent by weight. Another preferred range is from about 2 percent to about 10 percent by weight. For very active agents, such as growth factors, preferred ranges are less than 1 % by weight, and less than 0.0001 %.
Use of the formulation as a tissue sealant
The present invention also provides the formulation as defined hereinabove for use as a tissue sealant, e.g. for needle canals formed by biopsy in conjunction with an imaging procedure according to the invention.
The tissue sealant may include an effective amount of a hemostatic agent, e.g. an agent selected from coagulation factors, coagulation initiators,
platelet activators, vasoconstrictors and fibrinolysis inhibitors, e.g.
epinephrine, adrenochrome, collagens, thrombin, fibrin, fibrinogen, oxidized cellulose and chitosan.
Specific embodiments of the invention as an x-ray contrast composition
The present invention is in one embodiment an X-ray contrast composition for local administration, wherein the X-ray contrast composition exhibits contrast properties and wherein at least 60% of an administrated amount of said X-ray contrast composition remains more than 24 hours within 10 cm from an injection point when the X-ray contrast composition is administrated to a human or animal body. There are of course various forms of injection patterns possible and ways of injecting, such as, but not limited to, transcutane injection, using a scope (bronchoscope, gastroscope, or any other flexible wired systems used to navigate inside a body), attached to another such system, intracranial injection, inside air and fluent filled organs or cavities (e.g. bladder, stomach).
Further, there are various forms of dosing such as, but not limited to, fast injections ('bolus'), pulling back to needle while injecting, slowly injection on the site, pushing the needle forward, and pump giving a constant pressure for a defined period. Furthermore, there are various devices that may be used such as, but not limited to, needle with 1 or more holes on the side of the needle forming multiple smaller objects, flexible, multiple chamber systems.
In one embodiment, the present invention has gelating properties and is a liquid before administration and has the ability to transform into a gel after administration. In one specific embodiment, the present invention has gelating properties and is a homogeneous liquid before administration and has the ability to transform into a gel after administration. Furthermore, in one embodiment the present invention is a non-colloidal x-ray contrast agent as part of a homogeneous liquid x-ray contrast composition that gels upon injection into a human or animal subject. In yet another specific embodiment the X-ray contrast composition is a liquid before administration into a human or animal body that increases in viscosity by more than 10,000 centipoise (cP) after administration into a human or animal body. In another specific
embodiment the present invention has a viscosity of less than 10,000 centipoise (cP) at 20°C.
Furthermore, from one perspective, the present invention, the X-ray contrast composition comprises an X-ray contrast agent that is part of the X- ray contrast composition and said X-ray contrast agent is an organic substance.
It is the organic substance that is being the contrast "agent" and in one specific embodiment the X-ray contrast composition comprises alginate and chitosan. In another specific embodiment the X-ray contrast agent comprises one or more natural polymers, synthetic polymers, oligomers, lipids, saccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, peptides or any combination thereof and as mentioned before these may be the contrast "agent". In yet another specific embodiment of the present invention the X-ray contrast agent comprises one or more iodinated polymers, oligomers, lipids, saccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, peptides, or a derivative or a combination thereof. Further, in one embodiment the X-ray contrast agent is an inorganic acid or salt, such as chloroauric acid.
The present invention may in one embodiment comprise particles for various purposes. One purpose may be an additive contrast effect; another purpose may be to potentiating the effect and a third purpose may be as a carrier of e.g. medication or other substances. According to one specific embodiment of the present invention, the X-ray contrast composition comprises nanopartides comprising gold (Au). In yet another embodiment the X-ray contrast composition also comprises particles in the size range from 1 - 1000 nm, such as nanopartides in the size range from 2 to 500 nm and in one specific embodiment the nanopartides comprises gold (Au) which furthermore is the most likely substance. In yet another embodiment, the X- ray contrast composition comprising nanoparticle that may be an MRI, PET, ultrasound, fluorescence, radiofrequency, visible light contrast agent.
Furthermore, in one specific embodiment the nanoparticle is an MRI or PET contrast agent or a combination of the above mentioned imaging modalities.
As mentioned previously the present invention may have gelating
properties and the gelling may be initiated by various factors such as, but not limited to, temperature, hydration, enzymatic activation, ion concentration and/or pH. In one embodiment the X-ray contrast composition exhibits gel- formation in response to a temperature in the range of 35 to 40°C. In another embodiment the X-ray contrast composition exhibits gel-formation in response to hydration. In yet another embodiment the X-ray contrast composition exhibits gel-formation in response to an ion-concentration in the range of 1 μΜ to 500 mM, such as in the range of 1 mM to 200 mM. In one embodiment the ions are divalent ions, such as calcium ions. In one embodiment the X-ray contrast composition exhibits gel-formation in response to a pH in the range of 6 to 8. In yet another embodiment, the X-ray contrast composition exhibits gel-formation in response to contacting with an initiator and here an initiator can be many different things such as, but not limited to, ions, or a chemical reactive compound that cross link other molecules.
In one embodiment, the X-ray contrast composition according to the present invention may comprise radioactive compounds, paramagnetic compounds, fluorescent compounds or ferromagnetic compounds, or any mixture thereof.
As mentioned previously, the X-ray contrast composition may also act as a carrier of substances such as, but not limited to, pharmaceutical substances. The substance may be in the composition or in or coated/linked to the nanoparticles. The substance may also be other types of additives. Examples of substance could be, but is not limited to, substances suitable for chemotherapy, gemcitabine, cisplatin, doxorubicin, doranidazole, hormones or anti-bodies. In one embodiment the X-ray composition comprise at least one pharmaceutical substance. In one specific embodiment the X-ray contrast composition comprises particles in the size range from 1 - 1000 nm, such as nanoparticles in the size range from 2 to 500 nm and wherein the particle contains at least one pharmaceutical substance.
In one embodiment a polymer may be used to work as a stabilizer between gel and biological surrounding and therefore, the X-ray contrast
composition may also comprises a molecule that increase gel stability in the human or animal body, such as an amphiphilic molecule, such as an emulsifier. Therefore in one embodiment the X-ray contrast composition comprises poly(ethylene glycol-b-caprolactone) (PEG-PCL), sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB), poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA), or poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PGLA), or a combination thereof. In one embodiment of the present invention poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA) is added to sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) gel causing a reduction of burst release of said encapsulated contents e.g.
particles drugs etc. Further, in one embodiment, the X-ray contrast
composition comprises sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) or a derivative thereof and in one specific embodiment of the present invention, the X-ray contrast composition comprises an iodinated derivate of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB). Furthermore in another specific embodiment of the present invention the X-ray contrast composition comprises an iodinated derivate of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) doped into sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB). This has been evaluated for stability and the amount of this iodo-SAIB/SAIB that can be doped into SAIB, is at least 50 mol%.
The iodo-SAIB provides high X-ray contrast. The iodo-SAIB compound is poorly soluble in ethanol and is a white solid whereas SAIB is highly soluble in ethanol and is a thick oil. However, a mixture of ethanol and SAIB can solubilize the iodo-SAIB very nicely. This means that the SAIB helps solubility of iodo-SAIB, which is an interesting feature and which provides an injectable solution which gelates after administration (through a thin needle, thinner than 20 gauge) that can function as a high contrast X-ray marker. When injected into mice, the iodo-SAIB/SAIB provides high contrast and has the desirable stability properties. Furthermore, the gel seems homogeneous. In one embodiment of the present invention the X-ray contrast composition comprises an iodinated derivate of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) solubilised in a mixture of ethanol and sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB).
One way of containing and also storing the composition may be, held in the interior of a syringe. This indicates a possible shelf-life of at least 6 months. One embodiment of the present invention is a kit comprising a
syringe, a hypodermal needle adapted to the open end of said syringe, and a composition according to any one of the preceding claims.
The intended use of the present invention is for radio therapy or image- guided radio therapy, but not exclusively, other uses are thinkable such as, but not limited to, 2D X-ray scans, for use in imaging, diagnostics, treatment and/or quality rating of radio therapy. The present invention may be used as a tissue marker and/or for use as a controlled drug release composition.
In one embodiment the X-ray contrast composition according to the present invention is for use in administration of an amount of 0.01 - 5.0 ml_ and in one specific embodiment the X-ray contrast composition is for use in administration wherein the amount is 0.1 - 1 .0 ml_. In one embodiment the present invention may be used as a tissue sealant.
Methods for treatment of cancer
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to treatment of cancerous diseases associated with malignant neoplasia such as malignant neoplasm of lip, mouth or throat, such as malignant neoplasm of the tongue, the base of tongue, gum, floor of mouth, palate, parotid gland, major salivary glands, tonsil, oropharynx, nasopharynx, piriform sinus, hypopharynx or other parts of lip, mouth or throat or malignant neoplasms of digestive organs such as malignant neoplasms of oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectosigmoid junction, rectum, anus and anal canal, liver and intrahepatic bile ducts, gallbladder, other parts of biliary tract, pancreas and spleen, malignant neoplasms of respiratory and intrathoracic organs such as malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity and middle ear, accessory sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchus and lung, thymus, heart, mediastinum and pleura, malignant neoplasms of bone and articular cartilage such as malignant neoplasm of bone and articular cartilage of limbs, bone and articular cartilage, malignant melanoma of skin, sebaceous glands and sweat glands, malignant neoplasms of mesothelial and soft tissue such as malignant neoplasm of mesothelioma, Kaposi's sarcoma, malignant neoplasm of peripheral nerves and autonomic nervous system, malignant neoplasm of retroperitoneum and peritoneum, malignant neoplasm of connective and soft tissue such as blood
vessels, bursa, cartilage, fascia, fat, ligament, lymphatic vessel, muscle, synovia, tendon, head, face and neck, abdomen, pelvis or overlapping lesions of connective and soft tissue, malignant neoplasm of breast or female genital organs such as malignant neoplasms of vulva, vagina, cervix uteri, corpus uteri, uterus, ovary, Fallopian tube, placenta or malignant neoplasms of male genital organs such as malignant neoplasms of penis, prostate, testis, malignant neoplasms of the urinary tract, such as malignant neoplasms of kidney, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra or other urinary organs, malignant neoplasms of eye, brain and other parts of central nervous system such as malignant neoplasm of eye and adnexa, meninges, brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves and other parts of central nervous system, malignant neoplasms of thyroid and other endocrine glands such as malignant neoplasm of the thyroid gland, adrenal gland, parathyroid gland, pituitary gland, craniopharyngeal duct, pineal gland, carotid body, aortic body and other paraganglia, malignant neoplasms of head, face and neck, thorax, abdomen and pelvis, secondary malignant neoplasm of lymph nodes, respiratory and digestive organs, kidney and renal pelvis, bladder and other and urinary organs, secondary malignant neoplasms of skin, brain, cerebral meninges, or other parts of nervous system, bone and bone marrow, ovary, adrenal gland, malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, haematopoietic and related tissue such as Hodgkin's disease, follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, peripheral and cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, non- Hodgkin's lymphoma, lymphosarcoma, malignant immunoproliferative diseases such as Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia, alpha heavy chain disease, gamma heavy chain disease, immunoproliferative small intestinal disease, multiple myeloma and malignant plasma cell neoplasms such as plasma cell leukaemia, plasmacytoma, solitary myeloma, lymphoid leukaemia such as acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, myeloid leukaemia, monocytic leukaemia, blast cell leukaemia, stem cell leukaemia, and other and unspecified malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, haematopoietic and related tissue such as Letterer-Siwe disease, malignant histiocytosis, malignant mast cell tumour, true histiocytic lymphoma or other types of malignant neoplasia.
According to the present invention, treatment of carcinoma in situ of oral cavity, oesophagus, stomach, digestive organs, middle ear and
respiratory system, melanoma in situ, carcinoma in situ of skin, carcinoma in situ of breast, carcinoma in situ of female or male genitals, carcinoma in situ of bladder, urinary organs or eye, thyroid and other endocrine glands, or other types of carcinoma in situ.
Specific embodiments of the invention for use in HIFU/proton therapy:
Advances in modern radiation techniques have enabled increasingly conformal radiotherapy from three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy to intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and proton therapy. These techniques minimizes dose to organs at risk and may enable dose escalation.
Dose escalation prerequisites accurate and reproducible patient positioning and target alignment as poor targeting accuracy may compromise local tumor control and increase the risk of radiation induced toxicity.
In image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) with 2D- (kV- radiographs) or
3D x-ray (cone beam computed tomography (CT)) images are recorded before and sometimes during treatment. Alignments to bony anatomy or soft tissue are used depending on the anatomical characteristics of the target. In some clinical cases the target position does not correlate well with neither bony nor soft tissue anatomy, e.g. prostate cancer and lung tumors adjacent to the mediastinum. In these cases target localization can be enhanced by alignment to radiopaque fiducial markers implanted in or near the target.
Fiducial markers are routinely being used in connection with photon radiotherapy. However, use of fiducial markers in proton radiotherapy has been approached with care as their presence can cause extreme perturbations in the therapeutic proton dose, which translates into significant colds spots downstream from the fiducial marker.
Perturbations in the proton beam for a variety of solid fiducial markers of different material have been investigated showing dose perturbations up to 80% of the prescribed dose (4-10) ENREF 2 ENREF 2. Generally, small markers composed of low Z-materials yields the lowest dose perturbation.
However, clinical relevant dose perturbation has been reported for solid
markers less than one millimeter in size. Consequently, both the actual marker size and position must be correctly accounted for in the proton treatment planning system, especially if the marker is located inside the treatment field.
The ideal fiducial marker for proton therapy is visible in CT- or kV imaging, causes no dose perturbation in a proton beam and do not induce image artifacts on the CT-images used for treatment planning. Liquid markers have properties that are promising in this regard. A liquid marker is a radiopaque fluid that is injected into the tissue. In one embodiment the present invention is a composition wherein the composition is a fiducial marker for proton therapy. In another embodiment the present invention is a composition further comprising a contrast agent that makes the composition visible by CT or kV imaging.
High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU, or sometimes MRgFUS for magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound) is a medical procedure that applies high intensity focused ultrasound energy to locally heat and destroy diseased or damaged tissue through ablation.
HIFU is a hyperthermia therapy, a class of clinical therapies that use temperature to treat diseases. HIFU is also one modality of therapeutic ultrasound, involving minimally invasive or non-invasive methods to direct acoustic energy into the body. In addition to HIFU, other modalities include ultrasound-assisted drug delivery, ultrasound hemostasis, ultrasound lithotripsy, and ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis.
Clinical HIFU procedures are typically performed in conjunction with an imaging procedure to enable treatment planning and targeting before applying a therapeutic or ablative levels of ultrasound energy. When Magnetic
Resonance Imaging (MRI) is used for guidance, the technique is sometimes called Magnetic Resonance guided Focused Ultrasound, often shortened to MRgFUS or MRgHIFU.
In one embodiment the present invention is a composition wherein the composition comprises contrast agents that makes the composition visible by High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU).
Specific embodiments of the invention for use in PET imaging:
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a modern and powerful technology to study non-invasively biological processes at the molecular level. This highly sophisticated imaging method relies on coincidence registration of annihilation photons having a characteristic energy of 51 1 keV. There is a wide range of positron-emitting halogens available; 18F, 75Br, 76Br, and 124l which have been reported to be useful for applications in oncology - with 18F as the most prominent among them. Generally, the decay of 75Br, 76Br, and 124l results in positrons of higher energy compared with 18F. This means a loss in spatial resolution since the positrons take a longer distance in tissue until annihilation. These alternative radiohalogens also emit γ-rays of high energy resulting from electron capture (75Br, 76Br, 124l) and internal transitions (124l). Table 1 compares some selected physical properties of these radioisotopes.
Table 1 . Physical properties of isotopes used in PET-imaging.
Effective dose
Radio Ratio of Y energy per
t½ E (β+ max) constant nuclide β+ (%) decay (MeV)
(μβν/ΜΒς h)
10 in 97 0.635 - 5.37
75Br 7 min 91 1 .74 0.473 7.85
76Br 16.2h 54 3.98, 3.44, 2.226 12.5
124|
15 days 23 13, 1 .53, 0.808 0.852 4.91
18F can be produced using three different nuclear reactions, shown in Table 2. However, in practice only the 20Ne(d, a) and 18O(p,n) processes are relevant. Because of its high target yield the 18O(p,n) route has become the favored reaction. No-carrier-added (n.c.a.) 18F is obtained from proton irradiation of 18O-enriched medium.
Table 2. Production routes for 18F
Nuclear Energy range Theoretical thick
reaction (MeV) target yield (ΜΒς/μΑΙι)
UNe(d, a)10F 14→0 ΪΤΪ0
18O(p,n)18F 16→3 2960
6 O(JHe,p)18F 41→14 481
PET-imaging in connection with proton therapy:
Positron emission tomography (PET) is potentially a very useful tool for monitoring the distribution of the dose deposited in the patient from proton therapy. This method is based on the detection of the positron-annihilation γ- rays following the decay of the small amounts of positron emitters (typically 11C (t½ = 20.39min), 13N (t½ = 9.96min) and 15O (t½ = 2.04min)) produced via non-elastic nuclear reaction of protons with the target nuclei of the irradiated tissue. Verification of the therapy can be achieved by comparing the PET images discerning the positron activity distribution with the predicted target dose distribution used to plan the treatment. The expected number of nuclear reactions is governed by three factors: nuclear reaction cross sections, the number of incoming particles limited by target dose, and the number of target particles.
Using isotopes produced during normal proton irradiation of soft tissue in problematic due to the short half-life of the 11C, 13N and 15O (Figure 1 ), which often requires in-beam PET scanner and complex data analysis following data accusation. Furthermore, using natural isotopes is challenged by biological wash-out from proton irradiation to PET-imaging increasing the uncertainty of the measurements.
Accurate estimation of the Bragg-peak-distal-edge (BPDE) location is crucial in proton therapy dose delivery in order to verify that undershooting and overshooting is not introduced due to change in patient anatomy, motion etc.. Current range verification techniques includes PET imaging which takes advantage of the β+ emitters produced following proton interaction within the patient body. However, such interactions produce negligible PET signal at the BPDE due largely to the decrease in proton energy with depth, which reduces the efficiency of β+ emitter production.
Inclusion of 18O in the present invention BioXmark™ as [18O]6-sucrose octaacetate facilitates the 18O(p,n)18F nuclear reaction in vivo resulting in formation of 18F which can be detected using PET-imaging. The 18O(p,n)18F
reaction benefits from having a low interaction energy threshold which enables monitoring of small proton doses. Furthermore, the formed 18F has a sufficient half-life for patient monitoring.
A marker, which does not introduce dose perturbation in proton beams, is clearly visible for patient alignment/motion management and at the same time can provide dosimetric output regarding the BPDE would be highly beneficial for the proton community.
In one embodiment the present invention is a composition wherein the composition comprises contrast agents that makes the composition visible by PET. In another embodiment the present invention is a composition further comprising 18O.
A kit comprising the formulation
The present invention further comprises a kit comprising a syringe, a hypodermal needle adapted to the open end of said syringe, and a
formulation as defined hereinabove. In one embodiment, the formulation is held in the interior or said syringe.
The gel forming system may be provided as a lyophilized powder, a suspension or a solution. Different components may be provided in one or more individual vials or pre-mixed in the interior or said syringe. Exemplary different components include, but are not limited to, the gel-forming system and the solid particles, and the formulation and one or more initiators.
The syringe may consist of a single, a multiple barrel syringe (e.g.
MEDMIX SYSTEMS AG) or a double champer syringe (e.g. Debiotech S.A.) and the like, but not limited to those. Multiple barrel syringes and double champer syringes and the like may be useful for e.g. two components formulations were one component is a mixture of the gel forming system, the active pharmaceutical ingredient and potentially a contrast agent(s) and the other component is an initiator or salt suspension. In another embodiment a double chamber syringe may be useful where one chamber contains gel- forming component and the contrast agent(s) and the other chamber the active pharmaceutical ingredient(s).
The needle of the syringe can, in some embodiments, be one suitable
for fine-needle biopsies. Non-limiting examples of syringes and needles for such embodiments are described in U.S. Patent No. 7,871 ,383, U.S. patent publication No. 20040162505, and references cited therein. Such syringes and needles can advantageously be used in procedures where a biopsy of a tissue is to be taken in conjunction with imaging of the same, using a formulation of the invention. Preferably, the kit has a shelf-life of at least 6 months, such as at least 12 months when stored at, e.g., room temperature (typically 18 to 25 °C) or lower temperatures, such as, e.g., 2 to 10 °C, such as about 5 °C. The shelf-life can, for example, be determined as the period wherein the kit can be stored at 25 °C, at 80 % RH and 1 atm. pressure, and where the viscosity is kept within ± 5 % of the initial viscosity.
Structures
In a particular embodiment, the invention includes compositions wherein the gel has a structure selected from the group consisting of:
Monosaccaharides:
wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4 and R5 are selected collectively from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy- substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl; or wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl, carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives;
wherein all groups of Ri , R2, R3, R4 and R5 are selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl; or wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently selected from the group consisting acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl;
and wherein both pure anomers and mixtures of a- and β- anomers of the above mentioned structural variations are claimed.
isaccharides:
wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are selected collectively from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl-substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl; or wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl-substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl;
wherein all groups of Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl; or wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are independently selected from the group consisting acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl;
and wherein both pure anomers and mixtures of a- and β- anomers of the above mentioned structural variations are claimed.
wherein Ri, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are selected collectively from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl-substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl; or wherein Ri, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl-substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl;
wherein all groups of Ri, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl; or wherein Ri, R2, R3, R , R5, R6, R7, and Rs are independently selected from the
group consisting acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl;
and wherein both pure anomers and mixtures of a- and β- anomers of the above mentioned structural variations are claimed.
Trehalose derivatives:
wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are selected collectively from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl; or wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl;
wherein all groups of Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl; or wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are independently selected from the group consisting acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl;
and wherein both pure anomers and mixtures of a- and β- anomers of the above mentioned structural variations are claimed.
wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are selected collectively from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl; or wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl;
wherein all groups of Ri, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl; or wherein Ri, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are independently selected from the group consisting acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl;
and wherein both pure anomers and mixtures of a- and β- anomers of the above mentioned structural variations are claimed.
Trisaccharides:
collectively from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl- substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl,
hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl; or wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10 and Rn are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl;
wherein all groups of Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10 and Rn are selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl; or wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10 and Rn are independently selected from the group consisting acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl;
and wherein both pure anomers and mixtures of a- and β- anomers of the above mentioned structural variations are claimed.
wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Re, R9 and Rio are selected collectively from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl; or wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9 and R10 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl; wherein all groups of Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9 and R^ are selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl; or wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9 and R^ are independently selected from the group consisting acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl;
and wherein both pure anomers and mixtures of a- and β- anomers of the above mentioned structural variations are claimed.
wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10, R11 and Ri2 are selected collectively from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl- substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl,
hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl; or wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10, R11 and Ri2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl;
wherein all groups of Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10, R11 and Ri2 are
selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl; or wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10, R11 and R^ are independently selected from the group consisting acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl;
and wherein both pure anomers and mixtures of a- and β- anomers of the above mentioned structural variations are claimed.
Raffinose derivatives:
wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10 and Rn are selected
collectively from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl- substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl,
hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl; or wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10 and Rn are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl;
wherein all groups of Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10 and Rn are selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl; or wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10 and Rn are independently selected from the group consisting acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl;
and wherein both pure anomers and mixtures of a- and β- anomers of the above mentioned structural variations are claimed.
Specific embodiments of the invention
In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient that modulates an immunogenic response in a human or animal body, said composition comprising non-water soluble carbohydrates and wherein the
composition is a liquid before administration into the human or animal body and increases in viscosity by more than 1 ,000 centipoise (cP) after
administration. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein the composition is a liquid before administration into the human or animal body that increases in viscosity by more than 10,000 centipoise (cP) after administration into the human or animal body. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein the composition is a liquid before administration and becomes a gel-like material or solid material, such as an crystalline solid or an amorphous solid, after administration. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein an increase in viscosity after administration into the human or animal body is due to diffusion of a molecule out of the
administered material and into surrounding tissue. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein an increase in viscosity after administration into the human or animal body is due to diffusion of solvent-like molecules. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein at least 50% of the non-water soluble carbohydrates are selected from derivatives of glucose, galactose, mannose, lactose, maltose, trehalose, raffinose, glucosamine, galactosamine, and lactoseamine. In one
embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein said at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient is an immune-modulating compound which is a ligand for intracellular proteins and/or receptors; or a
ligand for cell surface proteins and/or receptors. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein said intracellular proteins and/or receptors are selected from the group consisting of NOD-like receptor (NLR) family and the subfamilies NLRA, NLRB, NLRC, NLRP, NODs, NALP, IPAF, HLA complexes, RIG-l-like receptors, cytokine receptors, interleukin receptors, CD proteins, CTLA proteins, PD1 , T Cell receptor, B cell receptor, and theToll-like-receptor (TLR) family; TLR1 , TLR2 TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, TLR10, TLR1 1 , TLR12, TLR13. In one
embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein the active pharmaceutical ingredient elicit immunogenicity that is a humoral and/or cell-mediated immune response. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein said at least one active
pharmaceutical ingredient is an immuno stimulating compound selected from the group consisting of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly l:C), Polyadenylic- polyuridylic acid (poly A:U), poly l:C-poly-L-lysine (poly-ICLC), poly-ICR, CL264, A/-palmitoyl-S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2R,S)-propyl]- (R)-cysteine- (S)serine-(S)lysine 4 (Pam3Cys), Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and other lipopolysaccharides, alpha-galactosylceramide, Propirimine, Imiquimod (R837), resiquimod (R848), TMX-101 , TMX- 201 , TMX-202, Gardiquimod, R850 (3M Pharma), R851 (3M Pharma), 852A (3M Pharma), S-27610, 3M- 002 (CL075), 3M-003, 3M-005, 3M-006, 3M-007, 3M-012, 3M-13, 3M- 031 ,3M-854 (3M Pharma), CL097, CL264, IC-31 , Loxoribine and other imidazoquinolines, ssPolyU, sotirimod (3M Pharma), Isatoribine (Anadys), ANA975 (Anadys/Novartis), SM360320 (Sumitomo), R1354 (Coley
Pharmaceuticals) single stranded or double stranded RNA, ORN 02 (5'- UUAUUAUUAUUAUUAUUAUU-3'), ORN 06 5'- UUGUUGUUGUUGUUGUUGUU-3', CpG-ODN DSLIM (Mologen), AVE 0675 (Coley Pharmaceuticals), CpG B oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) 1018 (Dynavax Technologies ), AZD 1419 (Dynavax), ODN 1982, CpG B ODN
2006 (Coley Pharnnaceuticals), IMO 2125 (Idera Pharma), CpG A ODN 2216, CpG A ODN 2336, CpG 2395, CpG ODN 7909 (Coley Pharnnaceuticals), CpG 10101 (Coley Pharnnaceuticals), CpG ODN AVE0675 (Coley
Pharnnaceuticals), CpG ODN HYB2093 (Idera Pharmaceuticals/Novartis), CpG ODN HYB2055 (Idera Pharnnaceuticals), CpG-ODN IMO-2125 (Idera Pharnnaceuticals), CpG C ODN M362, Tolamba (Amb a1 ragweed allergen with covalently linked CpG B class ODN 1018)(Dynavax Technologies), Heplisav (Dynavax Technologies), 10181 SS (Dynavax Technologies), IM02055 (Idera Pharnnaceuticals), IRS954 (Dynavax Technologies), (flagellin, muramyl dipeptide, saponins such as QS21 , Leishmania elongation factor, SB-AS4, threonyl-muramyl dipeptide, L18-MDP, mifamurtid, and OM-174. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein said at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient is an immuno suppressive compound comprising a steroid selected from the group consisting of 21 - Acetoxyprefnenolone, Aalclometasone, Algestone, Amicinonide,
Beclomethasone, Betamethasone, Betamethasone dipropionate,
Betamethasone hemisuccinate, Budesonide, Chloroprednisone, Clobetasol, Blovetasone, Clocortolone, Cloprednol, Corticosterone, Cortisone, Cortivazol, Deflazacort, Desonide, Desoximethasone, dexamethason, Dexamethasone palmitate, Dexamethasone phosphate, Diflorasone, Diflucortolone,
Difluprednate, Enoxolone, Fluazacort, Flucloronide, Flumethasone,
Flunisolide, Fluocinolone Acetonide, Fludrocortisone, Fluocinonide, Fluocortin Butyl, Fluocortolone, Fluorometholone, Fluperolone, Fluprednidine,
Fluprednisolone, Flurandrenolide, Formocortal, Halcinonide, Glucocorticoids, Halomethasone, Halopredone, Hydrocortamate, Hydrocortisone,
Limethasone, Mazipredone, Medrysone, Meprednisone,
Methyolprednisolone, Methyolprednisolone hemisuccinate, Mometasone Furoate, Paramethasone, Prednicarbate, Prednisolone, Prednisolone palmitate, Prednisolone phosphate, Prednisone, Prednival, Prednylidene,
Tixocortal, and Triamcinolone. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein said at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient is an immuno suppressive compound comprising a small molecule inhibitor acting on intracellular targets selected from the group consisting of c- Fms, PDGFRD , Abl, PDGFRD , NFkB, IkB, JAK1 , JAK2, JAK3, GSK3, p38 MAPK, JNK, KIT, EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB4, VEGFR1 , VEGFR2, VEGFR3, FLT3, PKCD , RAF1 , CDK1 , CDK2, CDK4, NLRP3, IRF3, STAT1 , STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5, STAT6, Hsp90, Hsp70, PI3K, mTOR, AKT, DNA-PK, ATM, AMPK, PDK-1 , S6 kinase, RIP2, TRIF, MYD88, TAK1 .
In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein said at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient is an immuno suppressive compound comprising a small molecule inhibitor acting on intracellular targets selected from the group consisting of indomethacin, CLI-095
(C15H17CIFNO4S, CAS#243984-1 1 -4), Bay1 1 -7082 (C10H9NO2S,
CAS#19542-67-7), Triptolide (PG 490), CGP53716, SU9518, PD166326, Celastrol, Tripterin, BIRB-796 (Doramapimod), SB 203580, SB202190, VX- 702, NVP-BEZ235, GDC-0980 (RG7422), Ridaforolimus (Deforolimus, AP23573), Nilotinib (Tasigna,AMN107), Sorafenib tosylate (Nexavar),
Dasatinib (Sprycel, BMS-354825), MLN518 (CT53518), Vatalanib (PTK787 / ZK222584), OSI-930, AZD2171 , Pazopanib (Votrient), IPI-504 (retaspimycin), Deforolimus (Ridaforolimus), GDC-0980 (RG7422, C23H30N8O3S,
CAS#1032754-93-0), Palomid 529 (C^H^Oe CAS#914913-88-5), Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec/Glivec), Everolimus (Afinitor, RAD001 ), Sirolimus
(Rapamune, rapamycin), Temsirolimus (Torisel, CCI-779), Bortezomib (Velcade), Gefitinib (Iressa), Canertinib (CI-1033, CAS# 267243-28-7, C24H25CIFN5O3), Erlotinib hydrochloride (Tarceva), Pelitinib (EKB-569)
(C2 H23CIFN5O2, CAS#257933-82-7), Vandetanib (Zactima, ZD6474,
C22H2 BrFN4O2, CAS No.: 443913-73-3), Sunitinib (Sutent, SU-11248,
C22H27FN4O2.C4H6O5, CAS No.: 341031 -54-7), Tandutinib (MLN518),
C3iH42N6O4, CAS No.: 387867-13-2, Roscovitine (Seliciclib), Ci9H26N6O, CAS
No.: 186692-46-6. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein said at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient is an anti-infectious compound selected from the group consisting of Rifampicin, dideoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate, Clarithromycin, acyclovir, ciprofloxacin, fusidin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, levofloxacin, oxytetracyclin, tobramycin, natriumcromoglicat, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin., Pivampicillin, Ertapenem,
Meropenem, Doripenem, Cefotaxim, Ceftazidim, Ciprofloxacin, Valaciclovir, efavirenz, emtricitabin, tenofovirdisoproxil, Rilpivirine, penicillin, Trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole, rifampicin, etambutol, isoniazid, pyrazinamide,
voriconazole, amphotericin B, caspofungin, flucytosine, itraconazole, doxycyclin, sulfonamides, and sulfamethoxazole. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein said at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient is an immunomodulating compound selected from the group consisting of thalidomide, lenalidomide and pomalidomide, sargramostim, IL-2, interferon-alfa, alemtuzumab, bevacizumab, brentuximab vedotin, cetuximab, gemtuzumab, ozogamicin, ibritumomab, tiuxetan, ipilimumab, ofatumumab, panitumumab, rituximab, tositumomab,
trastuzumab, loxoribine, bropirimine, pomalidomide, sargramostim. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, further comprising at least one antigen. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein at least 50% of the non-water soluble carbohydrates are disaccharides with at least two pyranose saccharide units, or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein the non-water soluble carbohydrates are disaccharides with structures selected from:
Formulae: I II III
wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs in formulae I, II and III are selected collectively from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl- substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl,
hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl; or wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl-substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy- substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl;
or wherein all groups of Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl; or wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are independently selected from the group consisting acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl;
and wherein both pure anomers and mixtures of a- and β- anomers of the above mentioned structural variations are claimed.
In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein at least 50% of the non-water soluble carbohydrates are trisaccharides, or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein the non-water soluble carbohydrates are trisaccharides with structures selected from:
Formulae
wherein Ri, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10 and Rn in formulae IV are selected collectively from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl; or wherein Ri, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10 and Rn are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl;
wherein all groups of Ri, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10 and Rn are selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl; or wherein Ri, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10 and Rn are independently selected from the group consisting acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl;
and wherein both pure anomers and mixtures of a- and β- anomers of the above mentioned structural variations are claimed.
In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein at least 50% of the non-water soluble carbohydrates are
oligosaccharides or a mixture of oligosaccharides with at least 4
monosaccharide units linked together. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein at least 50% of the non-water soluble carbohydrates are mono- or oligosaccharides containing at least one amino sugar unit. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein the non-water soluble carbohydrates are amino sugars selected from compounds with the structure:
wherein Ri, R2, R3, R4 and R5 in formulae V are selected collectively from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and
acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl; or wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl -substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl, mono- di-, tri- or tetra-saccharide derivatives;
wherein all groups of Ri , R2, R3, R4 and R5 are selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl; or wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently selected from the group consisting acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl;
and wherein both pure anomers and mixtures of anomers such as a- and β- anomer centres of the above mentioned structural variations are claimed.
In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein the release of one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients is controlled by mixing carbohydrates with different hydrophobicity by alteration of the substitutions on the carbohydrate hydroxyl groups. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein the composition also comprises a molecule that increase gel stability in the human or animal body, such as an interfacially active molecule, such as an amphiphilic molecule, such as an emulsifier. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein the composition comprises contrast agents that makes the composition visible by PET imaging, SPECT imaging, Ultrasound imaging, CT imaging, x-ray imaging, fluoroscopy imaging, fluorescence imaging, or OCT imaging. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active
pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein the active pharmaceutical ingredient is formulated in a nanoparticle or microsphere that is dispersed in the
composition. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a
composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical
ingredient, in combination with radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), hyperthermia based treatments such as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA), laser-therapy, or laser- induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT). In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, which is administered to the human or animal body through a syringe, an endoscope or a bronchoscope to the target tissue preferably wherein the composition after insertion into the human or animal body constitutes a medical or surgical implant for tissue or surgical adhesion which preferably is wound dressing, a hemostat, enhances tissue regeneration, or is a void filler. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein the composition comprises organic radioisotopes or inorganic radionuclides for use as internal radiotherapy such as brachytherapy or in imaging of tissue in humans or animals.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to a medical or surgical implant comprising the composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is part of a sprayable composition.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to use of a composition according to the present invention, for injecting into tumor tissue. In one embodiment the present invention relates to use of a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, in combination with external beam radiotherapy.
Yet another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for local administration of composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein the active pharmaceutical ingredient is released specifically into tissue in need thereof, preferably tumor tissue. In one embodiment the present invention relates to a composition for use in controlled release of at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient in tissue, said tissue comprising an intraperitoneal space, a muscle, a dermis, an epidermis, a natural lumen or void, an abdominal cavity, a prostate, a rectum, a location between a prostate and a rectum, a breast, a tissue
between a radiation target and healthy tissue, and a vasculature.
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for a composition for use in local co-administration with or without an active pharmaceutical ingredient into a human or animal body wherein the tissue is comprising an interorgan space such as an intraperitoneal space, a muscle, a dermis, an epidermis, a natural lumen or void, an abdominal cavity, a prostate, a rectum, a location between two or more organs such as a prostate and a rectum, a heart and lung, a lymphe node and another tissue, a breast, a tissue between a radiation target and healthy tissue, and a vasculature. Example I
Synthesis
General experimental conditions: All reactions were carried out under inert atmosphere (N2). Water sensitive liquids and solutions were transferred via syringe. Water used for washing of the syntheses was in all cases pure MiliQ water. Organic solutions were concentrated by rotary evaporation at 30- 60°C under 200-0 millibar. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was carried out using aluminium sheets pre-coated with silica 60F (Merck 5554). The TLC plates were inspected under UV light or developed using a cerium ammonium sulphate solution (1 % cerium(IV)sulphate and 2.5% hexa-ammonium molybdate in a 10% sulfuric acid solution).
Reagents: Chemicals were all purchased from Sigma Aldrich and were used as received. Dry pyridine was obtained by drying over sieves (4A) for 2- 3 days prior to use.
Instrumentation: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) was conducted on a Bruker AscendTm 400 MHz - operating at 401 .3 MHz for 1H and 100.62 MHz for 13C - with a 5 mm H - Broadband Dual Channel z-gradient Prodigy cryoprobe. All NMR spectra were acquired at 298 K. The FID files were processed in Mnova Suite version 8.1 .4. All NMR spectra were recorded in CDCl3,the signal at 7.26 ppm (singlet) and 77.16 ppm (triplet) were used for referencing in 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra, respectively. In 1H-NMR spectra of α,β anomeric mixtures, the integral of H-1 of the most abundant anomer was always set to 1 .0, and the percentage of each anomeric species
was calculated from the integral ratio of H-1 a and H-1 β. MALDI-TOF MS was conducted on a Bruker Autoflex SpeedTm instrument. The matrix used for MALDI-TOF was a mixture of 2,5 dihydroxy benzoic acid (DHB),
trifluoroacetic acid and Na+ in ethanol.
D-Glucosamine esters:
-D glucosamine pentaacetate:
D-Glucosamine HCI (2 g, 9.3 mmol) was suspended in 10 mL dry CH2CI2 under inert atmosphere (N2) and cooled to 0°C. Hereafter, acetic anhydride (10 mL, 106 mmol, -2.3 eq pr. OH) was carefully added followed by addition of dry pyridine (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP (1 17 mg, 0.96 mmol, -0.1 eq ). The reaction slowly returned to r.t. and was continued at this temperature for 30 h, whereafter the temperature was elevated to 40°C and continued for another 32 h. Then TLC (acetone: toluene 1 :1 , Rf product -0.6) showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuuo and co-evaporated with toluene. The concentrate was re-dissolved in CHCI3 (100 mL) and washed with NaHCO3 (aq) (4x100 mL) and water (2x100 mL). The pure g-anomer was isolated by re-crystallization from isopropanol-hexane. Yield: 2.2 g (61 %). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 6.15 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1 H), 5.63 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 5.26 - 5.15 (m, 2H), 4.52 - 4.41 (m, 1 H), 4.23 (dd, J = 12.5, 4.1 Hz, 1 H), 4.04 (dd, J = 12.5, 2.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.98 (ddd, J = 9.8, 4.1 , 2.4 Hz, 1 H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.07 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1 .92 (s, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCI3) δ 171 .8, 170.8, 170.1 , 169.2, 168.7, 90.8, 70.8, 69.8, 67.6, 61 .6, 51 .1 , 51 .04, 23.1 , 21 .0, 20.8 (2C), 20.7. MALDI TOF-MS: Calc [M+ Na]+: 412.35. Found: 412.33.
D-Glucosamine HCI (2 g, 9.3 mmol) was suspended in 10 mL dry CH2CI2 under inert atmosphere (N2) and cooled to 0°C. Hereafter, propionic anhydride (13 mL, 101 .4 mmol, -2.2 eq pr. OH) was carefully added followed by dry pyridine (1 1 .5 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP (1 13 mg, 0.93 mmol, -0.1 eq). The reaction slowly returned to r.t. and remained at this temp, for 2 h, whereafter the reaction was heated to 40°C and continued at this temperature for 56 h. Then TLC (acetone: toluene 1 :2, Rf product -0.5) showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction was then concentrated in vacuuo and co-evaporated with toluene. The concentrate was dissolved in CHCI3 (100 mL) and washed with NaHCO3 (aq) (3x100 mL) and water (2x100 mL). The organic phase was then dried with MgSO4(s), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The pure a-anomer was isolated by re- crystallization from isopropanol. Yield: 2.6 g (61 %). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) 5 6.18 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1 H, H-1 a), 5.50 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1 H), 5.30 - 5.17 (m, 2H), 4.52 - 4.44 (m, 1 H), 4.23 (dd, J = 12.5, 4.4 Hz, 1 H), 4.06 (dd, J = 12.5, 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 3.98 (ddd, J = 9.7, 4.4, 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 2.44 (q, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.40 - 2.21 (m, 6H), 2.12 (2x q, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 1 .24 - 1 .02 (m, -15H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCI3) δ 175.3, 174.2, 173.7, 172.7, 172.2, 90.7, 70.7, 70.0, 67.4, 61 .6, 51 .2, 51 .08, 29.6, 27.7, 27.6, 27.5, 27.4, 9.7, 9.2 (2C), 9.1 (2C). MALDI TOF-MS: Calc [M+ Na]+: 482.49. Found: 482.50.
α,β-Ρ glucosamine pentapropionate:
D-Glucosamine HCI (2 g, 9.3 mmol) was suspended in 10 mL dry CH2CI2 under inert atmosphere (N2) and cooled to 0 C. Hereafter, propionic
anhydride (13 ml_, 101 .4 mmol, -2.2 eq pr. OH) was carefully added followed by dry pyridine (1 1 ,5 ml_) and a catalytic amount of DMAP (1 14.5 mg, 0.94 mmol, -0.1 eq). The reaction slowly returned to r.t. and remained at this temp, for 1 h, whereafter the reaction was heated to 40°C and continued at this temperature for 36 h. Then TLC (acetone: toluene 1 :2, Rf products -0.45) showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction was then concentrated in vacuuo and co-evaporated with toluene. The concentrate was dissolved in CHCI3 (100 ml_) and washed with NaHCO3 (aq) (3x100 ml_) and water (2x100 ml_). The organic phase was then dried with MgSO4(s), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure, and an amorphous glass was obtained. Yield: 3,1 g (73%) (mixture of anomers: -91 % a and -9 % β). 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-c/) δ 6.18 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1 H, H-1 a), 5.69 (d, J= 8.8 Hz, 0.1 H, H-1 β), 5.51 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 5.30 - 5.07 (m, 2H), 4.52 - 4.43 (m, 1 H), 4.39 - 4.26 (m, 0.2H), 4.23 (dd, J = 12.4, 4.4 Hz, 1 H), 4.12 (dd, J = 12.6, 2.3 Hz, 0.1 H), 4.06 (dd, J = 12.5, 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 3.98 (ddd, J = 9.6, 4.3, 2.2 Hz, 1 H, H-5 a), 3.79 (ddd, J = 9.4, 4.6, 2.1 Hz, 0.1 H, H-5 β), 2.50 - 2.05 (m, -1 1 H), 1 .23 - 1 .01 (m, ~17H).MALDI TOF-MS: Calc [M+ Na]+:
482.49. Found: 482.50.
g-D glucosamine pentaisobutyrate:
D-Glucosamine HCI (2 g, 9.3 mmol) was suspended in 10 mL dry CH2CI2 under inert atmosphere (N2) and cooled to 0°C. Hereafter, isobutyric anhydride (17 mL, 102.5 mmol, -2.2 eq pr. OH) was carefully added followed by addition of dry pyridine (1 1 .5 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP (1 13 mg, 0.93 mmol, -0.1 eq). The reaction slowly returned to r.t. and remained at this temp, for 2 h, whereafter the reaction was heated to 40°C and continued at this temperature for 58 h. Then TLC (acetone: toluene 1 :2, Rf product -0.6) showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction was
concentrated in vacuuo and co-evaporated with toluene. Then, the
concentrate was dissolved in CHCI3 (100 mL) and washed with NaHCO3 (aq) (3 x100 mL) and water (2 x 100 mL). The organic phase was then dried with MgSO4(s), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The pure a- anomer was isolated by rechrystallization from isopropanol. Yield: 2.95 g (60%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 6.19 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1 H), 5.52 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1 H), 5.34 - 5.13 (m, 2H), 4.55 - 4.35 (m, 1 H), 4.15 (dd, J = 12.4, 4.7 Hz, 1 H), 4.09 (dd, J = 12.4, 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 3.99 (ddd, J = 9.6, 4.7, 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 2.72 - 2.44 (m, 4H), 2.25 (hept, J = 7.2 Hz, 1 H), 1 .24 (d, J = 1 .5 Hz, 3H), 1 .22 (d, J = 1 .5 Hz, 3H), 1 .18 - 1 .03 (m, ~24H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCI3) δ 178.1 , 176.8, 176.6, 175.2, 174.7, 90.5, 70.4, 70.2, 67.0, 61 .6, 51 .5, 35.6, 34.2, 34.1 , 34.0 (2C), 19.5, 19.4, 19.1 (2C), 19.0 (2C), 18.9 (4C). MALDI TOF-MS: Calc [M+ Na]+: 552.62. Found: 552.64.
Trehalose esters:
Trehalose octaacetate:
D-Trehalose dihydrate (2 g, 5.3 mmol) was suspended in 20 mL dry pyridine under inert atmosphere (N2) followed by addition of acetic anhydride (9 mL, 95.4 mmol, -2.3 eq pr. OH) and a catalytic amount of DMAP (70.9 mg, 0.6 mmol , -0.1 eq ). The reaction was conducted at r.t. overnight. After 15 h, the reaction temperature was re-adjusted to 48°C, and the reaction continued at this temperature for an additional 28 h after which TLC (20% acetone, toluene, rf product -0.4) showed, that the reaction was done. Then followed concentration in-vacuuo and co-evaporation with toluene. The concentrate was re-dissolved in CHCI3 (100 mL) and washed with NaHCO3 (aq) (3x100 mL) and water (2x100 mL). The organic phase was dried with MgSO4 (s), filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure and dried in vacuuo. Yield: 3.1 g (86 %). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 5.49 (dd, J = 10.3, 9.3 Hz, 2H), 5.28
(d, J = 3.9 Hz, 2H), 5.09 - 4.99 (m, 4H), 4.23 (dd, J = 12.0, 5.5 Hz, 2H), 4.05 (ddd, J=10.3, 5.5, 2.0, 2H), 4.05 - 3.96 (m, 2H), 2.08 (s, 6H), 2.07 (s, 6H), 2.05 (s, 6H), 2.03 (s, 6H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCI3) δ 170.7 (2C), 170.1 (2C), 169.7 (4C), 92.4 (2C), 70.1 (2C), 70.0 (2C), 68.6 (2C), 68.3 (2C), 61 .9 (2C), 20.8 (2C), 20.7 (6C).MALDI-TOF-MS: Calc. [M+Na]+: 701 .59. Found: 701 .55.
Trehalose octapropionate:
D-Trehalose dihydrate (2 g, 5.3 mmol) was suspended in 20 mL dry pyridine under inert atmosphere (N2) followed by addition of propionic anhydride (12 mL, 93.6 mmol, -2.2 eq pr. OH) and a catalytic amount of DMAP (73.1 mg, 0.6 mmol , -0.1 eq ). The reaction was conducted at 48°C for 39 h, whereafter TLC (10% acetone, toluene, Rf product -0.4) showed that the reaction was completed. Then followed concentration in vacuuo and co-evaporation with toluene. The crude concentrate was dissolved in CHCI3 (100 mL) and and washed with NaHCO3 (aq) (3x100 mL) and water (2x100 mL). The organic phase was dried with MgSO4 (s), filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure and dried in vacuuo. Yield: 3.5 g (84.2%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 5.51 (dd, J = 10.2, 9.3 Hz, 2H), 5.30 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 2H), 5.1 1 - 5.02 (m, 4H), 4.21 (dd, J = 12.3, 5.6 Hz, 2H), 4.03 - 3.96 (m, 4H), 2.40 - 2.21 (m, 16H), 1 .17 - 1 .04 (m, 24H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCI3) δ 174.2 (2C), 173.4 (2C), 173.3 (2C), 173.1 (2C), 91 .9 (2C), 70.0 (4C), 68.5 (2C), 68.3 (2C), 61 .7 (2C), 27.6 (2C), 27.5 (6C), 9.3 (2C), 9.1 (6C). MALDI TOF-MS: Calc [M+ Na]+: 813.80. Found: 813.80.
D-Trehalose dihydrate (2 g, 5.3 mmol) was suspended in 20 mL dry pyridine under inert atmosphere (N2) followed by addition of isobutyric anhydride (15.5 mL, 93.5 mmol, -2.2 eq pr. OH) and a catalytic amount of DMAP ( 73.1 mg, 0.6 mmol, -0.1 eq ). The reaction was conducted at 49°C for 47 h, whereafter TLC (10% acetone, toluene, Rf product -0.6) showed that the reaction was only close to completion. Additional isobutyric anhydride (1 .93 mL, 1 1 .6 mmol) was added, and the reaction was continued for an additional 14 h at 58°C, whereafter the reaction was completed. Then followed concentration in vacuuo and co-evaporation of toluene. The crude concentrate dissolved in CHCI3 (100 mL) and washed with NaHCO3 (aq) (3x100 mL) and water (2x100 mL). The organic phase was dried with MgSO4 (s), filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure and dried in vacuuo. Yield: 4.3 g (91 %). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 5.55 (t, J = 9.8 Hz, 2H), 5.36 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 2H), 5.10 (t, J = 9.9 Hz, 2H), 5.03 (dd, J = 10.1 , 3.8 Hz, 2H), 4.08 (m, 4H), 3.91 (ddd, J = 10.4, 5.5, 2.1 Hz, 2H), 2.63 - 2.52 (m, 4H), 2.48 (m, 4H), 1 .17 (m, 24H), 1 .13 - 1 .07 (m, 24H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCI3) δ 176.7 (2C), 175.9 (2C), 175.7 (2C), 175.4 (2C), 90.5 (2C), 70.2 (2C), 69.8 (2C), 68.6 (2C), 68.0 (2C), 61 .6 (2C), 34.1 (2C), 34.0 (4C), 33.9 (2C), 19.1 (2C), 19.0 (8C), 18.9 (4C), 18.8 (2C).MALDI TOF-MS: Calc [M+ Na]+: 926.02. Found: 925.97.
Maltose esters:
3- maltose octaacetate:
D-Maltose monohydrate (2 g, 5.6 mmol) was suspended in 20 mL dry pyridine under inert atmosphere (N2) followed shortly hereafter by addition of acetic anhydride ( 9.5 mL, 100.5 mmol, -2.3 eq pr. OH) and a catalytic amount of DMAP ( 73.1 mg, 0.6 mmol , -0.1 eq ). The reaction was conducted at 49°C for 47 h whereafter TLC (20% acetone, toluene, Rf product -0.4) showed that the reaction was completed. Then followed concentration in vacuuo and co-evaporation with toluene. The crude concentrate was dissolved in CHCI3 (100 mL) and washed with NaHCO3 (aq) (3x100 mL) and water (2x100 mL). The organic phase was then dried with MgSO4 (s), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The pure β- anomer was isolated by rechrystallization from isopropanol. Yield: 3.1 g (82%). 1H N MR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 5.74 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1 H), 5.40 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1 H), 5.35 (dd, J = 10.5, 9.5 Hz, 1 H), 5.29 (t, J = 8.9 Hz, 1 H), 5.05 (t, J = 9.9 Hz, 1 H), 4.97 (dd, J = 9.2, 8.1 Hz, 1 H), 4.85 (dd, J = 10.5, 4.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.45 (dd, J = 12.3, 2.5 Hz, 1 H), 4.24 (t, J = 3.9 Hz, 1 H), 4.21 (t, J = 3.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.07 - 4.00 (m, 2H), 3.93 (ddd, J = 10.3, 3.8, 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 3.83 (ddd, J = 9.6, 4.4, 2.5 Hz, 1 H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 2.10 (s, 6H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 2.01 (2 x s, 6H), 2.00 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCI3) δ 170.7, 170.6 (2C), 170.2, 170.0, 169.7, 169.6, 168.9, 95.8, 91 .4, 75.4, 73.1 , 72.5, 71 .1 , 70.1 , 69.4, 68.7, 68.1 , 62.6, 61 .6, 21 .00, 20.9, 20.8 (2C), 20.7 (4C). MALDI- TOF-MS: Calc [M+ Na]+: 701 .59. Found: 701 .38.
- maltose octapropionate:
D-Maltose monohydrate (2 g, 5.6 mmol) was suspended in 20 mL dry pyridine under inert atmosphere (N2) followed shortly hereafter by addition of propionic anhydride (12.5 mL, 97.5 mmol, -2.2 eq pr. OH) and a catalytic amount of DMAP ( 68.9 mg, 0.56 mmol , -0.1 eq ). The reaction was conducted for 24 h at 48°C and for an additional 16 h at 40°C, whereafter TLC
(10% acetone, toluene, Rf product -0.4) showed that the reaction was completed. Then followed concentration in vacuuo and co-evaporation with toluene. The concentrate was dissolved in CHCI3 (100 ml_) and washed with NaHCO3 (aq) (3x100 ml_) and water (2x100 ml_). The organic phase was dried with MgSO4 (s), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The pure β -anomer was isolated by rechrystallization from isopropanol. Yield: 3.6 g (82%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 5.75 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.41 - 5.33 (m, 2H), 5.30 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 5.08 (t, J = 9.9 Hz, 1 H), 4.98 (dd, J = 9.3, 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.87 (dd, J = 10.5, 4.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.45 (dd, J = 12.3, 2.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.25 (t, J = 4.5 Hz, 1 H), 4.22 (t, J = 4.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.09 - 3.97 (m, 2H), 3.93 (ddd, J =
10.3, 3.7, 2.1 Hz, 1 H), 3.84 (ddd, J = 9.7, 4.4, 2.6 Hz, 1 H), 2.43 - 2.20 (m, 16H), 1 .17 - 1 .03 (m, 24H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCI3) δ 174.1 , 174.0 (2C), 173.4 (2C), 173.1 , 173.0, 172.4, 95.8, 91 .4, 76.8, 75.3, 73.2, 72.2, 71 .0, 69.9,
69.4, 68.8, 67.8, 62.5, 61 .4, 27.6 (2C), 27.5 (3C), 27.4 (2C), 27.3, 9.3, 9.1 (4C), 8.9, 8.8 (2C). MALDI-TOF-MS: Calc [M+ Na]+: 813.80. Found: 813.70. α,β- maltose octapropionate:
D-Maltose monohydrate (2 g, 5.6 mmol) was suspended in 20 ml_ dry pyridine under inert atmosphere (N2) followed shortly hereafter by addition of propionic anhydride (12.5 ml_, 97.5 mmol, -2.2 eq pr. OH) and a catalytic amount of DMAP (70 mg, 0.57 mmol , -0.1 eq). The reaction was conducted for 43 h at 48°C and, whereafter TLC (10% acetone, toluene, Rf products -0.35) showed that the reaction was completed. Then followed concentration in vacuuo and co-evaporation with toluene. The concentrate was dissolved in CHCI3 (100 ml_) and washed with NaHCO3 (aq) (3x100 ml_) and water
(2x100 ml_). The organic phase was dried with MgSO4 (s), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a white solid. Yield: 3,3 g (76%) (mixture of anomers, -4% alpha and -96 % beta). 1H NMR (400 MHz,
Chloroform-c/) δ 6.25 (d, J = 3.7 Hz, 0.04H, H-1 a), 5.75 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H, H- 1 β), 5.53 (dd, J = 10.1 , 8.5 Hz, 0.04H), 5.40 - 5.33 (m, 2H), 5.30 (t, J=9.0 Hz, 1 H), 5.08 (t, J = 9.9 Hz, 1 H), 4.98 (dd, J = 9.3, 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.87 (dd, J = 10.5, 4.1 Hz, 1 H), 4.45 (dd, J = 12.2, 2.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.25 (t, J= 4.5 Hz, 1 H) 4.22 (t, J = 4.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.12 (m, 0.04 H), 4.09 - 3.98 (m, 2H), 3.93 (ddd, J = 10.1 , 3.7, 2.1 Hz, 1 H), 3.84 (ddd, J = 9.6, 4.4, 2.6 Hz, 1 H), 2.47 - 2.18 (m, ~17H), 1 .19 - 1 .02 (m, ~25H). MALDI-TOF-MS: Calc [M+ Na]+: 813.80. Found: 813.70. 3- maltose octaisobutyrate:
D-Maltose monohydrate (2 g, 5.6 mmol) was suspended in 20 ml_ dry pyridine under inert atmosphere (N2) followed by addition of isobutyric anhydride (16.2 ml_, 97.7 mmol, -2.2 eq pr. OH) and a catalytic amount of DMAP (68 mg, 0.56 mmol, 0.1 eq ). The reaction was conducted under inert atmosphere at 48°C for 24 h, and for an additional 17 h at 40°C, whereafter TLC (10% acetone, toluene, Rf product -0.5) showed that the reaction was completed. Then followed concentration in vacuuo and co-evaporation with toluene. The concentrate was dissolved in CHCI3 (100 ml_) and washed with NaHCO3 (aq) (3x100 ml_) and water (2x100 ml_). The organic phase was then dried with MgSO4 (s), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The pure β -anomer was isolated by rechrystallization from isopropanol. Yield: 4.5 g (89%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 5.74 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 5.40 (t, J = 9.9 Hz, 1 H), 5.36 - 5.26 (m, 2H), 5.12 (t, J = 9.8 Hz, 1 H), 5.01 (dd, J = 9.1 , 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.89 (dd, J = 10.4, 4.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.49 (dd, J = 12.0, 2.7 Hz, 1 H), 4.27 (dd, J = 12.1 , 4.7 Hz, 1 H), 4.20 (dd, J = 12.5, 4.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.1 1 - 3.99 (m, 2H), 3.96 (ddd, J = 10.4, 3.9, 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.85 (ddd, J = 9.6, 4.7, 2.7 Hz, 1 H), 2.66 - 2.38 (m, 8H), 1 .21 - 1 .06 (m, - 48H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCI3) δ 176.8, 176.6, 176.2, 175.8, 175.5, 175.4, 175.3, 175.0, 100.1 , 95.2, 91 .4, 75.0, 73.3, 71 .6, 70.7, 69.9, 69.3, 68.9, 67.6, 62.3, 61 .5, 34.1 , 34.0 (3C), 33.9
(3C), 33.8, 19.3, 19.2, 19.1 (2C), 19.0 (4C), 18.9 (4C), 18.7, 18.5 (2C), 18.4.MALDI TOF-MS: Calc [M+ Na]+: 926.02. Found: 925.96.
Lactose esters:
- Lactose octaacetate:
β-Lactose (10 g, 29.2 mmol) was suspended in dry pyridine (100 mL) under inert atmosphere (N2). Hereafter, AC2O (48.5 mL, 514 mmol, -2.2 eq pr. OH) was carefully added, followed by a catalytic amount of DMAP (357 mg, 2.9 mmol, 0.1 eq ). The reaction was heated to 48°C and continued for 24 h, then the reaction was cooled down to r.t. and continued for another 24 h, whereafter TLC (25% acetone, toluene, Rf a anomer: -0.3, Rf β anomer:- 0.35) showed that the reaction was completed. Then reaction was then concentrated in vacuuo and co-evaporated with toluene. The concentrate was dissolved in CHCI3 (150 mL) and washed with NaHCO3 (aq) (3x150 mL) and water (2x150 mL). The organic phase was dried with MgSO4 (s), filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure and dried in vacuuo resulting in an amorphous glass. Yield: 18,6 g (93,7 % yield) (mixture of anomers: -30% a and -70 % ).1H-NMR: (400 MHz, Chloroform-c/) δ 6.24 (d, J = 3.7 Hz, 0.4H, H-1 a), 5.66 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H, H-1 β), 5.44 (dd, 10.28, 9.53 Hz, 0.4 H), 5.37 - 5.31 (m, 2H), 5.23 (t, J = 9.1 Hz, 1 H), 5.15 - 5,00 (m, 3H), 4.99 - 4.91 (m, 2H), 4.50 - 4.41 (m, 3H), 4.17 - 4.05 (m, 4H), 3.99 (ddd, J = 10.2, 4.3, 2.1 Hz, 0.4H, H5 a), 3.91 - 3.78 (m, 3H), 3.75 (ddd, J = 9.9, 4.8, 2.0 Hz, 1 H, H5 β), 2.19-1 .93 (singlets, -32 H, CH3 acetyls). MALDI TOF-MS: Calc [M+ Na]+: 701 .59. Found: 701 .51 .
β-Lactose (5 g, 14.6 mmol) was suspended in dry pyridine (50 mL) under inert atmosphere (N2). Hereafter, propionic anhydride (33.5 mL, 257.4 mmol, 2.2 eq pr. OH) was carefully added, followed by a catalytic amount of DMAP (181 .3mg, 1 .48 mmol, 0.1 eq ). The reaction was heated to 60°C and continued for 32 h, whereafter TLC (10% acetone, toluene, Rf a anomer: -0.35, Rf β anomer:- 0.4 ) showed that the reaction was completed. Then reaction was then concentrated in vacuuo and co-evaporated with toluene. The concentrate was dissolved in CH2CI2 (150 mL) and washed with 10% HCI (aq) (2x150 mL), then NaHCO3 (aq) (2x100 mL) and water (2x200 mL). ). The organic phase was dried with MgSO4 (s), filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure and dried in vacuuo resulting in an amorphous glass. Yield: 9,7 g (84%) (mixture of anomers: -30% a and -70 % β). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-c/) δ 6.26 (d, J = 3.7 Hz, 0.4H, H1 -a), 5.68 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H, H-1 β), 5.47 (dd,10.3, 9.2 Hz,0.4 H), 5.38 - 5.33 (m, 2H), 5.26 (t, J = 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.15 -5.00 (m, 3H), 5.02 - 4.91 (m, 2H), 4.49 - 4.41 (m, 3H), 4.15 - 4.03 (m, 4H), 3.98 (ddd, J = 10.1 , 3.9, 1 .8 Hz, 0.4 H, H5 a), 3.91 - 3.77 (m, 3H), 3.73 (ddd, J = 9.9, 4.6, 2.0 Hz, 1 H, H5 β), 2.47 - 2.15 (m, -23H), 1 .19 - 0.99 (m, -34H). MALDI TOF-MS: Calc [M+ Na]+: 813.80. Found: 813.42.
- Lactose octaisobutyrate:
β-Lactose (10 g, 29.2 mmol) was suspended in dry pyridine (100 mL) under inert atmosphere (N2). Hereafter, isobutyric anhydride (85 mL, 512.6 mmol, 2.2 eq. pr. OH) was carefully added, followed by a catalytic amount of DMAP (357 mg, 2.9 mmol , 0.1 eq ). The reaction was heated to 55°C and
continued for 36 h, whereafter the reaction was cooled down to r.t. and continued for another 24 h, whereafter TLC (10% acetone, toluene, Rf a anomer: -0.6, Rf β anorner:- 0.65) showed that the reaction was completed. Then reaction was then concentrated in vacuuo and co-evaporated with toluene. The concentrate was dissolved in CHCI3 (150 mL) and washed with NaHCO3 (aq) (3x150 mL) and water (2x150 mL). The organic phase was dried with MgSO4 (s), filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure and dried in vacuuo resulting in an amorphous glass. Yield: 23,6 g (89,5%) (mixture of anomers: -30% a and -70 % β). 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-c/) δ 6.26 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 0.4H, H-1 a), 5.68 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H, H-1 β), 5.48 (dd, J = 10.3, 9.3 Hz, 0.4 H), 5.40 - 5.34 (m, 2H), 5.27 (t, J = 9.5 Hz, 1 H), 5.18 - 5.00 (m, 3H), 5.03 - 4.91 (m, 2H), 4.50 - 4.41 (m, 3H), 4.24 - 4.02 (m, -4H), 3.95 (ddd, J = 10.1 , 3.8, 1 .7 Hz, 0.4H, H5 a), 3.91 - 3.80 (m, 3H), 3.70 (ddd, J = 9.9, 4.5, 2.0 Hz, 1 H, H5 β), 2.70 - 2.32 (m, -1 1 H), 1 .26 - 1 .01 (m, -68 H). MALDI TOF- MS: Calc [M+ Na]+: 926.02. Found: 925.70.
Raffinose esters:
Raffionse undecaacetate:
D-Raffinose pentahydrate (2 g, 3.4 mmol) was suspended in dry pyridine (20 mL) under inert atmosphere (N2). Hereafter, acetic anhydride (6 mL, 63.5 mmol, -1 .7 eq pr. OH) was added followed by a catalytic amount of DMAP (41 mg, 0.3 mmol, -0.1 eq). The reaction was heated to 48°C and continued for 46 h where TLC (20 % acetone, toluene, Rf product -0.3) showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction was concentrated in vacuuo and co-evaporated with toluene. The concentrate was dissolved in CHCI3 (100 mL) and washed with NaHCO3 (aq) (3x100 mL) and water (2x100 mL). The organic phase was dried with MgSO4 (s), filtered,
concentrated under reduced pressure and dried in vacuuo. Yield: 2.9 g (88.7%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 5.65 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1 H), 5.50 - 5.43 (m, 3H), 5.36 - 5.31 (m, 1 H), 5.30 (d, J = 3.4 Hz, 1 H), 5.13 - 5.08 (m, 2H), 5.07 (d, J = 3.7 Hz, 1 H), 5.00 (dd, J = 10.4, 9.4 Hz, 1 H), 4.76 (dd, J = 10.4, 3.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.41 - 4.22 (m, 6H), 4.22 - 4.10 (m, 2H), 4.03 (dd, J = 1 1 .3, 7.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.72 (dd, J = 1 1 .1 , 6.1 Hz, 1 H), 3.52 (dd, J = 1 1 .0, 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.12 (s, 3H), 2.1 1 (s, 3H), 2.1 1 (s, 3H), 2.10 (s, 6H), 2.05 (s, 6H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1 .95 (s, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCI3) δ 170.7 (2C), 170.6, 170.4, 170.3 (2C), 170.2 (2C), 169.8, 169.7, 169.6, 105.0, 96.0, 90.2, 80.1 , 76.5, 76.0, 70.7, 69.6, 69.4, 68.9, 68.4 (2C), 67.5, 66.5, 66.1 , 63.8, 62.0 (2C), 20.9 (4C), 20.8 (5C), 20.7 (2C).MALDI TOF-MS: Calc [M+ Na]+: 989.84. Found: 989.91 .
Raffinose undecapropionate:
D-Raffinose pentahydrate (2 g, 3.4 mmol) was suspended in dry pyridine (20 ml_) under inert atmosphere (N2). Hereafter, propionic anhydride (8 ml_, 62.4 mmol, ~1 .7 eq pr. OH) was carefully added followed by a catalytic amount of DMAP (46 mg, 0.4 mmol, -0.1 eq). The reaction was heated to 48°C and continued for 42 h where TLC (10 % acetone, toluene, Rf product -0.4) showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction was
concentrated in vacuuo and co-evaporated with toluene. The concentrate was dissolved in CHCI3 (100 ml_) and washed with NaHCO3 (aq) (3x100 ml_) and water (2x100 ml_). The organic phase was dried with MgSO4 (s), filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure and dried in vacuuo. Yield: 3.3 g (86.7%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 5.61 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1 H), 5.52 - 5.41 (m, 3H), 5.39 - 5.30 (m, 2H), 5.15 - 5.04 (m, 3H), 4.82 (dd, J = 10.4, 3.7 Hz, 1 H), 4.43 - 4.22 (m, 6H), 4.21 - 4.01 (m, 3H), 3.73 (dd, J = 1 1 .3, 5.2 Hz, 1 H),
3.54 (dd, J = 1 1 .3, 1 .9 Hz, 1 H), 2.50 - 2.17 (m, 22H), 1 .18 - 1 .03 (m,
~33H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCI3) δ 174.2, 174.1 , 174.0, 173.8, 173.6 (4C), 173.2, 173.1 , 173.0, 104.6, 96.4, 90.3, 79.7, 76.0, 75.5, 70.3, 69.7 (2C), 68.5, 68.2 (2C), 67.7, 66.5, 66.0, 63.8, 62.4, 61 .7, 27.6 (2C), 27.5 (5C), 27.4 (2C), 27.3, 27.2, 9.4, 9.3, 9.2 (2C), 9.1 (2C), 9.0 (5C). MALDI TOF-MS: Calc [M+ Na]+: 1 144.13. Found: 1 144.18.
Raffinose undecaisobutyrate:
D-Raffinose pentahydrate (2 g, 3.4 mmol) was suspended in dry pyridine (20 ml_) under inert atmosphere (N2). Hereafter, isobutyric anhydride (10 ml_, 60.3 mmol, ~1 .6 eq pr. OH) was carefully added followed by a catalytic amount of DMAP (47 mg, 0.4 mmol, -0.1 eq). The reaction was heated to 48°C and continued for 43 h where TLC (10 % acetone, toluene, Rf product -0.6) showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction was then concentrated in vacuuo and co-evaporated with toluene. The concentrate was dissolved in CHCI3 (100 ml_) and washed with NaHCO3 (aq) (3x100 ml_) and water (2x100 ml_). The organic phase was dried with MgSO4 (s), filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure and dried in vacuuo. Yield: 3.6 g (84.3%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 5.58 - 5.44 (m, 4H), 5.49 - 5.38 (m, 1 H), 5.42 - 5.29 (m, 1 H), 5.28 (t, J = 9.8 Hz, 1 H), 5.18 - 5.07 (m, 2H), 4.89 (dd, J = 10.4, 3.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.41 - 4.30 (m, 1 H), 4.31 - 4.14 (m, 4H), 4.1 1 - 3.99 (m, 4H), 3.75 (dd, J = 1 1 .7, 3.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.58 (dd, J = 1 1 .8, 1 .9 Hz, 1 H), 2.71 - 2.34 (m, 1 1 H), 1 .24 - 1 .08 (m, -66H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCI3) δ 176.6 (2C), 176.5, 176.1 (3C), 176.0, 175.9, 175.8, 175.5, 175.1 , 103.6, 97.0, 90.0, 78.7, 75.3, 74.6, 70.1 , 69.8, 69.6, 68.1 , 67.8 (2C), 67.7, 66.6, 65.9, 64.2, 62.9, 61 .4, 34.2, 34.0 (5C), 33.9 (4C), 33.8, 19.3 (2C), 19.1 (3C), 19.0 (7C),
18.9 (6C), 18.8, 18.7, 18.5, 18.4. MALDI TOF-MS: Calc [M+ Na]+: 1298.43. Found: 1298.46.
S nthesis of α,β lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 regioisomers
R = CH3 or CH2-CH3
Lactose (10 g, 29,2 mmol) was suspended under inert atmosphere in -120 ml_ dry pyridine and cooled to 0°C. Hereafter, a mixture of of acetic anhydride (16.5 ml_,175.3 mmol, ~6 eq.) and propionic anhydride (22.5 ml_, 175.2 mmol, ~6 eq.) was added dropwise through a separatory funnel under vigorous stirring. Hereafter, the reaction was allowed to slowly re-heat to r.t. over -30 min. Then, a catalytic amount of DMAP (-357 mg, 2.9 mmol, -0.1 eq ) was added, and the reaction was continued at 48°C overnight under inert atmosphere. Then MALDI TOF-MS confirmed that the reaction was done. Hereafter followed evaporation of the solvent and anhydride with co- evaporation of toluene (2X20 mL) to remove the residual anhydride. The final purification consisted of dissolution in CHCI3 (100 mL) and washing with NaHCOs (aq) (4X100 mL), water (1 X100 mL) and brine (1 X100 mL). The organic phase was then dried with MgSO4 (s), filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure and dried in vacuuo. Yield: 15.2g (71 %) (calculated after the expected weight of overall -1 :1 acetate:propionate mixture in the resulting product (confirmed by 1H-NMR)), -75% β and -25% a (from 1H-NMR). 1H- NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-c/): δ 6.28 - 6.23 (m, 2H, H-1 a), 5.71 - 5.63 (m, 6H, Η-1 β), 5.52 - 5.41 (m, 2H), 5.40 - 5.31 (m, 12H), 5.31 - 5.19 (m, 6H), 5.16 - 4.88 (m, -15H), 4.52 - 4.40 (m, -16H), 4.19 - 4.03 (m, -28H), 4.03 - 3.94 (m, 2H), 3.91 - 3.79 (m, -18H), 3.80 - 3.70 (m, 6H), 2.50 - 2.18 (m, -48H, CH2 propionate), 2.15 - 1 .92 (m, -72, CH3 acetate), 1 .27 - 0.93 (m, -72H, CH3 propionate). MALDI TOF-MS: Compound with 7 acetyl and 1 propyl [M + Na]+: Calc: 715.62. Found: 715.7. Compound with 6 acetyl + 2
propyl [M + Na]+: Calc.: 729.65. Found: 729.81 . Compound with 5 acetyl + 3 propyl [M + Na]+: Calc: 743.67. Found: 743.85. Compound with 4 acetyl + 4 propyl [M + Na]+: Calc: 757.70. Found: 757.88. Compound with 3 acetyl + 5 propionyl [M + Na]+: Calc: 771 .73. Found: 771 .9. Compound with 6 propionyl + 2 acetyl [M + Na]+. Calc: 785.76. Found: 785.93.
Regioisomer trehalose synthesis
Synthesis of trehalose acetate:propionate 3:1 and 2:1 regioisomers
Synthesis a): Trehalose dihydrate (5 g, 13.2 mmol) was suspended under inert atmosphere in 50 ml_ dry pyridine followed shortly hereafter by addition of acetic anhydride (15 ml_, 159 mmol, ~ 12 eq.) and propionic anhydride (10 ml_, 78 mmol, ~ 6 eq.) roughly in a 2:1 relationship (acetic anhydride was added first, shortly hereafter, propionic anhydride was added). Hereafter a catalytic amount of DMAP (-166 mg, 1 .4 mmol, -0,1 eq ) was added. The reaction was conducted under inert atmosphere at r.t. for 1 .5 days. Then TLC (20% acetone, toluene) showed that the reaction was done (approximately 5 spots from rf -0.3-0.5). Then followed evaporation of the solvent and anhydride, with co-evaporation of toluene (2X 20 ml_) to remove the residual anhydride. The final purification consisted of dissolution in CHCI3 (100 ml_) and washing with NaHCO3 (aq) (4X100 ml_), water (2X100 ml_) and brine (1 X100 ml_). The organic phase was then dried with MgSO4 (s), filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure and dried in vacuuo. Yield: 6,4 g ( -69%, calculated after the expected weight of overall -3:1 acetate:propionate mixture in the resulting product (confirmed by 1H-NMR)). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-c/): δ 5.54 - 5.44 (m, 10H, H-1 and H-1 '), 5.32 - 5.25 (m, 10H),
5.10 - 4.99 (m, 20H), 4.23 (m, 10H), 4.08 - 3.95 (m, 20H), 2.41 - 2.21 (m, ~20H, CH2 propionate), 2.1 1 - 1 .97 (m, ~90H, CH3 Acetate), 1 .19 - 1 .05 (m, ~30H, CH3 propionate). MALDI TOF-MS: Uniformly acetylated compound [M+Na]+: Calc.: 701 .59. Found: 701 .61 . Compound with 7 acetyl groups and one propionyl group [M+Na]+: Calc: 715.62. Found: 715.66. Compound with 6 acetyl groups and two propionyl groups [M+Na]+: Calc: 729.65. Found: 729.70. Compound with 5 acetyl groups and three propionyl groups: [M+Na]+: Calc: 743.67. Found: 743.74. Compound with 4 acetyl groups and 4 propionyl groups: [M+Na]+: Calc: 757.70. Found: 757.75.
Synthesis b): Trehalose dihydrate (5 g, 13,2 mmol) was suspended under inert atmosphere in 50 ml_ dry pyridine followed shortly hereafter by addition of acetic anhydride (1 1 ml_, 1 16.6 mmol, 8.8 eq) and propionic anhydride (15 ml_, 1 16.9 mmol, -8.9 eq) in a ~1 :1 relationship (acetic anhydride was added first, shortly after propionic anhydride was added). Hereafter a catalytic amount of DMAP ( -165 mg, 1 .4 mmol, -0.1 eq ) was added. The reaction was conducted under inert atmosphere at r.t. for 1 .5 days. Then TLC (20% acetone, toluene) showed that the reaction was done (approximately -6 spots from rf -0.3-0.6). Then followed evaporation of the solvent and anhydride with co-evaporation of toluene (2X20 ml_) to remove the residual anhydride. The final purification consisted of dissolution in CHCI3 (100 ml_) and washing with NaHCOs (aq) (4X100 ml_), water (2X100 ml_) and brine (1 X100 ml_). The organic phase was then dried with MgSO4 (s), filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure and dried in vacuuo. Yield: 6,9 g (-73% yield, calculated after overall -2:1 Acetate:propionate mixture in the resulting product (confirmed by 1H-NMR)). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-c/): δ 5.54 - 5.45 (m, 12H. H-1 and H-1 '), 5.32 - 5.25 (m, 12H), 5.10 - 4.99 (m, 24H), 4.27 - 4.17 (m, 12H), 4.09 - 3.95 (m, 24H), 2.40 - 2.21 (m, 32H, CH2 propionate), 2.1 1 - 1 .97 (m, 96H, CH3 acetate), 1 .18 - 1 .04 (m, 48H, CH3 propionate). MALDI TOF-MS: Uniformly acetylated compound [M+Na]+: Calc: 701 .59. Found: 701 .61 . Compound with 7 acetyl groups and one propionyl group [M+Na]+: Calc: 715.62. Found: 715.68. Compound with 6 acetyl groups and two
propionyl groups [M+Na]+: Calc.: 729.65. Found: 729.73. Connpound with 5 acetyl groups and three propionyl groups: [M+Na]+: Calc: 743.67. Found: 743.77. Connpound with 4 acetyl groups and 4 propionyl groups: [M+Na]+: Calc: 757.70. Found: 757.79. Connpound with 3 acetyl groups and 5 propionyl groups: [M+Na]+: Calc: 771 .73. Found: 771 .81 .
Example II
Gel formation
The gel-forming properties of the synthesized esters containing only small percentages of organic solvents and/or triglycerides were inspected in the following experiments
Gels formulated with EtOH:
-210 mg of the following sugar ester formulations: α,β Lactose octaacetate: α,β Lactose octaisobutyrate 5:1 , α,β Lactose octaacetate: α,β Lactose octaisobutyrate 2:1 , α,β Lactose octaacetate: α,β Lactose
octaisobutyrate 1 :1 , α,β Lactose octaacetate: α,β Lactose octapropionate 1 :1 , α,β Lactose octaacetate: α,β Lactose octapropionate 1 :5, α,β Lactose octaacetate: α,β Lactose octapropionate 1 :3, α,β Lactose octapropionate: α,β Lactose octaisobutyrate 1 :1 , α,β Lactose octaacetate: α,β Lactose
octaisobutyrate 1 :5 , α,β Lactose octapropionate, α,β Lactose octaisobutyrate: α,β Lactose octaacetate 0.5:0.5:5, α,β Lactose octaisobutyrate: α,β Lactose octaacetate 3:1 , Trehalose octaacetate:Trehalose octapropionate 1 :1 ,
Trehalose octapropionate, Trehalose octaisobutyrate, Raffinose
undecaacetate:Raffinose undecapropionate 1 :1 , Raffinose
undecaisobutyrate, β-maltose octaisobutyrate and α,β-D- glucosamine pentapropionate were mixed with 20 wt % EtOH by heating to ~37°C, vortexing and ultrasonication. -50-80 uL of the resulting formulations were then injected into 2 imL of PBS buffer using 25 G needles. All of the solutions formed gels upon injection (examples shown in Figure 1 ).
Gels formulated with DMSO, NMP or propylene carbonate:
-210 mg of the following sugar ester formulations: α,β Lactose octaacetate, α,β lactose octapropionate, α,β Lactose octaacetate:a^ lactose octapropionate 1 :1 , α,β lactose octaisobutyrate, α,β maltose octapropionate,
β maltose octapropionate, α-D-glucosamine pentapropionate, α, β -D- glucosamine pentapropionate, β maltose octapropionate: a-D-glucosamine pentapropionate 1 :1 and a-D-glucosamine pentaisobutyrate were mixed with 20 wt % NMP or DMSO by heating to ~37°C, vortexing and ultrasonication. -50-60 uL of the resulting formulations were injected into PBS. With maltose octapropionate, glucosamine pentapropionate and lactose octaacetate alternative wt% of solvents were also tried (i.e. 25-40 wt% of the before mentioned solvents). In all cases, formation of an amorphous solid (gel) was seen. In case of α,β - maltose propionate and α,β-D-glucosamine
pentapropionate, injection into PBS and gel-formation are also successful when formulated with 35% and 20% propylene carbonate, respectively (examples shown in Figure 1 ). Pure a-D-Glucosamine esters and hydrophilic maltose ester analogues have a tendency to form hard amorphous solids with some crystallinity after injection into PBS - so although ~20wt% solvent is possible to inject with difficulty, gels of this type containing -25-35 wt% solvent are easier to handle. Although, pure acetylated esters such as lactose octaacetate are injectable in 20 wt% DMSO or 20 wt% propylene carbonate, this occurs with difficulty due to high viscosity of the resulting formulation - -30-40 wt% solvent (EtOH, DMSO/NMP or propylene carbonate) is more appropriate for forming injectable gels of pure acetyl esters.
Gels formulated with triglyceride:
-210 mg of α,β Lactose octaacetate: α,β Lactose octapropionate 1 :1 or α,β Lactose octaisobutyrate were mixed with 2, 5 or 10 wt% glycerol trioctanoate, 5% DMSO and EtOH was added to give 20wt % solvent in total for all formulations. In case of lactose octaisobutyrate, formulations containing 15 wt% glycerol trioctanoate and 5% DMSO, 30 wt% glycerol trioctanoate and 5% NMP/DMSO or 40 wt % glycerol trioctanoate alone were also made. The solutions were mixed by heating to ~37°C, vortexing and ultrasonication. -40- 60 uL of the resulting formulations were injected into PBS. In all cases, formation of an amorphous solid (gel) was seen. In case of pure triglyceride used as "solvent", the injected solid was very soft, transparant and could
easily be manipulated in shape by shaking the vial, even 24 h after injection (example shown in Figure 1 ).
Example III
In vitro release of fluorophores
The different carbohydrate esters synthesized as described in Example I, were used hereafter in the release experiments. All other chemicals used in the experiments were purchased from CCS Healthcare (absolute ethanol) and Sigma Aldrich (other chemicals) and were used as received from the manufacturer.
General experimental conditions: In vitro release kinetics of different compounds from carbohydrate ester formulations were examined after injection of small droplets of 75-80% gel forming carbohydrate, 0-5% additive (PLA PLGA) and 20% non-toxic water miscible solvent through 21 -25 G hyperdermic needles into PBS buffer (2 ml_). The experiments were kept at 37°C and small aliquots of PBS (10 uL) were removed at specific time intervals and replaced with fresh buffer. The amount of released fluorophore was determined by UV-vis spectroscopy on a Thermo Scientific Nano Drop 2000 C spectrophotometer using standard curves with known concentrations. Fluorophore: Isoniazide
-204 mg of lactose isobutyrate or lactose acetate:lactose propionate (1 :1 ) (80%) were mixed with 20% absolute EtOH and isoniazide (LogP~-0.8) to give concentrations of ~5 pg pL in the gel. 50 and 80 uL of the lactose acetate:lactose propionate 1 :1 gel and the lactose isobutyrate gel respectively were injected into PBS. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 263 nm (see Figure 2).
Fluorophore: Fluorescein free acid
-204 mg of lactose isobutyrate or~231 mg of lactose acetate:lactose propionate (1 :1 ) (80%) were mixed with 20% absolute EtOH and fluorescein free acid (LogP~1 .8) to give concentrations of ~1 .7 pg pL in the gel. 70 uL of each solution was injected into PBS. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 490 nm (see Figure 3).
Fluorophore: Eosin Y
-204 mg of lactose isobutyrate or lactose acetate: lactose propionate (1 :1 ) (80%) were mixed with 20% absolute EtOH and Eosin Y free acid (LogP~6.4) to give concentrations of -2.4 pg/pL in the gel. 50 and 80 uL of the lactose acetate:lactose propionate 1 :1 gel and the lactose isobutyrate gel respectively were injected into PBS. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 515 nm (see Figure 4).
Example IV
In vitro release of chemotherapeutics
The different carbohydrate esters synthesized as described in Example
I, were synthesized and used hereafter in the release experiments. All other chemicals used in the experiments were purchased from CCS Healthcare (absolute ethanol) and Sigma Aldrich (other chemicals) and were used as received from the manufacturer.
General experimental conditions: In vitro release kinetics of different compounds from carbohydrate ester formulations were examined after injection of small droplets of 75-80% gel forming carbohydrate, 0-30% additive (PLA PLGA/glycerol ester) and 20% non-toxic water miscible solvent through 21 -25 G hyperdermic needles into PBS buffer (2 mL). The
experiments were kept at 37°C and small aliquots of PBS (10 uL unless otherwise noted) were removed at specific time intervals and replaced with fresh buffer. All percentages given in gel-compositions are weight % (%w/w). The amount of released chemotherapeutics was determined by UV-vis spectroscopy on a Thermo Scientific Nano Drop 2000 C spectrophotometer using standard curves with known concentrations.
Chemotherapeutic: 5-fluorouracil
-220 mg of lactose isobutyrate or lactose acetate:lactose propionate (1 :1 ) (80%) were mixed with 20% DMSO containing 5-fluorouracil (5 FU) to give concentrations of -5 pg/pL in the gel. 50 uL of each solution was injected into PBS. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 265 nm (see Figure 5).
-210 mg of lactose propionate (80%) were mixed with different solvents (20% DMSO, 20% NMP, 5% DMSO and 15% absolute EtOH or 5% NMP and 15% absolute EtOH) containing 5 FU to give an average
concentration of ~5 pg pL in the gels. -40-70 uL of each solution was injected into PBS. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 265 nm (see Figure 6).
-224 mg of lactose propionate (75%) and 5 % of different additives (PLGA Mn 4000-15,000 or PLA Mn 10,000-18,000) were mixed with 5% DMSO and 15% EtOH containing 5 FU to give average concentrations of -5 pg pL in the gels. 80 uL of both gels were injected into PBS. The gel- formulation containing no PLA was formulated according to Figure 7 for 80% lactose propionate containing 15% EtOH and 5% DMSO, and 40 uL of the gel was injected into PBS. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 265 nm (see Figure 7).
-210 mg of trehalose isobutyrate, trehalose acetate:propionate 1 :1 ,
Raffinose isobutyrate and raffinose acetate:propionate 1 :1 were mixed with 15% EtOH and 5% DMSO containing 5 FU to give average concentrations of -3 pg pL in the gels. -70 uL of the formulations were injected into PBS.
Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 265 nm (Figure 8).
-170-210 mg of glucosamine isobutyrate, glucosamine propionate, maltose isobutyrate and maltose propionate were mixed with different solvents (20%) containing 5 FU. In case of the glucosamine esters, 20 % DMSO was used , while maltose isobutyrate and maltose propionate were mixed with 15% EtOH and 30% propylene carbonate respectively with 5% DMSO containing 5 FU to give average concentrations of -3 pg pL in the gels. -20-70 uL of the formulations were injected into PBS. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 265 nm (see Figure 9).
-300 mg of lactose isobutyrate (80%) or lactose acetate was mixed with 2, 5 or 10% glycerol trioctanoate, 5% DMSO (containing 5 FU) and EtOH to give a total of 20% solvent. This resulted in an average concentration of -10 pg pL 5 FU in the gels. -40-50 uL of the formulations were injected into PBS. Aliquots of 1 ml_ buffer were removed at specific time intervals and
replaced with clean buffer. Cunnulative release was measured by UV-vis at 265 nm (see Figure 10).
-300 mg of lactose isobutyrate (65%) was mixed with 30% glycerol trioctanoate and 5% DMSO or 5% NMP containing 5 FU. This resulted in average concentrations of -1 1 pg pL 5 FU in the gels. -50 uL of the formulations were injected into PBS. Aliquots of 1 ml_ buffer were removed at specific time intervals and replaced with clean buffer. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 265 nm (see Figure 1 1 ).
Chemotherapeutic: Gemcitabine HCI
-210 mg of lactose isobutyrate and -230 mg of lactose acetate:lactose propionate (1 :1 ) (80%) were mixed with 20% DMSO containing Gemcitabine HCI to give concentrations of -5.5 pg pL in the gels. 50 and 80 uL of the lactose acetate:lactose propionate 1 :1 gel and the lactose isobutyrate gel respectively were injected into PBS. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 268 nm (see Figure 12).
-210 mg of maltose isobutyrate and glucosamine isobutyrate (80%) were mixed with 15% EtOH and 15% DMSO respectively, then 5% DMSO containing Gemcitabine HCI was added to both to give concentrations of -1 .4 g L in the gels. - 70 uL of each gel was injected into PBS. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 268 nm (see Figure 13).
-210 mg of maltose isobutyrate and glucosamine isobutyrate were mixed with 20% DMSO, whereas -210 mg of maltose propionate was mixed with 35 % DMSO containing Gemcitabine HCI to give average concentrations of -2-3 pg pL in the gels. 50-60 uL of the formulations were injected into PBS. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 268 nm (see Figure 14 and 15).
Chemotherapeutic: Tirapazamine
-210 mg of lactose isobutyrate and of lactose acetate were formulated as follows: Lactose isobutyrate was mixed with either 15% EtOH or 15% glycerol trioctanoate, while lactose acetate was mixed with 30 % EtOH to form an injectable gel. All gels were mixed with an additional -5% DMSO containing tirapazamine (LogP~-0.06) to give concentrations of -1 pg pL in
the gels. -20-70 uL of the gels were injected into PBS. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 266 nm (see Figure 16).
Chemotherapeutic: Resiquimod
-300 mg of lactose acetate:propionate (1 :1 ) was mixed with 0, 2 or 5% glycerol trioctanoate, 5% propylene carbonate (containing resiquimod) and EtOH to give a total of 20% solvent. This resulted in an average concentration of -0.5 pg pL resiquimod in the gels. -50 uL of the formulations were injected into PBS. Aliquots of 1 mL buffer were removed at specific time intervals and replaced with clean buffer. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 249 nm (see Figure 17).
Chemotherapeutic: Resiquimod
-300 mg of lactose acetate:propionate (1 :1 ) was mixed with
Resiquimod in tBuOH and freeze-dried overnight (or until dry). Secondly, the carbohydrate-drug matrix was mixed with 0, 2, 5,10, or 15% glycerol trioctanoate, 10% propylene carbonate and 5, 8 o r 10% EtOH to give a total of 20-30% solvent. This resulted in an average concentration of -1 .78 pg pL Resiquimod in the gels. -50 uL of the formulations was injected into 2 mL PBS. Aliquots of 1 mL buffer were removed at specific time intervals and replaced with clean buffer. Cumulative release was measured by
fluorescence spectroscopy (excitation: 330 nm, emission: 355nm) (see Figure 31 a).
-300 mg of lactose acetate:propionate (1 :1 ) was mixed with
Resiquimod in tBuOH and freeze-dried overnight (or until dry). Secondly, the carbohydrate-drug matrix was mixed 2% PLGA 75:25 (Mw: 4.000-15.000 kDa) and with 0, 2, 5, 10, or 15% glycerol trioctanoate, 10% propylene carbonate and 5, 8, or 10% EtOH to give a total of 20-30% solvent. This resulted in an average concentration of -1 .78 pg pL Resiquimod in the gels. -50 uL of the formulations was injected into 2 mL PBS. Aliquots of 1 mL buffer were removed at specific time intervals and replaced with clean buffer. Cumulative release was measured by fluorescence spectroscopy (excitation: 330 nm, emission: 355nm) (see Figure 31 b).
Chemotherapeutic: Imiquimod
-300 mg of lactose acetate:propionate (1 :1 ) was mixed with Imiquimod in tBuOH and freeze-d ed overnight (or until dry). Secondly, the
carbohydrate-drug matrix was mixed with 0, 2, or 5% glycerol trioctanoate, 10% propylene carbonate and 5, 8 or 10% EtOH to give a total of 20% solvent. This resulted in an average concentration of -2.6 pg pL Imiquimod in the gels. -50 uL of the formulations was injected into 2 ml_ PBS. Aliquots of 1 ml_ buffer were removed at specific time intervals and replaced with clean buffer. Cumulative release was measured by fluorescence spectroscopy (excitation: 330 nm, emission: 355nm) (see Figure 31 c).
-300 mg of lactose acetate:propionate (1 :1 ) was mixed with Imiquimod in tBuOH and freeze-dhed overnight (or until dry). Secondly, the
carbohydrate-drug matrix was mixed 2% PLGA 75:25 (Mw 4.000-15.000 kDa) and with 0, 2, or 5% glycerol trioctanoate, 10% propylene carbonate and 5, 8 or 10% EtOH to give a total of 20-30% solvent. This resulted in an average concentration of -2.6 pg pL Imiquimod in the gels. -50 uL of the formulations was injected into 2 ml_ PBS. Aliquots of 1 ml_ buffer were removed at specific time intervals and replaced with clean buffer. Cumulative release was measured by fluorescence spectroscopy (excitation: 330 nm, emission:
355nm) (see Figure 31 d).
Gemcitabine release
-300 mg of lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 was mixed with 2, 5 or 10% glycerol trioctanoate, 5% DMSO (containing 5 FU) and EtOH to give a total of 20% solvent. This resulted in an average concentration of -9 pg pL 5 FU in the gels. -50 μΙ_ of the formulations were injected into PBS. Aliquots of 1 ml_ buffer were removed at specific time intervals and replaced with clean buffer. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 265 nm (see Figure 20)
Lomeguatrib release
-300 mg of lactose isobutyrate or lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 was mixed with a lomeguatrib solution (in tBuOH/water) and freeze-dhed overnight. The resultant carbohydrate-drug matrix was mixed with 40-50% triglyceride
(glycerol trioctanoate (GTO) or glycerol trihexanoate (GTH)) along with either 5% EtOH or 0.25% cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB, Mn~12000). This
resulted in an average concentration of -72 pg pL lomeguatrib in the gels. -50 μΙ_ of the formulations were injected into PBS. Aliquots of 1 ml_ buffer were removed at specific time intervals and replaced with clean buffer.
Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 249 nm (see Figure 21 ). Tirapazamine release
-300 mg of lactose isobutyrate or lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 was mixed with a tirapazamine solution (in tBuOH/water) and freeze-dried overnight. The resultant carbohydrate-drug matrix was mixed with 10-50% triglyceride (glycerol trioctanoate (GTO) or glycerol trihexanoate (GTH)) tuning the formulations with 5-15% propylene carbonate or 1 -0.25% cellulose acetate butyrate (Mn~12000). This resulted in an average concentration of -35 pg pL tirapazamine in the gels. -50 μΙ_ of the formulations were injected into PBS. Aliquots of 1 ml_ buffer were removed at specific time intervals and replaced with clean buffer. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 266nm (see Figure 22 a and b).
Temozolomide release
-300 mg of lactose isobutyrate or lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 was mixed with a temozolomide solution (in tBuOH/water) and freeze-dried overnight. The resultant carbohydrate-drug matrix was mixed with 40-50% triglyceride (glycerol trioctanoate (GTO) or glycerol trihexanoate (GTH)) tuning the formulations with 5-10% propylene carbonate/ethanol or 1 -0.25% cellulose acetate butyrate (Mn~12.000). This resulted in an average concentration of -15 pg pL temozolomide in the gels. -50 μΙ_ of the formulations were injected into NaOAc/AcOH buffer. Aliquots of 1 ml_ buffer were removed at specific time intervals and replaced with clean buffer. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 330nm (see Figure 23).
Methotrexate release
-300 mg of lactose isobutyrate or lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 was mixed with a methotrexate solution (in tBuOH/water) and freeze-dried overnight. The resultant carbohydrate-drug matrix was mixed with 10-30% triglyceride
(glycerol trioleate) tuning the formulations with 15-25% propylene carbonate in order to obtain the right viscosity for injectability. This resulted in an
average concentration of -32 pg/pL methotrexate in the gels. -50 μΙ_ of the formulations were injected into PBS. Aliquots of 1 mL buffer were removed at specific time intervals and replaced with clean buffer. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 372 nm (see Figure 24).
5 FU release
-400 mg of lactose isobutyrate or lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 was mixed with a 5 FU solution (in tBuOH/water) and freeze-dried overnight. The resultant carbohydrate-drug matrix was mixed with 40-50% triglyceride (glycerol trioctanoate (GTO) or glycerol trihexanoate (GTH)) tuning the formulations with 5-10% propylene carbonate/ethanol or 1 -0.25% cellulose acetate butyrate (Mn -12.000). This resulted in an average concentration of -30 pg/pL 5 FU in the gels. -50 μΙ_ of the formulations were injected into PBS. Aliquots of 1 mL buffer were removed at specific time intervals and replaced with clean buffer. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 265 nm (see Figure 25 a and b).
-400 mg of lactose isobutyrate or lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 was mixed with a 5 FU solution (in tBuOH/water) and freeze-dried overnight. The resultant carbohydrate-drug matrix was mixed with a) 10-50% triglyceride (glycerol trioctanoate (GTO) or glycerol trihexanoate (GTH)) tuning the formulations with 5-10% propylene carbonate/ethanol or 2-0.25% cellulose acetate butyrate (Mn -12.000) or b) 20-30% propylene carbonate or ethanol, in case of EtOH with or without 2% PLGA (Mw 4000-15000) . This resulted in an average concentration of -48 pg/pL 5 FU in the gels. -50 μί of the formulations were injected into PBS. Aliquots of 1 mL buffer were removed at specific time intervals and replaced with clean buffer. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 265 nm (see Figure 26a, b, c and d).
-400 mg of lactose isobutyrate or lactose acetate:propionate 1 :1 was mixed with a 5 FU solution (in tBuOH/water) and freeze-dried overnight. The resultant carbohydrate-drug matrix was mixed with a) 10-50% triglyceride (glycerol trioctanoate (GTO) or glycerol trihexanoate (GTH)) tuning the formulations with 5-10% propylene carbonate/ethanol or 2-0.25% cellulose acetate butyrate (Mn -12.000) or b) 20-30% propylene carbonate or ethanol,
in case of EtOH with or without 2% PLGA (Mw 4000-15000) . This resulted in an average concentration of -48 pg pL 5 FU in the gels. -50 μΙ_ of the formulations were injected into PBS. Aliquots of 1 mL buffer were removed at specific time intervals and replaced with clean buffer. Cumulative release was measured by UV-vis at 265 nm (Figure 28 a, b and c).
Example V
In vivo gel stability evaluation
Formulations of lactose isobutyrate:X-SAIB (contrast agent): EtOH and DMSO with composition of 1 )75:5:15:5, 2) 77,5:5:12,5:5 and 2) 80:5:10:5 were prepared along with formulations of lactose acetate:propionate(1 :1 ) :X- SAIB(contrast agent): EtOH and DMSO in 75:5:15:5 ratio. All of the gel formulations were prepared with ~0.7%o of Hoechst 33342, as model of a DNA binding drug. 25-30 uL of each gel was injected into FaDu Head and Neck xenografts grown on the flank of NMRI nude mice (groups of 4-8 mice were injected with each formulation). Release and gel-stability was monitored for a maximum of 5-6 days. 2-3 mice were sacrificed at predetermined times (day 1 , middle of the experimental period and at the end of the experimental period). The tumors were excised and snap-frozen with liquid N2 to preserve the tumor tissue for histological examination. Stability of the radiopaque gel- depots was evaluated by micro-CT imaging (see Figure 18). Only the lactose isobutyrate gel was subjected to X-rays, to evaluate the effect of radiation on gel-stability. Neither radiation nor the biological conditions in the tumor tissue seemed to significantly affect the gel stability, as the shape and size stayed relatively uniform over time. Diffusion of Hoechst was evaluated by
fluorescent imaging of the tumor cryo-sections (see Figure 19). Imaging confirmed release of Hoechst into the tumors, and showed distribution of the fluorophore across most of the tumor area over a period of 6 days.
Example VI
In vivo gel efficacy evaluation
Combination with Radiation Therapy
Lactose isobutyrate:GTO with composition 60:40 w/w% was prepared
with 22,4 pg pL 5-fluoruracil. 25 μΙ_ gel (5-flouruacil dose per mouse: 20 mg/kg) was injected intratumoral into Fadu Head and Neck xenograft tumors (average tumor size: 150-200 mm3) subcutaneously grown on the flank of nude NMRI mice, at a flow rate of 5 μΙ/minute. On day 1 after gel injection, the tumors were subjected to radiation therapy (4 times 5 Gy on day 1 , 4, 7 and 10). Each group consisted of 7-8 mice and the tumor growth progression was monitored 3 times. The mice were euthanized once their tumors had exceeded 1000 mm3. During the same period, weight of individual mice was monitored to observe the safety profile.
Claims
Claims
1 . A composition for use as controlled release of at least one active
pharmaceutical ingredient that modulates an immunogenic response in a human or animal body, said composition comprising non-water soluble carbohydrates and wherein the composition is a liquid before administration into the human or animal body and increases in viscosity by more than 1 ,000 centipoise (cP) after administration.
2. The composition for use according to claim 1 , wherein the composition is a liquid before administration into the human or animal body that increases in viscosity by more than 10,000 centipoise (cP) after administration into the human or animal body.
3. The composition for use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the
composition is a liquid before administration and becomes a gel-like material or solid material, such as an crystalline solid or an amorphous solid, after administration.
4. The composition for use according to any of claims 1 -3, wherein an increase in viscosity after administration into the human or animal body is due to diffusion of a molecule out of the administered material and into surrounding tissue.
5. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein an increase in viscosity after administration into the human or animal body is due to diffusion of solvent-like molecules.
6. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein at least 50% of the non-water soluble carbohydrates are selected from derivatives of glucose, galactose, mannose, lactose,
maltose, trehalose, raffinose, glucosamine, galactosamine, and lactoseamine.
The composition for use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient is an immune-modulating compound which is a ligand for intracellular proteins and/or receptors; or a ligand for cell surface proteins and/or receptors.
8. The composition for use according to claim 7, wherein said intracellular proteins and/or receptors are selected from the group consisting of NOD-like receptor (NLR) family and the subfamilies NLRA, NLRB, NLRC, NLRP, NODs, NALP, IPAF, HLA complexes, RIG-l-like receptors, cytokine receptors, interleukin receptors, CD proteins, CTLA proteins, PD1 , T Cell receptor, B cell receptor, and theToll-like-receptor (TLR) family; TLR1 , TLR2 TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, TLR10, TLR1 1 , TLR12, TLR13. 9. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the active pharmaceutical ingredient elicit immunogenicity that is a humoral and/or cell-mediated immune response.
10. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient is an immuno stimulating compound selected from the group consisting of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly l:C), Polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid (poly A:U), poly l:C-poly-L-lysine (poly-ICLC), poly-ICR, CL264, /V- palmitoyl-S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2R,S)-propyl]- (R)-cysteine- (S)serine-(S)lysine 4 (Pam3Cys), Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and other lipopolysaccharides, alpha-galactosylceramide, Propirimine, Imiquimod (R837), resiquimod (R848), TMX-101 , TMX- 201 , TMX-202,
Gardiquimod, R850 (3M Pharma), R851 (3M Pharma), 852A (3M Pharma), S-27610, 3M-002 (CL075), 3M-003, 3M-005, 3M-006, 3M- 007, 3M-012, 3M-13, 3M-031 ,3M-854 (3M Pharma), CL097, CL264, IC-31 , Loxoribine and other imidazoquinolines, ssPolyU, sotirimod (3M Pharma), Isatoribine (Anadys), ANA975 (Anadys/Novartis), SM360320 (Sumitomo), R1354 (Coley Pharmaceuticals) single stranded or double stranded RNA, ORN 02 (5'-UUAUUAUUAUUAUUAUUAUU-3'), ORN 06 5'-UUGUUGUUGUUGUUGUUGUU-3', CpG-ODN DSLIM
(Mologen), AVE 0675 (Coley Pharmaceuticals), CpG B
oligodeoxynudeotide (ODN) 1018 (Dynavax Technologies ), AZD 1419 (Dynavax), ODN 1982, CpG B ODN 2006 (Coley Pharmaceuticals), IMO 2125 (Idera Pharma), CpG A ODN 2216, CpG A ODN 2336, CpG 2395, CpG ODN 7909 (Coley Pharmaceuticals), CpG 10101 (Coley Pharmaceuticals), CpG ODN AVE0675 (Coley Pharmaceuticals), CpG ODN HYB2093 (Idera Pharmaceuticals/Novartis), CpG ODN HYB2055 (Idera Pharmaceuticals), CpG-ODN IMO-2125 (Idera
Pharmaceuticals), CpG C ODN M362, Tolamba (Amb a1 ragweed allergen with covalently linked CpG B class ODN 1018)(Dynavax Technologies), Heplisav (Dynavax Technologies), 10181 SS (Dynavax Technologies), IM02055 (Idera Pharmaceuticals), IRS954 (Dynavax Technologies), (flagellin, muramyl dipeptide, saponins such as QS21 , Leishmania elongation factor, SB-AS4, threonyl-muramyl dipeptide, L18-MDP, mifamurtid, and OM-174. The composition for use according to any of the preceding
claims,wherein said at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient is an immuno suppressive compound comprising a steroid selected from the group consisting of 21 -Acetoxyprefnenolone, Aalclometasone,
Algestone, Amicinonide, Beclomethasone, Betamethasone,
Betamethasone dipropionate, Betamethasone hemisuccinate,
Budesonide, Chloroprednisone, Clobetasol, Blovetasone,
Clocortolone, Cloprednol, Corticosterone, Cortisone, Cortivazol,
Deflazacort, Desonide, Desoximethasone, dexamethason,
Dexamethasone palmitate, Dexamethasone phosphate, Diflorasone, Diflucortolone, Difluprednate, Enoxolone, Fluazacort, Flucloronide, Flumethasone, Flunisolide, Fluocinolone Acetonide, Fludrocortisone, Fluocinonide, Fluocortin Butyl, Fluocortolone, Fluorometholone,
Fluperolone, Fluprednidine, Fluprednisolone, Flurandrenolide,
Formocortal, Halcinonide, Glucocorticoids, Halomethasone,
Halopredone, Hydrocortamate, Hydrocortisone, Limethasone,
Mazipredone, Medrysone, Meprednisone, Methyolprednisolone, Methyolprednisolone hemisuccinate, Mometasone Furoate,
Paramethasone, Prednicarbate, Prednisolone, Prednisolone palmitate, Prednisolone phosphate, Prednisone, Prednival, Prednylidene, Tixocortal, and Triamcinolone. 12. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient is an immuno suppressive compound comprising a small molecule inhibitor acting on intracellular targets selected from the group consisting of c- Fms, PDGFRD , Abl, PDGFRD , NFkB, IkB, JAK1 , JAK2, JAK3, GSK3, p38 MAPK, JNK, KIT, EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB4, VEGFR1 , VEGFR2,
VEGFR3, FLT3, PKCD , RAF1 , CDK1 , CDK2, CDK4, NLRP3, IRF3, STAT1 , STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5, STAT6, Hsp90, Hsp70, PI3K, mTOR, AKT, DNA-PK, ATM, AMPK, PDK-1 , S6 kinase, RIP2, TRIF, MYD88, TAK1 .
13. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient is an immuno suppressive compound comprising a small molecule inhibitor acting on intracellular targets selected from the group consisting of indomethacin, CLI-095 (C15H17CIFNO4S, CAS#243984-1 1 -4),
Bay1 1 -7082 (C10H9NO2S, CAS#19542-67-7), Triptolide (PG 490), CGP53716, SU9518, PD166326, Celastrol, Tripterin, BIRB-796
(Doramapimod), SB 203580, SB202190, VX-702, NVP-BEZ235, GDC- 0980 (RG7422), Ridaforolimus (Deforolimus, AP23573), Nilotinib (Tasigna,AMN107), Sorafenib tosylate (Nexavar), Dasatinib (Sprycel, BMS-354825), MLN518 (CT53518), Vatalanib (PTK787 / ZK222584), OSI-930, AZD2171 , Pazopanib (Votrient), IPI-504 (retaspimycin), Deforolimus (Ridaforolimus), GDC-0980 (RG7422, C23H30N8O3S, CAS#1032754-93-0), Palomid 529 (C2 H22O6 CAS#914913-88-5), Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec/Glivec), Everolimus (Afinitor, RAD001 ), Sirolimus (Rapamune, rapamycin), Temsirolimus (Torisel, CCI-779), Bortezomib (Velcade), Gefitinib (Iressa), Canertinib (CI-1033, CAS# 267243-28-7, C24H25CIFN5O3), Erlotinib hydrochloride (Tarceva), Pelitinib (EKB-569) (C2 H23CIFN5O2, CAS#257933-82-7), Vandetanib (Zactima, ZD6474, C22H2 BrFN4O2, CAS No.: 443913-73-3), Sunitinib (Sutent, SU-11248, C22H27FN4O2.C4H6O5, CAS No.: 341031 -54-7), Tandutinib (MLN518), C3i H42N6O4, CAS No.: 387867-13-2, Roscovitine (Seliciclib), Ci9H26N6O, CAS No.: 186692-46-6.
14. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient is an anti- infectious compound selected from the group consisting of Rifampicin dideoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate, Clarithromycin, acyclovir,
ciprofloxacin, fusidin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, levofloxacin, oxytetracyclin, tobramycin, natriumcromoglicat, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin. Pivampicillin, Ertapenem, Meropenem, Doripenem, Cefotaxim, Ceftazidim, Ciprofloxacin, Valaciclovir, efavirenz, emtricitabin, tenofovirdisoproxil, Rilpivirine, penicillin, Trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole, rifampicin, etambutol, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, voriconazole, amphotericin B, caspofungin, flucytosine, itraconazole, doxycyclin, sulfonamides, and sulfamethoxazole.
15. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient is an immunomodulating compound selected from the group consisting of thalidomide, lenalidomide and pomalidomide, sargramostim, IL-2, interferon-alfa, alemtuzumab, bevacizumab, brentuximab vedotin, cetuximab, gemtuzumab, ozogamicin, ibritumomab, tiuxetan, ipilimumab, ofatumumab, panitumumab, rituximab, tositumomab, trastuzumab, loxoribine, bropirimine, pomalidomide, sargramostim
16. The composition for use according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one antigen.
17. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims,
wherein at least 50% of the non-water soluble carbohydrates are disaccharides with at least two pyranose saccharide units, or mixtures thereof.
18. The composition for use according to claim 17, wherein the non-water soluble carbohydrates are disaccharides with structures selected from
wherein Ri, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs in formulae I, II and III are selected collectively from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl- substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl; or wherein Ri, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl-substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-
substituted alkanoyl, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl;
or wherein all groups of Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl; or wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and Rs are independently selected from the group consisting acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl;
and wherein both pure anomers and mixtures of a- and β- anomers of the above mentioned structural variations are claimed. 19. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims,
wherein at least 50% of the non-water soluble carbohydrates are trisaccharides, or mixtures thereof.
20. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims,
wherein the non-water soluble carbohydrates are trisaccharides with structures selected from:
wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10 and Rn in formulae IV are selected collectively from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyl, hydroxyl-substituted alkanoyl, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyl, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl; or wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10 and Rn are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyl, hydroxyl-substituted alkanoyl, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyl, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl;
wherein all groups of Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rs, R9, R10 and Rn are selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl, isobutyryl or
propionyl; or wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Re, R9, R10 and Rn are independently selected from the group consisting acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl;
and wherein both pure anomers and mixtures of a- and β- anomers of the above mentioned structural variations are claimed.
21 .The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein at least 50% of the non-water soluble carbohydrates are oligosaccharides or a mixture of oligosaccharides with at least 4 monosaccharide units linked together.
22. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims,
wherein at least 50% of the non-water soluble carbohydrates are mono- or oligosaccharides containing at least one amino sugar unit.
23. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims,
wherein the non-water soluble carbohydrates are amino sugars selected from compounds with the structure:
wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4 and R5 in formulae V are selected collectively from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl-substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl; or wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkanoyi, hydroxyl-substituted alkanoyi, and acyloxy-substituted alkanoyi, alkanyl, hydroxysubstituted alkanyl and acyloxy substituted alkanyl, mono- di-, tri- or tetra-saccharide derivatives;
wherein all groups of Ri , R2, R3, R4 and R5 are selected collectively from the group consisting of acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl; or wherein Ri , R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently selected from the group
consisting acetyl, isobutyryl or propionyl;
and wherein both pure anomers and mixtures of anomers such as a- and β- anomer centres of the above mentioned structural variations are claimed.
24. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the release of one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients is controlled by mixing carbohydrates with different hydrophobicity by alteration of the substitutions on the carbohydrate hydroxyl groups.
25. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition also comprises a molecule that increase gel stability in the human or animal body, such as an interfacially active molecule, such as an amphiphilic molecule, such as an emulsifier.
26. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims,
wherein the composition comprises contrast agents that makes the composition visible by PET imaging, SPECT imaging, Ultrasound imaging, CT imaging, x-ray imaging, fluoroscopy imaging, fluorescence imaging, or OCT imaging.
27. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims,
wherein the active pharmaceutical ingredient is formulated in a nanoparticle or microsphere that is dispersed in the composition.
28. The composition for use according to any of claims, in combination with radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), hyperthermia based treatments such as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA), laser-therapy, or laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT).
29. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, which is administered to the human or animal body through a syringe, an endoscope or a bronchoscope to the target tissue preferably wherein the composition after insertion into the human or animal body constitutes a medical or surgical implant for tissue or surgical adhesion which preferably is wound dressing, a hemostat, enhances tissue regeneration, or is a void filler.
30. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises organic radioisotopes or inorganic radionuclides for use as internal radiotherapy such as brachytherapy or in imaging of tissue in humans or animals.
31 .A medical or surgical implant comprising the composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is part of a sprayable composition.
32. Use of a composition according to any of claims 1 -30, for injecting into tumor tissue.
33. Use of a composition according to any of claims 1 -30, in combination with external beam radiotherapy.
34. Method for local administration of composition for use according to any of claims 1 -30, wherein the active pharmaceutical ingredient is released specifically into tissue in need thereof, preferably tumor tissue.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE1451413-7 | 2014-11-21 | ||
SE1451413 | 2014-11-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2016079332A1 true WO2016079332A1 (en) | 2016-05-26 |
Family
ID=54703956
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2015/077285 WO2016079332A1 (en) | 2014-11-21 | 2015-11-20 | Gel formulations for improving immunotherapy |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
WO (1) | WO2016079332A1 (en) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106924265A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-07-07 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Application of the Celastrol in the medicine for preparing treatment cholestatic liver disease |
WO2017198858A1 (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2017-11-23 | Technical University Of Denmark | Palpable marker composition |
US10441584B2 (en) | 2016-11-23 | 2019-10-15 | Novartis Ag | Methods of enhancing immune response |
WO2019243422A1 (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2019-12-26 | Danmarks Tekniske Universitet | Solution comprising fluorescent dye as fiducial marker |
US10576076B2 (en) | 2015-05-20 | 2020-03-03 | Novartis Ag | Pharmaceutical combination of everolimus with dactolisib |
US10610280B1 (en) | 2019-02-02 | 2020-04-07 | Ayad K. M. Agha | Surgical method and apparatus for destruction and removal of intraperitoneal, visceral, and subcutaneous fat |
CN111228215A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-05 | 王岩松 | Preparation method of self-assembled imageable silk fibroin hydrogel |
WO2020141225A1 (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2020-07-09 | Ascendis Pharma A/S | Minimization of systemic inflammation |
WO2020249801A1 (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-12-17 | Technical University Of Denmark | Dissacharide formulations for controlled drug release |
WO2021056815A1 (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2021-04-01 | 苏州百迈生物医药有限公司 | Chemotherapeutic immune drug composition and preparation method thereof |
CN113242734A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2021-08-10 | 艾葳生物科技有限公司 | Pharmaceutical biosoluble gels for drug delivery |
US11331396B2 (en) | 2017-05-24 | 2022-05-17 | Technical University Of Denmark | Development of injectable fiducial markers for image guided radiotherapy with dual MRI and CT visibility |
EP4282448A1 (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2023-11-29 | Danmarks Tekniske Universitet | Porous expanding biocompatible scaffolds |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999033853A2 (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 1999-07-08 | Quadrant Holdings Cambridge Limited | Carbohydrates, useful in solid delivery systems |
US20040101557A1 (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 2004-05-27 | Gibson John W. | High viscosity liquid controlled delivery system and medical or surgical device |
WO2005089670A1 (en) * | 2004-03-15 | 2005-09-29 | Durect Corporation | Pharmaceutical compositions for administration to a sinus |
US20090297533A1 (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2009-12-03 | Otonomy, Inc. | Controlled release immunomodulator compositions and methods for the treatment of otic disorders |
-
2015
- 2015-11-20 WO PCT/EP2015/077285 patent/WO2016079332A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040101557A1 (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 2004-05-27 | Gibson John W. | High viscosity liquid controlled delivery system and medical or surgical device |
WO1999033853A2 (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 1999-07-08 | Quadrant Holdings Cambridge Limited | Carbohydrates, useful in solid delivery systems |
WO2005089670A1 (en) * | 2004-03-15 | 2005-09-29 | Durect Corporation | Pharmaceutical compositions for administration to a sinus |
US20090297533A1 (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2009-12-03 | Otonomy, Inc. | Controlled release immunomodulator compositions and methods for the treatment of otic disorders |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
RASMUS I. JØLCK ET AL: "Injectable Colloidal Gold in a Sucrose Acetate Isobutyrate Gelating Matrix with Potential Use in Radiation Therapy", ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS, vol. 3, no. 10, 1 October 2014 (2014-10-01), DE, pages 1680 - 1687, XP055241910, ISSN: 2192-2640, DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300668 * |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10576076B2 (en) | 2015-05-20 | 2020-03-03 | Novartis Ag | Pharmaceutical combination of everolimus with dactolisib |
US11058780B2 (en) | 2016-05-20 | 2021-07-13 | Technical University Of Denmark | Palpable marker composition |
WO2017198858A1 (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2017-11-23 | Technical University Of Denmark | Palpable marker composition |
AU2017266410B2 (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2022-07-14 | Nanovi Radiotherapy Aps | Palpable marker composition |
US10441584B2 (en) | 2016-11-23 | 2019-10-15 | Novartis Ag | Methods of enhancing immune response |
US11045463B2 (en) | 2016-11-23 | 2021-06-29 | Novartis Ag | Methods of enhancing immune response |
US10993940B2 (en) | 2016-11-23 | 2021-05-04 | Novartis Ag | Methods of enhancing immune response |
CN106924265A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-07-07 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Application of the Celastrol in the medicine for preparing treatment cholestatic liver disease |
CN106924265B (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2020-10-27 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Application of tripterine in preparation of medicine for treating cholestatic liver disease |
US11331396B2 (en) | 2017-05-24 | 2022-05-17 | Technical University Of Denmark | Development of injectable fiducial markers for image guided radiotherapy with dual MRI and CT visibility |
CN112638429A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2021-04-09 | 丹麦技术大学 | Solution containing fluorescent dye as fiducial marker |
WO2019243422A1 (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2019-12-26 | Danmarks Tekniske Universitet | Solution comprising fluorescent dye as fiducial marker |
CN113242734A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2021-08-10 | 艾葳生物科技有限公司 | Pharmaceutical biosoluble gels for drug delivery |
WO2020141225A1 (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2020-07-09 | Ascendis Pharma A/S | Minimization of systemic inflammation |
US10610280B1 (en) | 2019-02-02 | 2020-04-07 | Ayad K. M. Agha | Surgical method and apparatus for destruction and removal of intraperitoneal, visceral, and subcutaneous fat |
WO2020249801A1 (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-12-17 | Technical University Of Denmark | Dissacharide formulations for controlled drug release |
WO2021056815A1 (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2021-04-01 | 苏州百迈生物医药有限公司 | Chemotherapeutic immune drug composition and preparation method thereof |
CN111228215A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-05 | 王岩松 | Preparation method of self-assembled imageable silk fibroin hydrogel |
EP4282448A1 (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2023-11-29 | Danmarks Tekniske Universitet | Porous expanding biocompatible scaffolds |
WO2023227518A1 (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2023-11-30 | Danmarks Tekniske Universitet | Porous expanding biocompatible scaffolds |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20210386669A1 (en) | Gel formulations for local drug release | |
WO2016079332A1 (en) | Gel formulations for improving immunotherapy | |
ES2828752T3 (en) | Gel formulations to guide radiation therapy | |
WO2016079331A1 (en) | Gel formulations for enhancing the effect of radiotherapy | |
US11160883B2 (en) | Echolucent implant composition and methods | |
JP7086863B2 (en) | Palpable marker composition | |
Andresen et al. | Gel formulations for enhancing the effect of radiotherapy | |
US20220339285A1 (en) | Dissacharide formulations for controlled drug release | |
NZ714077B2 (en) | Gel formulations for guiding radiotherapy |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 15800767 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 15800767 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |