Method of treating IBD/Crohn's disease and related conditions wherein drug ...

1. A method of optimizing therapeutic efficacy for treatment of an immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder, comprising:

(a) administering a drug providing 6-thioguanine to a subject having said immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder; and

(b) determining the level of 6-thioguanine in said subject having said immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder,

wherein the level of 6-thioguanine less than about 230 pmol per 8108 red blood cells indicates a need to increase the amount of said drug subsequently administered to said subject and

wherein the level of 6-thioguanine greater than about 400 pmol per 8108 red blood cells indicates a need to decrease the amount of said drug subsequently administered to said subject.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

3. The method of claim 2, wherein said subject having IBD is a pediatric subject.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein said immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder is selected from the group consisting of lymphocytic colitis, microscopic colitis, collagenous colitis, autoimmune enteropathy, allergic gastrointestinal disease and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein said level of 6-thioguanine is determined in red blood cells.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein said level is determined using high pressure liquid chromatography.

7. A method of reducing toxicity associated with treatment of an immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder, comprising:

(a) administering a drug providing 6-thioguanine to a subject having said immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder;

(b) determining the level of 6-thioguanine in said subject having said immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder; and

(c) determining the level of 6-methyl-mercaptopurine in said subject having said immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder,

wherein the level of 6-thioguanine greater than about 400 pmol per 8108 red blood cells or the level of 6-methyl-mercaptopurine greater than about 7000 pmol per 8108 red blood cells indicates a need to decrease the amount of said drug subsequently administered to said subject.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein said immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder is IBD.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein said subject having IBD is a pediatric subject.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein said immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder is selected from the group consisting of lymphocytic colitis, microscopic colitis, collagenous colitis, autoimmune enteropathy, allergic gastrointestinal disease and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease.

11. The method of claim 7, wherein said toxicity associated with said drug treatment is hematologic toxicity.

12. The method of claim 7, wherein said toxicity associated with said drug treatment is hepatic toxicity.

13. The method of claim 7, wherein said level of 6-thioguanine and said level of 6-methyl-mercaptopurine each is determined in red blood cells.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein said level is determined using high pressure liquid chromatography.

15. A method of optimizing therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxicity associated with treatment of an immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder, comprising:

(a) administering a drug providing 6-thioguanine to a subject having said immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder;

(b) determining the level of 6-thioguanine in said subject having said immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder; and

(c) determining the level of 6-methyl-mercaptopurine in said subject having said immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder,

wherein the level of 6-thioguanine less than about 230 pmol per 8108 red blood cells indicates a need to increase the amount of said drug subsequently administered to said subject,

wherein the level of 6-thioguanine greater than about 400 pmol per 8108 red blood cells indicates a need to decrease the amount of said drug subsequently administered to said subject, and

wherein the level of 6-methyl-mercaptopurine greater than about 7000 pmol per 8108 red blood cells indicates a need to decrease the amount of said drug subsequently administered to said subject.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein said immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder is IBD.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein said subject having IBD is a pediatric subject.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein said immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder is selected from the group consisting of lymphocytic colitis, microscopic colitis, collagenous colitis, autoimmune enteropathy, allergic gastrointestinal disease and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease.

19. The method of claim 15, wherein said level of 6-thioguanine and said level of 6-methyl-mercaptopurine each is determined in red blood cells.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein said level is determined using high pressure liquid chromatography.

21. The method of claim 15, wherein said toxicity associated with said drug treatment is selected from the group consisting of hepatic toxicity and hematologic toxicity.

22. A method of optimizing therapeutic efficacy of treatment of a non-IBD autoimmune disease, comprising:

(a) administering a drug providing 6-thioguanine to a subject having said non-IBD autoimmune disease; and

(b) determining the level of 6-thioguanine in said subject having said non-IBD autoimmune disease,

wherein the level of 6-thioguanine less than about 230 pmol per 8108 red blood cells indicates a need to increase the amount of 6-mercaptopurine drug subsequently administered to said subject and

wherein the level of 6-thioguanine greater than about 400 pmol per 8108 red blood cells indicates a need to decrease the amount of 6-mercaptopurine drug subsequently administered to said subject.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein said level of 6-thioguanine metabolite is determined in red blood cells.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein said level is determined using high pressure liquid chromatography.

25. A method of optimizing therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxicity associated with treatment of an immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder, comprising:

(a) administering a drug providing 6-thioguanine to a subject having said immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder;

(b) determining the level of 6-thioguanine in said subject having said immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder; and

(c) determining the level of 6-methyl-mercaptopurine in said subject having said immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder,

wherein the level of 6-thioguanine less than about 230 pmol per 8108 red blood cells indicates a need to increase the amount of said drug subsequently administered to said subject, and

wherein the level of 6-thioguanine greater than about 400 pmol per 8108 red blood cells or a level of 6-methyl-mercaptopurine greater than about 7000 pmol per 8108 red blood cells indicates a need to decrease the amount of said drug subsequently administered to said subject.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein said immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder is IBD.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein said subject having IBD is a pediatric subject.

28. The method of claim 25, wherein said immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder is selected from the group consisting of lymphocytic colitis, microscopic colitis, collagenous colitis, autoimmune enteropathy, allergic gastrointestinal disease and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease.

29. The method of claim 25, wherein said level of 6-thioguanine and said level of 6-methyl-mercaptopurine each is determined in red blood cells.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein said level is determined using high pressure liquid chromatography.

31. The method of claim 25, wherein said toxicity associated with said drug treatment is selected from the group consisting of hepatic toxicity and hematologic toxicity.

32. The method of claim 1, wherein said drug is selected from the group consisting of 6-mercaptopurine, azathioprine, 6-thioguanine, and 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside.

33. The method of claim 7, wherein said drug is selected from the group consisting of 6-mercaptopurine, azathioprine, 6-thioguanine, and 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside.

34. The method of claim 15, wherein said drug is selected from the group consisting of 6-mercaptopurine, azathioprine, 6-thioguanine, and 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside.

35. The method of claim 22, wherein said drug is selected from the group consisting of 6-mercaptopurine, azathioprine, 6-thioguanine, and 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside.

36. The method of claim 25, wherein said drug is selected from the group consisting of 6-mercaptopurine, azathioprine, 6-thioguanine, and 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside.

37. A method of optimizing therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxicity associated with treatment of an immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder, comprising:

(a) administering a drug selected from the group consisting of 6-mercaptopurine, azathioprine, 6-thioguanine, and 6-methylmercaptoriboside to a subject having said immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder; and

(b) determining the level of 6-thioguanine or 6-methyl-mercaptopurine in said subject having said immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder;

wherein the level of 6-thioguanine less than about 230 pmol per 8108 red blood cells indicates a need to increase the amount of said drug subsequently administered to said subject, and

wherein the level of 6-thioguanine greater than about 400 pmol per 8108 red blood cells or a level of 6-methyl-mercaptopurine greater than about 7000 pmol per 8108 red blood cells indicates a need to decrease the amount of said drug subsequently administered to said subject.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein said drug is 6-mercaptopurine.

39. The method of claim 37, wherein said drug is azathioprine.

40. The method of claim 37, wherein said immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

41. The method of claim 40, wherein said subject having IBD is a pediatric subject.

42. The method of claim 37, wherein said immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder is selected from the group consisting of lymphocytic colitis, microscopic colitis, collagenous colitis, autoimmune enteropathy, allergic gastrointestinal disease and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease.

43. The method of claim 37, wherein said level of 6-thioguanine and said level of 6-methyl-mercaptopurine each is determined in red blood cells.

44. The method of claim 43, wherein said level is determined using high pressure liquid chromatography.

45. The method of claim 37, wherein said toxicity associated with said drug treatment is selected from the group consisting of hepatic toxicity and hematologic toxicity.

46. A method of optimizing therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxicity associated with treatment of an immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder, comprising:

(a) determining the level of 6-thioguanine or 6-methyl-mercaptopurine in a subject administered a drug selected from the group consisting of 6-mercaptopurine, azathioprine, 6-thioguanine, and 6-methylmercaptoriboside, said subject having said immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder;

wherein the level of 6-thioguanine less than about 230 pmol per 8108 red blood cells indicates a need to increase the, amount of said drug subsequently administered to said subject, and

wherein the level of 6-thioguanine greater than about 400 pmol per 8108 red blood cells or a level of 6-methyl-mercaptopurine greater than about 7000 pmol per 8108 red blood cells indicates a need to decrease the amount of said drug subsequently administered to said subject.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein said drug is 6-mercaptopurine.

48. The method of claim 46, wherein said drug is azathioprine.

49. The method of claim 46, wherein said immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder is IBD.

50. The method of claim 47, wherein said subject having IBD is a pediatric subject.

51. The method of claim 46, wherein said immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder is selected from the group consisting of lymphocytic colitis, microscopic colitis, collagenous colitis, autoimmune enteropathy, allergic gastrointestinal disease and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease.

52. The method of claim 46, wherein said level of 6-thioguanine and said level of 6-methyl-mercaptopurine each is determined in red blood cells.

53. The method of claim 52, wherein said level is determined using high pressure liquid chromatography.

54. The method of claim 46, wherein said toxicity associated with said drug treatment is selected from the group consisting of hepatic toxicity and hematologic toxicity.