1. A method of deactivating biologically active substances including:
- preheating objects contaminated with a biologically active substance to about 70° C.; and
- concurrently:
- subjecting the biologically active substances to a strong oxidant in a vapor phase; and
- subjecting the biologically active substances to ammonia gas.
2. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the biologically active substances arc biological or chemical warfare agents including one or more of chemical agents, pathogens, prions, and biotoxins.
3. The method as set forth in claim 2 wherein the chemical agents include nerve gas and blistering gas.
4. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the oxidant includes at least one of peroxy compounds, hypochlorites, halogen oxides, and ozone.
5. The method as set forth in claim 4 wherein the peroxy compounds include hydrogen peroxide.
6. The method as set forth in claim 1 further including:
- boosting the oxidation potential of the oxidant vapor rendering the vapor more reactive with the biologically active substances.
7. The method as set forth in claim 6 wherein boosting the oxidation potential includes at least one of:
- degrading the oxidant vapor with ultraviolet light; and,
- adding an enhancing agent.
8. The method as set forth in claim 1 further including:
- condensing a solvent vapor, mist, or fog on the biologically active substances.
9. The method as set forth in claim 8 wherein the solvent includes at least one of:
- tert-butyl alcohol,
- acetronitrile,
- isopropyl alcohol,
- tetrahydrofuran,
- dimethylsulfoxide,
- acetone,
- acetaldehyde,
- propylene oxide,
- acetamide,
- diethylamine, and
- dimethoxyethane.
10. The method as set forth in claim 8 further including:
- subjecting the biologically active substances to an alkaline gas.
11. The method as set forth in claim 1 further including:
- subjecting the biologically active substance to a chemical which at least one of:
- raises the oxidation potential of the oxidant vapor rendering the oxidant vapor more reactive against the biologically active substance;
- preconditions the biologically active substance;
- reacts with the oxidant vapor to generate an intermediate compound that deactivates at least some of the biologically active substances;
- increases a number and variety of free radical species in the oxidant vapors; and
- adjusts pH.
12. A method o1 deactivating biologically active substances comprising:
- preheating objects contaminated with a biologically active substances to about 70° C.;
- subjecting the biologically active substances to a strong oxidant in a vapor phase; and
- adding to the oxidant vapor at least one of:
- ozone,
- an alkene,
- an aldehyde,
- a peroxycarboxylic acid,
- an alkane, and
- carboxylic acid.
13. The method as set forth in claim 12 further including:
- subjecting the biologically active substances to ammonia in a vapor phase concurrently with the vapor phase oxidant.
14. The method as set forth in claim 12 wherein the biologically active substances are biological or chemical warfare agents including one or more of chemical agents, pathogens, prions, and biotoxins.
15. The method as set forth in claim 14 wherein the chemical agents include at least one of nerve gas and blistering gas.
16. The method as set forth in claim 12 wherein the oxidant includes at least one of peroxy compounds, hypochlorates, and ozone.
17. The method as set forth in claim 16 wherein the peroxy compounds include hydrogen peroxide.
18. The method as set forth in claim 12 further including:
- adding in vapor, mist, or fog form a second chemical that does at least one of:
- raises the oxidation potential of the oxidant vapor rendering the oxidant vapor more reactive against the biologically active substance;
- preconditions the biologically active substance;
- reacts with the oxidant vapor to generate an intermediate compound that deactivates at least some of the biologically active substances;
- increases a number and variety of free radical species in the oxidant vapors; and,
- adjusts pH.
19. A method of deactivating biologically active substances on objects comprising:
- preheating objects contaminated with the biologically active substance to about 70° C.;
- subjecting the preheated biologically active substances to a strong oxidant in a vapor phase, the preheating allowing extraction of the biologically active substances from the object to facilitate reaction between the biologically active substances and the vapor phase oxidant when it is introduced.
20. The method as set forth in claim 19 further including:
- subjecting the biologically active substances to an alkaline gas.
21. The method as set forth in claim 20 wherein the alkaline gas is used to raise a pH of the vapor phase oxidant to 8-9.
22. The method as set forth in claim 20 wherein the alkaline gas includes ammonia.
23. The method as set forth in claim 19 further including:
- concurrently subjecting the biologically active substances to a chemical vapor, mist, or fog which at least one of:
- raises the oxidation potential of the oxidant vapor rendering the oxidant vapor more reactive against the biologically active substance;
- preconditions the biologically active substance;
- reacts with the oxidant vapor to generate an intermediate compound that deactivates at least some of the biologically active substances;
- increases a number and variety of free radical species in the oxidant vapors; and,
- adjusts pH.
24. The method as set forth in claim 19 further including:
- supplying ammonia vapor; mixing the ammonia vapor and the strong oxidant vapor; and
- wherein in the subjecting step, the biologically active substances are subject to both the ammonia and strong oxidant vapors.
25. A method of deactivating biologically active substances comprising:
- preheating objects contaminated with a biologically active substance to about 70° C.;
- vaporizing a strong oxidant;
- mixing the vaporized strong oxidant with an alkaline gas;
- subjecting the biologically active substances to the mixture of the vaporized strong oxidant and alkaline gas.
26. The method as set forth in claim 25 wherein the alkaline gas includes ammonia in a gas phase.
27. The method as set forth in claim 26 wherein the strong oxidant is thermally vaporized.
28. A method of deactivating a chemical warfare agent comprising:
- preheating the chemical warfare agent to about 70° C.
- vaporizing hydrogen peroxide;
- mixing the vaporized hydrogen peroxide with vapor phase ammonia; and
- subjecting the chemical warfare agent to the mixture of the vaporized hydrogen peroxide and ammonia at a temperature of 45-60° C.
29. The method as set forth in claim 28, further including:
- heating objects contaminated by the biologically active substance to about 70° C.
