A system and method for forming a chemically reacted layer proximate an exposed surface of a substrate is disclosed. A gas supply provides a chemically reactive molecular gas to an ion source that generates a divergent ion current directed at a target. The ion current contains at least one species of...http://www.google.com/patents/US6723209?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6723209 - System and method for performing thin film deposition or chemical treatment using an energetic flux of neutral reactive molecular fragments, atoms or radicals