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Airborne Skin Diseases

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Clinical Contact Dermatitis

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Abstract

Airborne dermatoses are complaints linked to external environmental, chemical and biotic agents carried through the air. In general, airborne dermatoses, that are most common in work environment, tend to cause diagnostic problems that are challenging for both the patient and the doctor. It should also be borne in mind that since the external culprit agents are present in the environment, they do not only come in contact with the skin and mucosa, but can also be inhaled or ingested, thus also causing respiratory and systemic symptoms. There is considerable variation in the nature of airborne contactants and in their form of presentation: vapours and gases, droplets, solid nonbiotic particles, and solid biotic particles. Particular physical conditions (low environmental humidity, high temperatures) can often predispose to the development of airborne dermatoses, as well as some constitutional factors (atopic dermatitis, seborrhoeic dermatitis). Among the various clinical forms, airborne contact dermatitis interests the parts of the body exposed to the air: face, neck, upper aspect of the chest, hands, wrists. These cases must firstly be differentiated from photocontact dermatitis; in the latter case, however, shadowed anatomic areas such as the upper eyelids, behind the ears, the submandibular region, and under the hair are not affected. Various examples of airborne irritant and allergic contact dermatitis and airborne photocontact dermatitis are reported in literature. Another common airborne dermatitis, in particular in Mediterranean coastal regions, is the processionary dermatitis due to the caterpillar Thaumetopoea pityocampa, which induces disruptive effects on pines, man and pets. The cutaneous, respiratory and ophthalmic simptoms are due to particular removable urticarial hairs growing dorsally on the first 8 abdominal larva segments. Chloracne, caused by halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, is a variety of occupational acne. The most potent acnegens are chloro- and bromo-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons (dioxins), used in various work environments. Human exposure to dioxins can occur due to environmental, occupational, or accidental pollution. The skin is a key organ indicating exposure to dioxin chemicals. The characteristic cutaneous manifestations generally appear about two weeks after the exposure, reach a peak after 6–10 months and can persist for years due to the very slow decrease of dioxins in skin.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy

    Domenico Bonamonte & Caterina Foti

  2. Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, Padua, Italy

    Angela Filoni

  3. Professor of Dermatology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy

    Gianni Angelini

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  1. Domenico Bonamonte
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Correspondence to Domenico Bonamonte .

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  1. University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Dermatology, Bari, Italy

    Gianni Angelini

  2. Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy

    Domenico Bonamonte

  3. Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy

    Caterina Foti

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Bonamonte, D., Foti, C., Filoni, A., Angelini, G. (2021). Airborne Skin Diseases. In: Angelini, G., Bonamonte, D., Foti, C. (eds) Clinical Contact Dermatitis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49332-5_11

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