Kulanite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Kulanite
Formula:
Ba(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)2(PO4)3(OH)3
Colour:
Blue, blue-green, green
Lustre:
Adamantine, Vitreous
Hardness:
4
Specific Gravity:
3.91
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in honor of Alan Kulan (1921, Toronto, Ontario, Canada - 1977) a prospector who worked in the Yukon and discovered several sizable lead-zinc-silver deposits. He submitted the first specimens of Yukon phosphates to the Royal Ontario Museum.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2285
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2285:5
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
3739585e-84eb-48c1-9d46-a2376d02f47f
IMA Classification of Kulanite
Approved
IMA Formula:
BaFe2+2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3
First published:
1976
Classification of Kulanite
8.BH.20
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
H : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 = 1:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
H : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 = 1:1
41.9.1.1
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
9 : (AB)5(XO4)3Zq
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
9 : (AB)5(XO4)3Zq
19.5.14
19 : Phosphates
5 : Phosphates of Sr and Ba
19 : Phosphates
5 : Phosphates of Sr and Ba
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Kul | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Kulanite
Pronunciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Kulanite
Adamantine, Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Blue, blue-green, green
Streak:
Greenish white
Hardness:
4 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
Fair to good, parallel to {010} and {100}
Fair to good, parallel to {010} and {100}
Density:
3.91(3) g/cm3 (Measured) 3.92 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Meansured with Berman balance
Optical Data of Kulanite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.703 nβ = 1.705 nγ = 1.723
2V:
Measured: 32° , Calculated: 38°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.020
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
Very strong r>>v (type description)
Optical Extinction:
Absorption: α ≅ β >> γ
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
α = brownish green, β = green, and γ = very pale brown
Comments:
b ≅ β, c Λ γ = -8 deg.
One optic axis is almost normal to {101}.
One optic axis is almost normal to {101}.
Chemistry of Kulanite
Mindat Formula:
Ba(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)2(PO4)3(OH)3
Crystallography of Kulanite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Setting:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.0518(2) Å, b = 12.1362(3) Å, c = 4.9411(1) Å
β = 100.443(2)°
β = 100.443(2)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.746 : 1 : 0.407
Unit Cell V:
533.81 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Tabular parallel to {101}.
Forms include {001}, {100}, {120}, {110}, {011}, {031}, {101}, {301}, {111}, {121}, {131}, and {161}.
Forms include {001}, {100}, {120}, {110}, {011}, {031}, {101}, {301}, {111}, {121}, {131}, and {161}.
Comment:
~ 297 K
Crystal Structure
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2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0005343 | Kulanite | Cooper M A, Hawthorne F C (1994) Refinement of the crystal structure of kulanite The Canadian Mineralogist 32 15-19 | 1994 | Rapid Creek, Yukon, Canada | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.108 Å | (100) |
2.927 Å | (80) |
3.044 Å | (70) |
2.659 Å | (70) |
8.84 Å | (60) |
2.690 Å | (60) |
4.51 Å | (50) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Near-surface Processes | |
22 : Hydration and low-𝑇 subsurface aqueous alteration (see also #23) | |
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
34 : Complex granite pegmatites | |
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] |
Type Occurrence of Kulanite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Green to blue plates to 3x3x0.5 mm. Commonly arranged in rosette like aggregates.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Royal Ontario Museum (ROM No. M 34170), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 137304, 145737.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 137304, 145737.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Fractures in the "ironstone" beds (a sideritic iron-formation). Low temperature.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Mandarino, J.A., Sturman, B.D. (1976) Kulanite, a new barium iron aluminum phosphate from the Yukon Territory, Canada. The Canadian Mineralogist: 14: 127-131.
Synonyms of Kulanite
Other Language Names for Kulanite
Relationship of Kulanite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Bjarebyite | (Ba,Sr)(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Johntomaite | BaFe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Nigelcookite | PbFe2+2V3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Penikisite | Ba(Mg,Fe2+,Ca)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Perloffite | Ba(Mn2+,Fe2+)2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Plumbojohntomaite | PbFe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Plumboperloffite | PbMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Strontioperloffite | SrMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
77 photos of Kulanite associated with Siderite | FeCO3 |
28 photos of Kulanite associated with Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
22 photos of Kulanite associated with Lazulite | MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
20 photos of Kulanite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
11 photos of Kulanite associated with Whitlockite | Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) |
7 photos of Kulanite associated with Gormanite | (Fe2+,Mg)3(Al,Fe3+)4(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2O |
6 photos of Kulanite associated with Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
5 photos of Kulanite associated with Brazilianite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 |
2 photos of Kulanite associated with Penikisite | Ba(Mg,Fe2+,Ca)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
2 photos of Kulanite associated with Whiteite-(CaFeMg) | {Ca}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
8.BH. | Crimsonite | PbFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
8.BH. | Reznitskyite | CaMg(VO4)F |
8.BH. | Cuprozheshengite | Pb4CuZn2(AsO4)2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
8.BH. | Zheshengite | Pb4ZnZn2(AsO4)2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
8.BH. | Peterchinite | Zn3Zn2(OH)6As[O3(OH)3] |
8.BH.05 | Thadeuite | Ca(Mg,Fe2+)3(PO4)2(OH,F)2 |
8.BH.10 | Durangite | NaAl(AsO4)F |
8.BH.10 | Isokite | CaMg(PO4)F |
8.BH.10 | Lacroixite | NaAl(PO4)F |
8.BH.10 | Maxwellite | NaFe3+(AsO4)F |
8.BH.10 | Panasqueiraite | CaMg(PO4)(OH,F) |
8.BH.10 | Kononovite | NaMg(SO4)F |
8.BH.10 | Arsenatrotitanite | NaTi(AsO4)O |
8.BH.15 | Drugmanite | Pb2(Fe3+,Al)(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)2 |
8.BH.20 | Bjarebyite | (Ba,Sr)(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
8.BH.20 | Cirrolite | Ca3Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 (?) |
8.BH.20 | Penikisite | Ba(Mg,Fe2+,Ca)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
8.BH.20 | Perloffite | Ba(Mn2+,Fe2+)2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
8.BH.20 | Johntomaite | BaFe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
8.BH.20 | Bjarebyite Group | |
8.BH.20 | Strontioperloffite | SrMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
8.BH.20 | Plumboperloffite | PbMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
8.BH.20 | Nigelcookite | PbFe2+2V3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
8.BH.20 | Plumbojohntomaite | PbFe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
8.BH.25 | Bertossaite | (Li,Na)2(Ca,Fe2+,Mn2+)Al4(PO4)4(OH,F)4 |
8.BH.25 | Palermoite | (Li,Na)2(Sr,Ca)Al4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
8.BH.25 | Natropalermoite | Na2SrAl4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
8.BH.30 | Carminite | PbFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
8.BH.30 | Sewardite | CaFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
8.BH.35 | Adelite | CaMg(AsO4)(OH) |
8.BH.35 | Arsendescloizite | PbZn(AsO4)(OH) |
8.BH.35 | Austinite | CaZn(AsO4)(OH) |
8.BH.35 | Cobaltaustinite | CaCo(AsO4)(OH) |
8.BH.35 | Conichalcite | CaCu(AsO4)(OH) |
8.BH.35 | Duftite | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
8.BH.35 | Gabrielsonite | PbFe3+(As3+O3)O |
8.BH.35 | Nickelaustinite | CaNi(AsO4)(OH) |
8.BH.35 | Tangeite | CaCu(VO4)(OH) |
8.BH.35 | Duftite-alpha | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
8.BH.35 | Gottlobite | CaMg(VO4)(OH) |
8.BH.35 | Hermannroseite | CaCu(PO4)(OH) |
8.BH.40 | Čechite | PbFe2+(VO4)(OH) |
8.BH.40 | Descloizite | PbZn(VO4)(OH) |
8.BH.40 | Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
8.BH.40 | Pyrobelonite | PbMn2+(VO4)(OH) |
8.BH.40 | Khorixasite | (Bi0.67◻0.33)Cu(VO4)(OH) |
8.BH.45 | Bayldonite | PbCu3(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
8.BH.45 | Vésigniéite | BaCu3(VO4)2(OH)2 |
8.BH.50 | Paganoite | NiBi(AsO4)O |
8.BH.55 | Harrisonite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)6(PO4)2(SiO4)2 |
8.BH.55 | Jagowerite | BaAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
8.BH.60 | Attakolite | CaMn2+Al4(SiO3OH)(PO4)3(OH)4 |
8.BH.65 | Leningradite | PbCu3(VO4)2Cl |
8.BH.70 | Katiarsite | KTiO(AsO4) |
8.BH.70 | Yurgensonite | K2SnTiO2(AsO4)2 |
8.BH.75 | Melanarsite | K3Cu7Fe3+O4(AsO4)4 |
8.BH.80 | Moraskoite | Na2Mg(PO4)F |
8.BH.80 | Evseevite | Na2Mg(AsO4)F |
8.BH.85 | Piccoliite | NaCaMn3+2(AsO4)2O(OH) |
Fluorescence of Kulanite
None
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Kulanite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2285.html
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References for Kulanite
Reference List:
Mandarino, J. A., Sturman, B. D. (1976) Kulanite, a new barium iron aluminum phosphate from the Yukon Territory, Canada. The Canadian Mineralogist, 14 (2) 127-131
Jambor, John L., Grew, Edward S. (1990) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 75 (1-2) 240-246 pp.245-246
Cooper, Mark, Hawthorne, Frank C. (1994) Refinement of the crystal structure of kulanite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 32 (1) 15-19
Frost, Ray L., López, Andrés, Xi, Yunfei, Granja, Amanda, Scholz, Ricardo (2013) Vibrational spectroscopic characterization of the phosphate mineral kulanite Ba(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)2(PO4)3(OH)3. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 115. 22-25 doi:10.1016/j.saa.2013.06.016
Localities for Kulanite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria | |
| Blass et al. (2000) |
Canada | |
| Sabina (2015) +1 other reference |
| Robinson et al. (1992) |
150-152. +4 other references | |
| Robinson +1 other reference |
Robinson et al. (1992) | |
Robinson et al. (1992) | |
Collected by Rod Tyson | |
Modris Baum specimens | |
| Robinson et al. (1992) |
China | |
| Rao +7 other references |
Czech Republic | |
| Breiter K. |
Italy | |
| Bracco R. (2016) |
USA | |
| London et al. (1982) |
| London et al. (1982) |
| Nashua Min. Soc. Disp. Cat. +1 other reference |
Whitmore et al. (2004) |
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Stoneman Camp, Rapid Creek, Dawson mining district, Yukon, Canada