The Palais des Arts turns to science: The Palais de la Découverte

The Palais de la Découverte has been located in the west part of the Grand Palais since 1937

Façade du Palais de la découverte. by © Palais de la découverte / C. RousselinRmn-Grand Palais

It was time for the Palais des Arts to turn to science. The result of a three-way project shared between Jean Perrin, the Front Populaire and the International Exhibition of 1937, the Palais de la Découverte was the embodiment of republican ideals.

Universal Exhibition of 1900, project plan for the Grand Palais. (vers 1896) by Photographie : © RMN-Grand Palais (musée d'Orsay) / Hervé Lewandowski © DR and Louis Varcollier ( 1864-1948)Rmn-Grand Palais

The Palais d'Antin, the west wing of the Grand Palais, would become home to this project. Originally designed as a temporary exhibition prior to the construction of a large science museum in Paris, the Palais de la Découverte welcomed 222,500 visitors between May and November 1937.

Visit to the crystallography room at the Palais de la Découverte, 21 July 1937. (1937) by © Palais de la découverteRmn-Grand Palais

Bolstered by this success, the Palais de la Découverte became a permanent fixture in 1938, in both location and purpose.
Extract from: Les Merveilles d’un Palais, EPPDCSI, 2014

Portrait of Jean Perrin (1870-1942) by © Palais de la découverteRmn-Grand Palais

For Jean Perrin, Under-secretary of State for Education in charge of Scientific Research (1936-1937) and winner of the Nobel Prize for physics in 1926, this new era of progress was aimed at everyone, by demonstrating science as a real pursuit in its experiments and its implementation.

View of the geophysics room, physics section and the south staircase leading to the astronomy section, 1937. (1937) by © Palais de la découverte/ Paul O’DoyéOriginal Source: Palais de la Découverte

Designed in a rational, modern and geometric fashion, panelling in plywood, stucco and vellum covered the façade, the classical ornaments, the monumental staircases and the interior of the Palais d'Antin from 1937 until 1985.

The architectural features and design of this western section of the Grand Palais are now on display once more.

Mathematics room, room 31, Palais de la Découverte, 1937. (1937) by © Palais de la découverteOriginal Source: Palais de la Découverte

The general layout of the Palais de la Découverte was awarded to the Germain Debré firm of architects, experts in laboratory architecture, Armand Néret and Maurice Boutterin, assisted by Nicolas Kristy, working in collaboration with André Léveillé, Palais de la Découverte director from 1937 to 1960.

Panel presenting illnesses due to malnutrition under German occupation, Medicine room at the Palais de la Découverte, photographed in 1955 (1955) by © Palais de la découverteOriginal Source: Palais de la Découverte

The Palais de la Découverte began to renovate its permanent exhibition spaces from 1949, in line with post-war events.

Designed to display and explain scientific discoveries, a series of panels presented the consequences of the German occupation on the health of the French population.

This renovation concerned the rooms dedicated to medicine and biology. The intention at the time was present statistics and medical reports and also provide public medical advice on preventing certain illnesses.

Spectators in front of the planetarium, during a Palais planetarium show, April 1970. (Avril 1970) by © Palais de la découverte / PensivyOriginal Source: Palais de la Découverte

THE PLANETARIUM
A major attraction was installed along the banks of the Seine in 1937 – the planetarium.

The instrument was installed by the Zeiss company, modelled on the planetarium at the Munich Science Museum. It was a considerable success and presentations of the skies took place every hour from 10 am to 7 pm.

Workmen suspended at the woven canopy of the planetarium, during the installation of the dome in the hall d'Antin of the Palais, 22 January 1952. (22 janvier 1952) by © Palais de la découverte / ChartierOriginal Source: Palais de la Découverte

Once the International Exhibition had ended, the planetarium was disassembled and stored underneath the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers for almost fifteen years.

Visitors in front of the planetarium entrance in the hall d'Antin at the Palais de la Découverte, 19 October 1952. (1952) by © Palais de la découverte/ PineauOriginal Source: Palais de la Découverte

In 1951, it was decided that it should be installed in the Hall d'Antin at the Palais de la Découverte. Five months' work was required before it could open on 27 June 1952, in the presence of French President Vincent Auriol.

A scientific mediator from the Palais de la Découverte behind the console of the planetarium, April 1970. (1970) by © Palais de la découverte/ PensivyOriginal Source: Palais de la Découverte

As a result, the 1937 planetarium remained in service until 1979. At the end of the 1970s, a new planetarium was installed on the first floor of the Palais, in the former Universe room.

The Palais de la Découverte planetarium during a display in 1952. (1952) by © Palais de la découverte/ PineauOriginal Source: Palais de la Découverte

This decision was a direct result of the Hall d'Antin's classification as a Historic Monument. Leaving behind the 23 metre dome that could hold 370 people, the new projection room measured 15 metres in diameter and held 208 seats.

In 1997, a third planetarium was installed: the Starmaster.

Extract from: Sébastien Fontaine, Les coulisses du planétarium, Découverte, n° 362, p. 55

Live from the Palais de la Découverte for the 10th anniversary of the Apollo XI mission, Alain Jérôme, presenter of "Dossiers de l'écran" with guest Neil Armstrong, 11 July 1979. (11 juillet 1979) by © Palais de la découverteOriginal Source: Palais de la Découverte

THE FIRST MAN ON THE MOON
To celebrate the first moon landing, the Palais de la Découverte launched a series of events based around the Apollo XI mission on 20 July 1969...

... in cooperation with the Embassy of the United States, the ORTF, IBM, Kodak, Marcel Hamelle, Philips and Zeiss.

Installation of a giant screen at the entrance to the Palais de la Découverte, for the live broadcast of the moon landings in 1969. (1969) by © Palais de la découverte/ PineauOriginal Source: © Palais de la découverte/ Pineau

On Sunday 20 and Monday 21 July, free entry was granted and the doors were open until midnight.

The Moon Landings, July 1969: Live broadcast of the event on the "Hédiophore" giant screen and colour television, at the Palais de la Découverte. (1969) by © Palais de la découverte/ PineauOriginal Source: Palais de la Découverte

The presentation included projections on large screens and colour televisions, and ORTF operations and current events. The cinema continuously showed films of the previous Apollo missions.

Spectators in front of the planetarium, during a Palais planetarium show, April 1970. (Avril 1970) by © Palais de la découverte / PensivyOriginal Source: Palais de la Découverte

The scientific mediation programme also changed to offer a special planetarium show, "The journey from Earth to the Moon: how astronauts perceive the Earth's starry crescent from the surface of the Moon".

The Moon Landings, July 1969: Round table of experts for the event, Palais de la Découverte. (1969) by © Palais de la découverte / PineauOriginal Source: Palais de la Découverte

Lastly, the Moon room hosted scientists and experts who came to answer the many questions from RADIO-TERRE listeners and other visitors to the Palais de la Découverte.

Live from the Palais de la Découverte for the 10th anniversary of the Apollo XI mission, Alain Jérôme, presenter of "Dossiers de l'écran" with guest Neil Armstrong, 11 July 1979. (11 juillet 1979) by © Palais de la découverteOriginal Source: Palais de la Découverte

For the 10th anniversary of man's first steps on the moon, the Dossiers de l'écran television programme chose the Palais de la Découverte for a special live broadcast with Alain Jérôme and Commander Neil Armstrong on 11 July 1979.

Panel from the general presentation of the Palais, created for the travelling exhibition aimed at prisoners of war in Germany, 1942. (1942) by © Palais de la découverteOriginal Source: Palais de la découverte

A SCIENTIFIC EXHIBITION FOR PRISONERS OF WAR
In 1942, the Palais de la Découverte was chosen to produce a travelling exhibition aimed at German prisoners of war.

It consisted of seven illustrated panels presenting the history and activity of the Paris science museum. The first panel focused on the fundamentals of the Palais de la Découverte – its role, its layout, its audience and its activities.

A series of panels then presented the scientific disciplines and their areas of expertise. They were presented alongside photographs illustrating the rooms and experiences.

A final panel described complementary activities such as lectures, publications, the reading room and the library.

By insisting on national identity, the "Palais de la Découverte, a French journey" exhibition was in fact a propaganda piece for the Vichy government, with the emphasis on national cohesion, one of their key themes.

View of the damage caused to the Palais de la Découverte by German incendiary devices in August 1944, more specifically in the organic chemistry room. (1944) by © Palais de la découverte / BerthelomierOriginal Source: Palais de la Découverte

THE DARK YEARS
The monument was used for several exhibitions of Nazi propaganda. During the liberation of Paris, incendiary devices fired in the nave set fire to the building. Soldiers taking refuge inside were held as prisoners by the Germans.

Exhibition "The monsters that surround us" presented at the Palais from 16 October 1993 to 15 April 1994. Performance in front of a robotic scorpion. (Du 16 octobre 1993 au 15 avril 1994) by © Palais de la découverte / C. RousselinOriginal Source: Palais de la Découverte

THE PALAIS DE LA DÉCOUVERTE EXHIBITIONS
From 1937, the Palais de la Découverte hosted temporary exhibitions that complemented the broad range of experiences and presentations in the permanent collection.

Exhibition "The relationship between science and art", presented for the opening of the Palais de la Découverte in 1937., © Palais de la découverte, 1937, Original Source: Palais de la Découverte
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Their initial aim was principally to promote scientific discoveries and their applications.

Exhibition "The stages of progress", presented for the opening of the Palais de la Découverte in 1937. (1937) by © Palais de la découverteOriginal Source: Palais de la Découverte

The first of these The Stages of Progress was presented from May to August 1937 and was aimed at demonstrating the range of scientific research...

... and "a reminder of the road taken on the slow evolution of civilisation"

Extract from E. Labbé, Rapport général de l’exposition internationale des arts et techniques dans la vie moderne, Ministère du Commerce et de l’Industrie, 1937.

Model of a Tyrannosaurus rex installed at the front of the Palais d'Antin (Grand Palais), to welcome visitors to the temporary exhibition "The hunger of the dinosaurs" presented from 10 December 2009 to 2 May 2010. (du 10 décembre 2009 au 2 mai 2010) by © Palais de la découverte / C. RousselinOriginal Source: Palais de la Découverte

Every year, the Palais de la Découverte would organise three or four temporary exhibitions around current scientific events. They would also come to enrich and diversify the permanent collection, which would adapt and offer a new programme according to the various themes.

Jérôme Jean Charles, winner of the French Rubik's cube championship with a time of 25 seconds, 28 October 1981 (1981) by © Palais de la découverteOriginal Source: Palais de la Découverte

SCIENCE HUB
As a major player in the popularisation of science, the Palais de la Découverte also acted as a privileged venue for scientific events.

Electrostatic exhibition, Palais de la Découverte, 2009. (2009) by © Palais de la découverte / C. RousselinRmn-Grand Palais

It hosted and organised lectures, conferences, competitions and official events. These activities also helped in its role as a scientific mediator by encouraging an interest in science in the youngest of visitors.

Credits: Story

We would like to thank all the people who have contributed to the construction of this journey through the Grand Palais and those who have given us valuable time and information as well as permission to reproduce their documentation.

Credits: All media
The story featured may in some cases have been created by an independent third party and may not always represent the views of the institutions, listed below, who have supplied the content.
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