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ABŞ Dolları haqqında
The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States and several other countries. The Coinage Act of 1792 introduced the U.S. dollar at par with the Spanish silver dollar, divided it into 100 cents, and authorized the minting of coins denominated in dollars and cents. U.S. banknotes are issued in the form of Federal Reserve Notes, popularly called greenbacks due to their predominantly green color.
The U.S. dollar was originally defined under a bimetallic standard of 371.25 grains fine silver or, from 1834, 23.22 grains fine gold, or $20.67 per troy ounce. The Gold Standard Act of 1900 linked the dollar solely to gold. From 1934, its equivalence to gold was revised to $35 per troy ounce. In 1971 all links to gold were repealed. The U.S. dollar became an important international reserve currency after the First World War, and displaced the pound sterling as the world's primary reserve currency by the Bretton Woods Agreement towards the end of the Second World War. The dollar is the most widely used currency in international transactions, and a free-floating currency. WikipediaRusiya Rublu haqqında
The ruble or rouble is the official currency of Russia. Banknotes and coins are issued by the Central Bank of Russia, which is Russia's monetary authority independent of all other government bodies.
The ruble is the second-oldest currency in continuous use, after pound sterling, as well as the first decimal currency. The ruble was the currency of the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union, where it was known as the Soviet ruble. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Soviet ruble was replaced in Russia with the Russian ruble at par in the following year. The Russian ruble continued to be used in 11 post-Soviet states, forming a "ruble zone" until 1993. In 1998, the ruble was redenominated shortly before the 1998 financial crisis, at a rate of 1000 RUR = 1 RUB.
The ruble is a free-floating currency and is subdivided into 100 kopecks which have fallen out of use due to inflation. In 2023, the digital ruble was introduced. The Russian ruble is also used as a de facto legal tender in Baikonur, Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Wikipedia