三维打印成型设备及方法技术领域 3D printing equipment and Technical Field

本专利涉及一种三维快速成型设备和方法，尤其是一种三维打印成型设备及其使用方法。 This patent relates to an apparatus and method for three-dimensional rapid prototyping, in particular to a 3D printing device and method of use.

背景技术 Background

目前快速成型设备类型很多，包括立体光刻成型 Currently a lot of rapid prototyping equipment types, including stereolithography

(Stereolithography-SL)、熔融堆积成型(Fused D印osition Modeling —FDM)、分层实体加工(Laminated Object Manufacturing-L0M)、选择性激光烧结(Selective Laser Sintering — SLS)及三维打印(3 Dimensional Printing - 3DP)等。 (Stereolithography-SL), Rapid Prototyping (Fused D India osition Modeling -FDM), LOM process (Laminated Object Manufacturing-L0M), selective laser sintering (Selective Laser Sintering - SLS) and three-dimensional printing (3 Dimensional Printing - 3DP) and so on. 与三维打印成型有关的专利技术主要有1995年2月美国专利5387380 (申请人Cima)通过在粉末材料表面选择性喷涂粘结剂，从而将零件截面内的粉末材料粘结在一起，如此逐层粘结成型，粘结完成后将未粘结的粉末材料取出，获得成型零件。 And 3D printing technologies include patents related to February 1995, U.S. Patent 5,387,380 (applicant Cima) by selectively spraying a binder in powder surface, so that the powder material bond together parts within the section, so step by step bond forming, powder material bond taken out after the completion of unbonded obtain molded parts. 1999年3月美国专利5878664 (申请人Hartka)的打印方法是利用打印滚筒在可升降的平面上加工，加工时在滚筒上产生打印的图形， 一层打印完毕，滚筒上产生下一层图形，逐层打印成型实体。 In March 1999 the United States Patent 5,878,664 (applicant Hartka) printing method is to use print processing on roller can lift the plane to produce printed pattern on the drum during processing, a layer of printing is completed, the next layer on the drum to produce graphics, printed layer by layer forming entities. 1999年11月美国专利5984444 (申请人Hawley),该专利采用静电三维打印成型，将蜡、塑料等熔化为液滴， 通过磁场加速液滴在平面内堆积并逐层累加成型，并且采用低熔点材料作为支撑材料支撑零件。 November 1999 U.S. Patent No. 5,984,444 (applicant Hawley), the patent electrostatic 3D printing, wax, plastics melt into droplets, accelerated by the magnetic field forming droplets deposited and accumulated step by step in a plane, and the use of low melting point material as a support material for the support part. 1999年5月美国专利5902441 (申请人Bredt和James F)提出一种三维打印方法，该方法通过生成三维物体的横截面，然后将加工的横截面逐层粘结成三维物体。 In May 1999 the United States Patent 5,902,441 (applicant Bredt and James F) presents a three-dimensional printing method by generating cross-section of three-dimensional objects, and then processed into a three-dimensional cross-section of the bonding object layer by layer. 2002年9月Bredt的另一项美国专利6416850，采用将粘结剂和填充剂混合构成的多组分颗粒作为成型材料的三维打印方法。 Another U.S. Patent 6,416,850 September 2002 Bredt, the use of multi-component particles composed of a binder and a filler mixed three-dimensional printing method as a molding material.

以上几种三维打印成型方法需要专门设计支撑结构，对于具有复杂内部结构的零件制作复杂，材料利用率低。 Several more 3D printing method requires a specially designed support structure for parts production with complex internal structure of complex materials utilization rate.

发明内容 DISCLOSURE

本发明是要提供一种新型的三维打印成型设备和方法，它具有结构简单，三维零件制作方便，材料利用率高，加工成型的零件后处理简单等特点。 The present invention is to provide a novel apparatus and method for 3D printing, it has a simple structure, easy production of three-dimensional parts, material utilization, parts after molding process simple.

为实现本发明的目的，所采用的技术方案如下： For purposes of this invention, the technical solutions used are as follows:

一种三维打印成型设备，包括XY工作台，升降平台。 A three-dimensional print molding equipment, including XY tables, lifting platforms. XY工作台下面设有储液槽，XY工作台上面装有喷口向下的喷头，XY工作台上方设有液位传感器，储液槽内储存有支撑材料，升降平台位于支撑材料内，储液槽底边设有导流孔，导流孔通过导管与泵连接。 XY table provided below the reservoir, XY table fitted with vents down sprinklers, XY table provided above the liquid level sensor, a support material is stored within the storage tank, the lifting platform is located within the support material, liquid bottom side with a guide hole, diversion hole connected via a conduit to the pump.

储液槽中储存的支撑材料为液体状态。 Reservoir support material stored in the liquid state. 喷头通过导管与泵出口连接， 泵进口连接储存有成型材料的原料槽。 Nozzle is connected via a conduit to the pump outlet, the pump inlet connection stores a molding material feed slot.

一种使用上述三维打印成型设备生产三维零件的方法，该方法的过 A device using the 3D printing method for producing three-dimensional parts, through the process

程是： Cheng is:

1. 计算机处理三维CAD模型，将三维模型顺序分割成一系列具有厚度的截面图形。 1. Computer processing three-dimensional CAD model, three-dimensional model is divided into a series of sequential pattern has a cross-sectional thickness.

2. 提升升降平台至一高度位置，由液位传感器探测液面高度，根据探测的液面高度，通过泵改变储液槽中的支撑材料的数量，直到支撑材料表面与工作台表面处于同一水平面内。 2. The lifting height of the lifting platform to a position, a liquid level detection by the level sensor, according to the liquid level detection, by changing the number of pumps in the reservoir support material, the support material until the surface of the table surface at the same level inside.

3. 计算机根据截面图形控制XY工作台在水平面内运动，同时成型材料通过喷头喷出，喷涂在升降平台表面，形成与截面图形相同的喷涂层， 喷涂完毕XY工作台返回停泊位置。 3. The computer-controlled XY table motion in the horizontal plane sectional graphics, while molding material through a spray nozzle, spraying the surface of the lifting platform, formed with the same cross-section graphics spray coatings, spray finished XY table to return the parking position.

4. 喷涂的成型材料A经过化学反应或辐射或粘结或加热或冷却方法，在平面内固化形成一层固化零件 4. A molding material sprayed through chemical reaction or bonding or radiation or heating or cooling method, in the plane of cured layer cured part formed

5. 升降工作台下降至一高度位置。 5. elevating work the audience dropped to a height position.

6. 液位传感器探测液面高度，根据探测的液面高度，通过泵改变储液 6. The level sensor detecting a liquid level, according to the liquid level detection, by changing the liquid pump

槽中的支撑材料的数量，直到液态支撑材料表面与固化的一层零件上 The number of grooves of the support material, the support material until the liquid surface of the cured layer of the part

表面处于同一水平面内。 Surface is the same horizontal plane.

7. 计算机控制XY工作台作水平面内运动，同时成型材料A通过喷头喷出，在已成型零件表面和液态支撑材料B表面喷涂成型材料A，形成与相应的截面图形相同的喷涂层，喷涂完毕XY工作台返回停泊位置。 7. A computer-controlled XY table motion for the horizontal plane, while the molding material A ejected through the nozzle, has been formed in parts of the surface and the liquid support material B surface coating forming material A, and the corresponding cross-section graphic form the same coating layer, spraying is completed XY table to return the parking position.

8. 重复过程4-7，直至零件加工完毕。 8. Repeat procedure 4-7 until the parts processing is completed.

9. 提升升降台到一定高度，取出成型零件。 9. enhance lift to a certain height, remove the molded part. 本发明的成型材料通过喷头喷出，在液态支撑材料表面根据截面数据 Forming material of the present invention is produced by spray nozzle, the liquid surface of the support material based on cross-sectional data

喷涂成型，喷涂成型材料在支撑材料表面固化， 一层零件固化成型完毕， 工作台下降一层厚度，进行下一层喷涂，并将相邻层互相粘接在一起，从而形成三维实体。 Spray molding, spray molding material of the support material surface curing, curing a layer of the part is completed, the table layer thickness decrease, the next layer of coating, and the adjacent layers are bonded to each other to form a three-dimensional solid. 与已有的快速成型方法，特别是已有的三维打印快速成型方法相比，本发明具有以下优点： With the existing rapid prototyping, 3D printing has been especially rapid prototyping method, compared to the present invention has the following advantages:

1. 本发明采用液体支撑材料，不需要其他专门设计支撑结构，零件制作简单，尤其对于具有复杂内部结构的零件，优势更加明显； 1. The present invention uses a liquid support material, no other structure designed to support, spare parts making simple, especially for parts with complex internal structure of the more obvious advantages;

2. 材料利用率高； 2. high material utilization;

3. 加工成型的零件后处理简单。 3. After molding parts handling simple.

附图说明 Brief Description

图l是本发明的结构示意图； Figure l is a block diagram of the present invention;

图2是本发明的实施例1的三维打印成型设备结构示意图； 图3是本发明的实施例2的三维打印成型设备结构示意图。 Figure 2 is a three-dimensional embodiment of the present invention, the printing forming apparatus structure diagram; Figure 3 is a three-dimensional embodiment of the present invention will print forming device structure diagram.

具体实施方式下面结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步的描述。 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS AND embodiment of the present invention will be further described below. 如图l， 2所示，三维打印成型设备，主要包括XY工作台l，喷头2，液 As shown in Figure l, 2, the 3D printing equipment, including XY table l, nozzle 2, liquid

位传感器3，储液槽4，导流孔5，导管6，泵7，升降平台9。 Position sensor 3, reservoir 4, diversion hole 5, conduit 6, pump 7, lifting platform 9.

XY工作台l下面安装储液槽4， XY工作台l上面安装喷头2，喷头2的 L XY table installed below the reservoir 4, XY table l installed above the nozzle 2, nozzle 2

喷口位于XY工作台1下面，方向朝下，XY工作台l上方设有液位传感器3， Vents located XY table 1 below, directed downward, XY table top with a liquid level sensor l 3,

储液槽4内储存有支撑材料8，升降平台9位于支撑材料8内，储液槽4底边 4 storage reservoir with a support material 8, 9 lifting platform located within the support material 8, the reservoir bottom 4

设有导流孔5，导流孔5通过导管6与泵7连接。 With a diversion holes 5, 6 diversion holes 5 through conduit connected to the pump 7. 储液槽4中储存的支撑材料8为液体状态。 4 stored in the reservoir support material 8 to the liquid state. 喷头2的进口通过导管14与泵 Nozzle inlet 2 via conduit 14 and the pump

13出口连接，泵13进口连接原料槽11，原料槽ll内储存有成型材料。 13 outlet connection, the pump inlet connection 13 raw groove 11, is stored within the feed tank ll have a molding material.

储存于储液槽4中的液态支撑材料8，可以通过泵7、导管6、导流孔5 Stored in the liquid reservoir 4 support material 8 by pump 7, conduit 6, diversion hole 5

来改变其在储液槽4中的数量。 To change the number in the reservoir 4.

本发明设备生产三维零件的方法过程如下： The method of producing three-dimensional parts of the apparatus of the present invention, the process is as follows:

1. 计算机处理三维CAD模型，将三维模型顺序分割成一系列具有一定厚度的截面图形。 1. Computer processing three-dimensional CAD model, three-dimensional model is divided into a series of cross-sectional graphic sequence having a certain thickness.

2. 提升升降平台9至一定高度，并利用液位传感器3探测液面高度，根据探测的液面高度，通过泵7、导管6、导流孔5改变储液槽4中的支撑材料8的数量，直到支撑材料8表面与工作台表面处于同一水平面内。 2. Lift lifting platform 9 to a certain height, and use level sensor 3 to detect liquid level, according to the liquid level detection by pump 7, conduit 6, diversion hole reservoir 4 5 change in the support material 8 number 8 until the support surface and the table surface material in the same horizontal plane.

3. 计算机根据截面图形控制XY工作台l在水平面内运动，同时成型材料通过喷头2喷出，喷涂在升降平台9表面，形成与截面图形相同的喷涂层，喷涂完毕XY工作台返回停泊位置。 3. The computer-controlled XY table l sectional graphic movement in the horizontal plane, while the molding material is ejected through the nozzle 2, spraying the surface of the lifting platform 9, formed with the same cross section graphics layer coating, spray coating is completed to return the XY table parked position.

4. 喷涂的成型材料A经过化学反应或辐射或粘结或加热或冷却等方法， 在平面内固化形成一层固化零件。 4. A spray molding material through a chemical reaction or irradiation heating or cooling or adhesive or the like, is formed in the plane of cured layer cured parts.

5. 升降工作台9下降一定高度。 5. The lift table 9 drop to a certain height.

6. 液位传感器3探测液面高度，根据探测的液面高度，通过泵7、导管6、 导流孔5改变储液槽4中的支撑材料8的数量，直到液态支撑材料8表面与固化的一层零件上表面处于同一水平面内。 6. The level sensor 3 to detect a liquid level, according to the liquid level detection, by a pump 7, the conduit 6, diversion hole 5 in the reservoir to change the number 8 of the support material 4, until the liquid surface of the support material and curing 8 on one surface of the part in the same horizontal plane.

7. XY工作台l在计算机控制下水平面内运动，同时成型材料通过喷头2 L 7. XY table motion in the horizontal plane under computer control while the molding material through the nozzle 2

喷出，在已成型零件表面和液态支撑材料8表面喷涂成型材料A，形成与相应的截面图形相同的喷涂层，喷涂完毕XY工作台返回停泊位置。 Spray, 8 parts of the surface and the surface has been molded support material coating liquid molding material A, and the corresponding cross-section graphic form the same coating layer, spray finished XY table to return the parking position.

8. 重复过程4-7，直至零件10加工完毕。 8. Repeat procedure 4-7 until the completion of processing part 10.

9. 提升升降台9到一定高度，取出成型零件IO。 9. enhance lifts 9 to a certain height, remove the molded part IO.

下面通过二个实施例进一步阐述本发明。 The present invention is further illustrated by the following two examples. 实施例1 Example 1

本实施例采用如图2所示的本发明的设备，选择液态光敏树脂12作为成型材料，液态环氧树脂作为支撑材料8。 The present embodiment employs the device of the present invention shown in FIG. 2, the choice of the liquid photosensitive resin 12 as a molding material, a liquid epoxy resin 8 as a support material. 光敏树脂储12存于原料槽11 中，通过导管14和泵13将光敏树脂12输送到喷头2,喷头2喷出的光敏树脂12经过紫外灯15的照射，液体光敏树脂12固化。 The photosensitive resin 12 stored in the material reservoir tank 11, 13 will be delivered to the photosensitive resin nozzle 12 through conduit 14 and pump 2, the photosensitive resin 2 spray nozzle 12 through ultraviolet light, liquid photosensitive resin 15 of 12 cured.

加工过程如下： The process is as follows:

1. 三维CAD模型数据经过计算机处理，分割成一系列具有一定厚度的截面图形。 1. The three-dimensional CAD model data by computer processing, is divided into a series of cross-sectional pattern having a certain thickness.

2. 升降平台9提升至一定高度，并利用液位传感器3探测液面高度，根据探测的液面高度，通过泵7、导管6、导流孔5改变储液槽4中的支撑材料环氧树脂8的数量，直到支撑材料8表面与工作台表面处于同一水平面内。 2. Lifting platform 9 raised to a certain height, and 3 use the level sensor to detect a liquid level, according to the liquid level detection, by a pump 7, the conduit 6, diversion hole 5 in the reservoir to change the support material 4 Epoxy Number resin 8 until 8 support surface and the table surface material in the same horizontal plane.

3. 根据截面图形数据，计算机控制XY工作台l在水平面内运动，同时光敏树脂12通过喷头2喷出，喷涂在升降平台9表面，形成与截面图形相同的喷涂层，喷涂完毕XY工作台返回停泊位置。 3. The cross-sectional graphic data, computer-controlled XY table l movement in the horizontal plane, while the photosensitive resin 12 is ejected through the nozzle 2, spraying the surface of the lifting platform 9, formed with the same cross section graphics layer coating, spray coating is completed to return the XY table parked position.

4. 紫外灯15照射喷涂的光敏树脂，在平面内固化形成一层固化零件。 The UV lamp 15 is irradiated photosensitive resin sprayed, cured to form a layer in a plane cured parts.

5. 升降工作台9下降一定高度。 5. The lift table 9 drop to a certain height.

6. 液位传感器3探测液面高度，根据探测的液面高度，通过泵7、导管6、导流孔5改变储液槽4中的环氧树脂的数量，直到环氧树脂表面与固化的一层零件上表面处于同一水平面内。 6. Level sensor 3 to detect liquid level, according to the liquid level detection by pump 7, conduit 6, diversion hole reservoir 4 5 change in the number of epoxy resin and cured until the epoxy surface On parts of the surface layer in the same horizontal plane.

7. XY工作台l再次在计算机控制下水平面内运动，同时光敏树脂12通过喷头2喷出，在已成型零件表面和环氧树脂表面喷涂光敏树脂，形成与相应的截面图形相同的喷涂层，喷涂完毕XY工作台返回停泊位置。 7. XY table l again under computer control movement in the horizontal plane, while the photosensitive resin 12 is ejected through the nozzle 2, has been formed in parts of the surface of the photosensitive resin and epoxy surface coating is formed with a corresponding cross-section graphic same coating layer, After spraying the XY table to return the parking position.

8. 重复过程4-7，直至零件10加工完毕。 8. Repeat procedure 4-7 until the completion of processing part 10.

9. 提升升降台9到一定高度，取出成型零件IO。 9. enhance lifts 9 to a certain height, remove the molded part IO.

实施例2 Example 2

本实施例采用如图3所示的本发明的设备，选择蜡18作为成型材料， 液态环氧树脂作为支撑材料8。 The present embodiment employs the device of the present invention shown in Figure 3, the choice of wax 18 as a molding material, a liquid epoxy resin 8 as a support material. 蜡18储存于原料槽17中，经过加热板16 加热至熔融状态，熔融状态的蜡通过导管20和泵19将光敏树脂输送到喷头，喷头喷出的熔融状态的蜡经过冷却凝固成型。 Wax material 18 stored in tank 17, through the heating plate 16 is heated to a molten state, the wax melted state photosensitive resin 19 supplied to the nozzle via conduit 20 and a pump, the discharge nozzle of the wax in a molten state is cooled and solidified after molding. 加工过程如下： The process is as follows:

1. 三维CAD模型数据经过计算机处理，分割成一系列具有一定厚度的截面图形。 1. The three-dimensional CAD model data by computer processing, is divided into a series of cross-sectional pattern having a certain thickness.

2. 加热板16加热原料槽17，使固态的蜡熔化，保持稳定70-10(TC。 2. The heating plate 16 is heated feed tank 17, the solid wax melted, remained stable 70-10 (TC.

3. 升降平台9提升至一定高度，并利用液位传感器3探测液面高度，根据探测的液面高度，通过泵7、导管6、导流孔5改变储液槽4中的支撑材料环氧树脂的数量，直到支撑材料表面与工作台表面处于同一水平面内。 3. Lifting platform 9 raised to a certain height, and 3 use the level sensor to detect a liquid level, according to the liquid level detection, by a pump 7, the conduit 6, diversion hole 5 in the reservoir to change the support material 4 Epoxy the number of resin until the support material surface and the table surface in the same horizontal plane.

4. 根据截面图形数据，计算机控制XY工作台l在水平面内运动，同时熔融状态的蜡通过喷头2喷出，喷涂在升降平台9表面，形成与截面图形相同的喷涂层，喷涂完毕XY工作台返回停泊位置。 4. The cross-sectional graphic data, computer-controlled XY table l movement in the horizontal plane, while the wax in a molten state through a discharge nozzle 2, a surface coating on the lifting platform 9, formed with the same cross section graphical sprayed layer, spraying is completed XY table Returns parked position.

5. 喷涂的蜡在低于6(TC的温度下静止10秒-3分钟，在平面内凝固形成一 5. Spray wax in less than 6 (TC temperature still at 10 seconds to 3 minutes, in a plane solidification to form a

层固化零件。 Layer is cured parts.

6. 升降工作台9下降一定高度。 6. Lifting table 9 drop to a certain height.

7. 液位传感器3探测液面高度，根据探测的液面高度，通过泵7、导管6、导流孔5改变储液槽4中的环氧树脂的数量，直到环氧树脂表面与固化的一层零件上表面处于同一水平面内。 7. Level sensor 3 to detect liquid level, according to the liquid level detection by pump 7, conduit 6, diversion hole reservoir 4 5 change in the number of epoxy resin and cured until the epoxy surface On parts of the surface layer in the same horizontal plane.

8. XY工作台l再次在计算机控制下水平面内运动，同时熔融状态的蜡通过喷头2喷出，在已成型零件表面和环氧树脂表面喷涂熔融状态的蜡，形成与相应的截面图形相同的喷涂层，喷涂完毕XY工作台返回停泊位置。 8. XY table l again under computer control movement in the horizontal plane, while the wax in a molten state through spray nozzles 2, has been formed in parts of the surface and epoxy surface coating of wax in a molten state, and the corresponding cross-section graphic form the same sprayed coatings, spray finished XY table to return the parking position.

9. 重复过程4-7，直至零件10加工完毕。 9. Repeat procedure 4-7 until finished processing part 10.

10. 提升升降台9到一定高度，取出成型零件IO。 10. The promotion lifts 9 to a certain height, remove the molded parts IO.

本发明不局限于上述优先例，本领域的技术人员可以在此基础上做出各种变形，例如成型材料和支撑材料选择两种或多种材料的混合物等。 The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned priority cases, those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made on this basis, such as a molding material and the support material selection mixture of two or more materials and so on.