一种基于激光粉末填充焊接的旁轴送粉装置及送粉方法技术领域本发明涉及一种基于激光粉末填充焊接的旁轴送粉装置及送粉方法，属于激光材料加工技术领域。 A powder-based laser rangefinder filling welding powder feeder and powder feeding TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a laser rangefinder based powder filling welding powder feeder and powder feeding method, belonging to the field of laser materials processing technology. 背景技术激光粉末填充焊接利用了粉末填充材料的优点，突破了填充焊丝的诸如顶丝、对送丝机构精度要求高等一些局限，目前已经成为激光焊接技术的一个新的发展方向。 BACKGROUND laser welding takes advantage of the powder filling powder filling material, breaking the top wire as filler wire, wire feeding accuracy requirements for higher number of limitations, has become a new direction of development of laser welding technology. 它利用激光做热源，激光束经导光系统聚焦在工件表面的接缝处形成焊接熔池，同时将事先合金化或机械方法混合后的粉末通过送粉喷嘴注入到激光熔池中，粉末材料熔化并与基体材料混合，冷却后即形成焊缝，将两块分离的工件连成一个整体。 It uses a laser heat source, the laser beam through the light guide system focus weld pool formed at the joint surface of the workpiece, while the pre-alloyed powders or mechanically mixed by the powder feed nozzle is injected into the molten pool, the powder material melted and mixed with the matrix material to form a weld after cooling, the two separated piece together into a whole. 激光粉末填充焊接的这种同步送粉方式目前主要有同轴送粉方式和旁轴(也称离轴、单侧）送粉方式，分别采用了同轴送粉喷嘴和旁轴送粉喷嘴。 Laser welding powder filling this synchronization powder feeder coaxial powder Currently there are ways and rangefinder (also known as off-axis, unilateral) powder feeder, respectively coaxial powder feeding nozzle and rangefinder powder nozzle. 同轴送粉方式激光粉末填充焊接，由于其输送的粉末束流与激光束同轴, 因此使用这种送粉方式的激光粉末填充焊接能得到各向同性、质量一致的焊缝，并且能够对直线、圆弧、曲线的加工轨迹进行焊接加工。 Way coaxial powder feeding laser welding powder filling, the powder beam and laser beam coaxial its delivery, the use of such a powder feeder laser welding powder filling can be isotropic and consistent quality welds, and be able to processing track lines, arcs, curves welding process. 但是在实际加工中，由于喷嘴与熔池距离较近，反射激光及焊接熔池的辐射热极易使喷嘴端部升温，造成粘粉、堵粉或喷嘴损坏，不能确保焊接过程的稳定，因此大大限制了同轴送粉方式激光粉末填充焊接方法在实际加工中的应用。 But in the actual process, because the short distance between the nozzle and the bath, and the weld puddle reflected laser radiation heat easily so that the nozzle end of the heating, resulting sticky powder, powder or blocked nozzle damaged and can not ensure the stability of the welding process, so greatly limits the coaxial powder feeding mode laser welding powder filling method in actual machining. 旁轴送粉激光粉末填充焊接，其粉末束由单独送粉喷嘴输送，送粉喷嘴距离熔池有较大距离，并且相对于激光束存在一定的夹角，减小了反射激光及焊接溶池热辐射的影响，因此避免了同轴送粉焊接方式的缺点，在一个方向上可以取得很好的焊接效果，成为目前应用最广的激光粉末填充焊接方式。 Powder feeding laser rangefinder powder filling welding, its powder powder feeding nozzle beam generated by a single delivery, powder feeding nozzle from the bath there is a greater distance, and relative to the laser beam there is a certain angle, reducing the reflection of the laser and welding molten pool influence of thermal radiation, thus avoiding the disadvantages of coaxial powder welding method, in one direction can be achieved very good welding effect, become the most widely used laser welding powder filling. 但是正是由于送粉喷嘴与激光束存在一定的夹角，粉末束从相对于激光束的一侧按固定方向向激光熔池输送，当激光束运动方向发生改变时，粉末束从不同方向送入熔池，焊缝状态会发生明显变化，无法保证悍缝的精确一致性。 But precisely because the laser beam powder nozzle and there is a certain angle, powder beam from the side of the laser beam relative to a fixed direction of the laser weld pool delivery, when the laser beam movement direction is changed, powder beam sent from different directions into the bath, the weld state will change significantly, defended consistency can not be guaranteed accurate seam. 因此目前常使用的旁轴送粉激光粉末填充焊接装置或系统针对平面焊接加工工件的加工轨迹只能是直线，而不能为圆形、方形或其它曲线。 So now commonly used laser rangefinder powder filling powder feeding system for welding equipment or welding workpiece machining trajectory plane can only be straight, not circular, square or other curves. 因此旁轴送粉的单向性限制了这一激光焊接方式在实际加工中的灵活应用。 Therefore rangefinder powder feeding one-way limit the flexibility of this laser welding application in the practical machining. 如果能够提供这样一种装置或方法，即在焊接加工过程中，使旁轴送粉喷嘴随激光束运动轨迹的变化而同步保持相应的变化，也就是使粉末束相对于激光束在任何时候都是从同一方向注入激光焊接熔池。 If it can provide such a device or method in which the welding process, the bypass axis powder nozzle changes with the laser beam trajectory and synchronization holding corresponding changes, that is the powder beam relative to the laser beam at all times It is injected into the laser weld pool from the same direction. 这样就能克服目前旁轴送粉方式单向性的不足，解决旁轴送粉激光粉末填充焊接不能对圆形、 方形或其他曲线形轨迹的焊接加工的问题，大大拓宽旁轴送粉激光粉末填充焊接方式的应用领域。 This would overcome the current rangefinder powder feeder unidirectional insufficient to address the powder feeding laser rangefinder can not question the powder filling welding circular, square or other curved trajectory of the welding process, greatly widening powder feeding laser rangefinder powder Applications filled welding modes. 但是，在激光材料加工技术领域目前还没有出现相关技术和装置。 However, in the field of laser materials processing technology there is no relevant technologies and devices appear. 发明内容：本发明的主要目的就在于提供一种基于激光粉末填充焊接的旁轴送粉装置，使其能够克服目前旁轴送粉方式单向性的不足，使旁轴送粉激光粉末填充焊接方式能够对加工平面上的圆形、圆弧形轨迹进行激光焊接加工，满足工业生产实际霈求。 SUMMARY: The main objective of the present invention to provide a laser-based welding powder filling rangefinder entrainment means to enable them to overcome rangefinder powder feeder unidirectional insufficient, so that the powder feeding laser rangefinder powder filling welding way capable of circular arc-shaped track machining plane laser welding process, to meet the requirements of industrial production actually Pei. 本发明的另一目的就是提供一种基于激光粉末填充焊接的旁轴送粉方法，使旁轴送粉喷嘴随激光束运动轨迹的变化而同步保持相应的变化，也就是使粉末束相对于激光束在任何时候都是从同一方向注入激光熔池，满足加工平面上圆形、圆弧形加工轨迹对旁轴送粉激光粉末填充焊接的要求。 It is another object of the present invention is to provide a laser-based rangefinder powder filling welding powder feeding method, the bypass axis powder nozzle changes with the laser beam trajectory and synchronization holding corresponding changes, that is the powder relative to the laser beam Laser beams are injected into the bath from the same direction at any time, to meet the machining plane circular arc-shaped processing path for powder feeding laser rangefinder powder filling welding. 为达到以上目的，本发明的技术方案包括有基于激光粉末填充焊接的旁轴送粉装置及送粉方法两部分，参照附图1及附图2，所述的一种基于激光粉末填充焊接的旁轴送粉装置，由依次连接的上体、中间体和下体三部分组成；上体主要包括有腔体l、腔盖8和气帘装置7，中间体由相互啮合的长臂锥齿轮5与短臂锥齿轮6组成的齿轮副及电机4组成，下体由角度位移调节机构及送粉喷嘴14组成，角度位移调节机构主要由水平支架ll、竖直支架12组成；其中，所述的腔盖8设置在本发明的装置最顶部，为一双层、巻筒式结构，上下两层为板状，中间为圆柱联接体，上层板与激光器导光臂连接，下层板与腔体1及设置在腔体1内的气帘装置7连接；长臂锥齿轮5与短臂锥齿轮6组成的齿轮副设置在腔体1内、气帘装置7下方，短臂锥齿轮6通过腔体1侧板与腔体1外部的电机4配合，长臂锥齿轮5通过腔体1底板与水平支架11的一端固定连接，水平支架11的另一端与竖直支架12连接共同构成一角度位移调节机构，送粉喷嘴14固定在竖直支架12上，改变水平支架11与竖直支架12的夹角和相对位置就能够调节送粉喷嘴内粉末的输送位置：腔盖8的中心位置即从上层板经过圆柱联接体到下层板的中心、长臂锥齿轮5 的中间各设有一作为激光光束通道的通孔，与腔体1内气帘装置7的通光孔保持同轴。 To achieve the above object, the present invention comprises a laser rangefinder-based powder filling welding powder feeder and powder feeding method in two parts, Figure 1 and Figure 2, the laser-based powder filling a welding reference rangefinder entrainment means, in turn connected by the upper body, intermediate and lower body consists of three parts; the upper body including a chamber l, chamber lid 8 and curtain device 7, by the mutual engagement of the long arm of the intermediate bevel gear 5 and Gears and motor short arm consisting of bevel gears 6 4 composed of angular displacement of the lower body by the regulatory agencies and powder feeding nozzle 14. The angle adjusting mechanism is mainly composed of horizontal displacement bracket ll, vertical support 12; wherein said chamber lid 8 is provided at the top of the apparatus of the present invention, there is a double, Volume drum structure, two floors of a plate, a cylindrical intermediate coupling body, the upper plate is connected to the laser light guide arm, the lower plate and the cavity 1 and set up 7 connecting chamber within the air curtain device 1; 5 long arm and short arm bevel gear bevel gear 6 composed of a gear in a vice, underneath the cavity air curtain device 7, the short arm of the bevel gear 6 through the cavity side plate and an external cavity with a motor 4, one end of the long arm of the bevel gear 5 through the cavity a horizontal base plate holder 11 is fixedly connected, the other end of the horizontal bracket 11 connected to the vertical frame 12 together constitute an angular displacement of the adjusting mechanism, powder feeding Nozzle 14 is fixed to the vertical support 12, the bracket 11 and changing the angle between the horizontal and vertical position of the bracket 12 relative to the transport position can be adjusted within the powder nozzle powder: chamber lid 8, i.e. from the center position of the upper plate cylinder through coupling the lower body to the center of the plate, the long arm of the intermediate bevel gear 5 is provided with a respective laser beam path as a through hole, through an aperture with the cavity 7 of the inner air curtain holding apparatus coaxially. 参照附图4，根据本发明的一种基于激光粉末填充焊接的旁轴送粉装置， 所述的气帘装置7采用申请号为200420118096. 3的实用新型： 一种激光焊接超音速横向气帘装置，该气帘装置7主要由喷射腔体22、左安装臂20、右安装臂21、带通光孔的辅助挡板23构成。 Referring to Figure 4, according to the present invention is based on a laser rangefinder welding powder filling powder feeder, air curtain device according to 7 A utility model application No. 200420118096.3 of: a laser welding supersonic lateral air curtain means The air curtain apparatus main body 7 by an injection chamber 22, left mounting arm 20 and right mounting arm 21, the band-pass aperture 23 constitute an auxiliary baffle. 喷射腔体22被包夹在左安装臂20与右安装臂21之间，左、右安装臂的右端下部连接有辅助挡板23，喷射腔体22的内腔由拉伐尔喷管结构腔25及与之连接的进气管螺纹孔26组成；在气帘装置的左、 右安装臂分别对称设置有两个螺纹安装孔24，通过螺钉可以将气帘装置7固定在腔盖8的下层板底部，并保证气帘装置7的通光孔与腔盖8圆形通孔同轴。 Injection chamber 22 is double-teamed on the left and right mounting arm 20 is installed between the arms 21, left and right lower right mounting arm is connected to the auxiliary mask 23, the injection chamber cavity 22 by de Laval nozzle cavity structure 25 and the intake pipe threaded hole 26 connected thereto composition; air curtain device in the left and right mounting arms are symmetrically provided with two threaded mounting holes 24, through screw air curtain device 7 is fixed at the bottom of the lower chamber can cover plate 8, and to ensure that air curtain device with the chamber 7 through aperture lid 8 coaxial circular vias. 当有气流进入气帘装置时，在喷射腔体喷嘴处形成的超音速横向气帘，可有效将激光焊接时产生的飞溅及烟气吹除，保护激光器导光臂内的光学系统不受污染，同时辅助挡板与喷射腔体之间形成负压气流通道，避免喷嘴气流产生的负压气流引起焊接区周围空气扰动，提高焊接质量。 When the flow of gas into the gas curtain device supersonic jet transverse air curtain in the cavity formed in the nozzle, which can effectively be spatter and fumes generated during laser welding blowing, protection of the optical system within the optical arm lasers from pollution, while formed between the baffle and the ejection auxiliary vacuum chamber airflow passage, avoid negative airflow nozzle airflow caused by the ambient air pads disturbances, improve the quality of welding. 根据本发明的一种基于激光粉末填充焊接的旁轴送粉装置，所述的腔体1 为长方体空腔结构，腔体1的一侧板上设置有短臂锥齿轮6安装用的圆形孔以及固定用的轴承2;腔体1底板设置有长臂锥齿轮5安装用的圆形孔以及面定用的轴承9;在腔体l的另一对相对的侧板上顶部，还设置有进气管通孔、 出气口，进气管通孔和出气口位置及形状、尺寸与气帘装置7的安装位置及其喷射腔体内拉伐尔喷管结构腔的出气口形状、尺寸一致，保证气流出口通道顺畅；腔体1内还包括引入的电机4的信号线、电源线，腔体l侧板上设置有与信号线、电源线相连的串口13，可利用计算机对电机4进行控制。 According to the present invention is based on a laser rangefinder welding powder filling powder feeding device, the cavity 1 is rectangular cavity structure, the cavity side of the plate 1 is provided with a short-arm mounting bevel gear 6 round and fixing the bearing hole 2; 1 floor cavity is provided with the long arm of the bevel gear 5 is mounted with a circular hole, and fixed with the bearing surface 9; l in the other chamber on the opposite side to the top, but also set There intake pipe through the hole, the mounting position and the ejection chamber de Laval nozzle outlet structure of cavity shape outlet, inlet and outlet pipe through the hole location and shape, dimensions and air curtain device 7, the same size, to ensure that the airflow smooth exit channel; cavity also includes the introduction of the motor 4 1 signal line, power line, provided with a signal line, power line 13 connected to the serial port, you can use a computer to control the motor 4 l upper chamber side. 根据本发明的一种基于激光粉末填充焊接的旁轴送粉装置，其中间体主要由相互啮合的长臂锥齿轮5与短臂锥齿轮6组成的齿轮副及电机4组成， 其中短臂锥齿轮6的臂较短，通过腔体1侧板上的圆孔并与孔内的轴承2紧固配合，短臂锥齿轮6中间还设置有一通孔；长臂锥齿轮5的臂较长，其上段外表面为光洁表面，通过在腔体1底板上的圆孔并与孔内的轴承9紧固配合，长臂下段表面设置有螺纹，与本装置下体的角度位移调节机构的水平支架ll连接；长臂锥齿轮5中间还设置有圆形通孔，作为激光束的通道，与上体气帘装置7的通光孔、腔盖8的圆形通孔保持同轴。 4 composition according to the present invention is based on a laser rangefinder welding powder filling powder feeder, which is mainly composed of the long arm of the intermediate bevel gear 5 and the short arm of bevel gears are meshing gears composed of six deputy and motor, in which the short arm of the cone short arm gear 6, the hole through the cavity on the side plate and the bearing hole 2 a secure fit, short arm intermediate bevel gear 6 is also provided with a through hole; the long arm of the bevel gear arm longer 5 its outer surface is smooth upper surface, through a hole in the bottom of the cavity and the bearing 9 with clamping fit hole, the lower surface of the long arm is provided with a threaded bracket ll the horizontal angular displacement of the lower body means adjusting mechanism connection; the long arm of the intermediate bevel gear 5 is also provided with a circular through hole, as the passage of the laser beam of light through the hole and upper body air curtain device 7, the circular chamber lid concentric with the through hole 8. 所述的电机4为普通直流电机或步进电机，其旋转轴与短臂锥齿轮6内的通孔紧固配合，电机4 的信号线、电源线被引入腔体，与设置在腔体侧板上的串口13相连，可利用计算机对其进行控制。 4 according to an ordinary DC motor or stepper motor, its rotational axis and the short arm of the bevel gear mating fastening through hole 6 inside the motor 4 signal line, power supply line is introduced into the cavity, the cavity provided in the side Serial board 13 is connected, you can use a computer to control it. 为防止工作时候粉末对轴承2、轴承9的损坏以及轴承的滑动，在侧板上轴承2和底板上轴承9的安装处，相应地还设置有侧轴承挡盖3、底轴承挡盖10，轴承挡盖3、 10通过螺钉与腔体1连接，其中侧轴承挡盖3还与电机4螺钉连接。 To prevent the powder when the work on the bearings 2, bearing damage and bearing 9, the side plate bearing 2 and bearing installation on the floor at 9, and accordingly is also provided with a side door bearing 3, the end of the bearing block cap 10, bearing door 3, 10 is connected by screws with the cavity 1, wherein the bearing side door 3 is also connected to the motor 4 screws. 根据本发明的一种基于激光粉末填充焊接的旁轴送粉装置，其下体主要由角度位移调节机构及安装在角度位移调节机构上的送粉喷嘴14构成。 According to the present invention is based on a laser rangefinder welding powder filling powder feeding apparatus nakedness major displacement regulating mechanism and is mounted on the angular displacement of the adjusting mechanism by the angle of powder nozzle 14 constitute. 其中角度位移调节机构由水平支架11、竖直支架12和紧固螺钉15组成，其中水平支架11 一端为内带螺纹的环状结构，用于长臂锥齿轮5的长臂下段嫘纹连接，水平支架ll的另一端为一矩形长孔；竖直支架12为一长方形条状结构， 支架上开有矩形长孔，通过紧固螺钉15即与水平支架11共同构成一角度位移调节机构，改变竖直支架12在水平支架11上的位置以及改变竖直支架12 与水平支架11之间的夹角就可以方便地实现该机构的角度位移调节。 Wherein the angular displacement of the adjusting mechanism 11 by the horizontal bracket, vertical bracket 12 and fastening screws 15, of which 11 within the ring structure at one end threaded horizontal holder, for the long arm of the long arm of the lower bevel gear 5 is connected Lei Wen, ll the other end of the horizontal holder is a rectangular long hole; vertical support structure 12 is a rectangular strip, opened a long rectangular hole on the bracket 15 by tightening the screw that is the horizontal holder 11 constitute a displacement angle adjustment mechanism to change vertical frame 12 in the horizontal position of the bracket 11 and changing the angle between the vertical support 11 and the horizontal holder 12 can easily achieve the agency's displacement angle adjustment. 根据本发明的一种基于激光粉末填充焊接的旁轴送粉装置，所述的送粉喷嘴14，采用双层同轴送粉喷嘴，送粉喷嘴设置有同轴的内外两层管道，内层送粉管利用载气输送焊接填充用粉末材料，外层送气管输送保护气，形成汇聚粉末束流。 According to the present invention is based on a laser rangefinder welding powder filling powder feeder, the powder feed nozzle 14, using double coaxial powder nozzle powder feeding nozzle is provided with a coaxial inner and outer pipe, the inner powder feeding tube use a carrier gas transporting welding filler powder material, the outer layer of the protective gas feed pipe conveyor formed converge powder beam. 送粉喷嘴14通过固定夹用螺钉固定在角度位移调节机构的竖直支架上，调整角度位移调节机构即能够调节送粉喷嘴内粉末的输送位置。 Powder feeding nozzle 14 by retaining clips with screws on vertical support angle displacement regulating mechanism, adjust the angle of displacement regulating mechanism that is regulated and powder nozzle powder delivery position. 参照附图6，其表示本发明的基于激光粉末填充焊接的旁轴送粉装置工作原理图。 Referring to Figure 6, which represents the rangefinder laser-based welding powder filling powder feeder operating principle of the present invention. 旁轴送粉装置固定在激光器导光臂上，当导光臂以一定的线速度沿确定的圆弧形轨迹运动时，计算机可根据圆弧形轨迹的弧度和半径即可计算出导光臂运动所需要的时间，同时计算机根据导光臂运动时间计算并确定送粉喷嘴转过相同弧度所需要的角速度，以保持送粉喷嘴与导光臂同步运动， 实现旁轴送粉激光粉末填充焊接方式对加工平面上的圆形、圆弧形轨迹的激光焊接加工。 Rangefinder powder feeder arm fixed to the laser light guide, when the arc-shaped trajectory of the light guide arm at a constant linear velocity along OK, the computer can be calculated according to the curvature of the light guide arm and the radius of the arc-shaped track time required for movement, while the computer calculating and determining the angular velocity of the same powder nozzle turned radian needed to keep the powder feed nozzle and synchronous optical arm motion light guide arm movement time, achieve powder feeding laser rangefinder powder filling welding way circular machining plane, arc-shaped track in the laser welding process. 参照附图8及附图9，根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种基于激光粉末填充焊接的旁轴送粉方法。 Referring to FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, the powder feeding method aspect of the invention, there is provided a laser-based rangefinder powder filling welding. 其特征在于釆取如下步骤：1)在计算机中利用CAD软件绘制焊接加工图形：圆形或圆弧形，确定激光器导光臂运动线速度V即焊接速度；2) 将CAD图转换为激光器导光臂运动轨迹格式文件；计算机根据CAD图形的圆弧半径r及弧度e ，计算得到双层同轴送粉喷嘴绕激光束同步转动的角速度CO，并将其传递到计算机控制软件中；3) 开启保护气体，调整送粉器进行粉末输送工作，保护气作为粉末的载气进入送粉器，同时保护气通过进气管进入本发明的送粉装置腔体的气帘装置内形成保护气气帘；4) 启动计算机控制软件，激光输出，激光器导光臂以线速度V沿加工图形轨迹运动，同时旁轴送粉装置上的电机工作，带动腔体内相互啮合锥齿轮副运动，固定在长臂锥齿轮长臂下段的角度位移调节机构以及固定在角度位移调节机构上的双层同轴送粉喷嘴一边跟随激光器导光臂以线速度V沿加工图形轨迹运动，同时以角速度co、以激光束为中心轴绕动，使得粉末束相对于激光束在任何时候都是从相同方向注入激光焊接熔池。 Wherein Bian take the following steps: 1) the use of CAD software in the computer graphics rendering welding process: a circular or arc-shaped, determine the laser light guide arm motion linear velocity V that is the welding speed; 2) the CAD drawing to laser guide light arm trajectory format; according to the circular arc radius r CAD computer graphics and curvature of e, calculated double coaxial powder nozzle around the laser beam synchronous rotation angular velocity CO, and passes it to the computer control software; 3) Open protective gas, adjust the powder feeder by powder transport, protection of air as the powder carrier gas into the powder feeder, while protecting the formation of protective air curtain in the air through the intake manifold into the powder feeder cavity of the present invention air curtain equipment; 4 ) Start the computer control software, laser output, laser optical arm at a line speed V in the machine graphics trajectory, while work on the motor shaft next to the powder feeder, driven cavity deputy campaign intermeshing bevel gears, bevel gear fixed to the long arm the angular displacement of the lower section of the long arm adjustment mechanism and coaxially secured to the double angular displacement regulating mechanism powder nozzle while the laser light guide follower arm motion along the linear velocity V graphics processing track, while the angular velocity co, to the center of the laser beam orbiting shaft, so that the powder beam relative to the laser beam is injected into the laser weld pool from the same direction at any time. 其中在将CAD图转换为激光器导光臂运动轨迹格式文件同时，计算机根据CAD图的圆弧半径及弧度，计算得到双层同轴送粉喷嘴绕激光束同步转动的角速度，并将其传递到计算机控制软件中；在保护气的输送步骤中，保护气作为粉末的载气进入送粉器，同时保护气通过进气管进入本发明的送粉装置腔体的气帘装置内形成保护气气帘。 Wherein the CAD drawing to laser optical arm trajectories format files simultaneously, the computer according to the CAD drawing arc radius and curvature, calculated by double coaxial powder nozzle around the synchronous rotation angular velocity of the laser beam, and passes it to computer control software; the protection of air transport step, the protective gas as the powder carrier gas into the powder feeder, while protecting the formation of protective air curtain in the air through the intake manifold into the powder feeder cavity of the present invention air curtain devices. 根据本发明提供的送粉装置和送粉方法，可以有效、方便地对加工平面上为圆形、圆弧形轨迹进行旁轴送粉激光粉末填充焊接。 According to the present invention provides a powder feeder and powder feeding method can effectively and easily to the machining plane is circular arc-shaped trajectory powder feeding laser rangefinder powder filling welding. 附图说明：图1为本发明的一种基于激光粉末填充焊接的旁轴送粉装置结构示意图； 其中：1、腔体2、短臂锥齿轮安装轴承3、侧轴承挡盖4、电机5、长臂锥齿轮6、短臂锥齿轮7、气帘装置8、腔盖9、长臂锥齿轮安装轴承10、底轴承挡盖11、水平支架12、竖直支架13、串口14、送粉喷嘴15、紧固螺钉图2为本发明的一种基于激光粉末填充焊接的旁轴送粉装置立体结构分解示意图（不包含送粉喷嘴）；图3为本发明的一种基于激光粉末填充焊接的旁轴送粉装置立体示意图(不包含送粉喷嘴）；图4为一种激光焊接超音速横向气帘装置结构示意图；20、左安装臂21、右安装臂22、喷射腔体23、辅助挡板24、.安装孔25、拉伐尔喷管结构腔26、进气管螺纹孔图5为一种激光粉末填充焊接用双层同轴送粉喷嘴结构示意图； 30、送粉腔31、粉末入口32、保护气腔33、保护气入口34、送气管35、送粉管.36、固定夹图6为本发明的一种基于激光粉末填充焊接的旁轴送粉装置工作原理图；图7为表示利用目前旁轴送粉激光粉末填充焊接装置进行圆弧形轨迹焊接加工过程示意图；图中®表示激光器导光臂或激光束©表示送粉喷嘴图8为利用本发明的一种基于激光粉末填充焊接的旁轴送粉装置进行圆弧形轨迹焊接加工过程示意图；图中（g)表示激光器导光臂或激光束©表示送粉喷嘴图9为本发明的一种基于激光粉末填充焊接的旁轴送粉装置的送粉工作图； 图10为本发明的一种基于激光粉末填充焊接的旁轴送粉装置及送粉方法在激光粉末填充焊接加工过程中的应用实例示意图。 BRIEF DESCRIPTION: A Figure 1 of the present invention based on a laser rangefinder welding powder filling powder schematic structure means delivery; wherein: 1, the cavity 2, short arm bevel gear mounted bearings 3, 4 door side bearing motor 5 , the long arm of the bevel gear 6, the short arm of bevel gears 7, air curtain device 8, the chamber lid 9, the long arm of bevel gear mounted bearings 10, the end of the bearing block cap 11, the horizontal frame 12, vertical support 13, serial port 14, the powder feeding nozzle 15. A fastening screws 2 of the present invention based on a laser rangefinder welding powder filling powder feeder perspective exploded view of the structure (excluding powder nozzle); Figure 3 of the present invention a laser-based powder filling welded rangefinder send Schematic three-dimensional powder (powder feed nozzle is not included); Figure 4 is a laser-welded structural diagram of supersonic lateral air curtain device; 20, left mounting arm 21 and right mounting arm 22, injection cavity 23, the auxiliary baffle 24 ,. mounting holes 25, de Laval nozzle structure of the cavity 26, the intake pipe threaded hole 5 is a laser welding powder filling powder feed nozzle with double coaxial structure diagram; 30, powder feeding chamber 31, the powder inlet 32 shielding gas chamber 33, the protective gas inlet 34, the air supply pipe 35, .36 powder feeding tube, the retaining clips Figure 6 of the present invention based on a laser rangefinder welding powder filling powder feeder works; Figure 7 shows advantage of the current powder feeding laser rangefinder powder filling welding apparatus arc-shaped track schematic welding process; FIG. ® indicates that the laser light guide arm or a laser beam powder nozzle © represents 8 is filled with the present invention using a laser-based powder Welding rangefinder entrainment means arc-shaped track schematic welding process; FIG. (g) represents the optical laser guide arm or a laser beam © shows a powder feed nozzle 9 of the present invention based on laser welding powder filling side Axis entrainment means of powder feeding working drawings; Fig. 10 of the present invention of a laser-based rangefinder welding powder filling powder feeder and powder feeding method in laser welding powder filling process application example FIG. 101、本发明的旁轴送粉装置102、激光器导光臂103、激光器104、计算机105、保护气气瓶106、送粉器107、焊接工件108、圆弧焊缝具体实施方式：以下结合一个具体实施例来详述本发明的一种基于激光粉末填充焊接的旁轴送粉装置及送粉方法。 101, next to the axis of the present invention, the powder feeding device 102, the laser light guide arm 103, a laser 104, a computer 105, shielding gas cylinder 106, powder feeder 107, 108 welding work, arc weld DETAILED DESCRIPTION: The following combination of a A detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention is based on a laser rangefinder welding powder filling powder feeder and powder feeding methods. 参照附图1及附图2。 Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2. 一种基于激光粉末填充焊接的旁轴送粉装置由依次连接的上体、中间体和下体三部分组成；上体主要包括有腔体l、腔盖8和气帘装置7，中间体由相互啮合的长臂锥齿轮5与短臂锥齿轮6组成的齿轮副及电机4组成，下体由角度位移调节机构及送粉喷嘴14组成，角度位移调节机构主要由水平支架11、竖直支架12组成。 A laser-based rangefinder powder filling welding powder feeder connected in turn by the upper body, intermediate and lower body consists of three parts; the upper body including a chamber l, chamber lid 8 and curtain device 7, intermediate engaged by each other The long arm and short arm bevel gear 5 6 Gears bevel gear and electrical components consisting of 4, the angular displacement of the lower body by the regulatory agencies and powder feeding nozzle 14. The angle adjusting mechanism is mainly composed of horizontal displacement of the holder 11, vertical support 12 components. 其中，所述的腔盖8设置在本发明的装置最顶部，为一双层、巻筒式结构，上下两层为方形板状，中间为圆柱联接体，上下两层周边分别均匀布置有多个圆形直孔，上层板的四个直孔用于与激光器导光臂螺钉连接，下层板的六个直孔用于与腔体1螺钉连接，下层板上、靠近圆柱体周围还设置有四个直孔，与气帘装置7螺钉连接。 At the very top device of the present invention, there is a double, Volume drum structure, two floors of a rectangular plate, the intermediate cylindrical coupling body, upper and lower layers are arranged uniformly surrounding how wherein the chamber lid 8 is provided circular straight holes, four straight holes for connecting the upper plate of the laser light guide arm screws, six straight holes used to connect the lower plate 1 screw with the cavity, the lower plate and close around the cylindrical body is further provided with four straight holes, and 7 screw air curtain device is connected. 气帘装置7采用公知的激光焊接超音速横向气帘装置，用螺钉固定在腔体l内、腔盖8的下层板底部。 Air curtain device 7 using a known laser welding supersonic lateral air curtain device with screw fixation in the cavity l, the lower bottom of the chamber lid 8 boards. 腔体1为一长方体空腔结构，腔体1的一侧板和底板上分别设置有短臂锥齿轮6及长臂锥齿轮5的圆形安装孔，圆形孔内分别设置有短臂锥齿轮安装轴承2及长臂锥齿轮安装轴承9，短臂锥齿轮安装轴承2内圈与短臂锥齿轮6的臂紧固配合安装，长臂锥齿轮安装轴承9内圈与长臂锥齿轮5臂的上段紧固配合安装；在侧板上轴承2和底板上轴承9的安装处，相应地还设置有侧轴承挡盖3、底轴承挡盖IO，轴承挡盖3、 10通过螺钉与腔体1连接，其中在侧轴承挡盖3上设置有多个沉头孔，通过沉头螺钉与电机4连接；在腔体l 的另一对相对的侧板上顶部，还设置有进气管通孔、出气口，进气管通孔为一U形豁口，设置在与串口孔座同侧的腔体1侧板上，与之相对的腔体1侧板上设置有出气口，出气口为长方形，尺寸与气帘装置7喷射腔体22内拉伐尔喷管结构腔25的出气口大小一致；电机4的信号线、电源线被引入腔体l， 与设置在腔体侧板上的串口孔座内的串口13相连。 1 is a rectangular chamber cavity structure, the upper chamber side and bottom plates are provided with a short arm Bevel round mounting holes 6 and the long arm of the bevel gear 5, circular holes are provided with short-arm cone gear mounting bearing 2 and the long arm of bevel gear mounted bearing 9, the short arm of bevel gear mounted bearing inner ring 2 and the short arm of the bevel gear arm 6 fastening with installation, installation of the long arm of the bevel gear bearing inner ring and the long arm of the bevel gear 9 5 fastening arm of the segment with installation; the side plate bearing 2 and bearing installed on the floor at 9, and accordingly is also provided with a side door bearing 3, the bottom bearing door IO, bearing door 3 by screws and the cavity 10 1 body connection, which is provided with a plurality of bearing spigot on the side door 3, via countersunk screws and the motor 4; l in the cavity on top of the other on the opposite side, is also provided with an intake pipe through hole, outlet, intake manifold through-hole is a U-shaped notch is provided on the same side with the serial socket for cavity 1 side, as opposed to the cavity is provided with air outlet on the side plate, rectangular outlet , 7 injection cavity size and air curtain device 22 de Laval nozzle chamber outlet structure of the same size 25; motor 4 signal lines, power lines are introduced into the chamber body l, and disposed in the cavity side panel serial hole Block 13 is connected to the serial port inside. 长臂锥齿轮5与短臂锥齿轮6组成的齿轮副设置在腔体1内、气帘装置7 下方，短臂锥齿轮6的臂较短，中间设置有一方形通孔，短臂锥齿轮6通过腔体1侧板与腔体1外部的电机4配合；电机4为普通直流电机或步进电机，其旋转轴输出断为长方体形状；长臂锥齿轮5的臂较长，其上段外表面为光洁表面，下段表面设置有螺纹，长臂锥齿轮5通过腔体1底板与本发明装置下体角度位移调节机构的水平支架11的一端固定连接。 Bevel gear set vice 5 long arm and the short arm of the bevel gear 6 formed in the cavity 1, below the air curtain device 7, the arm short arm shorter bevel gear 6, the middle through hole is provided with a square, through the short arm of the bevel gear 6 a cavity plate and the cavity 4 with an external motor; motor 4 is a DC motor or stepper motor ordinary, off its axis of rotation output rectangular parallelepiped shape; long arm of the long arm of a bevel gear 5, the outer surface of the upper segment smooth surface, a lower surface is provided with a threaded section, the long arm of the bevel gear 5 through the cavity of the lower body on floor and apparatus of the present invention, the angle of the horizontal displacement of the adjustment mechanism 11 is connected with one end fixed bracket. 角度位移调节机构由水平支架11、竖直支架12和紧固螺钉15组成，其中水平支架11 一端为内带螺纹的环状结构，为防止水平支架11在长臂下段松动，环状结构上还设置有顶丝孔，内装顶丝，平支架ll的另一端为一矩形长孔；竖直支架12为一长方形条状结构，支架上开有矩形长孔，通过紧固螺钉15即与水平支架11共同构成角度位移调节机构。 Angle from the horizontal displacement regulating mechanism holder 11, the vertical frame 12 and fastening screws 15, of which 11 within the ring structure at one end threaded horizontal holder, in order to prevent the horizontal holder 11 on the lower section of the long arm loose, the cyclic structure further is provided with a top wire hole, built the top wire, the other end of the flat bracket ll is a long rectangular hole; vertical support structure 12 is a rectangular strip, opened a long rectangular hole on the bracket 15 by tightening the screw that is horizontal bracket 11 together constitute the angular displacement of the adjustment mechanism. 参照附图5，送粉喷嘴14为一种双层同轴送粉喷嘴，送粉喷嘴设置有同轴的内外两层管道，内层送粉管30为焊接填充用粉末材料输送管道，外层送气管34为保护气输送管道。 Referring to Figure 5, powder feeding nozzle 14 is a two-layer coaxial powder nozzle powder feeding nozzle is provided with a coaxial inner and outer pipe, the inner powder feeding tube 30 is welded pipes filled with powder material, the outer layer To protect the gas feed pipe 34 pipelines. 送粉喷嘴14通过固定夹36用嫘钉固定在角度位移调节机构的竖直支架12上。 Powder feeding nozzle 14 by the retaining clip 36 with Lei nailing displacement regulating mechanism in the vertical angle bracket 12. 腔盖8的中心位置即从上层板经过圆柱联接体到下层板的中心、长臂锥齿轮5的中间各设有一作为激光光束通道的通孔，与气帘装置7辅助挡板23 上的通光孔保持同轴。 Chamber cover from the center position 8 after the upper plate cylinder coupled to the central body of the lower plate, in the middle of the long arm of the bevel gear 5 are each provided with a channel as a laser beam through holes, and 7 auxiliary shutter curtain device 23 through the light on hole holding coaxial. 参照附图9及附图10。 Referring to Figure 9 and Figure 10. 在本发明的上叙的基于激光粉末填充焊接的旁轴送粉装置下，对材质为为45#钢、加工轨迹为圆形的平面加工工件进行旁轴送粉激光粉末填充焊接，其送粉方法步骤如下：1)在计算机104中利用CAD软件绘制焊接加工图形：圆形，半径F50cni，弧度e-2n，确定激光器导光臂运动线速度即焊接速度V-2m/min; 2)将CAD图转换为激光器导光臂102运动轨迹格式文件；3)开启保护气气瓶105，保护气同时进入送粉器105及本发明的旁轴送粉装置101腔体内的气帘装置；调整送粉器106输送粉末（镍基合金粉末10g/min) ; 4)启动计算机104控制软件，激光器103出光，激光器导光臂102以线速度V-2m/min沿圆形加工轨迹运动，本发明的旁轴送粉装置101上的电机同时工作，旁轴送粉装置101腔体内相互啮合的锥齿轮副将运动传递给角度位移调节机构，带动双层同轴送粉喷嘴一边跟随导光臂102 以线速度V-2m/min沿圆形加工轨迹运动，同时以激光束为中心轴、以计算得到的角速度o)"229。 /min绕动，进行粉末输送，使得粉末束相对于激光束在任何时候都是从相同方向注入激光焊接熔池，直到粉末填充焊接过程完成， 在材质为45#钢的平面加工工件107上得到成型的圆弧焊缝108。 In the rangefinder laser-based welding powder filling powder feeding apparatus of the present invention on Syria, on the material of 45 # steel, flat circular toolpath machining workpieces powder feeding laser rangefinder powder filling welding, its entrainment steps are as follows: 1) the use of a computer 104 CAD software to draw welding Graphics: circle with a radius F50cni, radian e-2n, determine the laser light guide arm movement line speed that is the welding speed V-2m / min; 2) to CAD Converting a laser light guide arm 102 trajectories format; 3) opening of the protective gas cylinder 105, the protective gas simultaneously into the powder feeder 105 and rangefinder of the present invention powder feeder 101 air curtain cavity means; adjust powder feeder 106 conveying powder (nickel-based alloy powder 10g / min); 4) to start the computer 104 control software, the laser light 103, the laser light guide arm 102 at a line speed V-2m / min along a circular machining trajectory, next to the axis of the present invention, motor entrainment means 101 work at the same time, the bevel gear lieutenant motion rangefinder entrainment means engaging with each other within the cavity 101 is passed to the angular displacement of the adjustment mechanism, driven double coaxial powder nozzle side to follow the light guide arm 102 linear velocity V -2m / min along a circular trajectory processing, while the laser beam as the central axis, to calculate the angular velocity obtained o) "229. / min orbiting, a powder conveyor, so that the powder beam relative to the laser beam at all times, injection laser weld pool from the same direction until the powder filling welding process is complete, the material is 45 # steel flat workpiece 107 to obtain a molded arc weld 108.